3512:
201:
Martin would join the third march, covering it from start to finish, at the
Alabama State Capitol building. During the march, Martin took a photograph of an exhausted minister from Maine on the verge of quitting the march. Martin told him "I weigh 125 pounds, my camera bag is 50 pounds, and I
192:
and discriminatory voting rights practices. The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, the media coverage of it and the national outcry that ensued, were influential in the course of civil rights in the U.S. Speaking about the effect of photography on the Civil Rights
Movement,
131:. He was slightly built at 5 feet 2 inches (1.57 m) tall and 125 pounds (57 kg), and though he would climb trees and church towers to get a different angle for his photographs, his nickname "Spider" dates back to his school days at
197:
said, "Spider, we could have marched, we could have protested forever, but if it weren't for guys like you, it would have been for nothing. The whole world saw your pictures. That's why the Voting Rights Act was passed."
3270:
1555:
987:
416:
3294:
3048:
351:
1218:
3342:
3190:
960:
3497:
682:
435:
3250:
540:
202:
walking backwards and shooting pictures" and helped the minister back to his feet. After the Selma to
Montgomery marches, Martin covered the trial of the murderer of
1801:
1692:
1112:
3347:
3255:
1593:
1512:
3225:
3220:
2990:
1722:
1631:
566:
3008:
1043:
3586:
1771:
458:
370:
1473:
505:
3551:
3327:
1878:
1580:
422:
264:
3546:
3362:
3317:
2985:
1868:
1796:
1522:
1402:
733:
3276:
1664:
1264:
1642:
3013:
1133:
303:
3576:
3571:
3541:
3399:
1863:
1811:
1757:
1159:
995:
609:
3377:
1806:
1742:
1105:
3591:
3536:
1816:
1791:
1776:
1505:
1173:
3566:
3322:
3195:
1669:
1446:
410:
394:
206:
and George
Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign, reportedly telling the candidate "I won't vote for you, but I'll take your money."
1044:"Double Exposure: National Museum Of African American History And Culture Presents New Book Series Based On Photography Collection"
1017:
964:
3357:
3099:
1570:
1457:
31:
3384:
3372:
1848:
1786:
1098:
390:
112:
3394:
3337:
3136:
1478:
1451:
1269:
268:
1606:
3596:
3516:
3482:
3389:
3245:
3230:
2854:
2374:
1898:
1699:
1495:
361:
327:
3289:
3023:
2784:
1781:
1747:
1727:
1611:
1490:
1197:
380:
116:
1077:
656:
271:
acquired Martin's archive of negatives, correspondence, memos, clippings, and other material in 2015 for $ 250,000.
3367:
3235:
3205:
2189:
1944:
1833:
1763:
1234:
1046:(Press release). National Museum Of African American History And Culture, Smithsonian Institution. 12 February 2015
913:
135:, where a reporter described him as moving "like a spider" during one of his touchdown runs on the football field.
