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The introduction of steel tools by
European settlers allowed the size and scale of wharenui to increase, and wharenui built from the 1840s onwards became the direct antecedents of the style and structure of modern wharenui. Taiporohenui, constructed at Manawapou (near modern day
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Wharenui have been built in New
Zealand for hundreds of years. By the 15th century, wharenui became more elaborately carved, and large enough that one or two central pou (posts) were needed to carry the weight of the structure. In the 18th century during the voyages of
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varying from tribe to tribe. Modern meeting houses are built to regular building standards. Photographs of recent ancestors may be used as well as carvings. The houses always have names, sometimes the name of a famous ancestor or sometimes a figure from
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Strict rules of conduct generally govern the use of the wharenui, which is considered the domain of unity and peace. If anyone should become irate or physically violent, they would be asked to leave the house until they can control their
177:. These wharenui were used for meetings, church services and accommodation. After the construction of Te Tokanganui-a-Noho, very few wharenui were created for decades, and those which were built were simpler and uncarved.
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While a meeting house is considered sacred, it is not a church or house of worship, but religious rituals may take place in front of or inside a meeting house. On most marae, no food may be taken into the meeting house.
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153:) in the 1850s, was 27.6 metres long and 9.2 metres wide. The size and scale of Taiporohenui symbolised the opposition of Māori to European settlement and colonisation of traditional lands.
111:(literally "carved house"), the present style of wharenui originated in the early to middle nineteenth century. The houses are often carved inside and out with stylized images of the
124:. Some meeting houses are built at places that are not the location of a tribe, but where many Māori gather; typically, a school or tertiary institution with many Māori students.
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depicting genitalia, and removed penises of ancestors from the carvings on wharenui. Opposition to carvings depicting genitalia began to cease in the 1940s.
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The building often symbolises an ancestor of the wharenui's tribe. Different parts of the building represent body parts of the ancestor.
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By the 1920s, marae and wharenui had become a symbol of Māori cultural identity, especially among people who were landless.
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351:, the horizontal element on the ground at the front of the wharenui, which acts as the threshold of the building
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was a large proponent of the re-development of marae in the country, leading to the construction of wharenui at
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is a very important open space directly in front of the wharenui, which is used to welcome visitors onto the
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began in 1870, and was eventually completed in 1888. The third, Te
Tokanganui-a-Noho, was constructed at
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Ceremonial occasions, including wedding and funeral typically take place in the meeting house or on the
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in
Chicago, Illinois has an original Māori meeting house, called Ruatepupuke II as shown in this
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Meeting houses are the centre of any cultural, business, or any affair which is relevant to the
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Typically, visitors to the village would be allowed to stay in the meeting house at night.
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141:, he and his crew sighted wharenui which were 10 metres in length, and entirely carved.
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Lee-Morgan, Jenny; Hoskins, Rau; Te Nana, Rihi; Rua, Mohi; Knox, Wayne (30 June 2019).
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302:(for the internal central column) literally means the "post that supports the heart".
495:
A Report of the
Manaaki Tāngata Programme at Te Puea Memorial Marae (Second Edition)
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500:(Report). Te Puea Memorial Marae, Ngā Wai a Te Tūī Māori and Indigenous Research.
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161:. The first, Tanewhirinaki, which was completed in the late 1860s and located at
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During the 19th and early 20th century, missionaries and
Christians condemned
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was a proponent of reviving wharenui as a symbol of Māori identity and mana.
165:, was painted in black, pink and white. Construction of Te Whai-a-te-Motu at
100:(a more generic term simply referring to a house or building). Also called a
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on the front of the wharenui can represent the ancestor's head.
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oversaw the construction of three massive wharenui during the
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in 1873, after Te Kooti retreated behind the border of the
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of New
Zealand, generally situated as the focal point of a
326:, upright carved panels that line the inside walls of the
115:'s (or tribe's) ancestors, with the style used for the
78:; literally "large house") is a communal house of the
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is the opening of Te Wheke Hall on
December 30, 1901.
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314:, the vertical supports that hold up the ends of the
566:. North Shore: Penguin Group. 2009. pp. 52–53.
363:and serves as an area on which to debate issues.
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533:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou – Struggle Without End
466:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou – Struggle Without End
40:at Waipapa Marae, University of Auckland
535:(2nd ed.). Auckland, New Zealand:
468:(2nd ed.). Auckland, New Zealand:
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288:(ridge beam) represents the backbone.
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306:Other important components include:
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273:) signify arms; the ends of the
629:The British Museum has a large
620:Field Museum of Natural History
337:or front door, along with the
88:. Wharenui are usually called
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243:including a depiction of a
204:, the first urban marae in
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231:(bargeboards) shown in red
295:or rafters signify ribs.
662:Vernacular architecture
657:Indigenous architecture
652:Māori words and phrases
590:. maoridictionary.co.nz
413:Indigenous architecture
48:Inside Tāne-nui-ā-rangi
388:in front of the house.
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202:Te Puea Memorial Marae
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36:Tāne-nui-ā-rangi, the
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104:("meeting house") or
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281:, meaning "fingers".
258:at the point of the
472:. p. 187-189.
96:, or simply called
94:New Zealand English
75:[ˈɸaɾɛnʉ.i]
27:Māori meeting house
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507:978-0-473-48540-5
62:Te Papa Tongarewa
16:(Redirected from
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511:. Retrieved
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64:, Wellington
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513:13 December
343:door lintel
277:are called
271:bargeboards
198:Ngāruawāhia
641:Categories
631:collection
594:2012-04-20
429:References
385:marae ātea
357:marae ātea
269:(diagonal
139:James Cook
418:Longhouse
367:Protocols
298:The word
239:A carved
219:Structure
167:Ruatāhuna
56:A modern
531:(2004).
464:(2004).
397:See also
328:verandah
279:raparapa
213:whakairo
206:Auckland
171:Te Kūiti
155:Te Kooti
117:carvings
108:whakairo
70:wharenui
58:wharenui
38:wharenui
613:picture
392:temper.
188:leader
163:Waioeka
132:History
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349:paepae
335:kūwaha
323:poupou
286:tāhuhu
256:koruru
147:Mokoia
106:whare
18:Tāhuhu
624:photo
611:This
498:(PDF)
361:marae
316:maihi
275:maihi
267:maihi
260:gable
229:maihi
98:whare
85:marae
618:The
568:ISBN
541:ISBN
515:2021
502:ISBN
474:ISBN
355:The
347:The
339:pare
333:The
320:The
310:The
293:heke
291:The
284:The
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254:The
241:pare
227:The
200:and
373:iwi
341:or
312:amo
196:in
149:in
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60:at
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68:A
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