625:(惠州起義) of 1900. He then returned to Yokohama where he raised thousands of yen in military funds to support the rising. Before the conflict, he went to Singapore to once again try to convince Kang Yu Wei to work with Sun Yat-sen. However, Kang mistakenly believed that Miyazaki was planning to assassinate him, and reported him to the British authorities in Singapore to have him arrested and deported. Miyazaki was arrested alongside a Japanese associate, Koshichirō Kiyofuji (清藤 幸七郎) on 6 July 1900, and spent a number of days in prison before being exiled from Singapore for a period of five years. He left Singapore and headed for Hong Kong with a group including Sun Yat-sen, but found that his exile was also enforced by the British authorities there. The uprising was aborted, and Miyazaki returned to Japan, facing criticism and suspicion from his Japanese comrades.
445:). While the school was being set up, Miyazaki and Isaac lived in Kagaku's hometown teaching local children English, with Miyazaki acting as Isaac's interpreter. There, he met and fell in love with Kagaku's younger sister, Tsuchi. Isaac's personal philosophy of anarchism involved a fanatical glorification of nature, which included open defecation in local fields. This strange lifestyle led over twenty of the school's students to leave immediately, causing the plans for a school to fall apart. Isaac was later deported to America.
359:. Miyazaki wrote of the school: "The Oe Academy was indeed an ideal home for me. No, more: it was a paradise of progressive liberalism and democracy." Miyazaki eventually became disillusioned with the school and began to question the sincerity of Soho and his students. Despite being an undoubtedly important skill for an activist, Miyazaki admitted in his autobiography that he was bad at public speaking at this time, to the point of feigning illness to avoid speaking at the school Speech Club.
390:, meaning that he would have to choose a denomination. Ultimately, Toten chose to be baptised in the Congregationalist Church, a decision which he attributed to a preference for its republican character and liberal faith, showing that he had not abandoned the liberal movement in his heart. After announcing his baptism to Fisher, Fisher responded by angrily arguing about baptism, and telling Miyazaki that membership of the Congregationalist Church would not suffice for salvation.
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458:. Yazō believed that a world revolution was necessary to end poverty, and that the first step in this revolution would have to be China. This sentiment resonated strongly with Miyazaki. Miyazaki later wrote "Truly, that one night became the one that set the course for half my life." Toten and Yazō then began to plan to learn Chinese language and culture. His other brother, Tamizō, refused to join as he found their plan to pretend to be Chinese deceitful.
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505:, but aside from his interactions with Chinese workers on the boat journey, he failed in this endeavour. He instead became involved in a venture to establish a Japanese settlement and lumber enterprise there, which also ended in failure. Between his trips to Siam, he also got news from his brother Yazō in Yokohama who had made contact with
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Hearing that Sun Yat-sen was due to travel to Japan, Miyazaki returned to
Yokohama to meet him. They first met in the house of Chan Siu Bak. Miyazaki was at first disappointed by Sun's sloppy appearance (he greeted Miyazaki in his bed clothes) but was won over by his fluid and passionate rhetoric as
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After falling deeply in love with Tsuchi, Miyazaki gradually developed guilt as he felt an early marriage would limit his ability to carry out his ambition of ending poverty around the world. He thus began planning to study in
America to study a liberal democracy and relieve his guilt about his lack
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outright when he met an eccentric
Swedish beggar named Isaac Abraham, who shocked Miyazaki by warning him against religion and that even in America and Europe, the home of liberal ideas, many people still suffer in poverty. Planning to start a school with local supporters who also had an interest in
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who advised him to give up his plans in Siam and focus on China. Inukai used his influence to have
Miyazaki and his comrades sent to China by the Foreign Ministry to investigate the state of secret societies in China. Before leaving for China, Miyazaki met with Chan Siu Bak who taught him about the
482:. During their meeting, Kim praised Miyazaki's plan to move to Shanghai and agreed that China would be the key to the future of Asia. The two made plans to eventually meet in Shanghai, but Kim was assassinated during his voyage across in 1894. Miyazaki attended Kim's funeral in Tokyo.
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In
January 1912 he published a speech transcript entitled Chinese Revolutionary Army Talks and Revolutionary Affairs （高瀬魁介編、明治出版社, to help publicise the revolution. He would travel back and forth between Japan and China regularly for the remainder of his life. In 1917, he visited
378:, and said his words felt like seeing "the hope of light in the darkness of the night." He attended the church regularly from then on, learning English from the pastor's wife. He was also introduced by his former teacher at Ōe Academy to a Kumamoto missionary, Reverend Mr.
