31:
568:
537:
53:
556:
1924:
630:
236:(ca. 515 million years). Historically, many concentric radiolarians have been included in the Spumellaria order based on the absence of the initial spicular system, an early-develop structure that, by its lacking, sets them apart from
231:
appearing in abundance in the world's oceans, possessing a radially-symmetrical silica (opal) skeleton that has ensured their preservation in fossil records. They belong among the oldest
Polycystine organisms, dating back to the lower
1989:
1837:
1850:
1965:
567:
612:, Mendez Sandin. Diversity and Evolution of Nassellaria and Spumellaria (Radiolaria). Protistology. Sorbonne Université, 2019. English. Accessed at:
1811:
536:
661:
555:
1899:
695:
690:
1958:
634:
774:
764:
747:
125:
1984:
52:
1994:
613:
610:
1855:
1951:
275:, which may cause their distribution to center in the greatest abundance and diversity within trophical waters.
30:
779:
450:
300:
1751:
654:
445:
1886:
742:
574:
455:
370:
335:
1681:
1600:
425:
295:
490:
465:
415:
405:
1904:
1865:
1798:
1583:
1406:
440:
400:
350:
330:
305:
1686:
1595:
1589:
1396:
1167:
1042:
884:
595:
505:
410:
1670:
1135:
936:
510:
435:
420:
375:
365:
325:
179:
164:
156:
1629:
1539:
1492:
1401:
1052:
1047:
828:
395:
360:
237:
759:
737:
725:
700:
480:
390:
385:
380:
290:
171:
47:
889:
460:
345:
187:
931:
833:
310:
240:
despite their similar morphology. Living exemplars of the order feed by catching prey, such as
1873:
1439:
1155:
1150:
1110:
1006:
769:
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720:
710:
647:
1935:
1789:
1878:
1842:
1717:
1534:
1313:
1070:
684:
1891:
1923:
1721:
1258:
485:
260:
244:
1676:
1487:
1391:
1120:
996:
856:
812:
715:
475:
320:
195:
90:
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1978:
1577:
1549:
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355:
315:
268:
264:
145:
1700:
1618:
1557:
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1510:
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1472:
1462:
1298:
1263:
1250:
1240:
1145:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1097:
983:
973:
908:
851:
843:
285:
224:
141:
1931:
1824:
1783:
1572:
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1429:
1416:
1308:
1268:
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614:
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03137926/file/MENDEZ_SANDIN_Miguel_2019.pdf
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1355:
1303:
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1075:
1029:
1011:
1001:
256:
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1562:
1524:
1227:
1037:
954:
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extending radially from their skeleton; however, some have been observed as
64:
639:
1768:
1729:
1725:
1623:
1235:
1210:
946:
801:
754:
670:
233:
228:
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living in symbiosis with various photosynthetic algal organisms such as
1816:
1713:
1339:
241:
100:
1829:
1733:
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1745:
596:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=345835
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1749:
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1415:
1382:
1364:
1353:
1336:
1291:
1249:
1226:
1219:
1208:
1096:
1061:
1028:
982:
971:
945:
924:
917:
906:
875:
842:
821:
811:
798:
1959:
655:
8:
1990:Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1966:
1952:
1746:
1468:
1457:
1361:
1350:
1346:
1333:
1223:
1216:
1205:
1093:
1058:
1025:
989:
979:
968:
921:
914:
903:
818:
808:
795:
662:
648:
640:
29:
20:
606:
604:
594:WoRMS (2019). Spumellaria. Accessed at:
561:Shells of (mostly) Spumellaria (Haeckel)
587:
532:
7:
1920:
1918:
1866:3fc88e0f-9386-438c-b0ce-00df3ef8ff36
521:in this order are still considered
1938:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
199:Haeckel, 1862 emend. Riedel, 1967
1922:
628:
566:
554:
535:
251:, on the adhesive ends of their
51:
16:Order of single-celled organisms
1:
2011:
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1456:
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1332:
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1024:
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902:
794:
678:
138:
133:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
543:Hexancistra quadricuspis
1934:-related article is a
1887:Paleobiology Database
575:Challenger Expedition
573:Spumellaria from the
517:In addition, several
451:Pseudoacanthocircidae
301:Archaeospongoprunidae
1708:organization type:
446:Praeconocaryommidae
227:. They are ameboid
1985:Radiolarian orders
1342:
1338:
456:Pseudoaulophacidae
371:Hexaporobrachiidae
336:Dactyliosphaeridae
1995:Radiolarian stubs
1947:
1946:
1915:
1914:
1874:Open Tree of Life
1752:Taxon identifiers
1743:
1742:
1726:heliozoan amoebae
1718:amoeboflagellates
1682:Labyrinthomyxidae
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1601:Globigerinitoidea
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1451:
1448:
1447:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
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1286:
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1199:
1196:
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1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
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1179:
1176:
1175:
1111:Phaeogymnocellida
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1020:
1019:
1007:Paracercomonadida
963:
962:
898:
897:
426:Patulibracchiidae
296:Angulobracchiidae
214:
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192:
184:
176:
168:
161:
153:
129:
2002:
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1806:
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1535:Silicoloculinida
1469:
1465:
1458:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1314:Plasmodiophorida
