468:
to see in some individuals. Along each side and directly behind the eyes, a narrow, dark-edged, yellow-brown postocular stripe crosses the temple and fades out near the base of the head. In the occipital region, on top of the head behind the eyes, an almost oval-shaped, dark-edged, yellow-brown bar stretches from one side of the head to the other and sometimes connects with the postocular stripes. The dark brown scales on the dorsal side cross over to the ventral side (underside) and fade out, although many scales retain dark edges. The ventral side is light grey or cream. The tail is mostly yellowish-brown with occasional clusters or short lines of darker scales. The gular (throat) pattern has faint to bold lines of light scales running
207:
484:
456:
42:
86:
61:
314:. At most, it weighs 0.15 g (0.0053 oz). There are several stripes or bars of lighter colouration behind the eyes and at the top of the neck that help distinguish it. There are no differences in colouration between males and females, although females are slightly larger in size. Its tail will regenerate when broken off. Little is known about its population size or its biology.
497:
flattened. On the underside of the tail, the scales are smooth, rounded, and enlarged towards the centre of the tail (mid-ventrally). The ventral scales are rounded, smooth, cycloid (have a smooth outer edge), and imbricate. The scales on the ventral caudal (head) scales are smooth, cycloid, and enlarged mid-ventrally.
730:
purposes. Biologists, conservationists, and the general public quickly voiced concerns over the impact that would have on the native species of the island. In particular, people feared that the lemurs would wipe out the local population of Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaeros, which was referred to as “one
682:
to prevent desiccation and loses water at a rate similar to that of lizards from mesic habitats. From size differences alone, it loses water 70% faster than the larger and sympatric big-scaled least gecko. It survives instead by inhabiting humid microhabitats in its dry environment, by adjusting its
467:
Typically, the species has a deep brown colouration on the dorsal side and legs, often with a scattering or a fine pattern of interconnected darker scales. The species has a preocular transverse bar (a line of coloured scales in front of the eyes at the base of the snout), although this can be hard
695:
Too little data has been gathered to assess the population size and trend of the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero. It has been reported as “moderately common”, although difficult to find because of its size and ability to blend into its surroundings. Its distribution across the British Virgin Islands
739:
agreed that caution was needed with the introduction, even before the plans to introduce the lemurs were announced. Regarding the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero, Branson stated that the concerns were misplaced because lemurs mostly eat plant material and would rarely eat geckos if at all. However,
581:
has a pattern of dark lateral stripes and dorsal spotting on a tan or light brown ground color with a boldly black-edged pair of scapular spots (females) or a nearly uniform yellow-brown body color, weak or absent scapular pattern, and contrasting head pattern of black vermiculations on a grey
496:
neck, while the scales on the middle of the neck are keeled, acute, flattened, and imbricate. In the middle of the back, there is some crowding and size reduction in the scales, and none of these scales are granular. On the dorsal side of the tail, the scales are acute, keeled, imbricate, and
564:
usually has a crescent-shaped pattern on its head that touches the postocular stripes, instead of an oval-shaped pattern that may or may not reach the stripes. Also, its postocular stripes run the length of its body and tail instead of ending on the neck. The dorsolateral stripes of
479:
in this species (the sexes do not differ in colour), although females may be larger than males, with the SVL of females averaging 18 mm (0.71 in), but only 16 mm (0.63 in) in males. The snout is moderate in length and blunt. The tail regenerates if broken off.
740:
Branson ultimately backed down, stating, “I will keep the lemurs enclosed whilst we get experts to conduct further surveys on geckos and particularly the dwarf geckos. If these studies indicate any real risk to these geckos, we will keep the lemurs enclosed.”
445:
length or SVL) of 18 mm (0.71 in) and a maximum body mass of 0.15 g (0.0053 oz), but ranging as low as 0.043 g (0.0015 oz) and averaging 0.117 g (0.0041 oz). The only known amniote that is smaller is the closely related
1290:
677:
that results from its diminutive size, the species was thought to be susceptible to water loss, so it has been studied to understand how it survives in its semi-arid habitat. Unlike desert-dwelling lizards, the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero lacks special
527:
from Puerto Rico is both bulkier and larger than the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero, measuring 20 to 22 mm (0.8 to 0.9 in) from snout to vent. It also differs in the size of its dorsal scales, which is reflected in scale count comparisons.
