143:
choice dissolves. Moreover, as the list of rights grows, so too does the legitimate role of political and legal institutions, and the libertarian case for radically limiting the scope and power of such institutions withers away. Libertarian theories of rights avoid generating an oppressive list of obligations through the employment of two crucial distinctions – the distinction between negative and positive rights and the distinction between general and special rights.
142:
A too-ready acceptance of alleged rights leads to an oppressive list of enforceable obligations. As the list of others' rights grows, each of us is subject to a growing burden made up of the obligations correlative to those rights; correspondingly the ability of rights to be protective of individual
45:
legislation with regard to ethnic, religious or sexual minorities or state recognition of marriage as a group with different taxation from those who are not married. However, the term has often been extended to include some policies that are only seeking simple equality, such as
125:
In some cases, such as those with social implications, the universal definition of rights also often conflict with other, often more regional or local, laws that require certain public standards or behavior based on cultural norms.
119:
30:
to refer to laws granting rights to one or more groups that are not extended to other groups. Ideas of special rights are controversial, as they clash with the principle of
103:
The basis behind the argument of the term is based on whether it should be considered just and legal for a law to treat various parties unequally. For example, in the
340:
363:
77:
have used the term to more narrowly refer to measures that extend existing rights for heterosexual couples to gays and lesbians, such as in the case of
273:
306:
373:
316:
122:. Both sides argue that the other side is or has traditionally been singled out and so the law is either needed or unnecessary.
483:
452:
155:
advocacy groups often contend that such protections confer no special rights, and describe these laws instead as protecting
498:
95:, with the same literal meaning, is used in senses like 'privileges', 'special legislations' or 'special exemptions'.
503:
488:
407:
493:
341:"Perkins Labels LGBT-Rights Initiative a 'Radical' Push for 'Special Rights for Homosexuals and Homosexuality'"
115:
31:
217:
74:
200:
108:
38:
111:
require that laws do not single out a single person or group of persons for specific treatment.
369:
312:
287:
279:
269:
253:
190:
179:
78:
62:
261:
152:
104:
85:
429:"Universality Versus Particularity? In The Light Of Epistemological Knowledge Of Norms"
257:
27:
477:
428:
245:
212:
185:
168:
156:
58:
23:
456:
241:
195:
265:
92:
173:
42:
291:
81:, or that include sexual orientation as a civil rights minority group.
395:
283:
159:, due to past conditions or legal privileges for specific groups.
47:
396:
Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen
Sprache. Accessed 2021-01-11
311:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 25.
408:"Constitution of the United States: Article 1, Section 9"
365:
God Hates Fags: The
Rhetorics of Religious Violence
50:rights, and some other civil rights movements.
37:Potential examples of special rights include
8:
130:Libertarianism on rights and special rights
84:The term is also used internationally. In
235:
233:
229:
16:Political rights given to some groups
7:
57:are closely aligned with notions of
250:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
136:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
14:
453:"Offensive Terminology to Avoid"
339:Tashman, Brian (12 March 2012).
362:Cobb, Michael (June 1, 2006).
1:
343:. People for the American Way
252:. Thousand Oaks, California:
22:is a term originally used by
308:Gay Rights At The Ballot Box
434:. United Nations University
520:
266:10.4135/9781412965811.n150
368:. NYU Press. p. 41.
148:Definition of minorities
455:. GLAAD. Archived from
116:equal protection clause
114:Another example is the
32:equality before the law
145:
484:Political terminology
140:
218:All-women shortlists
138:, Eric Mack states:
120:Fourteenth Amendment
75:social conservatives
305:Stone, Amy (2012).
260:. pp. 245–47.
242:"Individual rights"
240:Mack, Eric (2008).
207:Potential Examples:
107:the prohibition on
499:Affirmative action
427:Kucaradi, Ioanna.
201:Qualified immunity
196:Prerogative rights
109:bills of attainder
39:affirmative action
504:Identity politics
489:Libertarian terms
275:978-1-4129-6580-4
254:SAGE Publications
191:Marriage Equality
180:Homosexual agenda
79:same sex marriage
63:identity politics
511:
468:
467:
465:
464:
449:
443:
442:
440:
439:
433:
424:
418:
417:
415:
414:
404:
398:
393:
387:
386:
384:
382:
359:
353:
352:
350:
348:
336:
330:
329:
327:
325:
302:
296:
295:
237:
519:
518:
514:
513:
512:
510:
509:
508:
494:Equality rights
474:
473:
472:
471:
462:
460:
451:
450:
446:
437:
435:
431:
426:
425:
421:
412:
410:
406:
405:
401:
394:
390:
380:
378:
376:
361:
360:
356:
346:
344:
338:
337:
333:
323:
321:
319:
304:
303:
299:
276:
239:
238:
231:
226:
165:
153:Minority rights
150:
132:
105:US Constitution
101:
73:More recently,
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
517:
515:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
476:
475:
470:
469:
444:
419:
399:
388:
374:
354:
331:
317:
297:
274:
258:Cato Institute
246:Hamowy, Ronald
228:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
215:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
176:
171:
164:
161:
149:
146:
131:
128:
100:
99:Legal argument
97:
70:
67:
55:special rights
20:Special rights
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
516:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
479:
459:on 2006-03-01
458:
454:
448:
445:
430:
423:
420:
409:
403:
400:
397:
392:
389:
377:
375:9780814772669
371:
367:
366:
358:
355:
342:
335:
332:
320:
318:9780816675470
314:
310:
309:
301:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
236:
234:
230:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
181:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
162:
160:
158:
154:
147:
144:
139:
137:
129:
127:
123:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
98:
96:
94:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
68:
66:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
44:
40:
35:
33:
29:
25:
24:conservatives
21:
461:. Retrieved
457:the original
447:
436:. Retrieved
422:
411:. Retrieved
402:
391:
379:. Retrieved
364:
357:
345:. Retrieved
334:
322:. Retrieved
307:
300:
249:
213:Racial quota
206:
205:
186:Human rights
169:Civil Rights
157:equal rights
151:
141:
135:
133:
124:
113:
102:
90:Sonderrechte
89:
83:
72:
59:group rights
54:
53:Concepts of
52:
41:policies or
36:
28:libertarians
19:
18:
478:Categories
463:2006-05-30
438:2008-11-24
413:2008-11-24
284:2008009151
224:References
174:Homophobia
69:Other uses
43:hate crime
292:750831024
88:the term
381:June 10,
347:June 10,
324:June 10,
163:See also
248:(ed.).
118:in the
372:
315:
290:
282:
272:
86:German
432:(PDF)
244:. In
383:2013
370:ISBN
349:2013
326:2013
313:ISBN
288:OCLC
280:LCCN
270:ISBN
93:(de)
61:and
48:LGBT
26:and
262:doi
134:In
480::
286:.
278:.
268:.
256:,
232:^
65:.
34:.
466:.
441:.
416:.
385:.
351:.
328:.
294:.
264::
182:"
178:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.