242:
219:
116:
141:
248:
147:
1109:. Topoisomerases change DNA by transiently breaking one or both strands, passing the unbroken DNA strand or strands through the break and repairing the break; the broken ends of the DNA are covalently linked to topoisomerase. SPO11 is similarly attached to the DNA when it forms double-strand breaks during meiosis.
1169:
undergo meiotic crossover recombination and proper chromosome segregation when dU:dG lesions are produced in their DNA. This crossover recombination does not involve the formation of large numbers of double-strand breaks, but does require uracil DNA-glycosylase, an enzyme that removes uracil from
1205:
processing (Farah et al., 2005). Both crossover and non-crossover recombination were increased but double-strand breaks were undetectable. On the basis of the biochemical properties of the rad2 deletion, it was proposed that meiotic recombination can be initiated by DNA lesions other than
1090:. Its active site contains a tyrosine which ligates and dissociates with DNA to promote break formation. One Spo11 protein is involved per strand of DNA, thus two Spo11 proteins are involved in each double stranded break event.
48:, CT35, SPATA43, TOPVIA, initiator of meiotic double stranded breaks, SPO11 initiator of meiotic double stranded breaks, Meiotic recombination, Spo11, Meiotic_Spo11, IPR013048, Spo11, TOPOVIA
1136:
mutants are alleviated by X-irradiation. This finding indicates that X-ray induced DNA damages can initiate crossover recombination leading to proper disjunction independently of SPO11.
1209:
The above findings indicate that DNA damages arising from a variety of sources can be repaired by meiotic recombination and that such a process can occur independently of SPO11.
255:
154:
1280:). Bloomfield speculated that dormant cells in the soil might be exposed to many kinds of stress, such as desiccation or radiation, that could induce spontaneous
1147:
is ordinarily employed in the initiation of meiotic recombination. However, radiation induced-breaks can also initiate recombination in mutants deleted for this
1170:
the DNA phosphodiester backbone and initiates base excision repair. Thus, it was proposed that base excision repair of DNA damage such as a uracil base, an
777:
758:
77:
1668:"Activation of an alternative, rec12 (spo11)-independent pathway of fission yeast meiotic recombination in the absence of a DNA flap endonuclease"
1206:
double-strand breaks, such as nicks and gaps which accumulate during premeiotic DNA replication when
Okasaki fragment processing is deficient.
1872:
1500:
1364:
1346:
1121:
recombination. However, recombination may also occur by alternative SPO11-independent mechanisms that can be studied experimentally using
241:
1020:
1013:
218:
1281:
1333:
1312:
1567:"Meiotic recombination in C. elegans initiates by a conserved mechanism and is dispensable for homologous chromosome synapsis"
140:
115:
1329:
1157:
of cytosine resulting in the dU:dG mismatch is one of the most common single-base-altering lesions in non-replicating DNA.
1308:
57:
1197:
is deficient in meiotic recombination. However recombination can be restored to near normal levels by a deletion in
254:
153:
247:
146:
1273:
1264:
1251:
1245:
1094:
822:
65:
1097:
can begin with a break in both strands of DNA—called a double-strand break—and recombination is started by an
803:
1284:. Such damage would make the induction of double-strand breaks by Spo11 redundant for the initiation of
1285:
1087:
129:
1821:
1759:"An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in Trichomonas vaginalis"
1450:
1395:
44:
1259:
992:
988:
984:
933:
925:
921:
1382:
Vrielynck N, Chambon A, Vezon D, Pereira L, Chelysheva L, De Muyt A, et al. (February 2016).
1596:
1474:
1419:
89:
996:
963:
959:
929:
900:
896:
1877:
1849:
1790:
1739:
1697:
1648:
1588:
1547:
1496:
1466:
1411:
1202:
37:
1810:"Did terrestrial diversification of amoebas (amoebozoa) occur in synchrony with land plants?"
1839:
1829:
1780:
1770:
1731:
1687:
1679:
1638:
1630:
1578:
1537:
1529:
1458:
1403:
334:
265:
209:
164:
1619:"Alternative induction of meiotic recombination from single-base lesions of DNA deaminases"
1439:"The TopoVIB-Like protein family is required for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation"
85:
1229:
309:
1825:
1617:
Pauklin S, Burkert JS, Martin J, Osman F, Weller S, Boulton SJ, et al. (May 2009).
1565:
Dernburg AF, McDonald K, Moulder G, Barstead R, Dresser M, Villeneuve AM (August 1998).
1454:
1399:
1844:
1809:
1785:
1758:
1692:
1667:
1643:
1618:
1542:
1517:
1174:, or a single-strand nick is sufficient to initiate meiotic crossover recombination in
1808:
Fiz-Palacios O, Romeralo M, Ahmadzadeh A, Weststrand S, Ahlberg PE, Baldauf S (2013).