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to learn
Chinese language and customs, but returned to Japan shortly after to seek money he had loaned a Nagasaki eccentric. He refused to stay among the Japanese community in China as he felt they were bent on the Japanese occupation of China, which he strongly opposed.
649:, Tokyo. He used this art form to articulate his philosophy to ordinary Japanese people, and in his essay "Kyōkaku to Edokko to Naniwabushi" he described his own performances as "art for the common people." During this period, he wrote his influential autobiography "
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school, but
Miyazaki denied offers to convert as he felt he would be abandoning his devotion to liberalism. Miyazaki ultimately left Christianity while in Nagasaki after studying theology, philosophy and sociology, deciding that he would instead but his faith in
613:. He convinced Kang to go into hiding in Japan and organised his transport across. Miyazaki hoped to unite the moderate reformers such as Kang and his supporters with the revolutionaries such as Sun and the Triad, but Kang was not open to working with Sun.
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in 1877 when Toten was seven years old. Upon hearing this news, his father told his family that "nobody in this family will ever work for the government," and from then on, Tōten saw all bureaucrats as evil thieves. Miyazaki and his brothers learned the
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Miyazaki initially studied at
Kumamoto Public Middle School, but was put off by his schoolmates' aspirations to become government officials. In 1885, he transferred to the Ōe Academy, the private school of the influential liberal journalist
433:. He was helped in this decision by a letter from his brother Yazō and friend from Waseda, Fujiyama, stating that they too left the faith for similar reasons. He still remained sentimentally attached to Christianity, however.
64:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Chinese revolutionary movement and told him about his comrade Sun Yat-sen, who was being imprisoned in London at the time. While in China on the orders of the ministry, he became connected with multiple members of Sun's
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He died at the age of 51 of urinary complications due to kidney disease on 6 December 1922 in Tokyo. A memorial service, hosted by Sun Yat-sen and others, was held in
Shanghai. In the grounds of Hakusan Shrine in
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and the pathetic state of China at the time. Miyazaki described him during their first meeting in his biography, "How noble his thought, how sharp his insight, how great his conception, how burning his fervor!"
509:, a revolutionary who had fled China after the failed Guangzhou Uprising. This contact would prove essential in Miyazaki's connection with Sun Yat-sen. Miyazaki returned from Siam for the last time in 1896.
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While at home in Japan, Miyazaki married Tsuchi Maeda who gave birth to his first son
Ryusuke. Determined to make progress on his plans with Yazō, Miyazaki decided to meet with Korean revolutionary
698:, Tokyo, the stone steps on which Sun Yat-sen sat together with Tōten during his exile are preserved along with a monument honoring Sun Yat-sen. He is remembered alongside the Yamada brothers,
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Miyazaki left the academy and moved to Tokyo in 1886. While exploring the city, he entered a church where he was deeply moved by a choir hymn. He listened to the speech of a missionary,
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In Arao, Miyazaki succeeded in converting his mother and brother, Yazō, to Christianity. He also learned from his brother Tamizō about Land Rights Equalisation and the theories of
373:
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Miyazaki was present for a ceremony marking the unification of the Elder Brothers Society, Triad and Revive China Society under Sun's leadership, a deal which precipitated the
669:, Shu Hirayama, and Nagatomo Kayano. The "Revolutionary Review" was published for 10 volumes from 25 March 1907 to 5 September 1907, with the journal supporting Sun Yet-sen's
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Miyazaki travelled to Yokohama to find that Yazō, who had inspired him to aim for a revolution in China, had passed away. While in Tokyo, he met with future Prime Minister
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of progress. While staying in Nagasaki, waiting for the boat which would take him to Hawaii, he was visited by his brother Yazō who spoke to him about Revolutionary
321:. From a young age, Tōten was told to be like Hachirō when he grew up, and he saw himself as a natural born activist for liberty. Hachirō died in combat during the
653:," published it on 20 August 1902. The popularity of an abridged translation of the autobiography in China led Sun Yat-sen to grow in popularity and support.
501:. He then got a job as an agent in Bangkok for a Hiroshima travel company. He travelled there multiple times with the plan to learn Chinese from the sizeable
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Miyazaki then enrolled in the Eigaku (英学) (English and Western Studies) department of the Tokyo Professional School (東京専門学校, Tōkyō Senmon Gakkō), now
268:
dates back to 1647, when Yajihei Masayuki Miyazaki settled as a local retainer of the shogunate. The family traced their ancestory to renowned poet
67:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Chinese revolutionary group. In 1906, he also helped establish a journal with others such as Saburo Wada, secretary of Liberal Party founder
276:. The Miyazaki family was wealthy and maintained landlord status in Arao for about 200 years by the time of Chōzō Miyazaki, Tōten's father.