3033:
2864:
2834:
2769:
2254:
1893:
1873:
1843:
1752:
1686:
1659:
1625:
1368:
1149:
843:"Briscoe Center Opens Exhibit of Spider Martin's Iconic Civil Rights Photographs April 8, 2014-December 19, 2014"
295:
257:
157:
577:
2934:
2894:
2419:
2324:
1732:
1681:
1674:
1647:
1587:
1378:
1302:
890:
1468:
842:
1084:
3284:
2699:
2469:
2134:
2114:
2029:
1984:
1560:
1517:
1500:
1338:
1307:
1259:
1180:
275:
161:
70:
708:
3581:
2739:
2474:
2459:
2454:
2329:
2184:
2024:
1969:
1539:
1389:
1312:
1283:
1245:
194:
173:
741:
3332:
2869:
2684:
2314:
2219:
2199:
2169:
1858:
1853:
1600:
1565:
1463:
1427:
1121:
217:
185:
938:
111:(April 1, 1939 – April 8, 2003) was an American photographer known for his work documenting the
3561:
3556:
3352:
3240:
3038:
2919:
2824:
2634:
2264:
1422:
1154:
169:
148:
in
February 1965; one month later, he created a notable photograph of the civil rights era, entitled
132:
3115:
3076:
2624:
2584:
2534:
2444:
2404:
2379:
2334:
2139:
2094:
1939:
1919:
1888:
1883:
1826:
1737:
1532:
1485:
1435:
1396:
140:
634:
3432:
3200:
3184:
3177:
3156:
3148:
3142:
3105:
2939:
2849:
2829:
2754:
2734:
2724:
2704:
2619:
2504:
2449:
2394:
2299:
2079:
1994:
1653:
1637:
1617:
1383:
1348:
1275:
510:
145:
128:
51:
3300:
3215:
3210:
3170:
3043:
2814:
2799:
2764:
2544:
2464:
2409:
2194:
1358:
1353:
1225:
1211:
1204:
1165:
864:
299:
845:(Press release). Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin. 2014
3477:
3462:
3452:
3422:
3163:
3110:
2959:
2944:
2909:
2774:
2719:
2709:
2604:
2479:
2414:
2289:
2204:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2129:
2124:
2099:
1989:
1373:
1288:
1251:
794:
289:
235:
189:
346:
Spider Martin
Retrospective: Exploring the Role of Photojournalism in Influencing History,
3472:
3457:
3442:
3260:
2889:
2879:
2839:
2819:
2779:
2654:
2644:
2609:
2569:
2554:
2489:
2354:
2304:
2234:
2119:
2069:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2019:
2004:
1999:
1974:
1914:
1838:
1441:
1412:
1407:
1363:
1343:
1322:
1294:
939:"Selma to Montgomery: Spider Martin's Historic Photographs, August 26 - December 11, 2015"
333:
223:
211:
1021:
817:
3511:
3492:
3081:
2929:
2914:
2844:
2794:
2759:
2744:
2729:
2689:
2669:
2659:
2614:
2599:
2579:
2349:
2319:
2309:
2279:
2269:
2179:
2149:
1949:
1575:
1527:
1417:
177:
3530:
3487:
3417:
3265:
3131:
2954:
2884:
2789:
2639:
2574:
2559:
2549:
2509:
2434:
2424:
2384:
2369:
2259:
2249:
2209:
2159:
2034:
1959:
1929:
1090:
3447:
3427:
2949:
2904:
2899:
2859:
2694:
2674:
2629:
2564:
2499:
2484:
2399:
2389:
2344:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2214:
2174:
2109:
2089:
2084:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2009:
1964:
1934:
1317:
288:
Martin, Spider; Brinkley, Douglas (introduction); Carleton, Don (foreword) (2015).
203:
153:
90:
3467:
3437:
3064:
3028:
2969:
2964:
2924:
2874:
2809:
2804:
2714:
2664:
2594:
2589:
2529:
2514:
2364:
2359:
2224:
2104:
2074:
2014:
1979:
1240:
241:
229:
3091:
2749:
2679:
2649:
2519:
2494:
2439:
2339:
1954:
1924:
797:. Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin. 2015
181:
893:(Press release). Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library. 11 February 2015
3069:
2539:
2524:
941:(Press release). Archaeology Museum at the University of South Alabama. 2015
795:"A Guide to the James "Spider" Martin Photographic Archive, Circa 1948-2014"
368:"The World Saw Your Pictures": Spider Martin and the Voting Rights Campaign,
152:
during the 1965 Selma Voting Rights
Movement. His photograph showed Alabama
30:
2429:
763:
660:
165:
389:
Atlanta; and traveled to New
Orleans; Montgomery; Washington, D.C.; and
3018:
406:
Martin's photographs are held in the following permanent collections:
3086:
340:
The Power of His Camera: Spider Martin and the Civil Rights
Movement
506:"Spider Martin's Photographs of the Selma March Get a Broader View"
1821:
635:""Two Minute Warning," photograph by Spider Martin, March 7, 1965"
459:"Photographer Helped Expose Brutality Of Selma's 'Bloody Sunday'"
115:
in 1965, specifically Bloody Sunday and other incidents from the
1094:
1069:
463:
360:
Steven Kasher
Gallery, New York, 2015. Photographs by Martin,
534:
532:
530:
528:
1085:
Civil Rights Photographer Spider Martin: His Life and Legacy
683:"Photojournalist Spider Martin's images still pack a punch"
659:. The Spider Martin Civil Rights Collection. Archived from
184:
were leading the planned 54-mile (87 km) march to the
377:
Selma to Montgomery: Spider Martin’s Historic Photographs,
1020:. Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. 2015. Archived from
541:"'Spider' Martin's work helped to shape American history"
1087:", WBHM Public Radio-Voices of the Civil Rights Movement
610:"Selma photographer captured history on 'Bloody Sunday'"
574:
Regular Meeting of the Council of the City of Birmingham
3271:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
3049:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
417:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