1583:
1566:
1438:
1383:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
596:
591:
586:
581:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
525:
1866:
1437:
Robert T, Nore A, Brun C, Maffre C, Crimi B, Bourbon HM, de Massy B (February 2016).
1423:
1223:
1106:
1086:. Spo11, in a complex with mTopVIB, creates double strand breaks to initiate meiotic
512:
1600:
69:
1478:
1235:
1098:
327:
106:
1834:
1775:
1735:
93:
1683:
1634:
1533:
1369:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1351:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1154:
410:
226:
123:
73:
1495:(10th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. 2011. pp. 353–354.
1757:
Malik SB, Pightling AW, Stefaniak LM, Schurko AM, Logsdon JM (August 2007).
1462:
1407:
722:
470:
348:
293:
280:
192:
179:
81:
1853:
1794:
1743:
1701:
1652:
1470:
1415:
1592:
1551:
1060:
1055:
1243:
gene. Such an ancestor likely lived several hundred million years ago.
1101:
enzyme that cuts the DNA molecule that "receives" the exchanged DNA. In
1044:
871:
852:
848:
530:
1256:
1171:
1118:
1102:
1076:
834:
789:
556:
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
1384:"A DNA topoisomerase VI-like complex initiates meiotic recombination"
1218:
1132:, the meiotic defects in recombination and chromosome disjunction of
1028:
744:
1719:
1666:
Farah JA, Cromie G, Davis L, Steiner WW, Smith GR (December 2005).
707:
703:
1083:
61:
561:
endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
1720:"Atypical ploidy cycles, Spo11, and the evolution of meiosis"
1117:
SPO11 is considered to play a predominant role in initiating
1288:
during meiosis, and thus explain its absence in this group.
693:
double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination
1518:"Stage-specific effects of X-irradiation on yeast meiosis"
317:
482:
977:
952:
914:
889:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1201:, a gene that encodes an endonuclease involved in
264:
163:
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1330:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005883
1217:The most recent common ancestor of the social
1093:Genetic exchange between two DNA molecules by
1713:
1711:
1105:the enzyme is SPO11, which is related to DNA
8:
1724:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
1309:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000054796
1612:
1610:
718:
678:meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
508:
305:
204:
101:
1843:
1833:
1784:
1774:
1691:
1642:
1582:
1541:
683:meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
648:homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
1296:
638:DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
18:
269:
230:
225:
168:
127:
122:
7:
974:
949:
911:
886:
862:
839:
813:
794:
768:
749:
613:protein localization to chromosome
487:
405:
343:
322:
14:
1079:that in humans is encoded by the
688:reciprocal meiotic recombination
253:
246:
240:
217:
152:
145:
139:
114:
1516:Thorne LW, Byers B (May 1993).
1213:Absence in some sexual species
471:More reference expression data
1:
1584:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81481-6
1239:, appears to have lacked the
1161:mutants of the fission yeast
658:synaptonemal complex assembly
238:
137:
1873:Genes on human chromosome 20
1835:10.1371/journal.pone.0074374
1776:10.1371/journal.pone.0002879
1736:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.026
1189:, a mutant defective in the
673:ovarian follicle development
1684:10.1534/genetics.105.046821
1635:10.1534/genetics.109.101683
623:meiotic telomere clustering
1894:
1718:Bloomfield G (June 2016).
1534:10.1093/genetics/134.1.29
1365:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1347:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1163:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
1059:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1027:
1021:Chr 2: 172.82 – 172.84 Mb
1008:
981:
956:
945:
918:
893:
882:
869:
865:
846:
842:
833:
820:
816:
801:
797:
788:
775:
771:
756:
752:
743:
728:
721:
717:
701:
511:
507:
495:
490:
481:
468:
417:
408:
355:
346:
316:
308:
304:
287:
274:
237:
216:
207:
203:
186:
173:
136:
113:
104:
100:
55:
52:
42:
35:
30:
26:
21:
1252:Polysphondylium pallidum
1246:Dictyostelium discoideum
1130:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1095:homologous recombination
1014:Chr 20: 57.33 – 57.34 Mb
618:female gamete generation
1463:10.1126/science.aad5309
1408:10.1126/science.aad5196
1141:Caenorhabditis elegans
1128:In the budding yeast
1113:Meiotic recombination
668:spermatid development
633:DNA metabolic process
130:Chromosome 20 (human)
1255:are both capable of
271:2 H3|2 95.64 cM
232:Chromosome 2 (mouse)
1826:2013PLoSO...874374F
1455:2016Sci...351..943R
1400:2016Sci...351..939V
1277:sexual reproduction
1268:sexual reproduction
1260:sexual reproduction
425:seminiferous tubule
823:ENSMUSG00000005883
606:Biological process
597:nuclear chromosome
575:Cellular component
551:isomerase activity
536:hydrolase activity
531:catalytic activity
519:Molecular function
1502:978-0-7637-7992-4
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1039:
1038:
1004:
1003:
971:
970:
941:
940:
908:
907:
878:
877:
859:
858:
829:
828:
810:
809:
784:
783:
765:
764:
713:
712:
526:metal ion binding
503:
502:
499:
498:
477:
476:
464:
463:
402:
401:
300:
299:
199:
198:
94:SPO11 - orthologs
1885:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1586:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1394:(6276): 939–43.
