550:
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821:
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121:
56:
42:
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as a domestic bird for its song and appearance. They do not require specific care and adapt well to captivity, although they do not breed well in captivity. There are no specific diseases that affect the species, although they can show certain intestinal pathologies associated with a poor diet. They
472:. This could be explained by a number of factors, such as spatial variability of individuals in breeding areas between years, the large overwintering area which supports a constant genetic interchange, and females having a number of clutches of eggs in one breeding season, each in a different place.
684:
They are very active and restless birds. They are also very social, forming small cohesive flocks especially in autumn and winter. They are fairly trusting of humans, it being possible to observe them from a short distance. During the breeding season, however, they are much more timid, solitary and
831:
Pairs are generally formed during the winter period before migration. The males compete aggressively for the females. As part of the courtship the male plumps up the feathers of the pileus and rump, making itself bigger, extending the tail and singing repeatedly. They also make mating flights from
387:
pattern as every few years in winter they migrate southwards in large numbers. The reasons for this behaviour are not known but may be related to climatic factors and above all the availability of food. In this way overwintering populations can thrive where food is abundant. This small finch is an
379:
It can be distinguished from other similar finches by the colour of the plumage. The upper parts are greyish green and the under parts grey-streaked white. Its wings are black with a conspicuous yellow wing bar, and the tail is black with yellow sides. The male has a mainly yellow face and breast,
689:
which says that siskins guard a magic stone in their nests that makes them invisible. It is one of the few species which has been described as exhibiting "allofeeding"' behavior, this is where subordinates (of the same sex) regurgitate food for the dominant members of the group, which creates a
530:
and on the sides of the breast, green tones in the mantle and yellow in the rump. The ground colour of the underparts of the
Eurasian siskin is normally pure white. In females and juveniles, the centre of the belly and lower breast are often largely or entirely unstreaked. The wingbars of the
1029:, mentioned a siskin in a pivotal scene in which the heroine, Peri, meets the charismatic and controversial Professor Azur. When Peri entered Professor Azur's office, she found a siskin with yellow-green feathers and a forked tail trapped amid the shelves and stacks of books.
699:
878:. They leave the nest after 15 days in a semi-feathered condition. They then remain close to the nest area for up to a month when, with their plumage now complete, they disperse. The siskin usually has a second brood, from the middle of June up to the middle of July.
526:. The Eurasian siskin, in many plumages, is a bright bird. Adult male Eurasian siskins are bright green and yellow with a black cap, and an unstreaked throat and breast. Adult females also usually have green and yellow plumage tones: for example, yellow in the
500:
of the female is more olive-coloured than the male. The cap and the auriculas are greenish with a white bib and a rump that is a slightly striped whitish yellow. The young have a similar colouration to the females, with drab colours and a more subdued plumage.
914:
The worldwide population of the siskin is estimated as between 20 and 36 million. The
European population is estimated as between 2.7 and 15 million pairs. There does not seem to be a major decline in population numbers and for this reason the
380:
with a neat black cap. Female and young birds have a greyish green head and no cap. It is a trusting, sociable and active bird. The song of this bird is a pleasant mix of twitters and trills. For these reasons it is often raised in captivity.
68:
488:. The male has a greyish green back; yellow rump; the sides of the tail are yellow and the end is black; the wings are black with a distinctive yellow wing stripe; its breast is yellowish becoming whiter and striped towards the
905:
The song is similar to the other finches, a smooth and rapid twitter and trill with a long duration and which is occasionally interrupted by a stronger or shorter syllable. Siskins sing throughout the year and often in groups.
480:
The siskin is a small, short-tailed bird, 11–12.5 centimetres (4.3–4.9 in) in length with a wingspan that ranges from 20 to 23 centimetres (7.9 to 9.1 in). It weighs between 12 and 18 grams (0.42 and 0.63 oz).
865:
The first brood is born in mid-April. The female lays between 2 and 6 eggs. The eggs are white or light grey or light blue, with small brown spots and they are approximately 16.5 mm by 12 mm in size.
959:) giving rise to intermediate birds. Hybridisation also occurs in nature without human intervention. In some areas, individuals that are found are the result of escapes or releases of captive birds.
