983:, Spektr-R could be considered a deep-space mission. In fact, the gravitational pull of the Moon was expected to fluctuate the satellite's orbit in three-year cycles, with its apogee travelling between 265,000 and 360,000 kilometres (220,000 mi) from Earth and its perigee between 400 and 65,000 kilometres (250 and 40,390 mi). Each orbit would take RadioAstron around eight to nine days. This drift would vastly augment the telescope's range of vision. It was estimated that the satellite would have upwards of 80% of its potential targets within view at any one point in its orbit. The first 45 days of Spektr-R's orbit were scheduled to consist of engineering commissioning, that is, the launch of the main
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would communicate in four different bands of radio waves with the international ground telescopes. It can also locate sources from two frequencies simultaneously. The Spektr-R was also planned to include a secondary BMSV within the Plazma-F experiment, the goal of which was to measure the directions
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There was a science payload of opportunity on board, PLASMA-F, which consists of four instruments to observe solar wind and the outer magnetosphere. These instruments are the energetic particle spectrometer MEP-2, the magnetometer MMFF, the solar wind monitor BMSW, and the data collection and
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at its highest point and 20 times at its lowest. In comparison, the average distance from Earth to the Moon is 384,400 km (238,900 mi). As of 2018, the satellite has a much more stable orbit with a perigee of 57,000 km (35,000 mi) and an apogee of 320,000 km
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On 11 January 2019, the spacecraft stopped responding to ground control, but its science payload was described as "operational". The mission never recovered from the
January 2019 incident, and the mission was declared finished (and spacecraft operations ended) on 30 May 2019.
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leading developers of scientific space probes had completed a preliminary design of revolutionary, new-generation spacecraft, 1F and 2F. The main purpose of Spektr was to develop a common platform that could be used for future deep-space missions.
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On 11 January 2019, the spacecraft stopped responding to ground control. It was unknown whether the issue could be fixed, or whether the spacecraft's mission would be ended. With Spektr-R's status unknown and the problems hitting the
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The telescope was intended for radio-astrophysical observations of extragalactic objects with ultra-high resolution, as well as researching of characteristics of near-Earth and interplanetary plasma. The very high
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in Russia's Far East. Other Spektr-R joint observations would be handled by ground telescopes in
Arecibo, Badary, Effelsberg, Green Bank, Medicina, Noto, Svetloe, Zelenchukskaya and Westerbork.
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The external tank of the Fregat upper stage that delivered the Spektr-R observatory into orbit exploded on May 8, 2020, generating at least 65 trackable debris in orbit around Earth.
1032:. The radio receivers on Spektr-R were to be built in India and Australia. In earlier plans, two additional receivers were to be provided by firms under contract with the European
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Industrial
Commission commissioned an official decision (number 274) titled, "On works for creation of automated interplanetary vehicles for the exploration of planets of the
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1040:. These additional payloads were eventually cancelled, with the project citing old age. Similar Russian materials replaced the Indian and Australian instruments.
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1136:[The launch of the Russian scientific spacecraft "Spektr-R" successfully carried out from Baikonur]. Roscosmos. 18 July 2011. Archived from
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of the 1F seemed to have little issues navigating planetary probes, its accuracy was much below the standard requirements for a high-precision
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567:(200,000 mi), with its orbit no longer intersecting the Moon's orbit and being stable for possibly hundreds or even thousands of years.
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718:. The expectation was that the 1F and 2F spacecraft would follow the expectations of the RadioAstron mission (also known as Astron-2).
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satellite, the
Russian space program had no operational space observatories as of 12 January 2019. This changed with the launch of the
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Zelenyi, L. M.; Zastenker, G. N.; Petrukovich, A. A.; et al. (March 2013). "Plasma-F experiment onboard the Spectr-R satellite".
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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of 1.35–6.0, 18.0 and 92.0 cm. Once in space, the flower-like main dish was to open its 27 'petals' within 30 minutes.
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seemed to lack electrically driven fly-wheels, which critics believed would have increased its stabilization in space. The
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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model, designed originally to track incoming ballistic missiles. According to this plan, Oko-1 (a missile-watching
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would last at least nine years, with the RadioAstron never being in the Earth's shadow for more than two hours.
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reported that the BMSV instrument would indeed be on board. It was also reported that the BMSV would carry a
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Spektr-R at the integration and test complex of Launch Pad No.31, the
Baikonur Space Center in July 2011
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techniques. Another purpose of the project was to develop an understanding of fundamental issues of
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Weir, F. (2011, July 19). Russian telescope launch pulls national space program out of black hole.
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578:. This was accomplished by using the satellite in conjunction with ground-based observatories and
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At launch the mass of the spacecraft was 3,660 kg (8,070 lb). It was launched from the
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It was one of three competing
Spectrum missions, the others being Spektr X-Gamma and Spektr-UV
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1519:. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A261832961/OVIC?u=lom_waynesu&sid=summon&xid=eb748b48
1134:"Запуск российского научного космического аппарата "Спектр-Р" успешно осуществлен с Байконура"
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also failed to have a moveable solar panel system, which could track the position of the
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and the United States would jointly make observations with the RadioAstron spacecraft.
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530:. Together with some of the largest ground-based radio telescopes, the Spektr-R formed
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A selection of telescopes operating at wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum
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The main scientific goal of the mission was the study of astronomical objects with an
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of 390,000 km (240,000 mi), about 700 times the orbital height of the
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By the end of the 1980s, NPO Lavochkin
Designer General, Vyacheslav Kovtunenko
633:
was achieved in conjunction with a ground-based system of radio-telescopes and
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510:: Спектр-Р) was a Russian scientific satellite with a 10 m (33 ft)
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in the millimetre range. Both of these satellites incorporated rotating
522:, and was designed to perform research on the structure and dynamics of
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1961:
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803:, proposed to design all future astrophysics satellites on the current
555:
1531:
1476:"Новости. "Спектр-Р": миссия закончена, обработка данных продолжается"
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1981:
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811:) would eventually be replaced with scientific instruments where the
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792:, a highly sensitive star-tracking operating system and fly wheels.