1379:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1327:
1316:
1306:
1203:Okazaki fragment
1052:
1051:
1023:
1016:
999:
975:
966:
950:
946:RefSeq (protein)
936:
912:
903:
887:
863:
840:
814:
795:
769:
750:
719:
509:
488:
473:
453:genital tubercle
413:
411:Top expressed in
406:
395:mononuclear cell
351:
349:Top expressed in
344:
323:
306:
296:
283:
272:
257:
250:
244:
233:
221:
205:
195:
182:
171:
156:
149:
143:
132:
118:
102:
96:
47:
40:
19:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1678:(4): 1499–511.
1665:
1664:
1660:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1493:Lewin's Genes X
1491:
1490:
1486:
1449:(6276): 943–9.
1436:
1435:
1431:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1328:
1319:
1307:
1298:
1294:
1230:Polysphondylium
1215:
1143:, a homolog of
1115:
1061:View/Edit Mouse
1056:View/Edit Human
1019:
1012:
1009:Location (UCSC)
995:
991:
987:
983:
962:
958:
932:
928:
924:
920:
899:
895:
851:
804:ENSG00000054796
697:
663:spermatogenesis
601:
570:
546:protein binding
469:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
409:
398:
393:
391:skeletal muscle
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
347:
291:
278:
270:
260:
259:
258:
251:
231:
208:Gene location (
190:
177:
169:
159:
158:
157:
150:
128:
105:Gene location (
56:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1800:
1749:
1707:
1658:
1606:
1557:
1508:
1501:
1484:
1429:
1374:
1356:
1338:
1317:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1214:
1211:
1114:
1111:
1107:topoisomerases
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
979:
978:
972:
969:
968:
954:
953:
947:
943:
942:
939:
938:
916:
915:
909:
906:
905:
891:
890:
884:
880:
879:
876:
875:
867:
866:
860:
857:
856:
844:
843:
837:
831:
830:
827:
826:
818:
817:
811:
808:
807:
799:
798:
792:
786:
785:
782:
781:
773:
772:
766:
763:
762:
754:
753:
747:
741:
740:
735:
730:
726:
725:
715:
714:
711:
710:
699:
698:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
628:male meiosis I
625:
620:
615:
609:
607:
603:
602:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
578:
576:
572:
571:
569:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
520:
516:
515:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
485:
479:
478:
475:
474:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:tail of embryo
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
403:
400:
399:
397:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
352:
340:
339:
331:
320:
314:
313:
310:RNA expression
302:
301:
298:
297:
289:
285:
284:
276:
273:
268:
262:
261:
252:
245:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
201:
200:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
175:
172:
167:
161:
160:
151:
144:
138:
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
111:
110:
98:
97:
54:
50:
49:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:(9): e74374.
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1577:(3): 387–98.
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1286:recombination
1283:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:D. discoideum
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:Dictyostelium
1220:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1088:recombination
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
976:
973:
967:
965:
961:
955:
951:
948:
944:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
917:
913:
910:
904:
902:
898:
892:
888:
885:
883:RefSeq (mRNA)
881:
874:
873:
868:
864:
861:
855:
854:
850:
845:
841:
838:
836:
832:
825:
824:
819:
815:
812:
806:
805:
800:
796:
793:
791:
787:
780:
779:
774:
770:
767:
761:
760:
755:
751:
748:
746:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
727:
724:
720:
716:
709:
705:
700:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
608:
605:
604:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
577:
574:
573:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:Gene ontology
510:
506:
494:
489:
486:
484:
480:
472:
467:
456:
452:
449:hair follicle
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
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420:
419:
416:
412:
407:
404:
394:
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67:
63:
59:
51:
46:
39:
34:
29:
25:
20:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1769:(8): e2879.
1766:
1762:
1752:
1727:
1723:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1629:(1): 41–54.
1626:
1622:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1528:(1): 29–42.
