400:
large cloak. The moment she had handed him the candle, however, he threw off the cloak and "presented a most hideous and frightful appearance", vomiting blue and white flame from his mouth while his eyes resembled "red balls of fire". Miss Alsop reported that he wore a large helmet and that his clothing, which appeared to be very tight-fitting, resembled white oilskin. Without saying a word he caught hold of her and began tearing her gown with his claws which she was certain were "of some metallic substance". She screamed for help, and managed to get away from him and ran towards the house. He caught her on the steps and tore her neck and arms with his claws. She was rescued by one of her sisters, after which her assailant fled.
817:". Typical "phantom attackers" appear to be human, and may be perceived as prosaic criminals, but may display extraordinary abilities (as in Spring-heeled Jack's jumps, which, it is widely noted, would break the ankles of a human who replicated them) and/or cannot be caught by authorities. Victims commonly experience the "attack" in their bedrooms, homes or other seemingly secure enclosures. They may report being pinned or paralysed, or on the other hand describe a "siege" in which they fought off a persistent intruder or intruders. Many reports can readily be explained psychologically, most notably as the
412:. Miss Scales stated in her deposition to the police that as she and her sister were passing along Green Dragon Alley, they observed a person standing in an angle of the passage. She was walking in front of her sister at the time, and just as she came up to the person, who was wearing a large cloak, he spurted "a quantity of blue flame" in her face, which deprived her of her sight, and so alarmed her, that she instantly dropped to the ground, and was seized with violent fits which continued for several hours.
416:
and he then learned from his other sister what had happened. She described Lucy's assailant as being of tall, thin, and gentlemanly appearance, covered in a large cloak, and carrying a small lamp or bull's eye lantern similar to those used by the police. The individual did not speak nor did he try to lay hands on them, but instead walked quickly away. Every effort was made by the police to discover the author of these and similar outrages, and several persons were questioned, but were set free.
374:
226:, a strange figure leapt at her from a dark alley. After immobilising her with a tight grip of his arms, he began to kiss her face, while ripping her clothes and touching her flesh with his claws, which were, according to her deposition, "cold and clammy as those of a corpse". In panic, the girl screamed, making the attacker quickly flee from the scene. The commotion brought several residents who immediately launched a search for the aggressor, but he could not be found.
550:
704:
1997:
565:. This story went as follows: a sentry on duty at the North Camp peered into the darkness, his attention attracted by a peculiar figure "advancing towards him." The soldier issued a challenge, which went unheeded, and the figure came up beside him and delivered several slaps to his face. A guard shot at him, with no visible effect; some sources claim that the soldier may have fired
197:
1985:
765:
444:
440:, which he dropped outside the house, and the candle he dropped was also found. He escaped conviction only because Jane Alsop insisted her attacker had breathed fire, and Millbank admitted he could do no such thing. Most of the other accounts were written long after the date; contemporary newspapers do not mention them.
47:
286:; and moreover, that he will not enter a gentleman's gardens for the purpose of alarming the inmates of the house. The wager has, however, been accepted, and the unmanly villain has succeeded in depriving seven ladies of their senses, two of whom are not likely to recover, but to become burdens to their families.
755:
and strange roguish creatures. Gossip of alleged leaping and fire-spitting powers, his alleged extraordinary features and his reputed skill in evading apprehension captured the mind of the superstitious public—increasingly so with the passing of time, which gave the impression that Spring-heeled Jack
730:
The
Marquess was frequently in the news in the late 1830s for drunken brawling, brutal jokes and vandalism, and was said to do anything for a bet; his irregular behaviour and his contempt for women earned him the title "the Mad Marquis", and it is also known that he was in the London area by the time
427:
reported the alleged attack on Jane Alsop on 2 March 1838 under the heading "The Late
Outrage at Old Ford". This was followed with an account of the trial of one Thomas Millbank, who, immediately after the reported attack on Jane Alsop, had boasted in the Morgan's Arms that he was Spring-heeled Jack.