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2220:
Special
Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science
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1194:"Russian Zenit-2 launches Fobos-Grunt – Battle on to save mission"
1111:. RadioAstron Science and Technical Operations Group. 29 July 2015
1075:
973:
965:
923:
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had completed technical blueprints for RadioAstron, a space-based
351:
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998:, Russia. Flight control would be operated by ground stations in
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780:. The new technical proposals submitted in mid-1984 included a
776:". This document outlined a new impetus for the development of
754:
to reposition, eventually disrupting the observations process.
722:
Early on, many criticized the 1F platform for its questionable
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830:
804:
747:
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hoped to use the designs of the 1F as the standard design for
214:
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baselines extending up to 350,000 km (220,000 mi).
972:
340,000 kilometres (210,000 mi) away. The operational
1458:"Spektr-R: Russia's only space telescope 'not responding'"
937:
and intensity of solar wind. In May 2011, the news agency
901:, it was anticipated that ground telescopes in Australia,
1168:"Russian satellite on mission to peer inside black holes"
1878:
Combined Array for
Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
617:, an international network of observatories led by the
948:
The RadioAstron was expected to extend into a highly
681:
The mission was declared as finished on 30 May 2019.
133:
Achieved: 7 years, 10 months, 11 days
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987:, various systems checks and communications tests.
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964:) would be 500 kilometres (310 mi) above the
5517:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
1982:Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network
1272:"Russia launches 'biggest-ever' space telescope"
1187:
1185:
1301:"Status of the RadioAstron project development"
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
514:on board. It was launched on 18 July 2011 on a
1868:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
5595:
4798:
2701:
2569:
1552:
1295:
1293:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
990:Spektr-R's tracking was to be handled by the
726:missions, even when compared to the older 4V
8:
1858:Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
32:
1652:500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
979:With its apogee as far as the orbit of the
865:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
613:Spektr-R was one of the instruments in the
5602:
5588:
5580:
5129:
4931:
4805:
4791:
4783:
2727:
2708:
2694:
2686:
2576:
2562:
2554:
1639:
1559:
1545:
1537:
932:The RadioAstron satellite's main 10-metre
692:At the beginning of the 1980s, one of the
95:
31:
5483:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
885:Learn how and when to remove this message
558:of 10,000 km (6,200 mi) and an
1972:Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
1809:Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory
1086:
738:. To add to 1F's technical issues, the
656:launch vehicle, which is composed of a
652:on 18 July 2011 at 02:31 UTC by a
546:The Spektr-R project was funded by the
2473:Cosmic microwave background radiation
2210:Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory
1932:Large Latin American Millimeter Array
1504:Richard.A short history of space VLBI
7:
2538:
2186:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
2080:Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
1506:.University of Manchester, 2012, p6
1020:The Spektr-R project was led by the
863:adding citations to reliable sources
5527:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
2178:Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
1365:. NASA. 10 May 2011. Archived from
1359:"Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures"
1192:Graham, William (8 November 2011).
426:24 February 2016, 23:21:29 UTC
356:338,541.5 km (210,360 mi)
326:180,974.7 km (112,452 mi)
122:http://www.asc.rssi.ru/radioastron/
4960:(incorporated into Salyut program)
2012:Northern Extended Millimeter Array
960:launch. Spektr-R's closest point (
25:
4739:List of proposed space telescopes
3425:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1848:Australia Telescope Compact Array
1670:Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
1613:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
1270:Woollacott, Emma (19 July 2011).
899:very-long-baseline interferometry
550:of Russia, and was launched into
5569:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
4888:
4767:
4766:
2537:
2528:
2527:
1338:Russian Space Research Institute
1309:Russian Space Research Institute
1050:
835:
346:10,651.6 km (6,619 mi)
42:
5532:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
3646:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
1902:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
1770:UTR-2 decameter radio telescope
1166:Clark, Stephen (18 July 2011).
506:(part of RadioAstron program) (
2002:Northern Cross Radio Telescope
1838:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
1334:Russian Space Science Internet
1305:Russian Space Science Internet
433:
107:
1:
5478:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
4749:List of heliophysics missions
1330:"RadioAstron Mission – Orbit"
750:without requiring the entire
574:up to a few millionths of an
184:2,500 kg (5,512 lb)
176:3,660 kg (8,069 lb)
5018:Soviet crewed lunar programs
2452:Gravitational-wave astronomy
2030:Primeval Structure Telescope
235:Baikonur Cosmodrome Pad 45/1
6481:Spacecraft launched in 2011
5078:International Space Station
4729:Great Observatories program
2364:Christiaan Alexander Muller
2230:Vermilion River Observatory
2138:Algonquin Radio Observatory
1603:Astronomical interferometer
1391:. Roscosmos. Archived from
1106:"RadioAstron User Handbook"
1022:Russian Academy of Sciences
760:On 1 August 1983, VPK, the
6517:
4220:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1704:Large Millimeter Telescope
1274:. TG Daily. Archived from
623:Lebedev Physical Institute
468:4.22 m (13.8 ft)
78:Russian Astro Space Center
6456:
5558:
4886:
4824:
4772:Category:Space telescopes
4762:
2523:
1992:Murchison Widefield Array
1912:Green Bank Interferometer
1736:RATAN-600 Radio Telescope
1619:Astronomical radio source
1517:Christian Science Monitor
1436:10.1134/S0010952513020093
1030:Lebedev Physics Institute
945:counter made in Germany.
897:Using a technique called
815:would be pointed towards
635:interferometrical methods
484:
480:
447:
443:
291:
287:
254:
250:
192:
188:
141:
137:
61:
41:
5564:Space industry of Russia
4734:List of space telescopes
2202:Onsala Space Observatory
2194:Nançay Radio Observatory
2170:Jodrell Bank Observatory
2070:Very Long Baseline Array
1746:Sardinia Radio Telescope
1363:Solar System Exploration
678:satellite in July 2019.
645:processing unit SSNI-2.