836:
that is generally located at the end of a relatively high branch in a conifer, such that the nest is reasonably hidden and difficult to see. On the
Iberian Peninsula they make their nests in
508:
is determined by its feeding habits. It is strong although it is also slender in order to pick up the seeds on which they feed. The legs and feet are dark brown and the eyes are black.
69:
767:
In spring, during the breeding season, they are found in coniferous forests. At this time their feeding is based on the seeds of these trees, especially on trees belonging to the
668:
in a tree, laying 2–6 eggs. The
British range of this once local breeder has expanded greatly due to an increase in commercial conifer plantations. The siskin also breeds in
638:
produces abundant seeds in the centre and north of Europe, causing populations to increase. An alternative theory is that greater migration occurs when the preferred food of
989:
there is a statue of a siskin, as its colours are the same as the uniform worn by the students at an elite school in the city. These students have come to be known by the
850:. They form small colonies of up to six pairs with the nests located near to each other. The nest is small and bowl-shaped. It is made from small twigs, dried grasses,
2350:
2656:
653:
It is a bird that does not remain for long in one area but which varies the areas it uses for breeding and feeding, over-wintering from one year to the next.
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67:
2405:
1933:
1622:
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and a black cap. The amount of black on the bib is very variable between males and the size of the bib has been related to dominance within a flock. The
576:
These birds can be found throughout the year in
Central Europe and some mountain ranges in the south of the continent. They are present in the north of
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2591:
2345:
2617:
1012:
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they contain help the chicks to grow. In summer their feeding is more varied, adding other herbaceous plants to their diet of conifer seeds:
2797:
549:
2187:
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The
Eurasian siskin is occasionally seen in North America. There is also a similar and closely related North America counterpart, the
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2116:
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1980:
1843:
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Its habitat is forested areas at a particular altitude on a mountain side and they have a certain predilection for humid areas.
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are greatly augmented. This event has been the object of diverse theories, one theory suggests that it occurs in the years when
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416:
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246:
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1887:
1319:
728:. They also visit cultivated areas and pasture, where they join with other finches in eating the seeds of various
2787:
2377:
1205:
1142:
1949:
1630:
1095:
2109:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic. Vol. IX
2052:
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live for between 11 and 14 years, in sharp contrast to the 2 or 3 years it is estimated they live in the wild.
820:
703:
426:
120:
2754:
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pattern. Every few years they migrate southwards in larger numbers and the overwintering populations in the
2490:
2419:
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tree to tree, although they are not as eye-catching as the flights of the other finches. They construct a
2508:
713:, although it varies its diet depending on the season. It feeds in trees, avoiding eating on the ground.
531:
Eurasian siskin are broad and yellow (with the tips white) and the bill is short with a decurved culmen.
514:
The siskin is easy to recognize, but in some instances it can be confused with other finches such as the
1005:
225:
1073:
1295:
Payevsky, V. A. (1994). "Age and sex structure, mortality and spatial winter distribution of siskins (
2565:
2482:
2359:
753:
935:
519:
85:
2457:
1914:
1680:
1544:
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and the north of Africa. Its breeding area is separated into two zones, both on each side of the
468:
Despite being found across a wide area it is a monotypic species, that is, there are no distinct
288:
115:
1386:
2309:
435:, where this species was then placed. Recent taxonomic studies suggest placing it in the genus
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2635:
2539:
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2224:
2112:
2087:
1976:
1572:
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1461:
1363:
1239:
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seed fails. This species will form large flocks outside the breeding season, often mixed with
631:
593:
485:
384:
1218:
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1906:
1672:
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956:
698:
686:
421:
1858:
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55:
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takes between 10 and 14 days and is carried out entirely by the female. The chicks are
597:
523:
369:
2399:
41:
2771:
2630:
2531:
2394:
2158:
2029:
1996:
1059:
920:
890:, both powerful but conflicting, one is descending and the other is ascending, their
690:
strong cohesion in the flocks and implies a hierarchical structure within the group.
626:
Their seasonal distribution is also marked by the fact that they follow an anomalous
609:
585:
447:
401:
242:
202:
105:
100:
1844:"Sobevivir al invierno: estrategias de las aves invernantes en la Península Ibérica"
2544:
891:
859:
673:
515:
2334:
1199:
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2346:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 3.1 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
2218:
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2451:
1022:
940:
847:
805:
635:
616:
577:
527:
453:, a name for a now-unidentifiable bird. The English name is from German dialect
192:
2700:
256:
2695:
948:
875:
838:
809:
730:
566:
469:
361:
511:
It has a rapid and bounding flight pattern that is similar to other finches.
