245:
3579:
197:
2015:"Spokane intransitive success forms, created with -el', emphasize that a subject's control requires extra effort in an event and they focus the duration of this effort well before the event beginning. This makes the predication a result. Thus, their true meaning can only be seen in a larger context."
1592:
nature, Salish-Spokane-Kalispel encodes meaning in single morphemes rather than lexical items. In the
Spokane dialect specifically, the morphemes ¬–nt and –el', denote transitivity and intransitivity, respectively. Meaning, they show whether or not a verb takes a direct object or it does not. For
384:, and intensive training for adults. An online Salish Language Tutor and online Kalispel Salish curriculum are available. A dictionary, "Seliš nyoʔnuntn: Medicine for the Salish Language," was expanded from 186 to 816 pages in 2009; children's books and language CDs are also available.
361:, it does not make a clear distinction between nouns and verbs. Salish is famous for native translations that treat all lexical Salish words as verbs or clauses in English—for instance, translating a two-word Salish clause that would appear to mean "I-killed a-deer" into English as
1822:
The SUCCESS aspect and an OUT-OF-CONTROL morpheme reduplication, found in other Native languages, are commonly found together in
Spokane Salish. An OUT-OF-CONTROL reduplication morpheme denotes that the action was done by accident. Below, (5), (6) and (7) exemplify this.
1051:, respectively, when those precede uvulars, or precede or follow pharyngeals. Unstressed vowels are inserted to break up certain consonant clusters, with the vowel quality determined by the adjacent consonants. The epenthetic vowel is often realized as
1705:
Something that is unique to the
Spokane dialect is the SUCCESS aspect morpheme: -nu. The SUCCESS marker allows the denotation that the act took more effort than it normally would otherwise. In (3) and (4) we can see this particular transformation.
390:
offers Salish language courses, and trains Salish language teachers at its Native
American Language Teacher Training Institute as a part of its ongoing efforts to preserve the language. As of May 2013, the organization
983:"killdeer" has a tee-esh sequence. All stop consonants are clearly released, even in clusters or word-finally. Though they are generally not aspirated, aspiration often occurs before obstruents and
2018:
That is to say, that for intransitive instances it is context driven and therefore extra context is needed in order to use the morpheme –el'. Example (8) derived from (1) illustrates this:
2249:
3620:
3615:
2943:
3408:
3094:
467:, or between two unlike sonorants. (Differences in glottalization do not cause epenthesis, and in long sequences not all pairs are separated, for example in
206:
2542:
2234:
2508:
3610:
2275:
402:
are popular for children's holiday programs, which have been broadcast over the Salish
Kootenai College television station, and Salish-language
2566:
2591:
2228:
2647:
1329:
1412:
2324:
1593:
example, in (1) and (2), the single morphemes illustrate these properties rather than it being encoded in the verb as it is in
English.
1272:
716:
3605:
3401:
3008:
1279:
723:
3035:
3087:
1336:
1205:
780:
647:
427:
2774:
Carlson, Barry. "Situation aspect and a
Spokane control morpheme." International Journal of American Linguistics (1996): 59-69.
2395:
1071:
The consonant inventory of
Spokane differs from Salish somewhat, including plain and glottalized central alveolar approximants
217:
30:
This article is about the
Salishan language spoken in Montana and Washington State. For the family of Salishan languages, see
2913:
2849:
2458:
2366:
794:
2981:
3583:
3394:
3173:
2891:
1322:
1196:
766:
661:
638:
183:
2965:
3625:
3080:
1503:
1423:
1368:
1265:
878:
812:
709:
415:
317:
3425:
2300:
1575:. There is one main stress in each word, though the location of stress is determined in a complex way (Black 1996).
2337:
1405:
1350:
1189:
1182:
1104:
860:
631:
624:
325:
3554:
3343:
3302:
2484:
114:
73:
3564:
3559:
3490:
1219:
244:
227:
340:
2425:
2211:
3348:
3262:
3255:
3219:
2520:
387:
344:
3066:
2621:
3127:
1589:
1536:
1481:
1476:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1450:
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1258:
1251:
1097:
1076:
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1060:
1056:
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1036:
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1028:
1024:
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1016:
999:
995:
991:
953:
938:
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924:
919:
914:
907:
902:
702:
695:
534:
509:
476:
472:
468:
449:
351:
2622:"Tribes keep language alive : Recent conference led by the Kalispels draws hundreds of participants"
1394:
1387:
867:
853:
847:
838:
831:
801:
787:
773:
744:
737:
730:
668:
654:
3054:
328:
of
Washington. As of 2012, Salish is "critically endangered" in Montana and Idaho according to UNESCO.