364:
wrote that "Spring-heeled Jack has, it seems, found his way to the Sussex coast", even though the report bore little resemblance to other accounts of Jack. The incident occurred on 13 April, when it appeared to a gardener "in the shape of a bear or some other four-footed animal". Having attracted the
187:
on the western fringes of London; it would later reappear in 1824. Another apparition, the
Southampton ghost, was also reported as assaulting individuals in the night. This particular spirit bore many of the characteristics of Spring-heeled Jack, and was reported as jumping over houses and being over
643:
However, it was in fictional entertainment where the legend of Spring-heeled Jack exerted the most extensive influence, owing to his allegedly extraordinary nature. Three pamphlet publications, purportedly based on the real events, appeared almost immediately, during
January and February, 1838. They
679:
No one was ever caught and identified as Spring-heeled Jack; combined with the extraordinary abilities attributed to him and the very long period during which he was reportedly at large, this has led to numerous and varied theories of his nature and identity. While several researchers seek a normal
507:
became common. In July 1847 "a Spring-heeled Jack investigation" in
Teignmouth, Devon led to a Captain Finch being convicted of two charges of assault against women during which he is said to have been "disguised in a skin coat, which had the appearance of bullock's hide, skullcap, horns and mask".
714:
Other researchers believe that some individual(s) may have been behind its origins, being followed by imitators later on. Spring-heeled Jack was widely considered not to be a supernatural creature, but rather one or more persons with a macabre sense of humour. This idea matches the contents of the
415:
Her brother added that on the evening in question, he had heard the loud screams of one of his sisters moments after they had left his house and on running up Green Dragon Alley he found his sister Lucy on the ground in a fit, with her sister attempting to hold and support her. She was taken home,
399:
Jane Alsop reported that on the night of 19 February 1838, she answered the door of her father's house to a man claiming to be a police officer, who told her to bring a light, claiming "we have caught Spring-heeled Jack here in the lane". She brought the person a candle, and noticed that he wore a
175:
that stalked the streets of London. These human-like figures were described as pale; it was believed that they stalked and preyed on lone pedestrians. The stories told of these figures formed part of a distinct ghost tradition in London which, some writers have argued, formed the foundation of the
1139:
was rather the origin of the name Spring Heeled Jack, to which it evolved later; alas, there is no proof to support this claim, according to Clark. Dash, op. cit., reveals that there is no contemporary evidence that this term was used in the 1830s, and establishes that the first original name was
841:
have shown, the elusiveness and supernatural leaping abilities attributed to Pérák bear a close resemblance to those exhibited by Spring-heeled Jack, and distinct parallels can be drawn between the two entities. The stories of Pérák provide a useful example of how the traits of Spring-heeled Jack
312:
on 9 January, other national papers on 10 January and, on the day after that, the Lord Mayor showed a crowded gathering a pile of letters from various places in and around London complaining of similar "wicked pranks". The quantity of letters that poured into the
Mansion House suggests that the
587:
in the winter of 1878. He adds that the panic became so great at
Aldershot that sentries were issued ammunition and ordered to shoot "the night terror" on sight, following which the appearances ceased. Hamilton thought that the appearances were actually pranks, carried out by one of his fellow
530:
reported that
Peckham was "in a state of commotion owing to what is known as the "Peckham Ghost", a mysterious figure, quite alarming in appearance". The editorial pointed out that it was none other than "Spring-heeled Jack, who terrified a past generation". Similar stories were published in
281:
It appears that some individuals (of, as the writer believes, the highest ranks of life) have laid a wager with a mischievous and foolhardy companion, that he durst not take upon himself the task of visiting many of the villages near London in three different disguises—a ghost, a bear, and a
254:
340:
The Lord Mayor himself was in two minds about the affair: he thought "the greatest exaggerations" had been made, and that it was quite impossible "that the ghost performs the feats of a devil upon earth", but on the other hand someone he trusted had told him of a servant girl at
289:
At one house the man rang the bell, and on the servant coming to open door, this worse than brute stood in no less dreadful figure than a spectre clad most perfectly. The consequence was that the poor girl immediately swooned, and has never from that moment been in her senses.
659:
stories during the latter half of the 19th century, initially as a villain and then in increasingly heroic roles. By the early 1900s he was being represented as a costumed, altruistic avenger of wrongs and protector of the innocent, effectively becoming a precursor to
608:, wearing a sheep skin. An angry mob supposedly chased him and cornered him, and just as in Aldershot a while before, residents fired at him to no effect. As usual, he was said to have made use of his leaping abilities to lose the crowd and disappear once again.
313:
stories were widespread in suburban London. One writer said several young women in
Hammersmith had been frightened into "dangerous fits" and some "severely wounded by a sort of claws the miscreant wore on his hands". Another correspondent claimed that in
293:
The affair has now been going on for some time, and, strange to say, the papers are still silent on the subject. The writer has reason to believe that they have the whole history at their finger-ends but, through interested motives, are induced to remain
821:, recorded in folklore and recognised by psychologists as a form of hallucination. In the most problematic cases, an "attack" is witnessed by several people and substantiated by some physical evidence, but the attacker cannot be verified to exist.