17:
1732:
990:
971:
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749:
739:
717:
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589:
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329:
172:
132:
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2366:
1820:
1015:", in which the siskin is the source of the lore on what happens with the
2721:
2436:
2133:"Boletín Oficial del Estado (España): Ratificación del Convenio de Berna"
573:: the eastern coast of Asia and the central and northern part of Europe.
389:
152:
2749:
2741:
2674:
2596:
2477:
1918:
1684:
1548:
979:
801:
793:
757:
735:
657:
647:
601:
497:
492:; it has a black bib (or chin patch) and on its head it has two yellow
365:
2609:
2371:
2086:. BirdLife Conservation Series 3. Cambridge: BirdLife International.
967:
855:
797:
661:
581:
489:
142:
74:
2413:
1910:
1676:
1540:
2557:
1358:
Mullarney, K.; Svensson, L.; Zetterström, D.; Grant, P. J. (2003).
1008:
since 1994, though it has been stolen and replaced multiple times.
2552:
1516:
Senar, J. C.; Camerino, L.; Copete, J. L.; Metcalfe N. B. (1993).
1016:
975:
934:
819:
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772:
768:
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605:
373:
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182:
65:
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1004:". There has been a statue of a siskin on the embankment by the
982:
have all issued postage stamps bearing the image of the siskin.
916:
851:
505:
162:
2417:
1320:"The alder siskin (Spinus spinus), a bird often found in bands"
1044:
1042:
789:
493:
2398:
939:
Structure holding cages used for listening to siskins at the
702:
Pair (male above) feeding in an alder tree, illustration by
1177:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 362.
902:. On occasions they also issue a harsh rattling chirrup.
1597:"Lúgano en el Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España"
955:
They form hybrids with some other finches (for example,
716:
In autumn and winter, its diet is based on the seeds of
796:. When feeding the young they eat more insects, mainly
565:
This species can be found across the greater part of
1934:"Observación de alimentación de cortejo en Lúganos (
372:
where it feeds on seeds of all kinds, especially of
2711:
2426:
388:acrobatic feeder, often hanging upside-down like a
1198:
1074:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22720354A111126041.en
947:Like many of the finches, the siskin is valued by
1905:(2). The Cooper Ornithological Society: 213–214.
1293:This reference is based on theories expounded in
1000:. This term was popularised in the Russian song "
685:difficult to observe. For this reason there is a
676:and crops and areas containing trees with seeds.
1518:"Variation in black bib of the Eurasian siskin (
2276:. Archived from the original on 25 October 2000
2028:(in Spanish). Rednaturaleza.com. Archived from
1490:Guía de Campo de las Aves de España y de Europa
1360:Guía de Campo de las Aves de España y de Europa
1522:) and its role as reliable badge of dominance"
392:. It will visit garden bird feeding stations.
8:
2409:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1174:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
460:
454:
2340:Eurasian siskin videos, photos & sounds
1571:. Princeton University Press. p. 221.
1511:
1509:
1238:. London, UK: Academic Press. p. 505.
1115:The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names
336:family Fringillidae. It is also called the
2414:
2386:
2157:Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
2084:Birds in Europe: their conservation status
1819:(in Spanish). Pajaricos.es. Archived from
1562:
1560:
1558:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1381:
1379:
1299:) migrating through eastern Baltic area".
664:, is favoured for breeding. It builds its
360:. It is very common throughout Europe and
255:
94:
54:
40:
31:
1756:"Observación de un dormidero de Lúganos (
1072:
1235:The Speciation and Biogeography of Birds
923:. The siskin appears in Annex II of the
919:has listed their conservation status as
2246:Urdaibai, avifauna de la ría de Gernika
1881:
1879:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1389:. Madeira Birdwatching. 12 October 2009
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
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1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1038:
1011:There is a Czech folk song/dance/game "
533:
2287:
2220:Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1590:
1588:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1279:(in Spanish). Terra.es. Archived from
364:. It is found in forested areas, both
1942:Butlletí del Grup Català d'Anellament
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1764:Butlletí del Grup Català d'Anellament
1621:China's Species Information Service.
