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key to improved sporting performance and athletes may perform better if they are able to relax mentally and focus on the task at hand. Hypnosis may help athletes attain relaxation during practise and competition. Hypnosis may also help to control anxiety and manage stress in athletes. Athletes may develop auto-response to preestablished stimuli which is geared towards achieving optimal performance levels. Sports
Hypnosis can also eliminate phobic responses, such as 'Trigger Freeze' in the Clay Pigeon Shooter, 'Target Panic' in the Archer and Fears of further injury in sports people following injury.
412:, nutrition, physiology and sports psychology. Generally sports hypnosis is studied within the field of sports psychology, which examines the impact of psychological variables on athletes' performance. While sports psychology began to be studied around the 1920s, the study and use of hypnosis was not documented until the 1950s. Members of the
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The impact of hypnosis on various aspects of sporting performance has been studied. Research has studied the role of hypnosis in enhancing basketball skills, on flow-state and golf-putting performance, its impact on long-distance runners, on archery performance and on flow states and short-serve in
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Hypnosis is one of several techniques that athletes may employ to accomplish their sporting goals and it is equally beneficial to coaches as well as athletes. Hypnosis may do for the mind what physical activity does for the body of an athlete. The theory behind sports hypnosis is that relaxation is
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functions. The mental state of athletes during training and competition is said to impact performance. Hypnosis is a form of mental training and can therefore contribute to enhancing athletic execution. Sports hypnosis is used by athletes, coaches and psychologists.
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The use of hypnosis in sports offers the following potential benefits that may help athletes handle personal challenges that would otherwise negatively affect sporting performance. Hypnosis:
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and sports, as a performance enhancement tool. Sports hypnosis incorporates cognitive and sports science methodologies. Hypnosis in sports therefore overlaps with areas such as
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William P., Morgan (2002). "Hypnosis in sport and exercise psychology". In Van Raalte, Judy L.; Brewer, Britton W. (eds.).
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Pates, John; Oliver, Rachael; Maynard, Ian (2001). "The effects of hypnosis on flow states and golf-putting performance".
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Robazza, Claudio; Bortoli, Laura (December 1995). "A case study of improved performance in archery using hypnosis".
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refers to the use of hypnotherapy with athletes in order to enhance sporting performance. Hypnosis in sports has
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819:(2nd ed.). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, xxiii, 561 pp. pp. 151–181.
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Hall, C. R. (2001). "Imagery in sport and exercise". In Singer, R.; Hausenblas, H.; Janelle, C. (eds.).
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Although not referred to as hypnosis, professional athletes and teams have used an approach called
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team are said to have made use of hypnosis as a performance-enhancing tool around this time.
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Robazza, Claudio; Bortoli, Laura (1994). "Hypnosis in sport: An isomorphic model".
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Shhh, Hypnotic Work in
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724:. College of Education, Washington State University. pp. 1–145.
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Callen, K.E. (1983). "Auto-Hypnosis in long distance runners".
431:, which is much similar to techniques used in sports hypnosis.
616:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 20–77.
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Hypnosis has been used in various professions including
875:"The effects of hypnosis on flowstates and performance"
570:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 529–549.
693:Unlimited sports success: The power of hypnosis
673:International Journal of Table Tennis Sciences
468:Provides the ability to eliminate distractions
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450:Helps to reinforce established sporting goals
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584:Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology
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612:. In Green, C. D.; Benjamin, L. T. (eds.).
453:Aids athletes to better handle nervousness
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568:Handbook of research in sport psychology
817:Exploring sport and exercise psychology
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782:American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
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90:Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
737:Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
581:Weinberg, R.S.; Gould, D. (2010).
465:Eliminates sports phobia responses
301:Hypnotherapy in the United Kingdom
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587:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
717:Vasquez, B. L. (December 2005).
637:Hartman, Randy J. (2000-09-29).
474:Increases performance motivation
794:10.1080/00029157.1983.10404135
512:"Demystifying sports hypnosis"
510:Paccagnella, Michelle (2004).
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873:Pates, J.; Palmi, J. (2002).
690:Mycoe, Stephen (2001-05-01).
459:Facilitates stress management
321:Neuro-linguistic programming
901:Perceptual and Motor Skills
844:10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1364
832:Perceptual and Motor Skills
614:Psychology gets in the game
539:Liggett, Donald R. (2000).
471:Assists in controlling pain
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759:10.1080/104132001753226238
278:André Muller Weitzenhoffer
233:Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault
913:10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.963
477:Improves bodily awareness
456:Contributes to relaxation
37:Age regression in therapy
178:William Collins Engledue
108:Theodore Xenophon Barber
462:Increases concentration
311:Hypnotic susceptibility
956:Performance psychology
882:Journal of Excellence
385:performance-enhancing
153:Robert Hanham Collyer
666:"Hypnosis in Sports"
664:Scott, M.J. (1992).
608:Bäumler, G. (2009).
326:Posthypnotic amnesia
316:Ideomotor phenomenon
243:Martin Theodore Orne
213:Josephine R. Hilgard
143:William Joseph Bryan
258:Marquis of Puységur
148:Jean-Martin Charcot
138:John Milne Bramwell
85:History of hypnosis
545:. Human Kinetics.
306:Hypnotic induction
268:Theodore R. Sarbin
183:Milton H. Erickson
123:Alexandre Bertrand
118:Hippolyte Bernheim
838:(3f): 1364–1366.
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133:James Braid
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679:: 123–125.
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331:Suggestion
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158:Émile Coué
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398:dentistry
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