742:
Sceptical investigators have asserted that the story of Spring-heeled Jack was exaggerated and altered through mass hysteria, a process in which many sociological issues may have contributed. These include unsupported rumours, superstition,
365:
gardener's attention by a growl, it then climbed the garden wall and ran along it on all fours, before jumping down and chasing the gardener for some time. After terrifying the gardener, the apparition scaled the wall and made its exit.
735:, who said that the Marquess "used to amuse himself by springing on travellers unawares, to frighten them, and from time to time others have followed his silly example." In 1842, the Marquess married and settled in Curraghmore House,
1685:
384:
Perhaps the best known of the alleged incidents involving Spring-heeled Jack were the attacks on two teenage girls, Lucy Scales and Jane Alsop. The Alsop report was widely covered by the newspapers, including a piece in
988:
in 1808 talks of a ghost by that name years previously; McGovern neither specifies the day in 1808 so that the letter can be verified nor lists any secondary source (for this or anything else). In addition, the
158:. Several reports mention that he could breathe out blue and white flames and that he wore sharp metallic claws at his fingertips. At least two people claimed that he was able to speak comprehensible English.
229:
The next day, the leaping character is said to have chosen a very different victim near Mary
Stevens' home, inaugurating a method that would reappear in later reports: he jumped in the way of a passing
481:
This here is Satan, – we might say the devil, but that ain't right, and gennelfolks don't like such words. He is now commonly called 'Spring-heeled Jack;' or the 'Rossian Bear,' – that's since the war.
238:
to lose control, crash, and severely injure himself. Several witnesses claimed that he escaped by jumping over a 9 ft (2.7 m) high wall while cackling with a high-pitched, ringing laughter.
756:
had suffered no ill effects from age. As a result, a whole urban legend was built around the character, being reflected by contemporary publications, which in turn fuelled this popular perception.
495:
But, even as his fame was growing, reports of Spring-heeled Jack's appearances became less frequent if more widespread. In 1843, however, a wave of sightings swept the country again. A report from
408:
On 28 February 1838, nine days after the attack on Miss Alsop, 18-year-old Lucy Scales and her sister were returning home after visiting their brother, a butcher who lived in a respectable part of
273:
an anonymous complaint that he had received several days earlier, which he had withheld in the hope of obtaining further information. The correspondent, who signed the letter "a resident of
459:
After these incidents, Spring-heeled Jack became one of the most popular characters of the period. His alleged exploits were reported in the newspapers and became the subject of several
842:
have a broad cultural resonance in urban folklore. Pérák, like Spring-heeled Jack, went on to become a folklore hero, even starring in several animated superhero cartoons, fighting the
143:
was very popular in its time, due to the tales of his bizarre appearance and ability to make extraordinary leaps, to the point that he became the topic of several works of fiction.
640:, as a means of scaring children into behaving by telling them if they were not good, Spring-heeled Jack would leap up and peer in at them through their bedroom windows, by night.
715:
letter to the Lord Mayor, which accused a group of young aristocrats as the culprits, after an irresponsible wager. A popular rumour circulating as early as 1840 pointed to an
1863:
207:
The first alleged sightings of Spring-heeled Jack were made in London in 1837 and the last reported sighting is said in most of the secondary literature to have been made in
150:, clawed hands, and eyes that "resembled red balls of fire". One report claimed that, beneath a black cloak, he wore a helmet and a tight-fitting white garment like an
579:
mentions the Aldershot appearances of Spring-heeled Jack; however, he (apparently erroneously) says that they occurred in the winter of 1879 after his regiment, the
124:. The first claimed sighting of Spring-heeled Jack was in 1837. Later sightings were reported all over the United Kingdom and were especially prevalent in suburban
561:
This news was followed by more reported sightings, until in August 1877 one of the most notable reports about Spring-heeled Jack came from a group of soldiers in
1619:
700:
or devil which have been around for centuries, or from exaggerated urban myths about a man who clambered over rooftops claiming that the Devil was chasing him.
391:, while fewer reports appeared in relation to the attack on Scales. The press coverage of these two attacks helped to raise the profile of Spring-heeled Jack.
