558:
446:, a radical change was made to the 5000 meter race when the ICF introduced six portages. During these, athletes must jump out of their boats and carry them for a short distance before getting back in. This decision was made after the success of canoe marathon, where portages are an integral part of the discipline, in engaging viewers. This decision has been met with critique in some circles, as marathon paddlers suddenly gained a distinct advantage due to being more practiced at portaging. Additionally, sprint boats cannot have a foot pump to remove water from the boat, making portages more difficult and chaotic, with equipment sometimes becoming damaged, causing athletes to retire from the race.
50:
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567:
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510:, the blade is typically short and broad, with a 'power face' on one side that is either flat or scalloped out. The shaft will typically be longer than a tripping canoe paddle, because the kneeling position puts the paddler higher above the surface of the water. More recent designs of canoe racing paddles often have a slight bent shaft, commonly 12–14 degrees. (a concept of canoe designer Eugene Jensen in the 1960s). Many high-performance canoe paddlers prefer the feel of a wooden handle with a carbon fiber shaft and blade, while nearly all high-performance kayak paddlers use paddles made completely of carbon fiber.
424:
less noticeable at the ICF World
Championships, with only one race category that men and women do not both compete in since 2021. The same is true for canoes, which race over shorter distances at the Olympics in comparison to kayaks. At the ICF World Championships, though, there is little to no difference between the classes. While the ICF has given no clear reason for this difference, it is likely due to the gap in speeds between men and women, and between kayaks and canoes. This also supports the fact that the faster crew boats, especially the C4 and the K4, tend to race over 500 and 1000 meters.
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247:(ICF), which recognises four official distances and three boat classes in which athletes can compete. Competitors may race over 200, 500, 1000, and 5000 metres in crews consisting of one, two, or four athletes, across either eight or nine lanes marked by buoys. Occasionally, regional championships include variations to this format, such as 100-meter sprints.
486:
or spoon, creating lift and increasing the power and stability of the stroke. There are many variations of wing paddles, ranging from longer and narrower options for more stability throughout the entire stroke to more extreme 'teardrop' shaped paddles for a firmer application of power at the start of
250:
Modern canoeing as a competitive sport can be traced back to the mid-19th century when travelers popularised competitive canoeing in central Europe and North
America. Around 1900, the first national and international canoeing federations were formed, leading to international competitions in the first
423:
As there are many different possible combinations amongst boat classes and distances, not every possible event is held. This has led to a general trend of allocating shorter events to women and longer events to men, especially at the
Olympics where there is an event cap. This trend has become much
410:
Race categories are defined by gender, boat class, and distance. The distances recognized by the ICF for international canoe sprint races are 200m, 500m, 1000m, and 5000m. Over these four distances, the ICF recognizes six boat classes, known as 'International Boats'. These are: K1, K2, K4, C1, C2,
454:
Canoe sprint races take place on flatwater courses, including lakes, calm rivers, or artificial waterways. Regattas at a national and international level take place on regatta courses, which are typically 2km long and consist of different lanes demarcated by buoys. The colour and placement of the
414:
Crew boats only race over the shortest three distances, which are also the only distances to have featured at the
Olympic Games since 1960. Whilst athletes must race in designated lanes for the 200, 500, and 1000 meter races, the 5000m diverges from this format. Instead, athletes start in a large
393:
being the first
Olympic Games to see an equal number of events for both women and men, with women competing in canoes for the first time. The slow progress has often been justified by an aim to distribute events fairly, given event caps and athlete quotas in light of a lesser number of female
501:
In a canoe the paddler kneels on one knee with the other leg forward and foot flat on the floor of the boat, and paddles a single-bladed paddle on one side only with what is known as a 'J-stroke' to control the boat's direction. In Canada, a racing class exists for the C-15 or WC or
309:
became club
Commodore, giving the sport even more attention. The new clubs promoted the organisation of regattas and contributed to the establishment of formal national bodies to define the rules of the sport. MacGregor, for example, would go on to found the
481:
for steering and course adjustment, which is operated by the feet of the paddler in the front. The paddle used is usually a 'wing paddle' (although standard asymmetrical paddles can also be used) – wing paddles have blades which are shaped to resemble a
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305:, the world's first canoe club. It was not long before other clubs started emerging on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1867 The Canoe Club would hold the first modern day canoeing competition. It was in the same year that Prince
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before they were allowed to compete in canoeing at an
Olympic level, albeit only in one discipline, as opposed to the eight available to men at the time. This ratio has improved very slowly but steadily since then, with the
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506:", as well as a similarly designed C-4 (which is much shorter and more squat than an 'International' C-4). An antiquated boat class is the C-7, resembling a large C4 which was debuted by the ICF with little success. For
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459:. The ICF further requires that there is a homologated start system at the 200m, 500m and 1000m marks. For long distance races, so the 5000m, the ICF requires either a long distance start system or a long pontoon.