2833:
Seliš u Qlispé Nuwewlštn, The Salish & Pend d'Oreille Comprehensive, Sequenced Language Curriculum
3498:
3462:
3452:
3434:
3417:
2809:
1293:
1116:
549:
488:
2992:
3204:
2599:
501:
460:
407:
3472:
3442:
3287:
3213:
3103:
2937:
2753:
2701:
1092:
688:
529:
464:
377:
321:
305:
109:
31:
3447:
3353:
3327:
3317:
3269:
3224:
3167:
3004:
2786:
2693:
2224:
1141:
1121:
574:
554:
2885:
3549:
3529:
3322:
3248:
3188:
3153:
3001:
Seliš nyoʔnuntn = Medicine for the Salish language: English to Salish translation dictionary
2745:
2685:
1490:
1111:
1087:
949:
524:
419:
399:
266:
347:(Séliš). The total ethnic population was 8,000 in 1977, but most have switched to English.
3508:
3503:
3457:
3183:
3117:
2969:
2012:
The intransitive morpheme that describes extra effort is –el'. Barry Carlson states that:
541:
505:
492:
355:
309:
101:
77:
2791:
3377:
3230:
3193:
3142:
2986:
2814:
The Kalispel Language, An Outline of the Grammar with Text, Translations and Dictionary
2768:"Phonetic Structures of Montana Salish". Flemming, Ladefoged, & Thomason, 1994. In
2431:
2041:
1959:
1667:
964:
896:
373:
336:
81:
2567:"Valley Journal: Translating tradition: Salish language accents Arlee holiday concert"
175:
3599:
3513:
3178:
2757:
2705:
1568:
1430:
1357:
1343:
1300:
1286:
1226:
1212:
1153:
885:
605:
593:
581:
495:
411:
381:
358:
332:
62:
3029:
2796:
2403:
2921:
2842:
2720:
1237:
679:
2857:
2462:
2374:
3069:, from Seliš Nuwewlštn, A Beginning Course in Salish & Pend d'Oreille Dialect
3160:
2975:
2950:
2832:
196:
188:
17:
3041:
2837:
2770:
UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 87: Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages II
2430:
The Buffalo Post, a news blog about Native people and the world we live in, at
2185:
3147:
2899:
2689:
2167:
2162:
2153:
2148:
984:
453:
3003:(2nd ed.). Pablo, MT : Lincoln, NE: Salish Kootenai College Press.
2875:
2697:
2962:
1312:
968:
960:
756:
350:
As is the case of many other languages of northern North America, Salish is
168:
142:
3017:
2892:"Flathead, aka Kalispel, Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille, Kalispel-Pend D'oreille"
2872:
Seliš Nuwewlštn, A Beginning Course in Salish & Pend d'Oreille Dialect
2797:
Information on how its transcription does not fully indicate pronunciation
2736:
Carlson, Barry (1996). "Situation aspect and a Spokane control morpheme".
158:
151:
2345:
2063:
1970:
1897:
1780:
1689:
1584:
OC:out-of-control morpheme reduplication SUCCESS:success aspect morpheme
1376:
1134:
979:
973:
820:
567:
513:
423:
249:
235:
223:
1992:
1919:
1857:
1802:
1740:
1627:
430:
regarding appropriate Salish-language signage for the City of Missoula.
406:
has become popular at the annual Celebrating Salish Conference, held in
3386:
1171:
613:
403:
313:
308:, is a Salishan language spoken (as of 2005) by about 64 elders of the
231:
3060:
2880:
2871:
2437:
395:("Strong Young People") is teaching language classes in high schools.
3072:
2648:"Missoula councilors seek tribal elders' help for 'wayfinding' signs"
2220:
203:
2749:
1572:
987:
456:
243:
2543:"Language Preservation Made Vance Home Gun a Champion for Change"
2327:" All Things Considered - NPR, May 2, 2015. Accessed May 3, 2015.
2951:
OLAC resources in and about the Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille language
2722:
The morphological and phonological structures of Spokane lexemes
500:
to which Salish belongs. It is also unusual in lacking a simple
3390:
3076:
2676:
Esling, John H.; Carlson, Barry F. (December 2000). "Spokane".