2073:
720:
707:
621:
899:
569:
at him, others that he missed or fired warning shots. The strange figure then disappeared into the surrounding darkness "with astonishing bounds."
1056:
775:
A variety of wildly speculative paranormal explanations have been proposed to explain the origin of Spring-heeled Jack, including that he was an
1923:
1731:
830:
616:
By the end of the 19th century the reported sightings of Spring-heeled Jack were moving towards the north west of England. Around 1888, in
644:
were not advertised as fiction, though they likely were at least partly so. The only known copies were reported to have perished when the
146:
Spring-heeled Jack was described by people who claimed to have seen him as having a terrifying and frightful appearance, with diabolical
31:
1894:
1827:
524:
In the beginning of the 1870s, Spring-heeled Jack was reported again in several places distant from each other. In November 1872, the
349:
display" would be caught and punished. The police were instructed to search for the individual responsible, and rewards were offered.
329:
several people had died of fright and others had had fits; meanwhile, another reported that the trickster had been repeatedly seen in
428:
He was arrested and tried at Lambeth Street court. The arresting officer was James Lea, who had earlier arrested William Corder, the
2068:
1960:
1945:
1912:
1872:
1798:
1781:
1766:
1748:
1452:
Illustrated Police News, 3 November 1877, cited in "Fortean Studies volume 3" (1996), pp. 96, ed. Steve Moore, John Brown Publishing
473:
2001:
1340:
News of the World, 17 November 1872, cited in "Fortean Studies volume 3" (1996), pp. 78–79, ed. Steve Moore, John Brown Publishing
1670:
1646:
1461:
News of the World, 25 September 1904, cited in "Fortean Studies volume 3" (1996), pp. 97, ed. Steve Moore, John Brown Publishing
2007:
1078:
463:
and plays performed in the cheap theatres that abounded at the time. The devil was even renamed "Spring-heeled Jack" in some
632:
The vast urban legend built around Spring-heeled Jack influenced many aspects of Victorian life, especially in contemporary
868:
The character of Spring-heeled Jack has been revived or referenced in a variety of 20th and 21st century media, including:
2078:
2032:
1705:
1789:
680:
explanation for the events, other authors explore the more fantastic details of the story to propose different kinds of
1277:
791:
agility deriving from life on a high-gravity world, with his jumping ability and strange behaviour, and that he was a
533:
580:
345:
who had been scared into fits by a figure in a bear's skin; he was confident the person or persons involved in this "
2042:
588:
officers, a Lieutenant Alfrey. However, there is no record of Alfrey ever being court-martialled for the offence.
2058:
2017:
1878:
813:, list "Spring-heeled Jack" in a category named "phantom attackers", with another well-known example being the "
1189:
154:. Many stories also mention a "Devil-like" aspect. Others said he was tall and thin, with the appearance of a
1443:
Judge Advocate General's Office: General Courts Martial charge sheets: 1877–1880 – the National Archives, Kew
903:(2010) – an alternate history novel by author Mark Hodder, portraying Spring-Heeled Jack as a time traveler.
298:
Though the Lord Mayor seemed fairly sceptical, a member of the audience confirmed that "servant girls about
1362:, 28 April 1877 (cited in "Fortean Studies volume 3" (1996), p. 95, ed. Steve Moore, John Brown Publishing)
2083:
1858:
1843:
1834:
1583:
724:
1526:
1549:
814:
776:
270:
1989:
920:
583:, had moved to Aldershot, and that similar appearances had occurred when the regiment was barracked at
509:
373:
1819:
1690:
1620:""Jiří Trnka At BFI Southbank in April 2012", (Trnka Shorts for Adults) BFI press release March 2012"
1404:
1387:
1318:
1240:
856:
572:
266:
262:
214:
According to much later accounts, in October 1837 a girl by the name of Mary Stevens was walking to
2063:
907:
727:
suggested this may have been due to his having had bad experiences with women and police officers.
342:
360:, related how a gardener in Rosehill, Sussex, had been terrified by a creature of unknown nature.
1966:
1533:. Vol. VII: Skeggs-Trovatore (Revised American ed.). New York: Selmar Hess. p. 30.
1299:
716:
617:
562:
554:
334:
878:
in which Spring-heeled Jack saves a group of plucky orphans from the malevolent Mack the Knife.
984:
Sharon McGovern ("The Legend of Spring Heeled Jack") claims that a letter to the editor of the
624:
in Salisbury Street. In 1904 there were reports of appearances in nearby William Henry Street.