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364:), who expressed concern that an influx of small crafts would compromise the freedom of rowers on lakes and waterways. The IRK, however, successfully appealed this decision in 1934, leading to the inclusion of
60:
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435:, the ICF launched a completely new race class: the mixed K2 200m and 500m respectively. Here a man and a woman race together, and the class is abbreviated by an X; for example, "XK2 200". The
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and C4, where the number indicates the size of the crew and “K” stands for kayak and “C” for canoe. Thus "MK1 1000m" would stand for a male one-person kayak racing over 1000 meters.
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growing interest in outdoors activities such as camping and pleasure boating, MacGregor's weekly accounts of his journey through the waterways of Europe became immensely popular.
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pack, navigating a set course with several turning points. More turns have been introduced over time with the aim of making the event more interesting to spectators.
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The sport's growing popularity in the early 1900s prompted the need for international structure. In 1924, the predecessor of the
International Canoe Federation, the
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376:. Since the first international competitions, there has been a noticeable trend of reducing the race distances. As 10km was removed, 500m and 200m were introduced.
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This article is about the overarching sport canoe sprint, which is practiced both in kayaks and canoes. For the sport exclusively practiced in canoes, see
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were the first to have an equal number of events for both women and men, with women being able to race in canoes since the
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with many more events. On the whole, European athletes have dominated the sport, winning over 90% of all available medals.
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279:, is widely recognised for popularising competitive canoeing during the late 19th century. Against the backdrop of
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also saw the introduction of a relay mixed K1 5000m, which has yet to be brought to the senior level.
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360:. Spearheading this decision was the president of the International Federation for Rowing Societies (
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faced a different challenge. The application was initially rejected in 1933, the same year as the
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847:"Women's Canoe Long Overdue: An In-Depth Analysis as to Why Women's Canoe Isn't in the Olympics"
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athletes, particularly in canoeing. This is still the case in most nations. Similarly, the
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In a kayak, the paddler is seated in the direction of travel, and uses a double-bladed
321:(IRK), was formed by German, Austrian and Swedish delegates at a meeting hosted by the
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233:
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on calm water over a short distance. Prior to
November 2008, canoe sprint was known as
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Despite canoe sprint becoming an
Olympic sport in 1936, women had to wait until the
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due to the limited number of proposed participating nations. The application to the
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1983:
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which would become popular and inspire others to try the sport. In 1866 he founded
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33:
336:. Despite this the sport would not be a part of the next two summer olympics. The
332:. This laid the foundation for the first international competitions, including a
1936:
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213:
682:"John 'Rob Roy' MacGregor (1825-1892): Explorer, Evangelist and Philanthropist"
17:
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Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions
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quarter of the 20th century. Male canoeists have competed at the
2037:
2005:
483:
1809:
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340:
had rejected applications for the inclusion of canoeing in the
290:
John MacGregor paddles through the small German town of
228:. The term is still in use today but is often used as a
898:"Portages Contribute to Canoe Sprint Marathon Success"
2140:
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1553:
Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon
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368:starting from the 1936 Olympic Games onwards. The
255:since 1936, and women's canoeing was added to the
240:' is used to describe both kayaking and canoeing.
819:Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Canoeing
762:Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Canoeing
1634:Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival
1821:
961:
334:demonstration event at the 1924 Olympic games
319:Internationale Repräsentantenschaft Kanusport
216:in which athletes race in specially designed
8:
791:"How Denmark set stage for formation of ICF"
27:Discipline in sport of canoeing and kayaking
1604:Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival
1828:
1814:
1806:
1614:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
968:
954:
946:
38:
444:2023 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
396:2021 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
619:
517:
437:2023 Junior and U23 World Championships
297:Upon his return to England he authored
263:. In addition, the ICF holds an annual
236:and canoe sprint. Similarly, the term '
1672:British Dragon Boat Racing Association
299:A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe,
816:McKenzie, Don; Mortimer, Ian (2019).
759:McKenzie, Don; Mortimer, Ian (2019).
740:. Royal Hawaiian Outrigger Canoe Club
7:
1773:The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes
1725:International Dragon Boat Federation
825:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 7.
797:. The International Canoe Federation
768:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 3.
605:ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
261:canoe sprint events at the Olympics
789:Berkeley, Jeff (19 January 2024).
25:
1538:List of world records in canoeing
259:in 1948. Today, there are twelve
1836:
1791:
634:. International Canoe Federation
574:
565:
556:
547:
538:
529:
520:
354:inaugural European championships
48:
1792:
1624:Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival
595:Canoeing at the Summer Olympics
366:canoeing at the Summer Olympics
338:International Olympic Committee
877:International Canoe Federation
653:Gartner, Emily (23 May 2019).
628:"Olympic Canoe Sprint History"
600:International Canoe Federation
245:International Canoe Federation
79:International Canoe Federation
1:
1548:Au Sable River Canoe Marathon
680:Wenham, Simon (12 May 2020).
243:The sport is governed by the
157:River, artificial lake, canal
61:Heat 3 of the Men's K-1 200m
1619:Houston Dragon Boat Festival
1521:Canoeing and kayaking venues
655:"Camping in Victorian times"
433:2022 ICF World Championships
85:First modern-day competition
1702:Portuguese Canoe Federation
1629:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival
1588:Riverland Paddling Marathon
2254:
2233:Summer Olympic disciplines
1697:Scottish Canoe Association
1657:American Canoe Association
1652:European Canoe Association
1145:Women's Canadian medalists
494:
466:
312:American Canoe Association
166:Glossary of canoeing terms
31:
2190:
1789:
1735:UK Rivers Access Campaign
1687:Croatian Canoe Federation
149:(single or double bladed)
41:
1692:Israel Canoe Association
1563:Hawkesbury Canoe Classic
1543:Adirondack Canoe Classic
1140:Men's Canadian medalists
853:. WomenCAN International
714:. Scottish Sport History
712:scottishsporthistory.com
400:2010 World Championships
370:first world championship
277:John "Rob Roy" MacGregor
275:The Scottish traveller,
1196:Slalom Junior & U23
1185:Women's kayak medalists
1175:Women's canoe medalists
1155:Women's kayak medalists
708:"Adventures in a canoe"
323:Danish Canoe Federation
1573:National Student Rodeo
1256:Canoe and kayak diving
1117:Standup paddleboarding
372:took place in 1938 in
294:
2202:Winter Olympic sports
2130:Greco-Roman wrestling
1842:Summer Olympic sports
1720:Canadian Canoe Museum
1568:Massive Murray Paddle
1515:Artificial whitewater
1190:Mixed canoe medalists
1180:Men's kayak medalists
1170:Men's canoe medalists
1150:Men's kayak medalists
926:. ICF. Archived from
659:friendsofdalnavert.ca
289:
119:Separate competitions
2228:Canoeing disciplines
2141:Discretionary sports
1426:Canoe paddle strokes
1383:Sturgeon-nosed canoe
904:. insidethegames.biz
391:2020 Summer Olympics
253:Summer Olympic Games
190:(both men and women)
2125:Freestyle wrestling
2021:Rhythmic gymnastics
2016:Artistic gymnastics
1712:Other organisations
1558:Dusi Canoe Marathon
1312:International Canoe
1232:Whitewater canoeing
1227:Small-craft sailing
1160:Paracanoe medalists
688:. The Victorian Web
281:Victorian society's
74:governing body
1677:Canoe Kayak Canada
1459:Albano buoy system
1322:Recreational kayak
1266:Canoe orienteering
1211:Wildwater canoeing
1015:Wildwater canoeing
902:insidethegames.biz
738:royaloutrigger.com
661:. Dalnavert Museum