3295:
African American founding fathers of the United States
1648:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
1513:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
963:. Levine Museum of the New South. 2014. Archived from
961:"Selma to Montgomery: The March for the Right to Vote"
352:
Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library and Museum
657:"Selma to Montgomery: A March for the Right to Vote"
3408:
3343:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
3310:
3124:
3057:
2999:
2978:
1907:
1713:
1548:
1331:
1189:
1142:
1129:
96:
86:
78:
59:
37:
21:
988:"Selma to Montgomery as captured by Spider Martin"
436:List of photographers of the civil rights movement
387:Selma to Montgomery: March for the Right to Vote,
1879:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
603:
601:
599:
597:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
1869:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1802:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1693:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
3348:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
891:"March to Freedom Exhibit To Open in February"
818:"Birmingham News Glosses over Its Racist Past"
3256:List of lynching victims in the United States
1594:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
1106:
914:"See powerful photos of the 1965 Selma March"
734:"Moving pictures - The work of Spider Martin"
8:
1018:"Traveling Exhibitions: Selma to Montgomery"
452:
450:
291:Selma 1965: The Photographs of Spider Martin
1723:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
1772:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
1139:
1113:
1099:
1091:
789:
787:
785:
783:
371:Alabama Department of Archives and History
29:
18:
3328:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
504:Schuessler, Jennifer (15 February 2015).
423:Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
265:Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
3363:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
1403:University of Georgia desegregation riot
256:He was represented for several years by
3277:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
3014:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
3009:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
446:
274:He died by suicide on April 8, 2003 in
3191:African-American women in the movement
1643:White House Conference on Civil Rights
1474:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
986:Balcerek, Katherine (9 October 2014).
393:, Charlotte, NC, 2015. Curated by the
144:he was assigned to cover the death of
1632:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
637:. The National Archives. 7 March 1965
138:Whilst working as a photographer for
7:
3400:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1864:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1812:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1758:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
1235:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
1160:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
1807:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1743:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
1413:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
816:Wilson, Glynn (February 26, 2006).
156:about to attack the first peaceful
3251:African-American churches attacked
1817:Montgomery Improvement Association
1792:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1777:Council of Federated Organizations
1748:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1506:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
1464:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
1270:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
1174:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
348:Carneal Building, Selma, AL, 2015.
342:(Austin, Texas; 8 Apr–19 Dec 2014)
209:His photographs were published in
188:in protest at unfair treatment of
14:
3587:20th-century American journalists
3323:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
3196:Jews in the civil rights movement
565:Abbott, Valerie A. (2003-05-06).
411:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
395:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
3552:Artists from Birmingham, Alabama
3517:Civil rights movement portal
3510:
3358:Freedom Riders National Monument
3100:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1612:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
1571:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
1458:Second Emancipation Proclamation
3547:American portrait photographers
3385:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
3373:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1849:National Council of Negro Women
1787:Deacons for Defense and Justice
912:Harris, Sophie (4 March 2015).
457:Yeager, Andrew (6 March 2015).