253:
1956:
1941:
1908:
1890:
1868:
1823:
1794:
1777:
1762:
1744:
1727:
1699:
1665:
1641:
1588:
1544:
1074:
566:
526:
180:
499:
described him as "the very image of the Devil himself, with horns and eyes of flame", and in
1256:
736:
732:
601:
496:
117:
847:
549:
2036:
1736:
1563:
1414:
925:
645:
633:
429:
1293:
1759:
Unexplained!: Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences and Puzzling Physical Phenomena
945:
882:
875:
834:
780:
748:
744:
656:
464:
460:
452:
223:
91:
54:
1045:
703:
2052:
1933:
1886:
1813:
1660:
1636:
843:
806:
693:
661:
215:
121:
73:
1754:
1289:
1236:
1050:
930:
891:
810:
802:
739:, and reportedly led an exemplary life until he died in a riding accident in 1859.
605:
597:
468:
140:
139:
There are many theories about the nature and identity of Spring-heeled Jack. This
1408:
1973:(leaflet, January 2001). International Society for Contemporary Legend Research.
1900:
886:
795:, accidentally or purposefully summoned into this world by practitioners of the
668:
500:
184:
147:
2027:
1724:
The Legend of Spring-Heeled Jack: Victorian Urban Folklore and Popular Cultures
541:
of the "Park Ghost", which locals also came to identify as Spring-heeled Jack.
17:
965:
911:(2011) – a three-series audio drama produced by the Wireless Theatre Company.
788:
784:
681:
665:
584:
504:
322:
299:
242:
196:
1686:"The Secret of Springheel'd Jack Series 3, Episode Two: The Tunnels if Death"
1313:
2011:
1996:
1804:
1578:
1531:
The reader's companion: Character sketches of romance, fiction and the drama
1221:
1194:
1175:
1003:
838:
818:
692:
Sceptical investigators have dismissed the stories of Spring-heeled Jack as
649:
538:
437:
409:
387:
346:
314:
308:
306:, tell dreadful stories of this ghost or devil". The matter was reported in
219:
208:
155:
105:
731:
the first incidents took place. In 1880 he was named as the perpetrator by
1984:
1883:
The Mystery of Spring-Heeled Jack: From Victorian Legend to Steampunk Hero
935:
697:
637:
330:
326:
235:
231:
133:
129:
1927:
950:
940:
433:
318:
274:
151:
537:. In April and May 1873, it reported there were numerous sightings in
45:
1838:
960:
955:
796:
303:
125:
101:
218:, where she was working as a servant, after visiting her parents in
1216:
1199:
799:, or who made himself manifest simply to create spiritual turmoil.
636:. For decades, especially in London, his name was equated with the
1322:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 27 July 1847. p. 4
792:
763:
752:
702:
548:
513:
442:
372:
283:
252:
241:
Gradually, the news of the strange character spread, and soon the
195:
172:
81:
77:
1774:
Strange South Yorkshire: Myth, Magic and Memory in the Don Valley
1006:
that was misinterpreted as a sighting of Spring-heeled Jack, see
596:
In the autumn of 1877, Spring-heeled Jack was reportedly seen at
261:
A few months after these first sightings, on 9 January 1838, the
764:
443:
69:
46:
1095:
768:
Spring-heeled Jack illustrated on the cover of the 1904 serial
2021:
2008:"Spring-heeled Jack: To Victorian Bugaboo from Suburban Ghost"
1349:
The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes By Michael Newton pp. 355
1809:
Spring-heeled Jack: To Victorian Bugaboo from Suburban Ghost
1147:, a possible reference to his supposed armoured appearance.
620:, north Liverpool, he allegedly appeared on the rooftop of
2039:. Anonymous. Unknown novel at Project Gutenberg Australia.
1242:
The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year
377:
Illustration of Spring-heeled Jack, from the 1867 serial
257:
A public session at the Mansion House, London (c. 1840).
779:
entity with a non-human appearance and features (e.g.,
245:
and the public gave him the name "Spring-heeled Jack".