455:buoys follows the
386:1948 Olympic Games
380:Inclusion of women
350:1936 Olympic games
346:1932 Olympic Games
295:
265:World Championship
186:(men only); since
65:2016 Olympic Games
2210:
2209:
2198:Paralympic sports
2043:Modern pentathlon
1871:Marathon Swimming
1803:
1802:
1761:Paddle-to-the-Sea
1754:La Chasse-galerie
1373:Pacific Northwest
1336:Traditional boats
1070:Other disciplines
257:Olympic programme
207:
206:
16:(Redirected from
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2108:Beach volleyball
1849:Mandatory sports
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1662:Paddle Australia
1644:Governing bodies
1583:Waterside Series
1578:Thameside Series
1056:Female medalists
988:Main disciplines
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930:on 27 April 2014
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477:. Kayaks have a
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1051:Male medalists
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1005:Canoe marathon
1002:
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985:
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958:
950:
942:
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924:"Canoe sprint"
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873:"Canoe Sprint"
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495:Main article:
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467:Main article:
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420:
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381:
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303:The Canoe Club
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234:canoe marathon
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2173:
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2167:Flag football
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2115:Weightlifting
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2068:Skateboarding
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2019:
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1962:Track cycling
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1307:Folding kayak
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1129:championships
1128:
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1102:Surf kayaking
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1020:Canoe sailing
1018:
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839:
834:
832:9781119097228
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559:
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541:
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518:
513:
511:
509:
508:racing canoes
505:
498:
490:
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470:
462:
460:
458:
457:Albano-system
449:
447:
445:
440:
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418:
416:
412:
405:
403:
401:
397:
392:
387:
379:
377:
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363:
359:
356:were held in
355:
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343:
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335:
329:
324:
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315:
313:
308:
304:
300:
293:
288:
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278:
270:
268:
266:
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258:
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246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:sprint kayaks
219:
218:sprint canoes
215:
211:
203:
199:
197:
193:
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185:
181:
179:
175:
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108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
75:
70:
66:
62:
51:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2238:Canoe racing
2223:Canoe sprint
2194:
2083:Table tennis
2053:Rugby sevens
2026:Trampolining
1996:Field hockey
1984:Show jumping
1957:Road cycling
1930:Canoe sprint
1929:
1925:Canoe slalom
1778:
1771:
1759:
1752:
1531:Competitions
1519:
1479:Paddle leash
1474:Paddle float
1327:Sprint canoe
1280:Modern boats
1271:Canoe livery
1241:Sea kayaking
1234: /
1206:Ocean Racing
1107:Snow boating
1000:Canoe slalom
995:Canoe sprint
994:
932:. Retrieved
928:the original
918:
906:. Retrieved
901:
892:
880:. Retrieved
867:
855:. Retrieved
850:
841:
818:
811:
799:. Retrieved
795:canoeicf.com
794:
784:
761:
754:
742:. Retrieved
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
711:
702:
690:. Retrieved
685:
675:
663:. Retrieved
658:
648:
636:. Retrieved
632:canoeicf.com
631:
622:
609:
500:
497:Sprint canoe
487:the stroke.