554:on 18 July 2011, with a
6329:Mars Science Laboratory
5086:Russian Orbital Segment
2432:Submillimetre astronomy
2044:Australia, South Africa
1896:Event Horizon Telescope
905:, China, India, Japan,
784:designated to register
732:attitude control system
631:angular resolving power
4060:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
2154:Green Bank Observatory
2040:Square Kilometre Array
1246:"Spektr-R Radioastron"
929:
688:History of the project
564:Hubble Space Telescope
526:within and beyond the
476:92, 18, 6, 1.3 cm
460:10 m (33 ft)
4818:Russian space program
3681:Space Solar Telescope
2447:High-energy astronomy
2334:Sebastian von Hoerner
1942:Long Wavelength Array
1888:European VLBI Network
1828:Allen Telescope Array
1728:Qitai Radio Telescope
968:'s surface, with its
927:
301:Reference system
146:Spacecraft properties
6501:Satellites of Russia
5618:Orbital launches in
4880:Vostochny Cosmodrome
4754:List of planetariums
3656:NRO donation to NASA
2515:Solar radio emission
2304:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
2162:Haystack Observatory
1696:Green Bank Telescope
1680:Effelsberg Telescope
1140:on 21 September 2015
859:improve this section
827:Observing techniques
5505:Veterok and Ugolyok
4872:Svobodny Cosmodrome
4867:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
4845:Baikonur Cosmodrome
4450:(Mission completed)
2732:Radio and Microwave
2586:space observatories
2488:Pulsar timing array
2294:Edward George Bowen
2284:Elizabeth Alexander
2146:Arecibo Observatory
2050:Submillimeter Array
1952:Low-Frequency Array
1922:Korean VLBI Network
1788:Southern Hemisphere
1699:(West Virginia, US)
1532:RadioAstron website
1428:2013CosRe..51...73Z
994:radio telescope in
782:gamma-ray telescope
650:Baikonur Cosmodrome
615:RadioAstron program
594:, the structure of
520:Baikonur Cosmodrome
392:Argument of perigee
205:18 July 2011, 02:31
38:
5551:(1997 documentary)
5543:(1995 documentary)
5540:Out of the Present
5473:List of cosmonauts
5450:Images and artwork
5390:Deep Space Network
5037:(Mars/Venus flyby)
4387:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
4212:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
4196:Mikhailo Lomonosov
4044:Hinotori (Astro-A)
3651:New Worlds Mission
2627:Mikhailo Lomonosov
2468:Aperture synthesis
2437:Infrared astronomy
2374:Joseph Lade Pawsey
2344:Kenneth Kellermann
2314:Nan Dieter-Conklin
2022:One-Mile Telescope
1801:Parkes Observatory
1490:"Spektr-R mission"
1464:. 12 January 2019.
1369:on 7 November 2011
1225:. 19 February 2016
1219:"Spektr-R – Orbit"
1058:Spaceflight portal
1026:Astro Space Center
930:
809:infrared telescope
671:Mikhailo Lomonosov
619:Astro Space Center
600:interstellar space
572:angular resolution
548:Astro Space Center
296:Orbital parameters
209:2011-07-18UTC02:31
6468:
6467:
5854:GSAT-8 / INSAT-4G
5577:
5576:
5500:Belka and Strelka
5490:Soviet space dogs
5352:Sputnik programme
5340:
5339:
5273:
5228:
5207:
5186:
5117:
5116:
5082:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
4986:
4973:
4961:
4925:Human spaceflight
4876:
4853:
4780:
4779:
4678:SIM & SIMlite
4052:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
4012:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
3571:Astro-1 Telescope
3389:
3388:
2683:
2682:
2551:
2550:
2493:Radio propagation
2442:Optical astronomy
2339:Karl Guthe Jansky
2149:(Puerto Rico, US)
2124:
2123:
1916:West Virginia, US
1665:(Puerto Rico, US)
1662:Arecibo Telescope
1395:on 15 August 2013
1170:. Spaceflight Now
895:
894:
887:
802:
664:-SB upper stage.
501:
500:
315:Highly elliptical
267:Equipment failure
131:Planned: 5 years
27:Russian satellite
16:(Redirected from
6508:
6491:Space telescopes
6486:Radio telescopes
6315:Shiyan Weixing 4
6252:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6203:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5581:
5522:Cosmonauts Alley
5385:Luch (satellite)
5271:
5243:
5226:
5205:
5184:
5130:
5080:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5012:
4984:
4971:
4959:
4932:
4892:
4874:
4847:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4784:
4770:
4769:
4569:
4565:Hitomi (Astro-H)
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4470:
4462:
4451:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3299:or unclassified)
3289:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3044:Hinode (Solar-B)
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2935:Hinode (Solar-B)
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2858:
2850:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2728:
2717:Space telescopes
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2671:
2663:
2650:
2631:
2623:
2604:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2541:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2508:HD 164595 signal
2483:Odd radio circle
2461:Related articles
2379:Ruby Payne-Scott
2309:Arthur Covington
2299:Ronald Bracewell
2269:
2261:
2253:
2234:
2225:
2215:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2116:
2106:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2060:Very Large Array
2055:
2045:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1936:Argentina/Brazil
1927:
1917:
1907:
1892:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1778:Yevpatoria RT-70
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1712:Lovell Telescope
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1640:
1629:Radio telescopes
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1198:NASA Spaceflight
1189:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1102:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1036:Consortium, the
1008:
950:elliptical orbit
890:
883:
879:
876:
870:
839:
831:
805:Oko-1 spacecraft
796:
708:space telescopes
698:
590:. This included
436:
435:
342:Perigee altitude
212:
210:
197:Start of mission
128:Mission duration
109:
100:
99:
93:
46:
39:
21:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6452:
6448:Globalstar M092
6444:Globalstar M090
6440:Globalstar M086
6436:Globalstar M084
6432:Globalstar M082
6428:Globalstar M080
6348:
6265:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6230:
6224:
6216:Galileo-IOV FM2
6212:Galileo-IOV FM1
6199:
6188:Megha-Tropiques
6157:
6138:Atlantic Bird 7
6093:
6002:
5964:Globalstar M089
5960:Globalstar M081
5956:Globalstar M085
5952:Globalstar M091
5948:Globalstar M088
5944:Globalstar M083
5906:
5858:
5807:
5752:
5712:
5689:Johannes Kepler
5666:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5578:
5573:
5554:
5461:
5457:Mission patches
5445:
5394:
5336:
5291:
5247:
5241:
5125:
5113:
5097:
5066:
4998:
4927:
4919:
4898:Launch vehicles
4893:
4884:
4833:
4820:
4811:
4781:
4776:
4758:
4744:X-ray telescope
4717:
4599:Constellation-X
4572:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4473:
4468:
4460:
4449:
4448:
4442:
4437:
4435:Yokoh (Solar-A)
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4403:Tenma (Astro-B)
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4164:LISA Pathfinder
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4020:HALCA (MUSES-B)
4014:
4006:
3998:
3996:Ginga (Astro-C)
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3715:Akari (Astro-F)
3709:
3695:
3552:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3385:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3298:
3297:Other (particle
3292:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
2998:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2848:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2719:
2714:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2661:
2648:
2634:
2629:
2621:
2607:
2602:
2588:
2582:
2552:
2547:
2519:
2456:
2424:
2418:
2404:Gart Westerhout
2272:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2237:
2232:
2223:
2213:
2212:(PRAO ASC LPI,
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2120:
2114:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2073:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1890:
1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1821:Interferometers
1816:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1762:Usuda Telescope
1756:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1644:
1631:
1623:
1593:Radio telescope
1570:
1568:Radio astronomy
1565:
1528:
1523:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1416:Cosmic Research
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1278:on 15 July 2018
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1250:RussianSpaceWeb
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1088:
1084:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1002:
934:radio telescope
891:
880:
874:
871:
856:
840:
829:
762:Soviet Military
730:. Although the
721:
716:radio telescope
696:
690:
637:, operating at
592:star formations
544:
532:interferometric
512:radio telescope
497:
496:
489:
431:
352:Apogee altitude
322:Semi-major axis
283:11 January 2019
208:
206:
132:
94:
89:
69:Radio telescope
49:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6514:
6512:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6496:2011 in Russia
6493:
6488:
6483:
6473:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6461:Crewed flights
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6425:
6418:
6413:
6406:
6401:
6379:Pléiades-HR 1A
6376:
6371:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6326:
6321:
6312:
6305:
6296:
6287:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6256:Progress M-13M
6253:
6218:
6209:
6204:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6088:Progress M-12M
6084:
6077:
6072:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5971:
5966:
5941:
5936:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:Progress M-11M
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5847:
5842:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5803:Progress M-10M
5800:
5791:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5693:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5657:Progress M-09M
5654:
5649:
5644:
5642:Elektro-L No.1
5638:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5625:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5584:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5548:Mission to Mir
5544:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5512:Ivan Ivanovich
5509:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5348:
5346:
5345:Communications
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5299:
5297:
5296:In development
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5236:
5230:
5221:
5215:
5212:Resurs-DK No.1
5209:
5200:
5194:
5188:
5182:Phobos program
5179:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5152:Luna programme
5149:
5143:
5136:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5102:In development
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5021:(Moon landing)
5015:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4929:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4463:
4454:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3876:Compton (CGRO)
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3808:
3803:ASCA (Astro-D)
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Hypertelescope
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:Fresnel Imager
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3221:Max Valier Sat
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3157:HXMT (Insight)
3154:
3149:Einstein Probe
3146:
3138:
3133:Chandra (AXAF)
3130:
3121:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2864:constellation
2859:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2651:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2603:(2019–present)
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Interferometry
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Bernard Lovell
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:John G. Bolton
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2257:ESA New Norcia
2254:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2064:New Mexico, US
2057:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1946:New Mexico, US
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1885:
1882:California, US
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1832:California, US
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1796:(South Africa)
1790:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1733:
1725:
1720:Ooty Telescope
1717:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1667:
1659:
1648:
1646:
1637:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1526:External links
1524:
1522:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1481:
1467:
1449:
1406:
1380:
1350:
1321:
1289:
1262:
1244:Zak, Anatoly.
1236:
1210:
1181:
1151:
1122:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1045:
1042:
1000:Medvezhi Ozera
958:Zenit rocket's
943:micrometeoroid
893:
892:
843:
841:
834:
828:
825:
728:spacecraft bus
689:
686:
580:interferometry
543:
540:
518:launcher from
499:
498:
491:
490:
487:Spektr program
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
470:
469:
466:
462:
461:
458:
454:
453:
452:Main telescope
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
428:
427:
424:
418:
417:
416:0.1126 rev/day
414:
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
394:
388:
387:
384:
378:
377:
374:
368:
367:
364:
358:
357:
354:
348:
347:
344:
338:
337:
334:
328:
327:
324:
318:
317:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
265:
261:
260:
259:End of mission
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
203:
199:
198:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
102:
101:
87:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6513:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6462:
6455:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6410:Soyuz TMA-03M
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6360:Compass-IGSO5
6358:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Chuang Xin 1C
6316:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:GLONASS-M 742
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6133:IGS Optical 4
6131:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6081:Shijian XI-04
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6005:
5999:
5998:Shijian XI-02
5996:
5994:
5993:Compass-IGSO4
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5939:Tianlian I-02
5937:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5919:
5918:Shijian XI-03
5916:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5871:Soyuz TMA-02M
5868:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5781:Resourcesat-2
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:Compass-IGSO3
5769:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5628:
5624:
5613:
5605:
5600:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Baikal-Angara
5404:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:(begun 1957)
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5218:Koronas-Foton
5216:
5213:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5016:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4773:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4555:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4526:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4436:
4433:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4395:Taiyo (SRATS)
4393:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4202:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4181:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3922:
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3914:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
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3817:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3796:
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3780:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
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3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
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3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
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3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
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3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3546:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3481:Solar-C EUVST
3479:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3370:Solar Orbiter
3368:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3084:Solar Orbiter
3082:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2748:Solar Orbiter
2746:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2544:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2414:Robert Wilson
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Govind Swarup
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:John D. Kraus
2352:
2350:
2349:Frank J. Kerr
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Antony Hewish
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2130:Observatories
2127:
2112:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2081:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1688:Galenki RT-70
1686:
1681:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1389:"RadioAstron"
1384:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1224:
1223:Heavens Above
1220:
1214:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:state of the
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
935:
926:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
889:
886:
878:
868:
864:
860:
854:
853:
849:
844:This section
842:
838:
833:
832:
826:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
800:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
719:
717:
713:
712:NPO Lavochkin
709:
705:
704:NPO Lavochkin
701:
695:
687:
685:
682:
679:
677:
673:
672:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
541:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
524:radio sources
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
495: →
494:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
429:
425:
423:
419:
415:
413:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
323:
319:
316:
313:
309:
306:
303:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
216:
204:
200:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
167:NPO Lavochkin
165:
161:
158:
155:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
110:
103:
98:
92:
88:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
37:
30:
19:
6460:
6420:
6408:
6404:NigComSat-1R
6309:Soyuz TMA-22
6307:
6183:Eutelsat 16A
6114:Zhongxing-1A
6086:
6079:
6075:Ekspress-AM4
6050:NigeriaSat-X
6046:NigeriaSat-2
5987:
5922:
5869:
5828:
5765:Soyuz TMA-21
5763:
5723:
5695:
5688:
5546:
5538:
5324:
5232:
5176:Vega program
5164:Zond program
5013:(Moon flyby)
5010:Zond (7K-L1)
4969:Soyuz-Apollo
4862:Kapustin Yar
4838:Launch sites
4620:
4603:
4447:Hibernating
4370:
4199:(2016–2019?)