1545:
Notes on a Strange World: Return of Spring-Heeled Jack
1938:
Strange and Unexplained Mysteries of the 20th Century
1472:
Strange and Unexplained Mysteries of the 20th Century
1260:
of 7 March 1838, in Mike Dash, 'Spring-heeled Jack',
200:
Illustration of Spring-heeled Jack, from the serial
1920:
The Black Book of Ghosts, Ufo's and the Unexplained
1864:
The Legend and Bizarre Crimes of Spring Heeled Jack
1500:
The Legend and Bizarre Crimes of Spring Heeled Jack
1272:
1270:
1171:
The Legend and Bizarre Crimes of Spring Heeled Jack
1133:
The Legend and Bizarre Crimes of Spring Heeled Jack
628:
Aftermath and impact upon Victorian popular culture
179:The most important of these early entities was the
97:
87:
65:
874:(1989) – a combination prose and graphic novel by
508:The legend was linked with the phenomenon of the "
652:, but their catalogue still lists the first one.
356:, which appeared in the 14 April 1838 edition of
171:In the early 19th century, there were reports of
1839:"Skeptoid #64: The Attack of Spring Heeled Jack"
1694:. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016.
1123:mentions that the press referred variously to "
1018:
1016:
479:
279:
1298:. London: Griffin, Bohn, and Company. p.
751:publications, and a folklore rich in tales of
53:Spring Heeled Jack as depicted in the English
1726:, Boydell & Brewer, Boydell Press, 2012.
1481:
1479:
8:
1741:Charles Berlitz's World of Strange Phenomena
1022:Jacob Middleton, "An Aristocratic Spectre",
696:which developed around various stories of a
39:
1429:Surrey and Hants News & Guildford Times
1373:Surrey and Hants News & Guildford Times
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
655:The character was written into a number of
269:, revealed at a public session held in the
1661:"The Strange Affair of Spring Heeled Jack"
1211:
1209:
1198:. 14 April 1838. p. 7. Archived from
881:"Spring Heeled Jack" – a song composed by
1905:The Encyclopaedia of Fantastic Victoriana
183:, which in 1803 and 1804 was reported in
2029:Spring-heeled Jack: The Terror of London
1073:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004;
900:The Strange Affair of Spring-Heeled Jack
379:Spring-heel'd Jack: The Terror of London
202:Spring-heel'd Jack: The Terror of London
1071:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1057:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
977:
889:, which was released on his 2008 album
2043:"The Complete Spring-heeled Jack Page"
1697:
1245:. London: Longmans, Green. p. 23.
1089:
1087:
38:
837:around 1939–1945. As writers such as
7:
176:later legend of Spring-heeled Jack.
27:English legendary folklore character
1673:from the original on 10 March 2013.
1069:Rupert Mann, "Spring Heeled Jack",
1054:7 October 2006. Excerpted from the
1046:Lives and Times: Spring-Heeled Jack
1002:For an account of an incident from
32:Spring-heeled Jack (disambiguation)
2074:People whose existence is disputed
1577:Supporters of this theory include
1553:, July. Accessed on 24 March 2005.
833:was reported to have been seen in
710:, 3rd Marquess of Waterford (1840)
432:. Millbank had been wearing white
25:
1743:. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1989.
1649:from the original on 6 July 2015.
1413:. Hodder and Stoughton. pp.
1295:London labour and the London poor
1156:As quoted by Jacqueline Simpson,
503:reports of attacks on drivers of
488:London Labour and the London Poor
474:London Labour and the London Poor
1995:
1983:
1525:Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1896).
1100:Epsom and Ewell History Explorer
993:did not launch until April 1846.
885:, published under the pseudonym
1776:. Wilmslow: Sigma Press, 1994.
1485:Dash, "Spring Heeled Jack", in
1314:"British And Foreign Gleanings"
864:In contemporary popular culture
831:Pérák, the Spring Man of Prague
1953:The World's Greatest Mysteries
1761:. Detroit: Visible Ink, 1993.
1217:"The Late Outrage at Old Ford"
188:10 ft (3.0 m) tall.
1:
1907:. Austin: MonkeyBrain, 2005.
1566:'s World of Strange Phenomena
622:Saint Francis Xavier's Church
1940:. New York: Sterling, 1994.
1790:The Encyclopedia of Monsters
1431:– 14 December 1878, section
1529:. In Marion Harland (ed.).
1394:– Consul Books (1963) p. 89
1239:; Ivison Stevenson (1839).
846:, the earliest of which is
534:The Illustrated Police News
60:#2, Aldine Publishing, 1904
2100:
1955:. London: Treasure, 1991.
1822:, (1996), pp. 7–125.
1179:of 10 and 12 January 1838.
829:A similar figure known as
708:Henry de La Poer Beresford
29:
1704:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1375:– 17 March 1877, section
721:the Marquess of Waterford
44:
2069:Mass psychogenic illness
1867:. London: Muller, 1977.