472:
469:Sprint kayak
453:
441:
426:
422:
413:
409:
383:
318:
316:
298:
296:
274:
249:
242:
225:
210:Canoe sprint
209:
208:
106:Team members
34:Sprint canoe
29:
1780:Waterwalker
1682:Canoe Wales
1363:Fur brigade
1097:Surf skiing
1087:Nouka Baich
326: [
214:water sport
128:Water sport
2217:Categories
2103:Volleyball
2011:Gymnastics
1969:Equestrian
1942:BMX racing
1903:Basketball
1881:Water polo
1494:Spray deck
1436:Kayak roll
1418:Techniques
1220:Recreation
1010:Canoe polo
801:27 January
692:27 January
665:27 January
614:References
314:in 1880.
307:Edward VII
292:Tuttlingen
196:Paralympic
2195:See also:
2120:Wrestling
2098:Triathlon
2088:Taekwondo
1898:Badminton
1893:Athletics
1667:Paddle UK
1597:Festivals
1464:Outrigger
1451:Equipment
1408:Swan boat
1403:War canoe
1030:Paracanoe
882:3 October
734:"History"
504:War Canoe
232:for both
135:Equipment
130:, outdoor
115:Mixed-sex
109:1, 2 or 4
2177:Lacrosse
2157:Softball
2153:Baseball
2148:Breaking
2063:Shooting
2033:Handball
2001:Football
1979:Eventing
1974:Dressage
1920:Canoeing
1876:Swimming
1861:Artistic
1856:Aquatics
1489:Sea sock
1236:kayaking
1201:Marathon
1077:Creeking
1039:Olympics
981:kayaking
977:Canoeing
934:26 April
584:See also
238:canoeing
230:hypernym
172:Presence
162:Glossary
72:Highest
2162:Cricket
2078:Surfing
2058:Sailing
1991:Fencing
1937:Cycling
1888:Archery
1797:Outline
1484:Royalex
1441:Portage
1378:Rabaska
908:22 June
857:22 June
744:22 June
718:22 June
638:22 June
514:Gallery
442:At the
427:At the
374:Vaxholm
271:History
178:Olympic
98:Contact
63:at the
2182:Squash
2172:Karate
2093:Tennis
2048:Rowing
1915:Boxing
1866:Diving
1508:Venues
1499:Tuilik
1469:Paddle
1388:Taimen
1358:Dugout
1348:Cayuco
1166:Slalom
1136:Sprint
1061:Venues
829:
772:
479:rudder
475:paddle
450:Venues
419:Trends
358:Prague
200:since
182:since
147:paddle
1745:Media
1393:Umiak
1317:Malia
1302:Flyak
1292:Kayak
1287:Canoe
823:(PDF)
766:(PDF)
491:Canoe
463:Kayak
330:]
212:is a
154:Venue
143:Canoe
139:Kayak
2200:and
2038:Judo
2006:Golf
1766:film
1398:Waka
979:and
936:2014
910:2024
884:2018
859:2024
827:ISBN
803:2024
770:ISBN
746:2024
720:2024
694:2024
667:2024
640:2024
484:wing
431:and
429:2021
362:FISA
344:and
342:1928
202:2016
188:1948
184:1936
124:Type
88:1869
1908:3x3
1127:ICF
220:or
141:or
2219::
2155:/
900:.
875:.
849:.
793:.
736:.
710:.
684:.
657:.
630:.
402:.
328:dk
145:,
101:No
1829:e
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1764:(
1192:)
1168:(
1162:)
1138:(
969:e
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938:.
912:.
886:.
861:.
835:.
805:.
778:.
748:.
722:.
696:.
669:.
642:.
502:"
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
