178:(SCI) control systems may be the most well-known intelligence SAPs. The treatment of SCI is singular among SAPs, and it seems there is some disagreement within the government as to whether or not SCI is a SAP. Defense Department sources usually state that it is, and at least one publication refers to a separate SCI-SAP category alongside the three listed above. The Intelligence Community, drawing on the DNI's statutory responsibility to protect intelligence sources and methods, finds a legal basis for SCI separate from that of SAPs, and consequently consider SCI and SAPs separate instances of the more general controlled access program.
507:
98:
Dwight D. Eisenhower issues
Executive order 10501. It drops the "restricted" classification level. It removes classification authority from 28 government entities and limits its use in 17 more. There are now explicit guidelines for the remaining three classification levels to prevent a systematic
226:
Compartments within SAPs may be denoted by a hyphen, and are listed alphanumerically. Subcompartments are separated by spaces, and are also listed alphanumerically. Markings do not show the hierarchy beyond the sub-compartment level. Sub-sub-compartments are listed in the same manner as
132:. These SAPs are exempt by statutory authority of the Secretary of Defense from most reporting requirements and, within the legislative branch, the only persons who are required to be informed of said SAPs are the chairpersons and ranking committee members of the
68:, special terminology or markings, exclusion from standard contract investigations (carve-outs), and centralized billet systems. Within the Department of Defense, SAP is better known as "SAR" by the mandatory Special Access Required (SAR) markings.
691:
For the aforementioned notional MEDIAN BELL program, and the RED FAN 1532 and RED GLUE A691 and D722 sub-compartments of the notional SPACKLE CEILING program. It is possible that A691 is a sub-sub-compartment of D722, or vice
336:(SCI), national intelligence information concerning sources and methods which is protected by control systems defined by the Director of National Intelligence. Note that SCI markings are separate from those of other SAPs.
342:-Extremely Sensitive Information (SIOP-ESI, replaced by NC2-ESI), the national plan for nuclear war. Note that SIOP-ESI was listed among non-IC dissemination control markings on classified documents, not with other SAPs.
81:
Shortly before
America's involvement in World War II Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 8381, creating the three security levels for his country's most important documents- Restricted, Confidential, and Secret.
99:
flood of classified documents coming from the
Pentagon and other agencies. The Pentagon responds by creating its own "special access" labels to further insulate classified information from outside influence.
269:
is understood informally as described as those who need to know have access, access is "on a need to know basis". A SAP can only be initiated, modified, and terminated within their department or agency; the
120:
Two types of SAP exist – acknowledged and unacknowledged. The existence of an acknowledged SAP may be publicly disclosed, but the details of the program remain classified. An unacknowledged SAP (or
798:
859:
202:
Abbreviations may be used for either element. Portion markings use SAR and the program's abbreviation. For example, a secret SAP with the nickname MEDIAN BELL would be marked
491:
437:
864:
528:
458:
283:
370:
107:
In
Executive Order number 11652 Richard M. Nixon legitimizes the use of special access controls and the "special access program" is finally made official.
49:
90:
After the conclusion of World War II, President Harry S. Truman issues
Executive order 10104, and creates the "Top Secret classification" designation.
869:
303:
295:
45:
321:
is obliged to submit a report, submitted not later than the 1st of March for each year, to the defense committee on special access programs.
287:
160:
Acquisition SAPs (AQ-SAPs), which protect the "research, development, testing, modification, and evaluation or procurement" of new systems;
314:. These offices are better known as 'classification authorities.' They retain the right to declassify or revise classification levels.
529:"EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652 -- 'CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION AND MATERIAL' | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)"
459:"EXECUTIVE ORDER 10501 SAFEGUARDING OFFICIAL INFORMATION IN THE INTERESTS OF THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)"
333:
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with safeguards and access restrictions that exceed those for regular (collateral) classified information. SAPs can range from
778:
64:. In addition to collateral controls, a SAP may impose more stringent investigative or adjudicative requirements, specialized
586:
311:
170:
Operations and
Support SAPs (OS-SAPs), which protect the "planning, execution, and support" of sensitive military activities.
145:
141:
561:
753:
823:
408:
834:
DOD 5205.11 Instructions - Management, Administration, and
Oversight of DoD Special Access Programs, 6 February 2013
429:
536:
466:
191:
754:
United States Code, 2006, V. 4, Title 8, Aliens and
Nationality, to Title 10, Armed Forces, Sections 101-1805 -
163:
Intelligence SAPs (IN-SAPs), which protect the "planning and execution of especially sensitive intelligence or
824:
Intelligence
Community Authorized Classification and Control Markings Register and Manual v5.1, 30 March 2012
375:
65:
57:
125:
843:
682:
Intelligence
Community Authorized Classification and Control Markings Register and Manual, v5.1, p. 67-68
742:
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The following national or international SAPs, unless otherwise noted, are identified in 32 CFR 154.17:
164:
124:) is made known only to authorized persons, including members of the appropriate committees of the
809:
DOD 5220.22-M, National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM), 28 February, 2006
493:
Security Classified and Controlled Information: History, Status, and Emerging Management Issues
227:
sub-compartments. A more complex banner line with multiple SAPs and subcompartments might read
497:
727:
31:
720:
247:. Other variations move the special access warning to a second line, which would read
17:
853:
607:
53:
61:
794:
AR 380-381, Special Access Programs (SAPs) and Sensitive Activities, 21 April 2004
582:
557:
818:
799:
Authorized Classification and Control Markings Register Version 1.2, 12 May 2008
793:
784:
AR 380-5, Department of the Army Information Security Program, 29 September 2000
239:
Older documents used different standard for marking. The banner line might read
788:
838:
833:
783:
813:
404:
803:
265:
828:
186:
SAP documents require special marking to indicate their status. The words
839:
DOD 5205.07 Directive - Special Access Program (SAP) Policy, 1 July 2010
30:
For programs that provide access to unapproved medical treatments, see
804:
DCID 3/29, Controlled Access Program Oversight Committee, 2 June 1995
156:
There are three categories of SAPs within the Department of Defense:
819:
EO 13526, Classified National Security Information, 29 December 2009
251:
or some other phrase directed by the program security instructions.
