410:. In 1936 he traveled to Buenos Aires to represent Japan at the International PEN Club meeting there, also visiting the United States and Europe on this voyage which lasted six months. In his notes, Shimazaki commented both on the West and its feeling of supremacy over the rest of the world, and the danger which lay in his own country's aggressive nationalism: "There is nothing more dangerous than underestimating the developing power of our nation, but at the same time, there is also nothing more dangerous than overestimating that power." The following year, he turned down the invitation to join the recently reorganised
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331:(1910–1911) depicts the slow decline of two provincial families, the Koizumis and the Hashimotos, between the years 1898 and 1910. Sankichi, the youngest son of the Koizumi family, is the author's alter ego. The novel established Shimazaki's position in Japan's contemporary literary world and has been widely (though not unanimously) regarded by scholars to be his masterpiece. In August 1910, Shimazaki's first wife Fuyuko died shortly after the birth of daughter Ryūko, the fourth surviving child of seven.
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267:(lit. "Collection of young herbs", 1897) was published while he was in Sendai. Its success launched him on his future career, and he was regarded as one of the creators of the Meiji Romanticism literary movement. He published more poetry collections, but after the turn of the century he turned his talents to prose fiction. In 1899, he married merchant daughter Fuyuko Hata.
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339:("New life", 1918–1919), an account of his affair with Komako, his stay in France and his eventual return, created a major scandal. Shimazaki was disowned by his brothers Hirosuke (who had tried to keep the affair a secret) and Hideo, and confronted with severe criticism from readers and fellow writers like
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magazine. He began teaching
English at the Christian Meiji Women's School (Meiji Jogakkō) the following year, but already left after a few months, partially due to his lack of teaching experience, partially due to his affection for one of his pupils. Around this time, he had his name removed from the
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was and is read by scholars in a variety of ways: as art for art's sake, as a confession, as a way to provoke a rupture which he couldn't bring about himself, as a means to get out in the open to preempt circulating rumours. Upon reading the novel, Komako tried to get the family's agreement to marry
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In 1913, Shimazaki's niece Komako (daughter of
Shimazaki's elder brother Hirosuke, whom he had long supported) became pregnant as a result of the affair between the two. Shimazaki fled to France to avoid the confrontation with his relatives, abandoning the girl, but eventually returned to Japan in
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schoolteacher torn between the promise given to his father to keep his outcaste status a secret and his wish to confess his origin to people close to him. While
Shimazaki was writing it, his three children died of illness. The deaths have later been ascribed to possible malnutrition as a result of
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and his wife Nui. In 1881, he was sent to Tokyo by his father to acquire an education. Masaki, who showed an increasingly eccentric behaviour and suffered from hallucinations, was interned by his family in a self-built cell and died when
Shimazaki was only fourteen. Shimazaki's oldest sister Sono
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is regarded as an outstanding effort by
Shimazaki by literary scholars and has become his most popular novel. Like the Aoyama family who fell in "Before Dawn", there is a certificate for buying and selling land in Nakatsugawa City that he was in need of poverty in his later years and that he was
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led to
Shimazaki not even being informed of the death of his sister (and closest relative) Sono. He dramatised her last years, which she had spent mostly in medical institutions, in the 1921 novella
250:, whom Shimazaki regarded as his mentor, committed suicide in 1894. Shimazaki, who never completely got over this loss, edited two posthumous collections of Kitamura's works.
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Fujimura's family, a record of poverty / My father's sale of the field, found a certificate" "Yomiuri
Shimbun" evening edition, October 6, 2018 (social aspect)
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In 1928, Shimazaki married the more than twenty years younger
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the family's financial constraints at the time of the writing, for which
Shimazaki faced harsh criticism, among others from writer
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was also the first of his works to initially appear in serialised form. Like the preceding and the next novel,
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on the night of 21 to 22 August 1943 at the age of 71. His grave is at the
Buddhist temple Jifuku-ji (地福寺) in
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The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Literature. Volume 1: From Restoration to Occupation, 1868-1945
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register of the Ichibanchō church. He joined a group of writers who founded the literary magazine
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In 1935, Shimazaki became the first president of the newly established Japanese branch of
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756:. Translated by Sagawa Seigle, Cecilia. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. p. xi.
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Shimazaki, but instead the two were ultimately forbidden any further contact.
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opened in 1952 at his birthplace. Another memorial museum opened in the
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poet, but went on to establish himself as a major proponent of Japanese
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A number of Shimazaki's works have been adapted into films, including:
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The alienation between the family members following the publication of
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The Dawn That Never Comes: Shimazaki Tōson and Japanese Nationalism
861:"The Secret of Shimazaki Toson," Nishimaru Shikata, Yushindo, 1966
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Shimazaki was baptised in 1888 while studying at the Christian
425:("The gate to the east"), taking its title from a painting by
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Takase also suffered from mental disorders in her late years.