491:, which are rare worldwide and uncommon but not unusual in the
2325:
Montana Offers A Boost To Native Language Immersion Programs
2052:
1981:
1908:
1846:
1791:
1729:
1678:
1616:
1571:, typically based on roots with CVC(C) structure, plus many
2250:"School keeping Salish language thriving in new generation"
516:), though again this is known elsewhere in the Mosan area.
372:
Salish is taught at the Nkwusm Salish Immersion School, in
275:
2426:"Salish language dictionary expands from 186 pages to 816"
284:
234:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2827:
2792:
A Dictionary of the Kalispel or Flat-Head Indian Language
1996:
1923:
1861:
1806:
1744:
1631:
977:"tender, sore" has a sequence of two affricates, whereas
281:
2210:
Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010).
248:
Salish Language Revitalization Institute school bus in
202:
Kalispel is classified as Critically Endangered by the
272:
278:
3542:
3522:
3489:
3471:
3433:
3424:
3336:
3310:
3301:
3279:
3240:
3135:
3126:
3110:
2129:'He kept missing, but finally he got to kill (one)'
269:
182:
166:
140:
135:
98:
88:
68:
57:
39:
2126:{he missed} and finally and {he got to kill (one)}
2678:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2671:
2669:
2667:
2186:"Endangered Languages - Salish-Spokane-Kalispel"
3621:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
2828:Nkwusm Salish Language Revitalization Institute
994:"a fat little belly" is pronounced ; likewise,
324:, and by another 50 elders (as of 2000) of the
422:names for towns, rivers, and streams, and the
3402:
3088:
2738:International Journal of American Linguistics
1079:, and a uvular series instead of post-velar.
479:→ "toilet". No word may begin with a vowel.
8:
2942:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2881:Language of the Kalispel, Gonzaga University
2804:An Edition of Father Post's Kalispel Grammar
948:The post-velars are normally transcribed as
2008:'I managed to stab it/him/her by accident.'
3430:
3409:
3395:
3387:
3307:
3132:
3095:
3081:
3073:
2276:"Nkwusm works to preserve Salish language"
195:
36:
3032:, Salish-Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee
2972:, Salish/Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee
2876:Flashcards, Snʔawʔawtn 2: Level 2, Book 2
2509:"New Push Begins To Save Salish Language"
2816:. Oslo: I kommisjon hos J. Dybwad, 1940.
2806:. Missoula: University of Montana, 1980.
2795:. : St. Ignatius Print, Montana, 1877. (
2213:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1081:
990:before sonorants. For example, the word
518:
207:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
27:Indigenous language of the United States
3616:Native American language revitalization
2982:Learn Spokane Salish Picture Dictionary
2843:Salish language, Kalispel Tribe website
2138:
428:Salish-Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee
418:were including the historic Salish and
228:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2987:Dictionaries, Language of the Kalispel
2935:
2459:"Nkwusm - Salish Language Merchandise"
978:
972:
189:Kalispel-Spokane-Pend d'Oreille-Salish
2850:"Salish Language Tutor, Story Teller"
2725:(PhD thesis). University of Victoria.
2144:
2142:
1084:
521:
7:
2802:Post, John A., and Brenda J. Speck.
2592:"2013 Celebrating Salish Conference"
1015:Spokane vowels show five contrasts:
2920:Connolly, Thomas E., S. J. (1958).
2626:The Spokesman-Review, Spokesman.com
2547:Indian Country Today Media Network
2280:Indian Country Today Media Network
2237:from the original on 23 July 2022.
25:
3044:- Audio Bible stories and lessons
2845:, written and audio online course
2541:Schilling, Vincent (2013-05-11).
1502:
1429:
1422:
1411:
1404:
1393:
1386:
1367:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
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1264:
1257:
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1236:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1181:
884:
877:
866:
859:
852:
846:
837:
830:
811:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
765:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
678:
667:
660:
653:
646:
637:
630:
623:
3578:
3577:
2299:Sakariassen, Alex (2014-03-20).
265:
3611:Indigenous languages of Montana
3018:Salish language flashcard decks
2838:Char-Koosta News Salish lessons
2519:(4). 2010-04-01. Archived from
2424:Cederberg, Jenna (2009-01-10).