1090:"A Song of Fallen Flowers : Miyazaki Tōten and the making of naniwabushi as a mode of popular dissent in transwar Japan, 1902–1909"
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Shinkichi, Eto, Marius B. Jansen, and Miyazaki Toten. "My Thirty-Three Year's Dream: The Autobiography of Miyazaki Toten." (2014). p. 8.
641:) balladeer. He performed under the stage name Tochuken Ushiemon (桃中軒牛右衛門). He apprenticed under, and wrote lyrics for, the legendary
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The Nanjing Historical Remains Museum of Chinese Modern History has bronze statues of Sun and Miyazaki placed alongside each other.
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ended ties between China and Japan. Miyazaki planned to avoid being drafted in the coming conflict with China by moving abroad.
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Miyazaki was born in 1873 as the eighth son of parents Chōzō (born Masakata) and Saki. Among his brothers were Social Activists
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645:(桃中軒雲右衛門). A plaque with the inscription "To Tochuken Ushiemon-kun, from Sun Yat-sen” hangs in the Roukyoku Centre in
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Isaac, they requested the help of Maeda Kagaku (前田下学), eldest son of politician and liberal activist Maeda Gakashi (
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and introduced him to Pan-Asianists in Japan. Together they later organised the attempted shipment of arms on the
813:. Saturday edition. 23 Oct 2010. 特別策劃 section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition 民國之父.
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Noda, Mai. Dr. Sun Yat Sen and Miyazaki Toten: From Strangers to Comrades. In Caixia, Lu and Tan Junyan.
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961:藤田美実、「<論説>文学と革命と恋愛と哲学と : 一冊の本の源流を尋ねて」『立正大学文学部論叢』 80巻 p.5-34, 1984, 立正大学文学部, ISSN 0485-215X。
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Once Upon a Revolution: Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the Miyazaki Brothers in Japan and Singapore.
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museum in Arao is dedicated to Tōten and his brothers, and their relationship with Sun.
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Miyazaki resolved to channel his disgrace from the failed coup into a career as a
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235:(1 January 1871 – 6 December 1922) was a Japanese philosopher who aided and supported
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
565:. This name would later be converted to the more popular Chinese name
538:
Tōten Miyazaki would later register Sun for his safety under the name
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Miyazaki Brothers - Arao City (www-city-arao-lg-jp.translate.goog)
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478:, who was in exile in Japan at the time following the failed
593:. Shortly after his return, he met with Filipino politician
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Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall, August 2019. p. 34-49.
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Miyazaki moved back to Hong Kong around the time of the
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In July 1895, Miyazaki made contact with adventurer
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461:In 1891, Miyazaki travelled to Shanghai on the
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82:accompanying your translation by providing an
48:Click for important translation instructions.
35:expand this article with text translated from
424:) in 1889. The school was American Methodist
8:
629:Transition to naniwa-bushi and autobiography
934:猪飼隆明監修『世界のなかの荒尾―宮崎兄弟の軌跡をたどる』荒尾市、2018年、24頁。
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852:http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030160542
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733:Birthplace of Miyazaki Brothers
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605:. Following this, he met with
92:You may also add the template
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1069:Shinkichi et al. 2014, p. 219
1051:Shinkichi et al. 2014, p. 150
1033:Shinkichi et al. 2014, p. 137
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386:minister, while Kozaki was a
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746:My Thirty-Three Years' Dream
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1103:10.1017/S0026749X23000392
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1161:Japanese revolutionaries
470:Meeting with Kim Ok-gyun
418:Cobleigh Seminary School
603:Philippine–American War
103:For more guidance, see
685:attended the lecture.
671:1911 Xinhai Revolution
583:Elder Brothers Society
94:{{Translated|ja|宮崎滔天}}
689:Later years and death
436:He finally abandoned
345:Maximilien Robspierre
270:Sugawara no Michizane
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1176:People from Kumamoto
1137:at Wikimedia Commons
1094:Modern Asian Studies
789:Names of Sun Yat-sen
579:Hundred Day's Reform
555:at the "Crane Hotel"
524:Revive China Society
825:- 荒尾市 (arao.lg.jp)
369:Charles H.D. Fisher
243:. While Sun was in
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