1224:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1094:
1071:Thaumatomonadida
1059:
1026:
990:
980:
976:
969:
922:
915:
911:
904:
819:
809:
805:
796:
707:
687:
664:
657:
650:
641:
633:Data related to
632:
617:
608:
599:
592:
570:
558:
539:
491:Thalassicollidae
466:Pyramispongiidae
416:Parasaturnalidae
406:Orbiculiformidae
206:
198:
190:
182:
174:
167:
159:
144:
124:
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55:
33:
21:
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1802:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1722:testate amoebae
1691:
1640:
1605:
1584:Globotruncanida
1544:
1505:
1461:
1444:
1411:
1407:Symphyacanthida
1378:
1354:
1337:
1320:
1283:
1259:Claustrosporida
1245:
1209:
1172:
1080:
1057:
1016:
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838:
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637:at Wikispecies
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609:
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571:
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531:
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486:Stylosphaeridae
441:Phaseliformidae
401:Oertlispongidae
351:Ethmosphaeridae
331:Conocaryommidae
306:Astrosphaeridae
281:
261:dinoflagellates
219:is an order of
123:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1912:
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1909:
1896:
1883:
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1860:
1847:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1780:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:sporozoan-like
1706:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1687:Rhizoplasmidae
1684:
1679:
1677:Gymnosphaerida
1674:
1666:
1664:
1662:Incertae sedis
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1611:Incertae sedis
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1596:Guembelitriida
1592:
1590:Heterohelicida
1586:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1488:Xenophyophorea
1485:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:Chaunocanthida
1394:
1392:Arthracanthida
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1359:
1344:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
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1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1168:Ventricleftida
1165:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Phaeosphaerida
1118:
1113:
1102:
1100:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:Spongomonadida
1040:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:Glissomonadida
993:
987:
977:
965:
964:
961:
960:
958:
957:
951:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
928:
926:
919:
912:
900:
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
887:
885:Chlorarachnida
881:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
857:Desmothoracida
854:
848:
846:
840:
839:
837:
836:
831:
825:
823:
816:
813:Reticulofilosa
806:
792:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:
784:
783:
780:Mesomycetozoea
777:
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728:
716:Diaphoretickes
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680:
679:
676:
675:
673:classification
669:
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624:External links
622:
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598:on 2019-01-08
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523:incertae sedis
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506:Veghicycliidae
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
476:Spongodiscidae
473:
468:
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458:
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448:
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438:
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418:
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411:Pantanelliidae
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398:
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388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
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353:
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343:
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328:
323:
321:Cavaspongiidae
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212:
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196:Spongodiscidae
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136:
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118:
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108:
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78:Diaphoretickes
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1906:
1901:
1897:
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1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
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1800:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1766:
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1763:
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1757:
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1731:
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1711:
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1659:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:Globigerinida
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:Globothalamea
1547:
1541:
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1533:
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1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
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1508:
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1501:
1497:
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1470:
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1438:
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1433:
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1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1366:Sticholonchea