2005:stab -OC -SUCCESS -TR -1sg.SUBJ
1935:'I managed to stab it/him/her.'
1063:before alveolars and palatals.
998:"woodtick" is pronounced , and
2305:Missoula Independent: Features
1818:'I had a hard time marking it'
354:; like other languages of the
1:
3061:Nkwusm Salish Language School
2914:Salish language books and CDs
2483:Brooks Johnson (2012-12-06).
2274:Ratledge, Mark (2009-07-07).
1035:, but almost all examples of
304:to distinguish it from other
3038:, UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive
2993:English to Salish Dictionary
2896:Endangered Languages Project
2719:Black, Deirdre Jean (1996).
2646:Devlin, Vince (2013-10-15).
2248:Kim Briggeman (2012-09-02).
2072:{die, kill} -OC -TR -SUCCESS
1698:{die, kill} -OC -TR -SUCCESS
1059:before rounded uvulars, and
410:. As of 2013, many signs on
2957:Vocabulary and dictionaries
1932:stab -SUCCESS -TR -1sg.SUBJ
1815:mark -SUCCESS -TR -1sg.SUBJ
426:was seeking input from the
416:Flathead Indian Reservation
363:I killed it. It was a deer.
331:Dialects are spoken by the
318:Kalispel Indian Reservation
3642:
3042:Flathead-Kalispel language
2620:Hval, Cindy (2013-03-14).
380:offer language classes, a
326:Spokane Indian Reservation
74:Pend d'Oreilles (Kalispel)
29:
3606:Interior Salish languages
3573:
3371:
3036:Montana Salish (Flathead)
2690:10.1017/S0025100300006708
2123:šíč'l' u ʔax̩í u pllstél'
1489:
1375:
1311:
1235:
1170:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1086:
819:
755:
677:
612:
553:
548:
545:
533:
528:
523:
298:Kalispel–Spokane–Flathead
214:
194:
44:
971:sequences. For example,
475:→ "red raspberry", and
459:which occurs between an
448:Salish has five vowels,
3057:Salish Kootenai College
2573:. Ronan, MT. 2011-12-21
2219:(3rd ed.). Paris:
2173:(subscription required)
2159:(subscription required)
1873:'I stabbed it/him/her.'
388:Salish Kootenai College
368:Language revitalization
294:Kalispel–Pend d'oreille
2999:Pete, Tachini (2010).
2976:Sounds of the Kalispel
2923:Quay-Lem U En-Chow-Men
2075:'He got to kill (one)'
1701:'He got to kill (one)'
1640:open(ed) -TR -1sg.SUBJ
974:[ʔiɬt͡ʃt͡ʃeˀn]
253:
216:This article contains
3328:Thompson River Salish
2396:"Language Curriculum"
1643:'I made a hole in it'
954:q, qʼ, χ, qʷ, qʷʼ, χʷ
489:pharyngeal consonants
424:Missoula City Council
247:
155: – Flathead
3418:Languages of Montana
2874:, Salish Institute,
2785:Giorda, Joseph, and
2489:Missoula Independent
2190:Endangered Languages
2119:he got to kill (one)
996:/t͡ʃt͡ʃt͡sʼéˀlʃt͡ʃn/
980:[stiʕít.ʃən]
376:. Public schools in
162: – Spokane
2886:Spokane Salish Blog
2367:"Language Software"
2002:tuʔ -VC -nu -nt -en
502:lateral approximant
408:Spokane, Washington
94:70 (2009-2013)
3104:Salishan languages
2978:, English-Kalispel
2968:2014-04-27 at the
2301:"A loss for words"
1870:stab -TR -1sg.SUBJ
1753:mark -TR -1sg.SUBJ
1567:Spokane words are
465:sonorant consonant
378:Kalispell, Montana
306:Salishan languages
254:
32:Salishan languages
3593:
3592:
3538:
3537:
3523:Language isolates
3384:
3383:
3378:extinct languages
3367:
3366:
3354:Colville-Okanagan
3297:
3296:
2787:Gregory Mengarini
2230:978-92-3-104096-2
2171:(18th ed., 2015)
2157:(18th ed., 2015)
2069:puls -VC -st -el'
1695:puls -VC -st -el'
1560:
1559:
1531:
1497:
1442:
1383:
1247:
1178:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1043:are lowered from
992:/t͡ʃɬkʷkʷtˀnéˀws/
959:Salish contrasts
950:uvular consonants
946:
945:
899:
827:
691:
620:
608:
601:
596:
589:
584:
577:
570:
563:
345:Bitterroot Salish
312:in north central
242:
241:
224:rendering support
220:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
3633:
3581:
3580:
3550:American English
3431:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3388:
3308:
3174:Northern Straits
3133:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3014:
2947:
2941:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2898:. Archived from
2868:
2866:
2865:
2856:. Archived from
2762:
2761:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2673:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2652:Ravalli Republic
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2598:. Archived from
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2461:. Archived from
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2436:. Archived from
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2402:. Archived from
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2373:. Archived from
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2344:. Archived from
2334:
2328:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2218:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2160:
2146:
2065:
2054:
2043:
1998:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1925:
1921:
1910:
1899:
1863:
1859:
1848:
1812:ɫip' -nu -nt- en
1808:
1804:
1793:
1782:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1691:
1680:
1669:
1633:
1629:
1618:
1538:
1529:
1506:
1495:
1483:
1478:
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1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1415:
1408:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1371:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1176:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1001:
997:
993:
982:
976:
955:
940:
935:
926:
921:
916:
909:
904:
895:
888:
881:
870:
863:
856:
850:
841:
834:
825:
815:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
687:
682:
671:
664:
657:
650:
641:
634:
627:
618:
604:
599:
592:
587:
580:
573:
566:
561:
519:
511:
506:velar consonants
478:
474:
470:
451:
400:Christmas carols
398:Salish-language
393:Yoyoot Skʷkʷimlt