516:, or plate-like scales that provide traction for geckos. The escutcheons (scales around the genital region) are relatively small and only slightly extend onto the thighs, varying from three to five scales in length and 11 to 13 scales in width.
1233:
379:) side; a generally uniform dark colouration of the dorsal side, a lack of granular scales on the mid-dorsal area, and a lack of colouration patterns around the shoulders (scapular region) and the pelvis (sacral region).
576:
The big-scaled least gecko is significantly larger than the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero, measuring 25 to 30 mm (0.98 to 1.18 in) from snout to vent. It also has larger, coarser scales. According to Thomas,
1286:
491:
The dorsal scales are generally small, acute, keeled, imbricate, and flattened, while the throat and pectoral (chest) scales are keeled. Granular (bumpy) scales are found on the top of the head and the
1229:
657:) with which it shares its range. Also unlike the big-scaled least gecko, they do not "swarm" in the leaf litter, but are only uncommonly found hiding under rocks, which are considered moist or
2753:
1260:
731:
of the world’s rarest lizards”, because of the lemurs’ “aggressive, omnivorous” behaviour. Other researchers instead focused on concerns about the lemurs’ ability to thrive or the
2811:
2801:
302:
The Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero has a deep brown colour on its upper side, often with a speckling of darker scales. On average, it measures 18 mm (0.71 in) from its
512:. There are two to three (usually three) scales from the upper lip to the eye (upper labials). On the fourth toe of the right foot, there are eight or nine (usually eight)
598:. Its range is sometimes estimated to encompass the entire British Virgin Islands, although the original expedition by Thomas did not find any specimens on Tortola,
2670:
2709:
1808:
1447:
1346:
2786:
2644:
971:
2683:
500:
The count of dorsal scales, from axilla (armpit) to groin, averages 32 with a range of 30 to 35. The ventral count from axilla to groin along the
1316:
687:
so that hatchlings emerge during the time of year with the highest precipitation, and by reducing activity during the driest parts of the day.
1698:
1482:
1256:
504:
averages 28 scales and ranges from 26 to 29. The scales around the midbody average approximately 52 and range from 50 to 55. There are two
1388:
291:), which is found in leaf litter. Unlike this larger gecko, the Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero lives on drier hillsides, yet prefers moist
2806:
1665:
673:
As with other dwarf sphaeros, little is known about the ecology and behaviour of the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero. Because of its high
2796:
1801:
1742:
611:
2330:
607:
65:
2596:
736:
615:
322:
The Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero, also referred to as the Virgin Islands dwarf gecko, was discovered in the summer of 1964 by
2253:
2225:
2050:
326:
196:
2688:
85:
2491:
2106:
573:
have a pattern on the scapular (shoulder) region consisting of two small pale dots encompassed by small regions of black.
367:), it is characterised not only by its small body size, but also by a distinctive scale colouration pattern on its head,
2379:
2113:
2092:
1882:
1794:
674:
634:
603:
2344:
2141:
2022:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1712:
1408:
2714:
1342:
2519:
2435:
2414:
2386:
2267:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2120:
2029:
2008:
1917:
2533:
2512:
2498:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2365:
2302:
2295:
2211:
2176:
2127:
2001:
1987:
1924:
623:
460:
437:(which includes 23,000 species of reptiles, birds, and mammals), with an average body size (measured as the
406:
311:
1518:
2791:
2484:
2393:
2372:
2351:
2337:
2288:
2246:
2239:
2155:
2015:
1973:
1966:
487:
A yellow-brown stripe extends behind the eyes and over each temple, and then fades out at the base of the head.
388:
271:
2526:
2540:
2470:
2463:
2421:
2400:
2309:
2281:
2260:
2183:
2169:
2134:
2099:
2085:
2071:
2036:
1980:
1931:
1903:
1889:
448:
345:, MCZ 77211, was an adult female collected on 12 August 1964 on a hillside above Pond Bay. A total of eight
2558:
2505:
2428:
2323:
2148:
1910:
1647:
650:
334:
284:
254:
226:
975:
641:
and thorny scrub—on rocky hillsides. It has been found at sea level, although not on the beach among the
2358:
2274:
2232:
2162:
2078:
2043:
1994:
1938:
1896:
727:
684:
544:, and its ventral scales from axilla to groin range from 21 to 26, which is still less than 26 to 29 in
180:
269:(also spelled “Mosquito Island”). It was discovered in 1964 and is suspected to be a close relative of
2631:
2610:
2605:
1312:
618:. Its distribution is considered unusual because despite being separated from its closest relative,
569:
converge to make a dark-edged U- or Y-shaped pattern in the sacral (pelvic) region. The majority of
483:
455:
41:
2064:
1652:
50:
1467:
2477:
1563:
1530:
1522:
708:
452:, which measures 16 mm (0.63 in) and weighs a maximum of 0.14 g (0.0049 oz).