3742:(1962, 1964)
3641:Nano-JASMINE
3465:NEO Surveyor
3381:(since 2006)
3373:(since 2020)
3365:(since 1995)
3357:(since 2019)
3349:(since 2017)
3341:(since 2008)
3333:(since 2015)
3325:(since 2015)
3317:(since 2011)
3309:(since 1997)
3288:(since 1999)
3280:(since 2024)
3272:(since 2023)
3264:(since 2022)
3256:(since 2012)
3248:(since 2017)
3240:(since 2018)
3232:(since 2009)
3224:(since 2017)
3216:(since 2004)
3208:(since 2024)
3200:(since 2019)
3192:(since 2021)
3184:(since 2020)
3176:(since 2008)
3168:(since 2002)
3160:(since 2017)
3152:(since 2024)
3144:(since 2015)
3136:(since 1999)
3128:(since 2015)
3103:(since 2004)
3095:(since 2006)
3087:(since 2020)
3079:(since 2008)
3071:(since 1995)
3063:(since 2010)
3055:(since 2013)
3047:(since 2006)
3039:(since 2021)
3031:(since 2015)
3023:(since 2022)
3015:(since 2023)
2994:(since 2018)
2986:(since 2004)
2978:(since 2008)
2970:(since 1995)
2962:(since 2010)
2954:(since 2001)
2946:(since 2013)
2938:(since 2006)
2930:(since 1990)
2922:(since 2005)
2914:(since 2013)
2906:(since 2021)
2898:(since 2023)
2890:(since 2015)
2882:(since 2019)
2874:(since 2021)
2866:(since 2013)
2857:(since 2015)
2849:(since 2018)
2828:(since 2009)
2820:(since 2008)
2812:(since 2001)
2804:(since 2022)
2783:(since 2024)
2775:(since 1994)
2767:(since 2018)
2759:(since 2006)
2751:(since 2020)
2743:(since 2018)
2618:
2423:Astronomy by
2384:Arno Penzias
2324:Cyril Hazard
2110:
1966:South Africa
1757:(Uzbekistan)
1597:Radio window
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1422:(2): 73–77.
1419:
1415:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:the original
1362:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1304:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1172:. Retrieved
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1113:. Retrieved
1019:
989:
978:
947:
931:
915:South Africa
896:
881:
875:October 2014
872:
857:Please help
845:
819:rather than
794:
790:solar panels
774:cosmic space
766:Solar System
759:
756:
724:astrophysics
720:
702:
691:
683:
680:
669:
666:
647:
643:
627:
614:
612:
584:astrophysics
569:
545:
536:
503:
502:
486:
465:Focal length
402:Mean anomaly
376:12769.93 min
332:Eccentricity
280:Last contact
181:Payload mass
163:Manufacturer
66:Mission type
35:
29:
6374:IGS Radar 3
6339:Kosmos 2478
6290:Fobos-Grunt
6285:Kosmos 2477
6281:Kosmos 2476
6277:Kosmos 2475
6196:VesselSat-1
6178:Intelsat 18
6169:Kosmos 2474
6119:Kosmos 2473
6066:AprizeSat-6
6062:AprizeSat-5
6037:Hai Yang 2A
5897:Kosmos 2472
5887:ChinaSat 10
5845:Telstar 14R
5729:Explorer-1
5708:Kosmos 2471
5678:Kosmos 2470
5652:Kounotori 2
5235:(2011–2019)
5224:Fobos-Grunt
5214:(2006-2016)
5199:(1990-1992)
5193:(1989-1998)
5187:(1988-1989)
5178:(1984-1987)
5172:(1983-1991)
5166:(1964–1970)
5160:(1961–1985)
5154:(1958–1976)
5148:(1972–1996)
5142:(1961–1982)
4982:Shuttle–Mir
4857:Dombarovsky
4560:(2014–2015)
4512:(2012–2013)
4478:Lost/Failed
4469:(1998–2010)
4461:(1998–2005)
4438:(1991–2001)
4430:(2001–2010)
4414:(1970–1973)
4406:(1983–1985)
4398:(1975–1980)
4390:(2005–2015)
4382:(2003–2020)
4374:(2011–2019)
4366:(1979–1985)
4358:(1975–1979)
4350:(1972–1973)
4342:(1992–2004)
4334:(1995–2012)
4326:(1990–1999)
4318:(2002–2018)
4310:(1983–1984)
4302:(2009–2013)
4286:(2006–2016)
4215:(1972–1981)
4207:(1968–1973)
4191:(1996–1997)
4183:(2003–2019)
4175:(2015–2017)
4167:(2015–2017)
4159:(1997–2002)
4151:(1990–2001)
4143:(2009–2018)
4135:(1996–2004)
4127:(1978–1996)
4119:(1996–1998)
4111:(1995–1996)
4087:(1989–1993)
4079:(2000–2008)
4071:(1979–1981)