322:Washington state
320:in northeastern
292:, also known as
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
199:
178:
161:
154:
145:
104:
37:
21:
18:Spokane language
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3626:Pend d'Oreilles
3596:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3569:
3534:
3518:
3485:
3467:
3420:
3415:
3385:
3380:
3363:
3332:
3303:Interior Salish
3293:
3275:
3236:
3122:
3106:
3101:
3063:YouTube channel
3055:Salish Language
3051:
3026:
3011:
2998:
2970:Wayback Machine
2959:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2919:
2905:
2903:
2890:
2863:
2861:
2848:
2824:
2819:
2781:
2779:Further reading
2765:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2684:(1–2): 97–102.
2675:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2631:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2493:
2491:
2485:"Beyond Belief"
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2216:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2161:
2158:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2056:
2045:
2034:
2026:
2023:
2010:
2000:
1985:
1974:
1963:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1929:ɫuʔ -nu -nt -en
1927:
1912:
1901:
1890:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1850:
1839:
1831:
1828:
1820:
1810:
1795:
1784:
1773:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1733:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1703:
1693:
1682:
1671:
1660:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1620:
1609:
1601:
1598:
1586:
1581:
1565:
1106:
1099:
1069:
1013:
1008:
536:
512:only occurs in
485:
446:
441:
436:
370:
341:Pend d'Oreilles
310:Flathead Nation
268:
264:
222:Without proper
210:
209:
174:
157:
156:
150:
149:
141:
131:
115:Interior Salish
105:
102:Language family
100:
91:
90:Native speakers
82:Spokane peoples
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3491:Western Siouan
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3481:Montana Salish
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3359:Montana Salish
3356:
3351:
3349:Columbia-Moses
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3263:Upper Chehalis
3259:
3256:Lower Chehalis
3252:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3067:Salish stories
3064:
3058:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:978-1934594063
3009:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2917:
2911:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2869:
2854:Kalispel Tribe
2846:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2822:External links
2820:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2800:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2750:10.1086/466275
2728:
2711:
2663:
2638:
2612:
2596:Kalispel Tribe
2583:
2571:Valley Journal
2558:
2533:
2500:
2475:
2450:
2432:The Missoulian
2416:
2400:Kalispel Tribe
2387:
2358:
2342:Kalispel Tribe
2329:
2323:Martin, Amy. "
2316:
2291:
2266:
2256:. Missoula, MT
2254:The Missoulian
2240:
2229:
2202:
2176:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2057:
2046:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1953:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1913:
1902:
1891:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1851:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1796:
1785:
1774:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1734:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1683:
1672:
1661:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1621:
1610:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1068:
1065:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
944:
943:
941:
936:
931:
929:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:
905:
900:
892:
891:
889:
882:
875:
873:
871:
864:
857:
844:
842:
835:
828:
823:
817:
816:
809:
807:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
761:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
684:
683:
676:
674:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
642:
635:
628:
621:
616:
610:
609:
602:
597:
590:
585:
578:
571:
564:
558:
557:
552:
547:
544:
539:
532:
527:
522:
484:
481:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
374:Arlee, Montana
369:
366:
335:(Npoqínišcn),
302:Montana Salish
262:Séliš language
240:
239:
226:, you may see
212:
211:
201:
200:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
172:
164:
163:
146:
138:
137:
136:Language codes
133:
132:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
108:
106:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
70:
66:
65:
59:
55:
54:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3638:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3586:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Coeur d’Alene
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2916:, from Nkwusm
2915:
2912:
2902:on 2016-03-17
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2860:on 2014-03-17
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2628:. Spokane, WA
2627:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2602:on 2013-07-29
2601:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2523:on 2012-06-30
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2465:on 2013-02-01
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2440:on 2016-03-05
2439:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2406:on 2014-03-17
2405:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2377:on 2014-03-17
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2348:on 2013-03-15
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2203:
2191:
2187:
2184:Lewis, Paul.