422:
250:
80:
299:
necessary for preventing water loss, which is a significant problem due to its small body size.
2675:
1373:
206:
2735:
2701:
2618:
1738:
1732:
1704:
1694:
1501:
LĂłpez-Ortiz, R.; Lewis, A. R. (2002). "Seasonal abundance of hatchlings and gravid females of
1468:"At the lower size limit in amniote vertebrates: a new diminutive lizard from the West Indies"
1439:
513:
509:
476:
147:
2740:
2763:
2748:
2407:
1657:
1633:"Conservation of amphibians and reptiles in the British Virgin Islands: Status and patterns"
1632:
1617:
1588:
1555:
1514:
1431:
1423:
723:
697:
662:
376:
17:
2722:
1819:
704:
595:
501:
368:
353:
276:
266:
157:
757:
2780:
2696:
1592:
766:
658:
646:
70:
1567:
1534:
703:
In early 2011, the Virgin
Islands dwarf sphaero gained international attention when
2623:
2218:
1786:
590:
Originally found only on the island of Virgin Gorda, it has since been reported on
330:
258:
2657:
2590:
505:
401:
280:
2581:
1661:
630:), has a geographic range that includes both islands, yet it has not diverged.
2057:
1868:
1622:
1601:
1427:
1343:"Richard Branson to create sanctuary for lemurs - 8,000 miles from their home"
719:
679:
372:
296:
1708:
1443:
1287:"Sir Richard Branson's 'eco-island' plans hit by row over non-native lemurs"
493:
323:
97:
2727:
1766:
1685:
560:, on average. In terms of colouration, both species are very similar, but
469:
2575:
1850:
1838:
732:
346:
338:
137:
117:
552:
typically has one internasal scale versus the two more commonly seen in
2649:
1844:
1526:
715:
642:
599:
591:
434:
292:
262:
127:
1435:
2662:
1856:
1832:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
638:
442:
349:
were collected on Virgin Gorda and used to describe the new species.
307:
107:
2552:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
540:
has only 34 to 42 scales around the midbody compared to 50 to 55 in
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
1862:
1600:
Nava, S. S.; Lindsay, C. R.; Henderson, R. W.; Powell, R. (2001).
1559:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1146:
1144:
1142:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
711:
482:
454:
438:
361:
357:
303:
246:
911:
909:
410:, divides these two closely related populations, suggesting that
2636:
2556:
1790:
896:
894:
892:
433:
The Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero is one of the smallest known
938:
936:
1542:
LĂłpez-Ortiz, R.; Lewis, A. R. (2004). "Habitat selection by
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
1519:
10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0276:SAOHAG]2.0.CO;2
1257:"Billionaire Branson to release lemurs on Caribbean island"
1230:"Branson retreats in row over lemurs plan for 'eco-island'"
1752:
Thomas, R. (1965). "A new gecko from the Virgin Islands".
1579:(Reptilia: Gekkonidae), the smallest amniote vertebrate".
1181:
404:, is very small. The geographic range of another species,
1775:
Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences
1192:
1190:
953:
951:
582:
ground color or unicolor yellow or orange heads (male)."
532:
has 19 to 24 dorsal scales from axilla to groin, whereas
459:
The Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero is nearly as small as a
329:
during a collecting trip along the dry, wooded slopes of
1117:
1115:
1113:
1602:"Microhabitat, activity, and density of a dwarf gecko (
879:
877:
875:
873:
371:
that are small but keeled (having a central ridge) and
1280:
1278:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1693:. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
1336:
1334:
1754:
Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences
1374:"The herpetology of Anegada, British Virgin Islands"
2565:
1546:(Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico".
633:The Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero appears to favour
1104:
1781:(6). Gainesville: University of Florida: 193–260.
829:
645:litter or in piles of rotting palm debris in the
1150:
915:
1771:(Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region"
1407:Heatwole, H.; Levins, R.; Byer, M. D. (1981).