414:(Teikoku Geijutsuin) on the grounds of personal reasons.
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from the point of view of a provincial activist in the
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Oiso: Shimazaki Toson Old House (Kanagawa Prefecture)
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The A to Z of Modern Japanese Literature and Theater
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The Kiso Road: The Life and Times of Shimazaki Tōson
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was later published in book form in Shimazaki's own
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799:. Columbia University Press. p. 253.
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716:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
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185:(1929-1935), about the fall of the
171:of Japan. He began his career as a
1260:20th-century Japanese male writers
454:(若菜集, "Collection of young herbs")
159:, a Japanese writer active in the
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1181:Works by or about Tōson Shimazaki
954:"Official page of the movie "Ie""
153:, 25 March 1872 – 22 August 1943)
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541:(東方の門, "The gate to the east")
499:Sakura no mi no juku suru toki
261:. His first verse collection,
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1225:People from Nakatsugawa, Gifu
1090:(in Japanese). Chūōkōron-sha.
1230:Writers from Gifu Prefecture
1171:Literary Figures of Kamakura
984:Bourdaghs, Michael. (2003).
412:Imperial Academy of the Arts
253:In 1896, Shimazaki moved to
189:, is his most popular work.
1250:20th-century Japanese poets
1240:19th-century Japanese poets
1196:(public domain audiobooks)
1086:Shimazaki, Shizuko (1950).
1011:University of Chicago Press
507:The Life of a Certain Woman
358:The Life of a Certain Woman
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1060:Shimazaki Tōson. (1995).
1048:University of Hawaii Press
1042:Shimazaki Tōson. (1987).
1024:Shimazaki Tōson. (1976).
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1030:University of Tokyo Press
990:Columbia University Press
752:Shimazaki, Tōson (1976).
734:Miller, J. Scott (2009).
712:Naff, William E. (2011).
427:Pierre Puvis de Chavannes
283:Shimazaki's first novel,
279:Tōson Shimazaki, ca. 1900
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1190:Works by Tōson Shimazaki
928:"島崎藤村 (Shimazaki Tōson)"
902:"島崎藤村 (Shimazaki Tōson)"
837:"夜明け前 (Before the Dawn)"
811:"島崎藤村 (Shimazaki Tōson)"
259:Tohoku Gakuin University
1176:Toson Shimazaki's grave
932:Japanese Movie Database
881:"Toson Memorial Museum"
223:Meiji Gakuin University
179:. The historical novel
95:Meiji Gakuin University
1062:The Broken Commandment
626:The Broken Commandment
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564:The Broken Commandment
460:The Broken Commandment
286:The Broken Commandment
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668:, is open to public.
654:Tōson Memorial Museum
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1154:at Wikimedia Commons
155:was the pen-name of
1255:Japanese male poets
439:Kanagawa Prefecture
341:Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
76:Kanagawa Prefecture
592:Kōzaburō Yoshimura
521:(嵐, "The tempest")
512:Aru onna no shōgai
303:His second novel,
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187:Tokugawa shogunate
1150:Media related to
1124:Literature portal
1019:978-0-226-55652-9
1005:, Edwin. (1969).
771:"Shimazaki Tōson"
637:Masatoshi Akihara
577:Keisuke Kinoshita
408:International PEN
384:Meiji Restoration
231:Yoshiharu Iwamoto
203:Nagano Prefecture
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376:. He published
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182:Before the Dawn
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912:18 November
886:19 November
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821:17 November
780:17 November
618:The Outcast
588:Before Dawn
546:Adaptations
539:Tōhō no Mon
524:1929–1935:
490:1918–1919:
477:1910–1911:
423:Tōhō no mon
298:Naoya Shiga
227:Sumire-gusa
207:Nakatsugawa
199:Magome-juku
131:(1929-1935)
113:Romanticism
51:Magome-juku
1209:Categories
1026:The Family
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672:References
641:The Family
639:(based on
624:(based on
609:(based on
594:(based on
579:(based on
562:(based on
560:Yutaka Abe
480:The Family
452:Wakana-shū
396:The Family
328:The Family
264:Wakana-shū
243:Bungakukai
193:Early life
177:Naturalism
167:and early
117:Naturalism
83:Occupation
44:1872-03-25
1064:. Tokyo:
1028:. Tokyo:
1009:Chicago:
1003:McClellan
532:Yoake mae
510:(ある女の生涯,
369:scandal.
292:burakumin
1194:LibriVox
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841:Kotobank
815:Kotobank
660:site in
572:Apostasy
388:Kokugaku
374:Shojochi
173:Romantic
1183:at the
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492:Shinsei
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