4063:(1978–1982)
4055:(2013–2023)
4047:(1981–1991)
4039:(2009–2013)
4031:(1977–1979)
4023:(1997–2005)
4015:(1979–1985)
4007:(1989–1998)
3999:(1987–1991)
3991:(1990–1992)
3983:(2003–2013)
3975:(1987–2001)
3967:(1999–2007)
3959:(1992–2001)
3951:(1983–1986)
3940:Explorer 11
3911:(2017–2019)
3903:(1989–1993)
3895:(1975–1982)
3887:(2006–2013)
3879:(1991–2000)
3871:(2003–2008)
3863:(1996–2003)
3855:(1974–1976)
3847:(1983–1991)
3806:(1993–2000)
3798:(1973–1974)
3790:(2017–2019)
3782:(1979–1982)
3774:(1974–1980)
3766:(1971–1972)
3758:(1967–1969)
3734:(1962–1972)
3726:(1993–2005)
3718:(2006–2011)
3710:(2007–2024)
3004:Ultraviolet
2630:(2016–2019)
2622:(2011–2019)
2503:Wow! signal
2394:Martin Ryle
2389:Grote Reber
2319:Frank Drake
2260:(Australia)
2094:Space-based
2084:Netherlands
1956:Netherlands
1926:South Korea
1804:(Australia)
1754:Suffa RT-70
1502:Schilizzi,
1343:28 February
1314:28 February
1229:19 February
1003: [
939:RIA Novosti
786:radio waves
710:. In 1982,
639:wavelengths
608:dark matter
604:black holes
552:Earth orbit
473:Wavelengths
432:Revolution
412:Mean motion
362:Inclination
275:30 May 2019
231:Launch site
202:Launch date
173:Launch mass
57:RadioAstron
6475:Categories
6422:Meridian 5
6303:Tian Xun-1
6261:Shenzhou 8
6226:AubieSat-1
6153:QuetzSat 1
6148:Tiangong-1
6124:Arabsat 5C
6027:JCSAT-110R
5819:Meridian 4
5562:See also:
5416:Mars-Grunt
5378:Sputnik 99
5373:Sputnik 41
5029:(moonbase)
4850:Kazakhstan
4419:Vanguard 3
3731:Alouette 1
3576:AstroSat-2
3285:XMM-Newton
2801:James Webb
2425:EM methods
1645:telescopes
1643:Individual
1373:6 November
1082:References
913:, Russia,
778:satellites
744:spacecraft
740:spacecraft
305:Geocentric
241:Contractor
6416:Ziyuan-1C
6344:Yaogan 13
6333:Curiosity
6324:AsiaSat 7
6299:Yaogan 12
6294:Yinghuo-1
6098:September
6032:Paksat-1R
5929:Raffaello
5794:Yahsat 1A
5421:Mercury-P
5411:Laplace-P
5368:Sputnik 3
5363:Sputnik 2
5358:Sputnik 1
5332:Spektr-UV
5303:Luna-Glob
5287:Spektr-RG
5264:Elektro–L
5003:Cancelled
4875:(defunct)
4829:Roscosmos
4622:Eddington
4577:Cancelled
4084:Hipparcos
3497:Spektr-UV
3354:Mini-EUSO
3346:ISS-CREAM
3197:Spektr-RG
3117:Gamma-ray
3012:Aditya-L1
2903:Hayabusa2
2780:Queqiao 2
2724:Operating
2654:Gamma-400
2646:Spektr-UV
2600:Spektr-RG
2409:Paul Wild
2242:Multi-use
2222:(SAORAS,
1996:Australia
1984:(MERLIN,
1976:Australia
1862:Australia
1852:Australia
1781:(Ukraine)
1773:(Ukraine)
1683:(Germany)
1444:121404840
1255:15 August
1071:Spektr-UV
1066:Spektr-RG
1015:Ussuriysk
996:Pushchino
846:does not
813:satellite
752:satellite
736:telescope
676:Spektr-RG
588:cosmology
576:arcsecond
528:Milky Way
493:Spektr-RG
245:Roscosmos
157:Navigator
91:2011-037A
85:COSPAR ID
33:Spektr-R
6353:December
6270:November
6207:ViaSat-1
6143:TacSat-4
6019:Astra 1N
5988:Spektr-R
5978:KazSat-2
5798:New Dawn
5785:YouthSat
5702:Leonardo
5671:February
5436:Venera-D
5431:Spektr-M
5399:Concepts
5326:Kazachok
5282:Resurs-P
5277:Meteor-M
5242:(failed)
5233:Spektr-R
5227:(failed)
5206:(failed)
5185:(failed)
5126:programs
4928:programs
4673:Sentinel
4371:Spektr-R
4307:RELIKT-1
4148:Kristall
4036:Herschel
3860:BeppoSAX
3621:JEM-EUSO
3616:iWF-MAXI
3558:Proposed
3521:LiteBIRD
3513:Spektr-M
3237:MinXSS-2
3165:INTEGRAL
3028:Astrosat
2854:Astrosat
2793:Infrared
2667:Spektr-M
2619:Spektr-R
2584:Russian
2533:Category
2369:Jan Oort
2268:(Canada)
2252:(Canada)
2205:(Sweden)
2197:(France)
2141:(Canada)
2111:Spektr-R
1954:(LOFAR,
1934:(LLAMA,
1891:(Europe)
1880:(CARMA,
1870:(CHIME,
1860:(ASKAP,
1707:(Mexico)
1691:(Russia)
1575:Concepts
1462:BBC News