1265:Mansfield school desegregation
391:Levine Museum of the New South
168:just after it had crossed the
113:American Civil Rights Movement
1:
3395:National Voting Rights Museum
3338:Civil Rights Movement Archive
3137:Lynching in the United States
3024:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
1479:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
1452:University of Chicago sit-ins
1219:Davis v. Prince Edward County
865:"Spider Martin Retrospective"
707:Martin, Spider (March 1965).
608:Pearce, Matt (8 March 2015).
539:Roney, Marty (1 March 2015).
269:University of Texas at Austin
3390:National Civil Rights Museum
3246:March on Washington Movement
3231:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1700:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
822:The Locust Fork News-Journal
681:Benn, Alvin (4 March 2015).
328:Cannon House Office Building
3577:Hueytown High School alumni
3572:Selma to Montgomery marches
3542:Artists who died by suicide
3034:"This Little Light of Mine"
1782:Dallas County Voters League
1728:Atlanta Negro Voters League
1491:Letter from Birmingham Jail
1198:Brown v. Board of Education
381:University of South Alabama
117:Selma to Montgomery marches
3613:
3368:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
3236:Holt Street Baptist Church
3206:16th Street Baptist Church
2190:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1834:Nashville Student Movement
1764:An Appeal for Human Rights
3592:American male journalists
3537:American photojournalists
3506:
2865:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2835:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
1899:Women's Political Council
1894:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1889:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1874:Southern Regional Council
1844:Northern Student Movement
1753:Committee for Freedom Now
1660:Memphis sanitation strike
1626:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1369:Savannah Protest Movement
1150:Journey of Reconciliation
1080:", University of Alabama.
296:University of Texas Press
158:Selma to Montgomery march
28:
3567:Journalists from Alabama
1733:Atlanta Student Movement
1682:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1607:1964–1965 Scripto strike
1588:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1486:1963 Birmingham campaign
1379:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1303:Civil Rights Act of 1957
3285:Voter Education Project
3039:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2700:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2135:Josephine Dobbs Clement
1561:Chester school protests
1556:Twenty-fourth Amendment
1518:Detroit Walk to Freedom
1260:Tallahassee bus boycott
1181:Baton Rouge bus boycott
373:, Montgomery, AL, 2015.
276:Blount Springs, Alabama
71:Blount Springs, Alabama
3498:Movement photographers
2740:Bernice Johnson Reagon
2460:Martin Luther King Sr.
2455:Martin Luther King Jr.
2025:William Holmes Borders
1797:Highlander Folk School
1687:Poor People's Campaign
1540:St. Augustine movement
1390:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
1313:Katz Drug Store sit-in
1284:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
1246:Montgomery bus boycott
195:Martin Luther King Jr.
3333:Civil Rights Memorial
3221:Bethel Baptist Church
2870:Charles Kenzie Steele
2315:Audrey Faye Hendricks
2220:Myrlie Evers-Williams
2200:Patricia Stephens Due
2170:Abraham Lincoln Davis
2105:Colia Lafayette Clark
1859:Operation Breadbasket
1854:National Urban League
1601:Katzenbach v. McClung
1469:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
1122:Civil rights movement
687:Montgomery Advertiser
567:"Resolution # 684-03"
545:Montgomery Advertiser
218:Saturday Evening Post
186:Alabama State Capitol
109:James "Spider" Martin
23:James "Spider" Martin
3378:other King memorials
3353:Freedom Rides Museum
3290:1960s counterculture
3241:Edmund Pettus Bridge
2920:Walter Francis White
2825:Alexander D. Shimkin
1339:New Year's Day March
1308:Ministers' Manifesto
1155:Executive Order 9981
379:Archaeology Museum,
170:Edmund Pettus Bridge
3597:Suicides in Alabama
3116:Mary McLeod Bethune
3077:Sermon on the Mount
3044:"We Shall Overcome"
2625:William Lewis Moore
2405:Frank Minis Johnson
2380:Richie Jean Jackson
2335:Donald L. Hollowell
2140:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
1945:Gwendolyn Armstrong
1940:William G. Anderson
1920:Victoria Gray Adams
1884:The Freedom Singers
1738:Black Panther Party
1523:March on Washington
1436:Garner v. Louisiana
1397:Boynton v. Virginia
1024:on 23 February 2017
998:on 23 February 2017
967:on 23 February 2017
744:on 4 September 2005
709:"Selma March, 1965"
383:, Mobile, AL, 2015.