2180:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1757:
1756:'I marked it'
1754:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:ɫox̩ʷ -nt -en
1634:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1594:
1591:
1590:polysynthetic
1585:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:polysynthetic
1562:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1066:
1064:
1010:
1005:
1003:
989:
986:
981:
975:
970:
966:
962:
957:
951:
942:
937:
932:
930:
928:
923:
918:
913:
911:
906:
901:
898:
894:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
876:
874:
872:
869:
865:
862:
858:
855:
849:
845:
843:
840:
836:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
808:
806:
803:
799:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
768:
764:
762:
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758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
686:
685:
681:
675:
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2963:Salish Words
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2371:Story Teller
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3499:Assiniboine
3463:Plains Cree
3453:Gros Ventre
3161:Lushootseed
3111:Bella Coola
1867:ɫuʔ -nt -en
1441:glottalized
1055:, but also
897:glottalized
546:Post-velar
504:and simple
487:Salish has
471:→ "tale",
339:(Qalispé),
316:and of the
230:instead of
84:(1977–1997)
61:Northwest,
3600:Categories
3435:Algonquian
3426:Indigenous
3148:Halkomelem
2929:2014-03-01
2906:2013-02-18
2864:2013-02-18
2810:Vogt, Hans
2657:2013-10-24
2632:2013-03-27
2606:2013-02-18
2577:2013-04-07
2552:2013-05-13
2527:2013-04-07
2494:2013-04-07
2469:2013-04-07
2444:2013-04-07
2410:2013-04-07
2381:2013-02-18
2352:2013-02-18
2338:"Language"
2310:2014-03-28
2285:2013-04-07
2260:2012-09-06
2168:Ethnologue
2154:Ethnologue
2134:References
1588:Given its
1579:Morphology
1117:Pharyngeal
1067:Consonants
985:epenthetic
961:affricates
956:⟩.
952:: ⟨
550:Pharyngeal
497:Sprachbund
483:Consonants
473:/ʔlˀlát͡s/
454:epenthetic
452:, plus an
51:Npoqínišcn
3543:Immigrant
3443:Blackfoot
3376:indicate
3288:Tillamook
3280:Tillamook
3214:Pentlatch
3199:Semiahmoo
2938:cite book
2758:144257278
2744:: 59–69.
2706:232350027
2698:1475-3502
2513:Canku Ota
2434:newspaper
2087:he missed
2032:die, kill
1658:die, kill
1313:Fricative
969:fricative
757:Fricative
514:loanwords
477:/sˀnmˀné/
461:obstruent
434:Phonology
169:Glottolog
143:ISO 639-3
69:Ethnicity
3584:Category
3473:Salishan
3448:Cheyenne
3337:Southern
3318:Lillooet
3311:Northern
3270:Quinault
3241:Tsamosan
3225:Squamish
3220:shíshálh
3205:T'Sou-ke
3189:Songhees
3168:Nooksack
2966:Archived
2235:Archived
2195:19 April
2149:Flathead
2116:pllstél'
2025:pllstél'
1607:open(ed)
1600:ɫx̥ʷntén
1530:glottal.