1456:Schauenberg, P.; et al. (1979).
752:and other herbaceous plants, such as
7:
2755:4707A019-DF32-42F9-ABF4-F99A6F1873B6
2082:Tucker, G. M.; Heath, M. F. (1994).
1999:. Beauty of Birds. 16 September 2021
1219:participating institution membership
2778:IUCN Red List least concern species
2111:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1318:Singleton, David G. (11 May 2022).
1060:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
608:, Taiwan, the valleys of the lower
2107:Cramp, S.; Perrins, C. M. (1994).
1932:Senar, J.C.; Copete, J.L. (1990).
1387:"Eurasian Siskin Carduelis spinus"
400:The siskin was first described by
25:
1888:"Allofeeding in Eurasian siskin (
2335:Audio recordings from Xeno-canto
1975:. London: Taplinger Publishing.
1842:Senar, J.C.; Borrás, A. (2004).
548:
536:
348:. Other (archaic) names include
119:
2367:Field Guide: Birds of the World
2342:on the Internet Bird Collection
2248:. Diputación Foral de Bizkaia.
1886:Senar, J.C. (April–June 1984).
1492:(in Spanish). Editorial Omega.
1362:(in Spanish). Editorial Omega.
1049:BirdLife International (2017).
604:province; they spend winter in
672:; while in winter they prefer
588:basin and the area around the
1:
2351:Feathers of Eurasian siskin (
1102:. Avibase. 30 September 2009.
927:as a protected bird species.
894:sounds can be represented as
592:. In China they breed in the
2217:McCarthy, Eugene M. (2006).
2138:(in Spanish). 1 October 1986
1857:(1): 133–168. Archived from
1458:Fichero Safari Club (Lúgano)
1322:. NATUEND Lifestyle Magazine
584:and they over-winter in the
484:The bird's appearance shows
383:These birds have an unusual
264:Range of the Eurasian siskin
2798:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2223:. Oxford University Press.
2814:
1735:(in Spanish). Pajaricos.es
1171:Jobling, James A. (2010).
612:and the south east coast.
504:The shape of the siskin's
2294:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1206:Oxford English Dictionary
1067:: e.T22720354A111126041.
997:
294:
287:
263:
254:
231:
224:
116:Scientific classification
114:
92:
83:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
2051:BirdLife International.
1797:(in French). Oiseaux.net
1595:Senar, J.C.; Borrás, A.
1113:Lockwood, W. B. (1993).
943:of Sagra dei Osei, Italy
931:Relationship with humans
561:Distribution and habitat
396:Taxonomy and systematics
2793:Birds described in 1758
2406:Encyclopædia Britannica
1424:Stamps of Israeli Birds
1211:Oxford University Press
1119:Oxford University Press
910:Status and conservation
709:The siskin is mainly a
2312:. Saint-Petersburg.com
1027:Three Daughters of Eve
944:
828:
706:
461:
455:
350:black-headed goldfinch
78:
1754:Copete, J.L. (1990).
1652:Borror, A.C. (1963).
1006:First Engineer Bridge
938:
823:
701:
680:Behaviour and ecology
660:woodland, especially
404:in his landmark 1758
72:
2244:Galarza, A. (1989).
2063:on 25 September 2019
2053:"Species factsheet:
1864:on 16 September 2006
1569:Finches and Sparrows
1232:Newton, Ian (2003).
788:. They also feed on
442:The scientific name
429:described the genus
2032:on 12 February 2007
1971:Newton, I. (1973).
1823:on 12 December 2007
1567:Clement, P (1999).
1460:. Madrid: S.A.P.E.
1209:(Online ed.).
1100:) (Linnaeus, 1758)"
963:Cultural depictions
520:European greenfinch
86:Conservation status
2378:"Carduelis spinus"
2198:on 6 November 2007
2188:"Hibridaciones de
1997:"Eurasian Siskins"
1795:"Tarin des aulnes"
1654:"Eurasian siskin (
1488:Hume, Rob (2002).