27:
Highly classified information provider in the US federal government
673:
Authorized Classification and Control Markings Register v1.2, p. 9
829:
News and discussion forum for historical Special Access Programs
249:
MEDIAN BELL Special Control and Access Required (SCAR) Use Only
174:
Only the Director of National Intelligence may create IN-SAPs.
583:"Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy"
844:
In search of the Pentagon's billion dollar hidden budgets
814:
DODD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program, January 1997
128:. Waived SAPs are a subset of unacknowledged SAPs in the
56:
to routine but especially-sensitive operations, such as
789:
AR 380-67, Personnel Security Program, 9 September 1988
608:"Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence"
756:(p.593) printed by U.S. Government Printing Office
148:. Oftentimes, this notification is only oral.
8:
350:Nuclear Weapon Personnel Reliability Program
241:SECRET//MEDIAN BELL//SPECIAL ACCESS REQUIRED
194:, are placed in the document's banner line.
860:Classified information in the United States
371:Compartmentalization (information security)
204:SECRET//SPECIAL ACCESS REQUIRED-MEDIAN BELL
846:, Jane's Information Group, 5 January 2000
310:); or others designated in writing by the
229:TOP SECRET//SAR-MB/SC-RF 1532-RG A691 D722
360:classified information at the staff level
263:policy on classified security categories
646:32 CFR 154.17 and NISPOM, 2006, p. 9-3-1
218:Multiple SAPs are separated by slashes.
387:
353:Chemical Personnel Reliability Program
190:, followed by the program nickname or
294:; their principal deputies (e.g. the
243:, and the portion marking would read
7:
485:
483:
48:are security protocols that provide
865:United States Department of Defense
334:Sensitive Compartmented Information
176:Sensitive Compartmented Information
62:presidential transportation support
721:Intelligence and Security Doctrine
490:Relyea, Harold C. (October 2010).
358:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
340:Single Integrated Operational Plan
25:
732:Federation of American Scientists
292:Director of National Intelligence
870:United States government secrecy
620:from the original on 2021-03-08
589:from the original on 2021-06-21
564:from the original on 2022-09-05
510:from the original on 2024-09-03
440:from the original on 2022-06-08
411:from the original on 2021-08-07
345:Presidential support activities
138:Senate Armed Services Committee
134:Senate Appropriations Committee
284:Secretary of Homeland Security
146:House Armed Services Committee
142:House Appropriations Committee
1:
50:highly classified information
304:Deputy Secretary of Defense
206:. Portions would be marked
886:
405:"Executive Order No. 8381"
29:
394:DOD 5200.1-R, 1997, p. 86
296:Deputy Secretary of State
66:nondisclosure agreements
710:AR 380-381, 2004, p. 37
637:AR 380-381, 2004, p. 11
376:State secrets privilege
188:SPECIAL ACCESS REQUIRED
46:U.S. Federal Government
38:Special access programs
765:AR 380-67, 1988, p. 17
701:AR 380-5, 2000, p. 221
126:United States Congress
18:Special Access Program
743:Executive Order 13526
655:AR 380-5, 2000, p. 11
167:units or operations";
130:Department of Defense
496:. DIANE Publishing.
319:Secretary of Defense
276:Secretary of Defense
255:Involved individuals
111:Types and categories
779:32 CFR 154.17, 2010
539:on January 23, 2017
469:on January 23, 2017
280:Secretary of Energy
726:2021-07-25 at the
430:"Executive Orders"
272:Secretary of State
730:published by the
434:National Archives
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622:. Retrieved
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591:. Retrieved
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566:. Retrieved
558:"10 USC 119"
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541:. Retrieved
537:the original
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512:. Retrieved
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471:. Retrieved
467:the original
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413:. Retrieved
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222:Compartments
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89:
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41:
37:
36:
533:www.cia.gov
463:www.cia.gov
259:SAP access
208:(S//SAR-MB)
854:Categories
624:2016-01-01
593:2016-01-01
568:2017-05-09
543:2019-06-01
514:2020-11-21
473:2019-06-01
444:2019-06-01
415:2019-06-01
382:References
356:Access to
235:Variations
152:Categories
144:, and the
719:F.A.S. -
317:The U.S.
312:President
44:) in the
724:Archived
615:Archived
587:Archived
562:Archived
508:Archived
438:Archived
409:Archived
365:See also
325:Examples
302:and the
266:de facto
192:codeword
245:(S//MB)
182:Marking
72:History
692:versa.
500:
290:, the
286:, the
58:COMSEC
618:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
116:Types
498:ISBN
261:ergo
122:USAP
42:SAPs
308:DoD
306:in
300:DoS
298:in
856::
613:.
585:.
560:.
531:.
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482:^
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210:.
165:CI
140:,
136:,
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571:.
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40:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.