1377:Sonorant
1246:ejective
1135:sibilant
1100:alveolar
1093:Alveolar
821:Sonorant
689:ejective
568:sibilant
537:alveolar
530:Alveolar
337:Kalispel
250:Missoula
236:Help:IPA
176:kali1307
119:Southern
110:Salishan
78:Flathead
3555:Spanish
3530:Kutenai
3374:Italics
3323:Shuswap
3249:Cowlitz
3184:Saanich
3154:Klallam
3136:Central
2989:, 1800s
2163:Spokane
2103:finally
2064:SUCCESS
1971:SUCCESS
1943:tuʔʔnún
1898:SUCCESS
1830:ɫuʔntén
1781:SUCCESS
1713:ɫp'ntén
1690:SUCCESS
1651:pllstél
1573:affixes
1172:Plosive
1142:lateral
1122:Glottal
1006:Spokane
1000:/ppíˀl/
614:Plosive
575:lateral
555:Glottal
469:/sqllú/
450:/aeiou/
420:Kutenai
414:in the
404:karaoke
333:Spokane
314:Montana
232:Unicode
148:Either:
3565:French
3560:German
3509:Lakota
3504:Stoney
3458:Ojibwe
3194:Samish
3118:Nuxálk
3007:
2995:, 2005
2756:
2704:
2696:
2227:
2221:UNESCO
2084:šíč'l'
1881:ɫuʔnún
1764:ɫp'nún
1563:Stress
1491:Rhotic
1165:labial
1154:labial
1112:Uvular
1105:Labio-
1088:Labial
1011:Vowels
988:schwas
606:labial
594:labial
582:labial
525:Labial
463:and a
444:Vowels
439:Salish
343:, and
258:Salish
252:, 2011
204:UNESCO
123:Salish
72:8,000
58:Region
40:Salish
3231:Twana
3179:Lummi
3143:Comox
3049:Video
3024:Audio
2754:S2CID
2702:S2CID
2217:(PDF)
2100:ʔax̩í
1604:ɫox̩ʷ
1496:plain
1382:plain
1177:plain
1160:plain
1148:plain
1129:plain
1107:velar
1098:Post-
1002:is .
963:with
826:plain
619:plain
600:plain
588:plain
562:plain
542:Velar
535:Post-
493:Mosan
457:schwa
356:Mosan
300:, or
53:(spo)
48:(fla)
46:Séliš
3514:Crow
3005:ISBN
2944:link
2694:ISSN
2225:ISBN
2197:2018
2059:-el'
2029:puls
1997:SUBJ
1950:stab
1924:SUBJ
1888:stab
1862:SUBJ
1837:stab
1807:SUBJ
1787:-nt-
1771:mark
1768:ɫip'
1745:SUBJ
1720:mark
1717:ɫip'
1685:-el'
1655:puls
1632:SUBJ
1077:/ˀɹ/
1075:and
1047:and
1039:and
1031:and
965:stop
745:k̠ʷʼ
731:k̟ʷʼ
256:The
2746:doi
2686:doi
2165:at
2151:at
2111:and
2095:and
2080:(9)
2048:-st
2037:-VC
2022:(8)
1993:1sg
1988:-en
1977:-nt
1966:-nu
1955:-VC
1947:tuʔ
1940:(7)
1920:1sg
1915:-en
1904:-nt
1893:-nu
1885:ɫuʔ
1878:(6)
1858:1sg
1853:-en
1842:-nt
1834:ɫuʔ
1827:(5)
1803:1sg
1776:-nu
1761:(4)
1741:1sg
1736:-en
1725:-nt
1710:(3)
1674:-st
1663:-VC
1648:(2)
1628:1sg
1623:-en
1612:-nt
1597:(1)
1482:ˀʕʷ
1301:qʷʼ
1287:kʷʼ
1280:tʃʼ
1273:tɬʼ
1266:tsʼ
1073:/ɹ/
1061:/ɪ/
1057:/ɔ/
1053:/ə/
1049:/u/
1045:/e/
1041:/o/
1037:/a/
1033:/u/
1029:/o/
1025:/i/
1021:/e/
1017:/a/
939:ˀʕʷ
925:ˀw̟
802:x̠ʷ
788:x̟ʷ
738:k̠ʼ
724:tʃʼ
717:tɬʼ
710:tsʼ
669:k̠ʷ
655:k̟ʷ
510:/k/
260:or
218:IPA
184:ELP
159:spo
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868:w̟
854:ᵈɮ
851:~
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774:ᵗɬ
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