354:, Austin, TX, 2015.
251:The Birmingham News
150:Two Minute Warning,
141:The Birmingham News
127:Martin was born in
16:American journalist
3433:Michael Eric Dyson
3318:In popular culture
3201:Fifth Circuit Four
3185:Loving v. Virginia
3178:Hernandez v. Texas
3157:Buchanan v. Warley
3149:Separate but equal
3143:Plessy v. Ferguson
3106:Frederick Douglass
2940:Robert F. Williams
2850:Kelly Miller Smith
2830:Fred Shuttlesworth
2755:Frederick D. Reese
2735:George Raymond Jr.
2725:A. Philip Randolph
2705:Fay Bellamy Powell
2620:Queen Mother Moore
2505:Z. Alexander Looby
2450:Coretta Scott King
2395:Barbara Rose Johns
2375:Jimmie Lee Jackson
2300:William E. Harbour
2080:Stokely Carmichael
1995:Randolph Blackwell
1665:King assassination
1654:Loving v. Virginia
1638:March Against Fear
1618:How Long, Not Long
1496:Children's Crusade
1447:Cambridge movement
1384:Ax Handle Saturday
1349:Greensboro sit-ins
1276:Give Us the Ballot
992:Knight Foundation
511:The New York Times
419:, Washington, D.C.
330:, Washington, D.C.
146:Jimmie Lee Jackson
129:Fairfield, Alabama
101:Two Minute Warning
52:Fairfield, Alabama
3524:
3523:
3301:Eyes on the Prize
3216:A.G. Gaston Motel
3211:Kelly Ingram Park
3171:Sweatt v. Painter
2855:Mary Louise Smith
2815:Cleveland Sellers
2800:Michael Schwerner
2765:Gloria Richardson
2545:Thurgood Marshall
2465:Bernard Lafayette
2195:John Wesley Dobbs
1709:
1708:
1428:Birmingham attack
1408:Rock Hill sit-ins
1359:Sibley Commission
1354:Nashville sit-ins
1226:Gebhart v. Belton
1212:Briggs v. Elliott
1205:Bolling v. Sharpe
1166:Sweatt v. Painter
918:TimeOut: New York
738:Birmingham Weekly
614:Los Angeles Times
583:on March 24, 2006
364:and James Barker.
358:Selma March 1965,
336:, Birmingham, AL.
305:978-1-4773-0839-4
294:. Austin, Texas:
247:Birmingham Weekly
190:African Americans
176:on 7 March 1965.
106:
105:
3604:
3515:
3514:
3478:Charles M. Payne
3463:Steven F. Lawson
3453:David Halberstam
3423:Clayborne Carson
3164:Hocutt v. Wilson
3111:W. E. B. Du Bois
2960:Sammy Younge Jr.