1416:"Eurasian Siskin (
1283:on 24 January 2008
1096:"Eurasian Siskin (
945:
886:This bird has two
829:
707:
282: Non-breeding
79:
73:Birds recorded in
2765:
2764:
2683:Open Tree of Life
2420:Taxon identifiers
2270:"Eurasian Siskin"
2230:978-0-19-518323-8
1952:on 1 October 2013
1217:(Subscription or
1184:978-1-4081-2501-4
632:Iberian Peninsula
594:Khingan Mountains
486:sexual dimorphism
316:
315:
310:
302:
109:
70:
16:(Redirected from
2805:
2788:Birds of Eurasia
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2713:Fringilla spinus
2704:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2677:
2665:
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2651:
2649:NHMSYS0021004277
2639:
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2613:
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2483:9820CECA12EC737D
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2462:
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2460:
2447:
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2445:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2390:
2385:
2361:Carduelis spinus
2353:Carduelis spinus
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2310:"Chizhik-Pyzhik"
2306:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2285:
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2266:
2260:
2259:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2194:. Archived from
2190:Carduelis spinus
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2161:Carduelis spinus
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2059:. Archived from
2055:Carduelis spinus
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1948:. Archived from
1936:Carduelis spinus
1929:
1923:
1922:
1896:
1890:Carduelis spinus
1883:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
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1833:
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1813:
1807:
1806:
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1772:
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1758:Carduelis spinus
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1729:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1662:
1656:Carduelis spinus
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1629:. Archived from
1625:Carduelis spinus
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1564:
1553:
1552:
1526:
1520:Carduelis spinus
1513:
1504:
1503:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:. Archived from
1418:Carduelis spinus
1412:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1355:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1297:Carduelis spinus
1292:
1290:
1288:
1275:Carduelis spinus
1269:
1250:
1249:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1145:Carduelis spinus
1139:
1133:
1132:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1098:Carduelis spinus
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1046:
1013:Čížečku, čížečku
999:
987:Saint Petersburg
925:Berne Convention
724:and, above all,
571:Palearctic realm
552:
540:
464:
458:
413:Fringilla spinus
406:10th edition of
308:
306:Carduelis spinus
300:
298:Fringilla spinus
281:
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269:
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124:
123:
103:
98:
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71:
58:
44:
35:Eurasian siskin
32:
21:
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2670:Observation.org
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2165:Serinus canaria
2156:
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1983:
1970:
1969:
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1911:10.2307/1367046
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1487:
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1433:
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1430:on 17 July 2011
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1048:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1025:, in the novel
965:
949:aviculturalists
941:singing contest
933:
912:
884:
858:and lined with
818:
754:St. John's wort
696:
682:
563:
556:
553:
544:
541:
478:
422:Systema Naturae
408:Systema Naturae
398:
338:European siskin
320:Eurasian siskin
283:
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267:
265:
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118:
110:
99:
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66:
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28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
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2783:Spinus (genus)
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2487:
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2430:
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2423:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2400:"Siskin"
2397:, ed. (1911).
2395:Chisholm, Hugh
2391:
2374:
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2330:
2329:External links
2327:
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2117:
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2010:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1938:) invernantes"
1924:
1875:
1834:
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1773:
1766:(in Spanish).
1746:
1697:
1644:
1633:on 15 May 2006
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1535:(4): 924–927.
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1002:Chizhik-Pyzhik
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720:trees such as
695:
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670:mixed woodland
598:Inner Mongolia
562:
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547:
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524:European serin
477:
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397:
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376:and conifers.