1203:1 August
1174:1 August
1144:1 August
1115:1 August
1044:See also
658:Zenit-2M
654:Zenit-3F
596:galaxies
542:Overview
516:Zenit-3F
504:Spektr-R
457:Diameter
336:0.905900
272:Declared
264:Disposal
225:Zenit-3F
74:Operator
36:Спектр-Р
18:Spektr R
6399:ELISA 4
6395:ELISA 3
6391:ELISA 2
6387:ELISA 1
6369:Luch 5A
6244:M-Cubed
6162:October
6109:GRAIL-B
6105:GRAIL-A
6023:BSAT-3c
5983:USA-232
5969:GSAT-12
5924:STS-135
5902:USA-231
5882:Rasad 1
5830:STS-134
5824:USA-230
5776:USA-229
5748:USA-227
5743:USA-226
5733:KySat-1
5697:STS-133
5683:USA-225
5647:USA-224
5635:January
5466:Related
5318:Luna 28
5313:Luna 27
5308:Luna 26
5272:(joint)
5269:ExoMars
5239:Luna 25
5203:Mars 96
5146:Prognoz
5123:Robotic
5081:(joint)
4990:Energia
4985:(joint)
4972:(joint)
4947:Voskhod
4722:Related
4633:FINESSE
4611:Destiny
4594:Astro-G
4557:Tsubame
4549:Astro-E
4525:ABRIXAS
4379:Spitzer
4363:Solwind
4315:R/HESSI
4275:Orion 2
4267:Orion 1
3972:Kvant-1
3868:CHIPSat
3831:Astro-2
3811:Astro-1
3787:ASTERIA
3779:Ariel 6
3771:Ariel 5
3763:Ariel 4
3755:Ariel 3
3747:Ariel 2
3739:Ariel 1
3700:Retired
3691:THESEUS
3676:Solar-D
3671:PhoENiX
3516:(2030+)
3473:JASMINE
3441:Xuntian
3409:SPHEREx
3394:Planned
2943:NEOSSat
2838:Optical
2764:Queqiao
2639:Planned
2593:Current
2543:Commons
2082:(WSRT,
2072:(VLBA,
2032:(PaST,
1974:(MOST,
1962:MeerKAT
1904:(GMRT,
1850:(ATCA,
1840:(ALMA,
1793:HartRAO
1765:(Japan)
1749:(Italy)
1731:(China)
1723:(India)
1654:(FAST,
1607:History
1581:Units (
1424:Bibcode
1399:18 July
1282:19 July
1028:of the
985:antenna
962:perigee
952:in the
919:Ukraine
867:removed
852:sources
660:with a
621:of the
556:perigee
508:Russian
396:244.85°
207: (
118:Website
106:SATCAT
6365:Amos-5
6238:DICE-2
6232:DICE-1
6192:SRMSAT
6058:EduSAT
6042:Sich 2
6007:August
5933:PSSC-2
5835:AMS-02
5737:Hermes
5627:2012 →
5612:← 2010
5259:Bion-M
5252:Active
5244:(2023)
5229:(2011)
5220:(2009)
5208:(1996)
5191:Granat
5170:Astron
5158:Venera
5071:Active
5062:Kliper
5047:Zvezda
5042:Spiral
5026:Zvezda
4952:Salyut
4942:Vostok
4910:Proton
4905:Angara
4814:Soviet
4698:TAUVEX
4605:Darwin
4584:Aelita
4568:(2016)
4552:(2000)
4544:(1999)
4536:(1996)
4533:HETE-1
4528:(1999)
4520:(1965)
4504:(1976)
4496:(1970)
4488:(1966)
4422:(1959)
4339:SAMPEX
4299:Planck
4294:(2018)
4291:PicSat
4283:PAMELA
4278:(1973)
4270:(1971)
4172:MinXSS
4140:Kepler
4103:(1983)
4095:(2024)
4076:HETE-2
4068:HEAO-3
4028:HEAO-1
4004:Granat
3948:EXOSAT
3943:(1961)
3935:(2010)
3927:(2008)
3919:(1993)
3908:CXBN-2
3844:Astron
3839:(1995)
3814:(1990)
3750:(1964)
3723:ALEXIS
3631:LUVOIR
3581:EXCEDE
3548:(2035)
3540:(2035)
3537:Athena
3532:(2033)
3524:(2032)
3508:(2030)
3500:(2030)
3492:(2029)
3484:(2028)
3476:(2028)
3468:(2027)
3460:(2027)
3452:(2027)
3444:(2026)
3436:(2026)
3428:(2026)
3420:(2026)
3417:K-EUSO
3412:(2025)
3404:(2025)
3401:PETREL
3378:STEREO
3314:AMS-02
3277:XPoSat
3253:NuSTAR
3092:STEREO
3036:Hibari
2927:Hubble
2919:HiRISE
2895:Euclid
2887:DSCOVR
2879:CHEOPS
2756:STEREO
2675:OZIRIS
2670:(2030)
2662:(2030)
2649:(2030)
2277:People
2224:Russia
2214:Russia
2115:Russia
2062:(VLA,
2052:(SMA,
2042:(SKA,
2016:France
1994:(MWA,
1944:(LWA,
1924:(KVN,
1914:(GBI,
1872:Canada
1830:(ATA,
1740:Russia
1672:(CSO,
1615:(VLBI)
1587:jansky
1442:
1011:Moscow
970:apogee
954:Fregat
911:Mexico
768:, the
697:'s
662:Fregat
560:apogee
386:67.28°
372:Period
366:42.46°
311:Regime
221:Rocket
213:
6250:RAX-2
6201:Jugnu
6128:SES-2
6070:BPA-2
6054:RASAT
5974:SES-3
5877:SAC-D
5839:ELC-3
5789:X-Sat
5757:April
5725:Glory
5717:March
5495:Laika
5441:Sfera
5426:OPSEK
5197:Gamma