2945:Q. V. Williamson
2910:Wyatt Tee Walker
2775:Bernice Robinson
2720:Lincoln Ragsdale
2710:Rodney N. Powell
2605:Douglas E. Moore
2480:Sanford R. Leigh
2415:J. Charles Jones
2290:Fannie Lou Hamer
2205:Joseph Ellwanger
2165:Jonathan Daniels
2155:Claudette Colvin
2145:Annie Lee Cooper
2130:Kathleen Cleaver
2125:Eldridge Cleaver
2100:Shirley Chisholm
1990:Gloria Blackwell
1581:workers' murders
1528:"I Have a Dream"
1423:Anniston bombing
1374:Greenville Eight
1289:Little Rock Nine
1252:Browder v. Gayle
1140:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1073:
1072:
1070:Official website
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
994:. Archived from
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
813:
807:
806:
804:
802:
791:
778:
777:
775:
774:
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
740:. Archived from
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
605:
592:
591:
589:
588:
582:
576:. Archived from
571:
562:
556:
555:
553:
551:
536:
523:
522:
520:
518:
501:
476:
475:
473:
471:
454:
413:, Birmingham, AL
316:
314:
312:
172:from Selma into
66:
47:
45:
33:
19:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3509:
3502:
3483:Thomas E. Ricks
3473:Diane McWhorter
3458:Vincent Harding
3443:Adam Fairclough
3410:
3404:
3306:
3261:Freedom Schools
3120:
3053:
3001:
2995:
2986:Omaha, Nebraska
2974:
2890:Hartman Turnbow
2880:Dorothy Tillman
2840:Glenn E. Smiley
2820:Charles Sherrod
2780:Jo Ann Robinson
2655:Charles Neblett
2645:Elijah Muhammad
2610:Harriette Moore
2570:Floyd McKissick
2555:Franklin McCain
2490:Stanley Levison
2355:T. R. M. Howard
2305:Vincent Harding
2235:Walter Fauntroy
2120:Xernona Clayton
2070:John H. Calhoun
2055:Aurelia Browder
2045:Stanley Branche
2040:Raylawni Branch
2020:Joseph E. Boone
2005:Ezell Blair Jr.
2000:Unita Blackwell
1975:Harry Belafonte
1915:Ralph Abernathy
1903:
1839:Nation of Islam
1715:
1705:
1544:
1501:Birmingham riot
1442:Albany Movement
1364:Atlanta sit-ins
1344:Sit-in movement
1327:
1323:Biloxi wade-ins
1295:Cooper v. Aaron
1185:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
937:
936:
932:
922:
920:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
889:
888:
884:
874:
872:
863:
862:
858:
848:
846:
841:
840:
836:
826:
824:
815:
814:
810:
800:
798:
793:
792:
781:
772:
770:
762:
761:
757:
747:
745:
732:
731:
727:
717:
715:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
680:
679:
675:
666:
664:
655:
654:
650:
640:
638:
633:
632:
628:
618:
616:
607:
606:
595:
586:
584:
580:
569:
564:
563:
559:
549:
547:
538:
537:
526:
516:
514:
503:
502:
479:
469:
467:
456:
455:
448:
444:
432:
404:
323:
310:
308:
306:
287:
284:
125:
74:
68:
64:
55:
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3610:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3493:Akinyele Umoja
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3082:Mahatma Gandhi
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2991:South Carolina
2988:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Hosea Williams
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:Hollis Watkins
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:A. Maceo Smith
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2795:Bernie Sanders
2792:
2787:
2785:Angela Russell
2782:
2777:
2772:
2770:David Richmond
2767:
2762:
2760:Walter Reuther
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Cordell Reagon
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:George Raymond
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Charles Person
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Huey P. Newton
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Harry T. Moore
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Cecil B. Moore
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2580:James Meredith
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Clarence Jones
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Zilphia Horton
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Lola Hendricks
2317:
2312:
2310:Dorothy Height
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:Lawrence Guyot
2277:
2272:
2270:Jack Greenberg
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:Andrew Goodman
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:Joseph DeLaine
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Dorothy Cotton
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:J. L. Chestnut
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Amelia Boynton