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:Tectofilosida
1161:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:Phaeoconchida
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1063:Silicofilosea
1060:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1012:Cercomonadida
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
981:
978:
975:
970:
966:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
944:
938:
937:Metromonadida
935:
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929:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
910:
905:
901:
891:
888:
886:
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877:Chlorarachnea
874:
868:
865:
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862:Leucodictyida
860:
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849:
847:
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771:
768:
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766:
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761:
758:
757:
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753:
749:
746:
744:
743:Stramenopiles
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
727:
724:
723:
722:
719:
718:
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712:
709:
706:(major groups
704:
702:
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658:
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631:
623:
616:on 2022-10-18
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511:Xiphostylidae
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504:
502:
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497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
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482:
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471:Relindellidae
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Phacodiscidae
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:Parvivaccidae
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:Larnacillidae
374:
372:
369:
367:
366:Heliodiscidae
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Gomberellidae
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Coccodiscidae
324:
322:
319:
317:
316:Catenopylidae
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
278:
276:
274:
270:
269:prasinophytes
266:
265:cyanobacteria
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
223:in the class
222:
218:
207:Haeckel, 1887
205:
202:
197:
194:
191:Haeckel, 1881
189:
186:
183:Haeckel, 1887
181:
180:Orosphaeridae
178:
175:Haeckel, 1862
173:
170:
166:
165:Heliodiscidae
163:
160:Haeckel, 1862
158:
157:Coccodiscidae
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
139:
137:
132:
127:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1940:expanding it
1929:
1759:
1701:paraphyletic
1671:Lapot gusevi
1669:
1661:
1630:Heterogromia
1628:
1619:Involutinida
1610:
1558:Textulariida
1540:Ammodiscidae
1530:Spirillinida
1511:Tubothalamea
1500:Reticulomyxa
1498:
1493:Astrorhizida
1482:Allogromiida
1473:Monothalamea
1463:Foraminifera
1434:
1417:Polycystinea
1402:Holocanthida
1299:Vampyrellida
1264:Haplosporida
1251:Ascetosporea
1241:Reticulosida
1146:Cryomonadida
1131:Phaeogromida
1126:Phaeocalpida
1116:Phaeocystida
1098:Thecofilosea
1053:Variglissida
1048:Marimonadida
984:Sarcomonadea
974:Ventrifilosa
925:Metromonadea
909:Monadofilosa
852:Cryptofilida
844:Granofilosea
829:Aquavolonida
765:Opisthokonta
627:
590:
542:
522:
516:
396:Myelastridae
361:Hagiastridae
286:Actinommidae
238:Entactinaria
225:Polycystinea
221:radiolarians
216:
215:
152:Riedel, 1967
142:Actinommidae
120:
84:
71:
39:
24:Spumellaria
18:
1932:Radiolarian
1825:iNaturalist
1790:Spumellaria
1784:Wikispecies
1760:Spumellaria
1734:fungus-like
1710:flagellates
1573:Carterinida
1568:Robertinida
1435:Spumellaria
1430:Nassellaria
1309:Phagomyxida
1292:Proteomyxia
1269:Mikrocytida
867:Limnofilida
822:Skiomonadea
635:Spumellaria
501:Tritrabidae
496:Tholoniidae
481:Sponguridae
431:Patruliidae
391:Miropylidae
386:Litheliidae
381:Leugeonidae
341:Emiluviidae
291:Anakrusidae
273:haptophytes
253:pseudopodia
217:Spumellaria
204:Tholoniidae
172:Litheliidae
121:Spumellaria
111:Polycystina
38:Shell of a
1979:Categories
1636:Komokiacea
1520:Fusulinida
1425:Collodaria
1384:Acantharea
1374:Taxopodida
1356:Radiolaria
1304:Phytomyxea
1279:Paramyxida
1274:Paradinida
1106:Phaeodarea
1076:Euglyphida
1030:Imbricatea
1002:Katabiidae
890:Minorisida
582:References
461:Pyloniidae
346:Entapiidae
257:mixotrophs
249:tintinnids
188:Pyloniidae
40:Hexastylus
1563:Rotaliida
1525:Miliolida
1228:Gromiidea
1220:Marimyxia
1142:Eothecia
1038:Krakenida
955:Helkesida
932:Metopiida
834:Tremulida
760:Amoebozoa
738:Alveolata
726:Cryptista
701:Eukaryota
311:Bolenidae
134:Families
126:Ehrenberg
65:Eukaryota
1775:Q3967296
1769:Wikidata
1705:†extinct
1624:Lagenida
1440:Orodaria
1236:Gromiida
1211:Endomyxa
1156:Matazida
1151:Ebriacea
947:Helkesea
918:Eoglissa
802:Cercozoa
755:Amorphea
733:Rhizaria
721:Hacrobia
711:Excavata
696:Bacteria
671:Rhizaria
279:Families
234:Cambrian
229:protists
148:, 1862,
97:Phylum:
61:Domain:
1817:5955567
1804:2911249
1714:amoebae
1340:Retaria
770:Animals
691:Archaea
547:Haeckel
545:shell (
529:Gallery
245:nauplii
242:copepod
146:Haeckel
117:Order:
107:Class:
101:Retaria
1905:345835
1879:566631
1863:NZOR:
1830:152403
804:
800:
748:Plants
685:Domain
150:emend.
128:, 1875
1930:This
1900:WoRMS
1856:65583
1843:11505
1838:IRMNG
775:Fungi
85:Clade
72:Clade
1936:stub
1851:NCBI
1812:GBIF
519:taxa
42:sp.
1799:EoL
271:or
247:or
91:SAR
1981::
1902::
1889::
1876::
1853::
1840::
1827::
1814::
1801::
1786::
1771::
1732:;
1728:;
1724:;
1720:;
1716:;
1712:;
603:^
525:.
267:,
263:,
87::
74::
1967:e
1960:t
1953:v
1942:.
1892:5
1736:.
1699:*
1594:â€
1588:â€
1582:â€
1518:â€
1495:*
1484:*
1475:*
986:*
815:*
782:)
663:e
656:t
649:v
549:)
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