1525:
1521:
1511:
1492:
1487:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1274:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1236:Acytostelium
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:In the worm
1138:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1099:endonuclease
1092:
1080:
1072:
1071:
993:NP_001292363
989:NP_001077429
985:NP_001077428
982:
957:
934:NM_001305434
926:NM_001083960
922:NM_001083959
919:
894:
870:
847:
821:
802:
776:
757:
737:
732:
421:spermatocyte
379:somatic cell
367:right testis
333:
326:
292:172,835,369
279:172,819,493
53:External IDs
1275:P. pallidum
1172:abasic site
1155:Deamination
566:DNA binding
541:ATP binding
437:Paneth cell
371:left testis
191:57,343,994
178:57,329,803
31:Identifiers
1867:Categories
1730:: 158–64.
1336:, May 2017
1315:, May 2017
1292:References
1282:DNA damage
1180:C. elegans
1167:C. elegans
582:chromosome
337:(ortholog)
74:HomoloGene
1424:206643600
1151:homolog.
1125:mutants.
997:NP_036176
964:NP_937998
960:NP_036576
930:NM_012046
901:NM_198265
897:NM_012444
723:Orthologs
643:oogenesis
433:spermatid
82:GeneCards
1878:Proteins
1854:24040233
1814:PLOS ONE
1795:18663385
1763:PLOS ONE
1744:26811992
1702:16118186
1672:Genetics
1653:19237686
1623:Genetics
1601:10198891
1522:Genetics
1471:26917764
1416:26917763
1332:–
1311:–
1193:homolog
1187:S. pombe
1176:S. pombe
1045:Wikidata
702:Sources:
587:telomere
375:duodenum
363:testicle
170:20q13.31
1845:3770592
1822:Bibcode
1786:2488364
1693:1456079
1644:2674839
1593:9708740
1552:8514137
1543:1205431
1479:9445593
1451:Bibcode
1443:Science
1396:Bibcode
1388:Science
1334:Ensembl
1313:Ensembl
1257:meiotic
1221:genera
1119:meiotic
1103:meiosis
1077:protein
835:UniProt
790:Ensembl
729:Species
708:QuickGO
653:meiosis
592:nucleus
312:pattern
70:1349669
38:Aliases
1852:
1842:
1793:
1783:
1742:
1700:
1690:
1651:
1641:
1599:
1591:
1550:
1540:
1499:
1477:
1469:
1422:
1414:
1219:amoeba
1031:search
1029:PubMed
872:Q9WTK8
853:Q5TCH6
849:Q9Y5K1
745:Entrez
483:BioGPS
441:embryo
429:thymus
387:muscle
383:muscle
62:605114
1597:S2CID
1475:S2CID
1420:S2CID
1262:(see
1241:Spo11
1195:Rec12
1191:spo11
1159:Spo11
1149:spo11
1145:spo11
1134:spo11
1123:spo11
1081:SPO11
1075:is a
1073:Spo11
778:26972
759:23626
738:Mouse
733:Human
704:Amigo
457:ovary
359:gonad
335:Mouse
328:Human
275:Start
210:Mouse
174:Start
107:Human
86:SPO11
45:SPO11
22:SPO11
1850:PMID
1791:PMID
1740:PMID
1698:PMID
1649:PMID
1589:PMID
1571:Cell
1548:PMID
1497:ISBN
1467:PMID
1412:PMID
1271:and
1249:and
1233:and
1199:rad2
1178:and
1165:and
1084:gene
318:Bgee
266:Band
227:Chr.
165:Band
124:Chr.
78:6059
58:OMIM
1840:PMC
1830:doi
1781:PMC
1771:doi
1732:doi
1688:PMC
1680:doi
1676:171
1639:PMC
1631:doi
1627:182
1579:doi
1538:PMC
1530:doi
1526:134
1459:doi
1447:351
1404:doi
1392:351
1185:In
491:n/a
288:End
187:End
90:OMA
66:MGI
1869::
1848:.
1838:.
1828:.
1816:.
1812:.
1789:.
1779:.
1765:.
1761:.
1738:.
1728:54
1726:.
1722:.
1710:^
1696:.
1686:.
1674:.
1670:.
1647:.
1637:.
1625:.
1621:.
1609:^
1595:.
1587:.
1575:94
1573:.
1569:.
1546:.
1536:.
1524:.
1520:.
1473:.
1465:.
1457:.
1445:.
1441:.
1418:.
1410:.
1402:.
1390:.
1386:.
1367:.
1349:.
1320:^
1299:^
1227:,
1182:.
706:/
294:bp
281:bp
193:bp
180:bp
88:;
84::
80:;
76::
72:;
68::
64:;
60::
1856:.
1832::
1824::
1818:8
1797:.
1773::
1767:3
1746:.
1734::
1704:.
1682::
1655:.
1633::
1603:.
1581::
1554:.
1532::
1505:.
1481:.
1461::
1453::
1426:.
1406::
1398::
1371:.
1353:.
212:)
109:)
92::
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