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Arnold Aronson
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1576:Freedom Summer
1573:
1568:
1566:Bloody Tuesday
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1063:
1062:External links
1060:
1058:
1057:
1035:
1009:
978:
952:
930:
904:
882:
856:
834:
808:
779:
755:
725:
699:
673:
648:
626:
593:
557:
524:
477:
445:
443:
440:
439:
438:
431:
428:
427:
426:
420:
414:
403:
400:
399:
398:
384:
374:
365:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
322:
319:
318:
317:
304:
283:
280:
178:Hosea Williams
154:state troopers
124:
121:
104:
103:
98:
97:Known for
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
69:
67:(aged 64)
61:
57:
56:
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3609:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:2003 suicides
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Timothy Tyson
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Taylor Branch
3416:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Freedom songs
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Jim Crow laws
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:"Oh, Freedom"
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Whitney Young
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:Kale Williams
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Albert Turner
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:A. P. Tureaud
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Bayard Rustin
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:William Moyer
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Joseph McNeil
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Charles McDew
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Benjamin Mays
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Vivian Malone
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Joseph Lowery
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Clyde Kennard
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Vernon Jordan
2423:
2421:
2420:Matthew Jones
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:T. J. Jemison
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Jesse Jackson
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Robert Graetz
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Golden Frinks
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Charles Evers
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Vernon Dahmer
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Septima Clark
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Bruce Boynton
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:James Baldwin
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Mathew Ahmann
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:Youth Council
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:Freedom Rides
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:Prior to 1954
1141:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:Spider Martin
1076:Ed Mullins, "
1075:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
997:
993:
989:
982:
979:
966:
962:
956:
953:
940:
934:
931:
919:
915:
908:
905:
892:
886:
883:
870:
866:
860:
857:
844:
838:
835:
823:
819:
812:
809:
796:
790:
788:
786:
784:
780:
769:
768:Spider Martin
765:
759:
756:
743:
739:
735:
729:
726:
714:
713:Spider Martin
710:
703:
700:
688:
684:
677:
674:
663:on 2005-03-07
662:
658:
652:
649:
636:
630:
627:
615:
611:
604:
602:
600:
598:
594:
579:
575:
568:
561:
558:
546:
542:
535:
533:
531:
529:
525:
513:
512:
507:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
478:
466:
465:
460:
453:
451:
447:
441:
437:
434:
433:
429:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
408:
407:
401:
396:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:Charles Moore
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
320:
307:
301:
297:
293:
292:
286:
285:
281:
279:
277:
272:
270:
266:
261:
260:, from 1965.
259:
254:
252:
248:
245:
243:
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
225:
220:
219:
214:
213:
207:
205:
199:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:Dallas County
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:
136:
134:
133:Hueytown High
130:
122:
120:
118:
114:
110:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
63:April 8, 2003
62:
58:
53:
48:April 1, 1939
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3508:
3448:David Garrow
3428:John Dittmer
3299:
3226:Brown Chapel
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3141:
3098:
2950:Andrew Young
2905:A. T. Walden
2900:C. T. Vivian
2860:Maxine Smith
2695:Homer Plessy
2675:James Orange
2630:Irene Morgan
2585:William Ming
2565:Ralph McGill
2500:Viola Liuzzo
2485:Jim Letherer
2470:James Lawson
2400:Vernon Johns
2390:Esau Jenkins
2345:Myles Horton
2295:Fred Hampton
2285:Prathia Hall
2275:Dick Gregory
2245:Marie Foster
2240:James Forman
2230:James Farmer
2215:Medgar Evers
2175:Angela Davis
2110:Ramsey Clark
2090:James Chaney
2085:Johnnie Carr
2065:Ralph Bunche
2060:H. Rap Brown
2050:Ruby Bridges
2010:Joanne Bland
1985:Claude Black
1965:Marion Barry
1935:Muhammad Ali
1762:
1698:
1691:
1652:
1630:
1599:
1592:
1434:
1395:
1388:
1318:Kissing Case
1293:
1250:
1233:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1172:
1164:
1048:. Retrieved
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:the original
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
996:the original
991:
981:
969:. Retrieved
965:the original
955:
943:. Retrieved
933:
921:. Retrieved
917:
907:
895:. Retrieved
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
859:
847:. Retrieved
837:
825:. Retrieved
821:
811:
799:. Retrieved
771:. Retrieved
767:
758:
746:. Retrieved
742:the original
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
712:
702:
690:. Retrieved
686:
676:
665:. Retrieved
661:the original
651:
639:. Retrieved
629:
617:. Retrieved
613:
585:. Retrieved
578:the original
573:
560:
548:. Retrieved
544:
515:. Retrieved
509:
468:. Retrieved
462:
425:, Austin, TX
405:
386:
376:
367:
357:
345:
339:
309:. Retrieved
290:
273:
262:
255:
250:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
210:
208:
204:Viola Liuzzo
200:
149:
139:
137:
126:
108:
107:
100:
91:Photographer
65:(2003-04-08)
3562:2003 deaths
3557:1939 births
3468:Doug McAdam
3438:Chuck Fager
3065:Nonviolence
2970:James Zwerg
2965:Bob Zellner
2925:Roy Wilkins
2875:Hank Thomas
2810:Pete Seeger
2805:Bobby Seale
2670:Jack O'Dell
2665:Edgar Nixon
2595:Amzie Moore
2590:Jack Minnis
2530:Mae Mallory
2515:Clara Luper
2475:Bernard Lee
2365:Cecil Ivory
2360:Ruby Hurley
2330:Oliver Hill
2325:Aaron Henry
2225:Chuck Fager
2185:Dave Dennis
2075:Guy Carawan
2015:Julian Bond
1980:James Bevel
1970:Daisy Bates
1241:Emmett Till
1124:(1954–1968)
1050:22 February
1028:22 February
1002:22 February
971:22 February
945:22 February
923:22 February
897:22 February
875:22 February
849:22 February
827:22 February
801:22 February
748:22 February
718:22 February
692:22 February
641:22 February
619:22 February
550:22 February
402:Collections
321:Exhibitions
311:22 February
282:Publication
242:Paris Match
230:Der Spiegel
79:Nationality
3531:Categories
3411:historians
3092:Satyagraha
3058:Influences
2750:James Reeb
2685:James Peck
2680:Rosa Parks
2650:Diane Nash
2520:Danny Lyon
2495:John Lewis
2440:A. D. King
2340:James Hood
1955:Ella Baker
1925:Zev Aelony
869:ArtsRevive
773:2018-08-13
667:2006-01-04
587:2007-01-07
517:1 November
442:References
258:Black Star
182:John Lewis
87:Occupation
44:1939-04-01
3070:Padayatra
3019:"Kumbaya"
2979:By region
2635:Bob Moses
2540:Bob Mants
2525:Malcolm X
2445:C.B. King
2265:Fred Gray
1908:Activists
1549:1964–1968
1332:1960–1963
1190:1954–1959
326:Rotunda,
3000:Movement
2430:Tom Kahn
1714:Activist
1134:timeline
764:"Spider"
430:See also
166:tear gas
82:American
3125:Related
2715:Al Raby
1670:funeral
1533:Big Six
470:6 March
267:at the
3311:Legacy
3087:Ahimsa
1716:groups
1177:(1950)
1169:(1950)
1130:Events
871:. 2015
302:
162:batons
73:, U.S.
54:, U.S.
3409:Noted
3002:songs
1822:NAACP
1675:riots
581:(PDF)
570:(PDF)
334:Agnes
236:Stern
160:with
1052:2017
1030:2017
1004:2017
973:2017
947:2017
925:2017
899:2017
877:2017
851:2017
829:2017
803:2017
750:2017
720:2017
694:2017
643:2017
621:2017
552:2017
519:2015
472:2015
313:2017
300:ISBN
263:The
249:and
224:Time
212:Life
180:and
164:and
123:Life
60:Died
38:Born
464:NPR
3533::
990:.
916:.
867:.
820:.
782:^
766:.
736:.
711:.
685:.
612:.
596:^
572:.
543:.
527:^
508:.
480:^
461:.
449:^
298:.
278:.
253:.
239:,
233:,
227:,
221:,
215:,
119:.
3279:"
3275:"
1620:"
1616:"
1460:"
1456:"
1278:"
1274:"
1136:)
1132:(
1114:e
1107:t
1100:v
1083:"
1054:.
1032:.
1006:.
975:.
949:.
927:.
901:.
879:.
853:.
831:.
805:.
776:.
752:.
722:.
696:.
670:.
645:.
623:.
590:.
554:.
521:.
474:.
397:.
315:.
244:,
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