370:mixed woodland
314:
313:
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309:Linnaeus, 1758
303:
301:Linnaeus, 1758
292:
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276: Resident
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270: Breeding
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2255:84-404-5084-2
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2118:0-19-857506-8
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2089:
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2031:
2027:
2026:"Lúgano-Aves"
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
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1982:0-8008-2720-1
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1053:Spinus spinus
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921:least concern
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882:Song and call
881:
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873:
869:
863:
861:
857:
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849:
848:Corsican pine
845:
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827:
826:Spinus spinus
822:
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693:
691:
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687:German legend
679:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:Norway spruce
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
613:
611:
610:Yangtse River
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Mediterranean
583:
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457:
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448:Ancient Greek
445:
440:
438:
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428:
424:
423:
418:
414:
410:
409:
403:
402:Carl Linnaeus
395:
393:
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386:
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377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:common siskin
339:
335:
331:
328:) is a small
327:
326:
325:Spinus spinus
321:
307:
304:
299:
296:
295:
293:
290:
286:
262:
258:
253:
248:
244:
238:
236:
235:Spinus spinus
230:
227:
226:Binomial name
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
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178:
177:
174:
173:Passeriformes
171:
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138:
137:
134:
131:
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117:
113:
107:
102:
101:Least Concern
91:
87:
82:
76:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Spinus spinus
2712:
2427:
2404:
2381:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2314:. Retrieved
2304:
2278:. Retrieved
2273:
2264:
2245:
2239:
2219:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2189:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2164:
2160:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2127:
2108:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:the original
2054:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:the original
2001:. Retrieved
1991:
1972:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1945:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1866:. Retrieved
1859:the original
1854:
1850:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:the original
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1767:
1763:
1757:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1688:. Retrieved
1668:
1664:
1655:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1624:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1602:(in Spanish)
1568:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1489:
1457:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:the original
1423:
1417:
1391:. Retrieved
1359:
1324:. Retrieved
1313:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1274:
1234:
1227:
1204:
1193:
1173:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1144:
1137:
1114:
1108:
1097:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1064:
1058:
1052:
1026:
1021:
1010:
993:
984:
966:
954:
946:
913:
904:
899:
895:
892:onomatopoeic
885:
864:
837:
830:
825:
816:Reproduction
783:
777:
771:
766:
743:
729:
715:
708:
683:
655:
652:
625:
621:Spinus pinus
620:
614:
575:
564:
516:citril finch
513:
510:
503:
483:
479:
467:
450:
446:is from the
443:
441:
436:
430:
420:
417:10th edition
412:
407:
399:
382:
378:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:bird in the
324:
323:
319:
317:
305:
297:
234:
232:
216:
215:
203:
183:Fringillidae
29:
2605:iNaturalist
2452:Wikispecies
2280:27 November
2274:Bird Stamps
1658:) in Maine"
1080:12 November
1023:Elif Shafak
996:, Russian:
844:Scotch pine
758:meadowsweet
617:pine siskin
578:Scandinavia
567:Eurosiberia
528:supercilium
476:Description
425:. In 1760,
362:Eurosiberia
354:barley bird
193:Carduelinae
189:Subfamily:
2772:Categories
2696:Xeno-canto
2316:13 October
2202:23 October
2172:13 October
2067:12 October
2036:13 October
1868:20 October
1827:12 October
1801:12 October
1739:12 October
1690:20 October
1671:(2): 109.
1637:23 October
1606:13 October
1434:13 October
1307:: 190–198.
1301:Vogelwarte
1287:23 October
1221:required.)
1156:10 October
1033:References
876:nidicolous
868:Incubation
810:Compositae
808:and other
806:goosefoots
740:dandelions
731:Compositae
658:Coniferous
470:subspecies
366:coniferous
358:aberdevine
2728:Q28530668
2443:Q27075864
2142:30 August
2003:30 August
1393:30 August
1326:30 August
991:sobriquet
972:Gibraltar
872:altricial
800:, as the
750:knapweeds
745:Artemisia
718:deciduous
711:granivore
628:migration
590:Black Sea
494:auriculas
432:Carduelis
415:, in the
385:migration
330:passerine
211:Species:
139:Kingdom:
133:Eukaryota
77:, England
2722:Wikidata
2636:22720354
2571:45510356
2532:bob16540
2496:22720354
2491:BirdLife
2437:Wikidata
2290:cite web
1817:"Lúgano"
1733:"Lúgano"
1200:"Siskin"
957:canaries
824:Eggs of
802:proteins
736:thistles
734:such as
648:redpolls
462:zeischen
456:sisschen
344:or just
289:Synonyms
243:Linnaeus
179:Family:
153:Chordata
149:Phylum:
143:Animalia
129:Domain:
106:IUCN 3.1
2750:ZooBank
2742:4408957
2597:6092830
2478:Avibase
2382:Avibase
1973:Finches
1956:21 July
1919:1367046
1851:Ardeola
1685:4082569
1665:The Auk
1549:4088649
1529:The Auk
980:Belgium
900:"tluih"
798:beetles
794:poplars
704:Naumann
694:Feeding
674:stubble
602:Jiangsu
600:and in
580:and in
522:or the
498:plumage
427:Brisson
199:Genus:
169:Order:
159:Class:
104: (
2688:167338
2662:160760
2623:997858
2610:145303
2558:eursis
2519:eursis
2509:745829
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