1092:
1027:
900:
735:they might introduce. The leader of Branson's
1802:
8:
2812:Taxa named by Richard Thomas (herpetologist)
1169:
942:
927:
382:Despite striking differences in appearance,
2802:Endemic fauna of the British Virgin Islands
852:
2553:
1809:
1795:
1787:
1734:Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies
974:. National Geographic News. Archived from
972:"Smallest known lizard found in Caribbean"
556:. The escutcheons are also larger in male
400:, the smallest endemic sphaerodactylid in
205:
59:
40:
31:
1687:Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories
1684:Procter, D.; Fleming, L. V, eds. (1999).
1651:
1621:
1581:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
1575:MacLean, W. (1985). "Water-loss rates of
253:. It has only been found on three of the
1731:Schwartz, A.; Henderson, R. W. (1991).
1409:"Biogeography of the Puerto Rican Bank"
1208:
1196:
957:
748:
602:, or other smaller islands, nor in the
295:found under rocks because it lacks the
1737:. Gainesville: University of Florida.
1121:
1080:
1068:
1056:
988:
883:
864:
1133:
622:in Puerto Rico, another species, the
7:
649:, like the more abundant and larger
1394:from the original on 1 October 2011
767:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1466:Hedges, S. B.; Thomas, R. (2001).
1453:from the original on 26 March 2012
1315:. Duke University. 22 April 2011.
970:Trivedi, B. P. (3 December 2001).
25:
1765:Thomas, R.; Schwartz, A. (1966).
1671:from the original on 1 April 2011
1631:Perry, G.; Gerber, G. P. (2006).
1488:from the original on 30 June 2011
1293:from the original on 21 July 2011
2787:IUCN Red List endangered species
1718:from the original on 4 July 2011
1349:from the original on 23 May 2011
1319:from the original on 2 June 2011
1263:from the original on 10 May 2011
1236:from the original on 4 June 2011
1105:Heatwole, Levins & Byer 1981
722:—to Moskito Island as part of a
520:Comparisons with related species
251:smallest terrestrial vertebrates
84:
1255:Zielinski, S. (19 April 2011).
737:environmental impact assessment
661:microhabitats within their dry
508:and one to three (usually two)
386:may be most closely related to
283:. It shares its range with the
1313:"Sir Richard's possible folly"
1285:Harrison, D. (16 April 2011).
310:, and is nearly as small as a
1:
1341:Carroll, R. (18 April 2011).
830:Schwartz & Henderson 1991
35:Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero
2611:Sphaerodactylus_parthenopion
2597:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
2567:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
1593:10.1016/0300-9629(85)90479-7
1577:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
1505:in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico".
1475:Caribbean Journal of Science
1381:Caribbean Journal of Science
1151:LĂłpez-Ortiz & Lewis 2004
916:LĂłpez-Ortiz & Lewis 2002
760:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
675:surface-area-to-volume ratio
604:United States Virgin Islands
343:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
242:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
217:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
190:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
18:Sphaerodactylus parthenopion
1606:) on Anguilla, West Indies"
1228:Harrison, D. (7 May 2011).
352:Classified as a species of
2828:
2807:Reptiles described in 1965
1662:10.1163/157075406778116203
1093:Procter & Fleming 1999
1028:Thomas & Schwartz 1966
901:Thomas & Schwartz 1966
279:from the nearby island of
237:Virgin Islands dwarf gecko
1877:
1827:
1623:10.1163/15685380152770417
1428:10.5479/si.00775630.251.1
696:seems to be limited, and
635:dry (xeric) scrub forests
624:Puerto Rican crested toad
213:
204:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2797:Lizards of the Caribbean
1544:Sphaerodactylus nicholsi
1503:Sphaerodactylus nicholsi
1170:Hedges & Thomas 2001
943:Hedges & Thomas 2001
928:Hedges & Thomas 2001
756:Platenberg, R. (2017) .
586:Distribution and habitat
272:Sphaerodactylus nicholsi
233:Virgin Gorda least gecko
1416:Atoll Research Bulletin
853:Perry & Gerber 2006
774:: e.T75605613A115489476
700:may affect it further.
396:in the Virgin Islands,
214:General distribution of
1604:Sphaerodactylus parvus
1507:Journal of Herpetology
651:big-scaled least gecko
488:
464:
392:. Like the diminutive
335:British Virgin Islands
285:big-scaled least gecko
255:British Virgin Islands
227:British Virgin Islands
1372:Carey, W. M. (1972).