1358:"The Aldershott Ghost",
1190:"The Whitechapel murder"
1173:, based on reports from
1135:, asserts that the term
369:Scales and Alsop reports
2035:17 October 2012 at the
1684:J. R. Southall (2016).
723:, as the main suspect.
467:shows, as recounted by
352:A peculiar report from
2000:Quotations related to
1922:. Amazon Kindle 2013.
1584:The Mothman Prophecies
805:authors, particularly
772:
760:Paranormal conjectures
711:
558:
493:
456:
381:
296:
258:
204:
50:
1371:"Our Camp Letter" –
825:Counterpart in Prague
815:Mad Gasser of Mattoon
767:
706:
557:as it looked in 1866.
552:
446:
376:
256:
222:. On her way through
199:
49:
2079:Supernatural legends
2045:—Fortean Page on SHJ
1992:at Wikimedia Commons
1837:(4 September 2007).
1637:"Spring-Heeled Jack"
1527:"Spring-Heeled Jack"
1511:Jacqueline Simpson,
1427:"Our Camp Letter" –
1319:The South Australian
1096:"Spring-heeled Jack"
857:Springman and the SS
819:"Old Hag" phenomenon
573:Lord Ernest Hamilton
512:" which appeared in
354:The Brighton Gazette
263:Lord Mayor of London
249:Official recognition
30:For other uses, see
1967:Simpson, Jacqueline
1793:. Dodd Mead, 1982.
1543:Massimo Polidoro, "
1008:The Weekly Scotsman
908:The Springheel Saga
688:Sceptical positions
114:Spring-heeled Jack
41:
2020:". Local Legends.
2018:Spring Heeled Jack
2002:Spring-heeled Jack
1990:Spring Heeled Jack
1971:Spring-Heeled Jack
1600:Mysterious America
1550:Sceptical Inquirer
1513:Spring-Heeled Jack
1489:, ed. Steve Moore.
1202:on 6 October 2008.
1158:Spring-Heeled Jack
1125:Spring-heeled Jack
1044:David Cordingly, "
1010:, 16 January 1897.
921:Devil's Footprints
872:Spring-Heeled Jack
773:
770:Spring-heeled Jack
712:
563:Aldershot Garrison
559:
516:in February 1855.
510:Devil's Footprints
457:
449:Spring Heeled Jack
382:
302:, Hammersmith and
259:
205:
58:Spring-Heeled Jack
51:
40:Spring-heeled Jack
1988:Media related to
1732:978-1-84383-787-9
1666:Publishers Weekly
1642:Publishers Weekly
1433:Aldershot Gazette
1388:Elliott O'Donnell
1377:Aldershot Gazette
527:News of the World
430:Red Barn Murderer
181:Hammersmith Ghost
111:
110:
16:(Redirected from
2091:
2059:English folklore
1999:
1987:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1737:Berlitz, Charles
1710:
1709:
1703:
1695:
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1675:
1674:
1669:. 19 July 2010.
1657:
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781:retro-reflective
777:extraterrestrial
737:County Waterford
733:E. Cobham Brewer
497:Northamptonshire
491:
118:English folklore
116:is an entity in
42:
21:
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2098:
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2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2049:
2048:
2037:Wayback Machine
1980:
1951:Robins, Joyce.
1849:
1847:
1833:
1814:Fortean Studies
1787:Cohen, Daniel.
1772:Clarke, David.
1719:
1717:Further reading
1714:
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1225:. 2 March 1838.
1215:
1214:
1207:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1169:Peter Haining,
1168:
1164:
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1151:
1144:
1129:Springheel Jack
1118:
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1026:(February 2011)
1021:
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991:Sheffield Times
986:Sheffield Times
983:
979:
974:
926:Jack the Ripper
917:
866:
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690:
677:
648:was hit during
646:British Library
634:popular culture
630:
614:
594:
575:'s 1922 memoir
547:
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461:penny dreadfuls
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1978:External links
1976:
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1949:
1934:Randles, Jenny
1931:
1918:Paton, James.