5093:Soyuz
5052:Zarya
4994:Buran
4957:Almaz
4915:Soyuz
4693:SPOrt
4688:SPICA
4668:OSO K
4663:OSO J
4517:OSO C
4501:CORSA
4493:OAO-B
4485:OAO-1
4466:TRACE
4411:Uhuru
4355:SAS-C
4347:SAS-B
4323:ROSAT
4260:OSO 8
4255:OSO 7
4250:OSO 6
4245:OSO 5
4240:OSO 4
4235:OSO 3
4230:OSO B
4225:OSO 1
4204:OAO-2
4156:LEGRI
4092:ILO-X
3988:Gamma
3980:GALEX
3932:EPOXI
3924:EPOCh
3892:Cos-B
3884:CoRoT
3819:BBXRT
3707:AGILE
3686:THEIA
3661:ORBIS
3611:ILO-1
3596:HabEx
3591:FOCAL
3566:Arcus
3529:Taiji
3489:ARIEL
3433:PLATO
3330:DAMPE
3322:CALET
3269:XRISM
3245:NICER
3213:Swift
3181:GECAM
3173:Fermi
3141:DAMPE
3125:CALET
3113:X-ray
3100:Swift
3076:SOLAR
3020:ASO-S
2983:Swift
2975:SOLAR
2871:CHASE
2862:BRITE
2817:SOLAR
2105:Japan
2101:HALCA
2034:China
2006:Italy
1906:India
1898:(EHT)
1842:Chile
1656:China
1440:S2CID
1109:(PDF)
1076:HALCA
1009:near
1007:]
992:RT-22
974:orbit
966:Earth
907:Korea
903:Chile
821:Earth
817:space
422:Epoch
406:3.07°
113:37755
54:Names
6383:SSOT
6014:Juno
5911:July
5863:June
5850:ST-2
5661:Kedr
5620:2011
5133:Past
5109:Orel
5057:MAKS
4935:Past
4848:(in
4816:and
4713:XIPE
4708:XEUS
4683:SNAP
4658:LOFT
4653:JDEM
4638:GEMS
4628:FAME
4616:EChO
4589:AOSO
4541:WIRE
4509:CXBN
4458:SWAS
4427:WMAP
4331:RXTE
4180:MOST
4132:IXAE
4108:IRTS
4100:IRAS
3964:FUSE
3956:EUVE
3900:COBE
3636:Lynx
3626:LUCI
3545:LISA
3505:UVEX
3457:LORD
3449:COSI
3362:SOHO
3338:IBEX
3261:LEIA
3229:MAXI
3205:SVOM
3189:IXPE
3115:and
3068:SOHO
3052:IRIS
2991:TESS
2967:SOHO
2951:Odin
2911:Gaia
2825:WISE
2809:Odin
2772:Wind
2740:NCLE
2612:Past
2498:SETI
2265:PARL
2249:DRAO
2233:(US)
2189:(US)
2181:(UK)
2173:(UK)
2165:(US)
2157:(US)
2025:(UK)
1812:(NZ)
1715:(UK)
1634:List
1585:and
1583:watt
1401:2011
1375:2011
1345:2008
1316:2008
1284:2011
1257:2011
1231:2016
1205:2015
1176:2015
1146:2015
1117:2015
1034:VLBI
1013:and
981:Moon
850:any
848:cite
772:and
770:Moon
694:USSR
606:and
586:and
382:RAAN
6221:NPP
6107:,
5812:May
5691:ATV
5034:TMK
4977:Mir
4964:TKS
4703:TPF
4648:IXO
4643:HOP
4188:MSX
4124:IUE
4116:ISO
3916:DXS
3852:ANS
3835:HUT
3824:HUT
3795:ATM
3666:OST
3601:HWO
3306:ACE
3060:SDO
2959:SDO
2846:Aoi
1432:doi
1038:EVN
1024:'s
861:by
748:Sun
439:197
434:no.
215:UTC
152:Bus
108:no.
6477::
6446:,
6442:,
6438:,
6434:,
6430:,
6397:,
6393:,
6389:,
6385:,
6381:,
6367:,
6317:,
6301:,
6292:,
6283:,
6279:,
6247:,
6241:,
6235:,
6229:,
6223:,
6214:,
6198:,
6194:,
6190:,
6171:/
6126:,
6068:,
6064:,
6060:,
6056:,
6052:,
6048:,
6044:,
6021:,
5976:,
5962:,
5958:,
5954:,
5950:,
5946:,
5931:,
5852:,
5837:,
5796:,
5787:,
5783:,
5735:,
5731:,
5727:,
5140:DS
4992:/
4962:/
3837:)
2660:)
2658:ru
2074:US
2054:US
1986:UK
1674:US
1460:.
1438:.
1430:.
1420:51
1418:.
1361:.
1336:.
1332:.
1307:.
1303:.
1292:^
1248:.
1221:.
1196:.
1184:^
1154:^
1125:^
1089:^
1005:ru
917:,
909:,
823:.
799:ru
625:.
610:.
602:,
598:,
6335:)
6331:(
6025:/
5935:)
5927:(
5841:)
5833:(
5704:)
5700:(
5663:)
5659:(
5603:e
5596:t
5589:v
4852:)
4806:e
4799:t
4792:v
3833:(
2709:e
2702:t
2695:v
2656:(
2577:e
2570:t
2563:v
2226:)
2216:)
2117:)
2113:(
2107:)
2103:(
2086:)
2076:)
2066:)
2056:)
2046:)
2036:)
2018:)
2014:(
2008:)
2004:(
1998:)
1988:)
1978:)
1968:)
1964:(
1958:)
1948:)
1938:)
1928:)
1918:)
1908:)
1884:)
1874:)
1864:)
1854:)
1844:)
1834:)
1742:)
1738:(
1676:)
1658:)
1636:)
1632:(
1609:)
1605:(
1599:)
1595:(
1589:)
1560:e
1553:t
1546:v
1492:.
1478:.
1446:.
1434::
1426::
1403:.
1377:.
1347:.
1318:.
1286:.
1259:.
1233:.
1207:.
1178:.
1148:.
1119:.
888:)
882:(
877:)
873:(
869:.
855:.
801:)
797:(
211:)
20:)
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