1259:. Smithsonian Media.
669:Ecology and behaviour
486:
458:
554:S. parthenopion
546:S. parthenopion
542:S. parthenopion
536:has 30 to 35. Also,
534:S. parthenopion
416:S. parthenopion
394:S. parthenopion
384:S. parthenopion
249:and also one of the
172:S. parthenopion
2331:S. perissodactylius
1640:Applied Herpetology
1172:, pp. 172–173.
1071:, pp. 119–120.
1059:, pp. 118–119.
1030:, pp. 247–248.
867:, pp. 117–118.
707:announced plans to
705:Sir Richard Branson
477:sexual dichromatism
51:Conservation status
685:reproductive cycle
655:S. macrolepis
637:—often mixed with
579:S. macrolepis
489:
465:
289:S. macrolepis
245:) is a species of
27:Species of reptile
2774:
2773:
2736:Open Tree of Life
2559:Taxon identifiers
2550:
2549:
2254:S. nigropunctatus
2226:S. millepunctatus
2051:S. elasmorhynchus
1817:Species of genus
1700:978-1-86107-502-4
1610:Amphibia-Reptilia
1345:. Guardian News.
1289:. The Telegraph.
1232:. The Telegraph.
628:Peltophryne lemur
510:internasal scales
412:S. townsendi
407:S. townsendi
222:
221:
148:Sphaerodactylidae
74:
16:(Redirected from
2819:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2731:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2614:
2613:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2554:
2492:S. streptophorus
2219:S. micropithecus
2107:S. goniorhynchus
1811:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1761:
1748:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1692:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1655:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1596:
1571:
1538:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1481:(3–4): 168–173.
1472:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1378:
1365:Literature cited
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1225:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1182:Nava et al. 2001
1179:
1173:
1167:
1154:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1031:
1025:
992:
986:
980:
979:
978:on 29 June 2011.
967:
961:
955:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
913:
904:
898:
887:
881:
868:
862:
856:
850:
833:
827:
784:
783:
781:
779:
753:
724:captive breeding
663:ecological niche
620:S. nicholsi
571:S. nicholsi
567:S. nicholsi
562:S. nicholsi
558:S. nicholsi
550:S. nicholsi
538:S. nicholsi
530:S. nicholsi
525:S. nicholsi
420:S. nicholsi
398:S. nicholsi
389:S. nicholsi
209:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2792:Sphaerodactylus
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2723:Observation.org
2721:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2630:
2622:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2561:
2551:
2546:
2380:S. richardsonii
2317:S. parthenopion
2114:S. graptolaemus
2093:S. gilvitorques
1883:S. altavelensis
1873:
1823:
1820:Sphaerodactylus
1815:
1785:
1769:Sphaerodactylus
1764:
1751:
1745:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1701:
1690:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1635:
1630:
1599:
1574:
1541:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1411:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1157:
1149:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1034:
1026:
995:
987:
983:
969:
968:
964:
956:
949:
941:
934:
926:
922:
914:
907:
899:
890:
882:
871:
863:
859:
851:
836:
828:
787:
777:
775:
755:
754:
750:
746:
693:
671:
596:Mosquito Island
588:
522:
502:midventral line
449:S. ariasae
431:
365:Sphaerodactylus
320:
215:
200:
194:
188:
175:
159:Sphaerodactylus
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2745:
2732:
2719:
2706:
2693:
2680:
2667:
2654:
2641:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2587:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2142:S. intermedius
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2079:S. fantasticus
2075:
2068:
2065:S. elegantulus
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2023:S. darlingtoni
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1960:S. callocricus
1956:
1953:S. caicosensis
1949:
1946:S. bromeliarum
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1784:
1783:
1762:
1749:
1743:
1728:
1699:
1681:
1653:10.1.1.571.246
1646:(3): 237–256.
1628:
1616:(4): 455–464.
1597:
1587:(4): 759–761.
1572:
1554:(4): 438–444.
1539:
1513:(2): 276–280.
1498:
1463:
1404:
1387:(1–2): 79–89.
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1330:
1304:
1274:
1247:
1213:
1211:, p. 760.
1201:
1199:, p. 761.
1186:
1184:, p. 456.
1174:
1155:
1153:, p. 438.
1138:
1126:
1124:, p. 121.
1109:
1097:
1085:
1083:, p. 120.