1916:
1898:
1895:978-1620554968
1879:Matthews, John
1876:
1859:Haining, Peter
1856:
1835:Dunning, Brian
1831:
1828:978-1870870825
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883:Neil Cicierega
876:Philip Pullman
865:
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835:Czechoslovakia
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787:breath) and a
761:
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749:sensationalist
745:oral tradition
717:Irish nobleman
689:
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553:North Camp in
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486:Henry Mayhew,
483:
465:Punch and Judy
453:penny dreadful
421:
420:Popularisation
418:
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267:Sir John Cowan
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234:, causing the
224:Clapham Common
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71:
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19:
2028:
2004:at Wikiquote
1970:
1952:
1937:
1919:
1904:
1901:Nevins, Jess
1882:
1862:
1848:. Retrieved
1842:
1820:Moore, Steve
1812:
1808:
1788:
1773:
1758:
1740:
1723:
1722:Bell, Karl.
1689:
1679:
1664:
1655:
1640:
1631:
1614:
1609:Unexplained!
1605:
1596:
1582:
1581:, author of
1573:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1539:
1530:
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1345:
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1294:
1284:
1264:3, p.pp.62–3
1261:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1220:
1200:the original
1193:
1184:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1131:". Haining,
1128:
1124:
1121:Unexplained!
1120:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1051:The Scotsman
1049:
1023:
1007:
998:
990:
985:
980:
931:Jersey Devil
906:
905:
898:
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892:View Monster
890:
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867:
855:
851:
828:
811:Jerome Clark
801:
774:
769:
741:
729:
713:
691:
678:
662:pulp fiction
654:
642:
631:
615:
606:Lincolnshire
598:Newport Arch
595:
592:Lincolnshire
576:
571:
560:
532:
525:
523:
520:Last reports
505:mail coaches
494:
487:
480:
472:
469:Henry Mayhew
458:
448:
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201:
178:
170:
145:
141:urban legend
138:
113:
112:
57:
36:
1137:"springald"
1105:19 December
887:Lemon Demon
669:superheroes
581:60th Rifles
501:East Anglia
404:Scales case
343:Forest Hill
185:Hammersmith
148:physiognomy
2064:Jack tales
2053:Categories
1928:B00EK40WGE
1805:Dash, Mike
1142:Steel Jack
1079:019861411X
972:References
966:The Shadow
852:Pérák a SS
848:Jiří Trnka
789:superhuman
785:phosphorus
682:paranormal
666:comic book
585:Colchester
395:Alsop case
335:Blackheath
323:Camberwell
300:Kensington
277:", wrote:
167:Precedents
2012:Mike Dash
1691:Starburst
1579:John Keel
1498:Haining,
1470:Randles,
1360:The Times
1326:21 August
1278:pp. 26–27
1222:The Times
1195:The Times
1176:The Times
1004:Edinburgh
839:Mike Dash
664:and then
650:The Blitz
612:Liverpool
555:Aldershot
545:Aldershot
539:Sheffield
438:greatcoat
425:The Times
410:Limehouse
388:The Times
362:The Times
358:The Times
347:pantomime
315:Stockwell
309:The Times
220:Battersea
211:in 1904.
209:Liverpool
156:gentleman
106:Liverpool
2033:Archived
1889:, 2016.
1844:Skeptoid
1816:, vol. 3
1700:cite web
1671:Archived
1647:Archived
1407:(1922).
1292:(1861).
936:Jiangshi
915:See also
698:bogeyman
675:Theories
638:bogeyman
484:—
434:overalls
331:Lewisham
327:Vauxhall
236:coachman
232:carriage
134:Scotland
130:Midlands
66:Grouping
1276:Burke,
1160:(2001).
1119:Clark,
951:Mothman
941:Krampus
803:Fortean
753:fairies
725:Haining
618:Everton
602:Lincoln
490:, p. 52
471:in his
447:Ad for
319:Brixton
294:silent.
275:Peckham
162:History
152:oilskin
120:of the
88:Country
82:phantom
1959:
1944:
1926:
1911:
1893:
1871:
1850:29 May
1826:
1797:
1780:
1765:
1747:
1730:
1587:, and
1127:" or "
1077:
961:Batman
956:Owlman
797:occult
567:blanks
455:(1886)
436:and a
304:Ealing
173:ghosts
128:, the
126:London
102:London
98:Region
1811:, in
1623:(PDF)
1417:–164.
793:demon
600:, in
514:Devon
284:devil
243:press
78:demon
1957:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1924:ASIN
1909:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1852:2022
1824:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1706:link
1328:2013
1107:2021
1075:ISBN
809:and
451:, a
333:and
325:and
132:and
70:Hoax
2022:BBC
2010:by
1547:",
1415:163
1048:",
854:or
2055::
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