1073:
1061:
1032:
993:
991:, p. 119.
981:
962:
960:, p. 759.
947:
945:, p. 172.
932:
930:, p. 168.
920:
918:, p. 276.
905:
903:, p. 248.
888:
886:, p. 118.
869:
857:
855:, p. 243.
834:
832:, p. 522.
785:
747:
745:
742:
692:
689:
670:
667:
587:
584:
521:
518:
430:
427:
414:evolved after
375:on its upper (
327:Richard Thomas
319:
316:
267:Moskito Island
220:
219:
211:
210:
202:
201:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2824:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:S. underwoodi
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:S. scapularis
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:S. samanensis
2412:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:S. roosevelti
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2268:S. nycteropus
2265:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:S. microlepis
2209:
2207:
2206:
2205:S. mariguanae
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:S. macrolepis
2195:
2193:
2192:
2191:S. lineolatus
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2121:S. heliconiae
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:S. difficilis
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2009:S. cricoderus
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:S. armstrongi
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1760:(1): 117–122.
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1744:9780813010496
1740:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:10.1655/03-84
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Herpetologica
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1136:, p. 87.
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:, p. 49.
1106:
1101:
1098:
1095:, p. 50.
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
985:
982:
977:
973:
966:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
924:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
880:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
858:
854:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
786:
773:
769:
768:
763:
761:
752:
749:
743:
741:
738:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
706:
701:
699:
690:
688:
686:
681:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:littoral zone
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
580:
574:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
519:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
495:
485:
481:
478:
473:
471:
462:
457:
453:
451:
450:
444:
440:
436:
428:
426:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
359:
355:
354:dwarf sphaero
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
293:microhabitats
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:dwarf sphaero
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
230:
229:dwarf sphaero
228:
218:
212:
208:
203:
198:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2754:parthenopion
2566:
2539:
2534:S. williamsi
2532:
2525:
2518:
2513:S. townsendi
2511:
2504:
2499:S. thompsoni
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2457:S. semasiops
2455:
2450:S. schwartzi
2448:
2443:S. schuberti
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2366:S. rhabdotus
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2303:S. pacificus
2301:
2296:S. oxyrhinus
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2177:S. leucaster
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2128:S. homolepis
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2002:S. corticola
2000:
1993:
1988:S. cochranae
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1925:S. asterulus
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1818:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1757:
1753:
1733:
1720:. Retrieved
1686:
1673:. Retrieved
1643:
1639:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1478:
1474:
1455:. Retrieved
1419:
1415:
1396:. Retrieved
1384:
1380:
1351:. Retrieved
1321:. Retrieved
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1265:. Retrieved
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1209:MacLean 1985
1204:
1197:MacLean 1985
1177:
1129:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
984:
976:the original
965:
958:MacLean 1985
923:
860:
776:. Retrieved
771:
765:
759:
751:
728:conservation
726:project for
714:—endangered
702:
694:
691:Conservation
672:
654:
632:
627:
619:
612:Saint Thomas
589:
578:
575:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
523:
499:
490:
475:There is no
474:
466:
447:
432:
419:
415:
411:
405:
397:
393:
387:
383:
381:
364:
351:
342:
331:Virgin Gorda
321:
301:
288:
270:
259:Virgin Gorda
241:
240:
236:
232:
225:
223:
216:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
2658:iNaturalist
2591:Wikispecies
2527:S. vincenti
2485:S. storeyae
2478:S. sputator
2394:S. rosaurae
2373:S. richardi
2352:S. ramsdeni
2345:S. plummeri
2338:S. pimienta
2289:S. omoglaux
2247:S. nicholsi
2240:S. monensis
2156:S. klauberi
2016:S. cryphius
1974:S. cinereus
1967:S. celicara
1867:Subfamily:
1675:17 February
1122:Thomas 1965
1081:Thomas 1965
1069:Thomas 1965
1057:Thomas 1965
989:Thomas 1965
884:Thomas 1965
865:Thomas 1965
698:development
680:adaptations
608:Saint Croix
429:Description
402:Puerto Rico
297:adaptations
281:Puerto Rico
2781:Categories
2541:S. zygaena
2471:S. sommeri
2464:S. shrevei
2422:S. savagei
2408:S. sabanus
2401:S. ruibali
2310:S. parkeri
2282:S. oliveri
2261:S. notatus
2184:S. levinsi
2170:S. lazelli
2135:S. inaguae
2100:S. glaucus
2086:S. gaigeae
2072:S. epiurus
2058:S. elegans
2037:S. docimus
1981:S. clenchi
1932:S. beattyi
1904:S. ariasae
1890:S. argivus
1869:Gekkoninae
1863:Gekkonidae
1857:Lacertilia
1855:Suborder:
1436:10088/4969
1134:Carey 1972
744:References
720:Madagascar
616:Saint John
506:postnasals
66:Endangered
2506:S. torrei
2429:S. scaber
2324:S. parvus
2149:S. kirbyi
1911:S. armasi
1831:Kingdom:
1648:CiteSeerX
1353:1 October
733:pathogens
709:introduce
470:laterally
461:U.S. dime
373:imbricate
356:or dwarf
347:paratypes
324:biologist
312:U.S. dime
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2702:75605613
2676:10365444
2582:Q2286634
2576:Wikidata
2359:S. randi
2275:S. ocoae
2233:S. molei
2163:S. ladae
2044:S. dunni
1995:S. copei
1939:S. becki
1897:S. argus
1861:Family:
1851:Squamata
1845:Reptilia
1839:Chordata
1837:Phylum:
1833:Animalia
1713:Archived
1709:44147511
1666:Archived
1568:84773848
1535:86077127
1483:Archived
1448:Archived
1444:33148490
1422:: 1–63.
1389:Archived
1347:Archived
1317:Archived
1291:Archived
1261:Archived
1234:Archived
716:primates
514:lamellae
494:anterior
435:amniotes
423:diverged
339:holotype
318:Taxonomy
144:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2741:4122991
2715:2608862
2650:2445202
2637:1055328
1849:Order:
1843:Class:
1722:29 June
1527:1566001
1492:28 June
1457:28 June
1398:28 June
1323:29 June
1297:2 April
1267:29 June
1240:2 April
778:5 March
643:seaweed
600:Anegada
592:Tortola
333:in the
306:to its
263:Tortola
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2764:205258
2761:uBio:
2728:103321
2689:819265
1741:
1707:
1697:
1650:
1566:
1533:
1525:
1442:
712:lemurs
614:, and
377:dorsal
369:scales
337:. The
265:, and
199:, 1965
197:Thomas
2671:IRMNG
2663:33679
2624:4YQ9B
1716:(PDF)
1691:(PDF)
1669:(PDF)
1636:(PDF)
1564:S2CID
1531:S2CID
1523:JSTOR
1486:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1412:(PDF)
1392:(PDF)
1377:(PDF)
718:from
659:mesic
639:cacti
439:snout
362:genus
358:gecko
304:snout
247:gecko
235:, or
2710:NCBI
2697:IUCN
2684:ITIS
2645:GBIF
1739:ISBN
1724:2011
1705:OCLC
1695:ISBN
1677:2010
1494:2011
1459:2011
1440:OCLC
1400:2011
1355:2014
1325:2011
1299:2018
1269:2011
1242:2018
780:2019
772:2016
594:and
443:vent
418:and
341:for
308:vent
275:, a
224:The
2632:EoL
2619:CoL
2606:ADW
1658:doi
1618:doi
1589:doi
1556:doi
1515:doi
1432:hdl
1424:doi
1420:251
606:of
2783::
2751::
2749:RD
2738::
2725::
2712::
2699::
2686::
2673::
2660::
2647::
2634::
2621::
2608::
2593::
2578::
1779:10
1777:.
1773:.
1758:28
1756:.
1711:.
1703:.
1664:.
1656:.
1642:.
1638:.
1614:22
1612:.
1608:.
1585:82
1583:.
1562:.
1552:60
1550:.
1529:.
1521:.
1511:36
1509:.
1479:37
1477:.
1473:.
1446:.
1438:.
1430:.
1418:.
1414:.
1385:12
1383:.
1379:.
1333:^
1277:^
1216:^
1189:^
1158:^
1141:^
1112:^
1035:^
996:^
950:^
935:^
908:^
891:^
872:^
837:^
788:^
770:.
764:.
665:.
610:,
548:.
472:.
425:.
261:,
257::
231:,
1810:e
1803:t
1796:v
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1747:.
1726:.
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1660::
1644:3
1626:.
1620::
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1591::
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1357:.
1327:.
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1271:.
1244:.
782:.
762:"
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653:(
626:(
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441:–
360:(
287:(
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73:)
20:)
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