404:(c. 1370) includes the basic premises, that Tubal was the first person to settle in Iberia, that the Iberians were descended from him as Jerome and Isidore had attested, and that they had originally been called
443:, written around AD 750 by Abulcasim Tarif Abentarique. It holds that Japheth's son Tubal or (Sem Tofail) divided Iberia among his 3 sons — leaving his eldest Tarraho the northeast section (called
554:
Nana
Khazaradze. "The Ethnopolitical entities of Eastern Asia Minor in the first half of the 1st millennium BC" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1978, pp. 3–139 (in Georgian, Russian and English)
238:, and says they subdued "Pahath"; elsewhere these chronicles include information derived from Jerome, identifying Tubal's descendants with Iberia and Hispania. In still another place, the
533:
Ivane
Javakhishvili. "Historical-Ethnological problems of Georgia, the Caucasus and the Near East" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1950, pp. 130–135 (in Georgian)
361:. Noah himself is said to have visited them here about 100 years later. Tubal is said to have reigned for 155 years, until he died while preparing to colonize
272:
by the Kittim. This war was ended when the Kittim showed the descendants of Tubal their mutual progeny. A shorter, more garbled version of this story from
463:) — where Abentarique claimed to have seen a large stone above the main city gate inscribed with these details, which he translated into Arabic.
551:. "Foreign scientists about the metallurgy of the ancient Georgian tribes" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1976, pp. 3–90 (in Georgian, Russian summary).
824:
Rapp, S. H. (2003) Studies in medieval
Georgian historiography : early texts and Eurasian contexts / by Stephen H. Rapp Jr. Lovanii: Peeters. p.139
539:. "About the history of ancient Georgia" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1959, pp. 9, 13, 14, 18, 72–78, 108–110, 121, 175, 226, 227, 253 (in Russian)
191:
stated another tradition that Tubal was ancestor to not only
Iberians, but also the 'Italians' and 'Spanish' . A divergent tradition recorded by
901:
1077:
808:
688:
661:
634:
607:
873:
Ivane
Javakhishvili. "Historical-Ethnological problems of Georgia, the Caucasus and the Near East" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1950, pp. 130–135
484:, an 18th century lexicographer who compiled one of the early English dictionaries, published in his study on natural philosophy the
1242:
1133:
481:
713:
1237:
489:
164:
388:
in
Portugal, or that he had 65,000 descendants when he died. The source for many of these legends seems to have been the
436:
167:. Concerning the question of the ethnic affinity of the population of Tubal, Josephus wrote: "Tobal gave rise to the
112:. Some historians further connect Tabal and Tubal with the tribe on the Black Sea coast later known to the Greeks as
894:
597:
1262:
1252:
1070:
760:
572:
322:
278:
703:
Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). Studies in
Christian Caucasian History. Georgetown University Press. p. 56.
447:, later Aragon); to his second son, Sem Tofail the younger, he left the west, along the ocean (later called
226:
384:
and many other places in Spain. Various authors state that his wife's name was Noya, that he was buried at
773:
20:
887:
172:
548:
1063:
412:
992:
910:
745:
536:
505:
330:
269:
558:
401:
192:
184:
78:
62:
415:(c. 1280), also included similar details in his history, but claiming Tubal had settled in the
1257:
1190:
965:
955:
935:
804:
798:
684:
678:
657:
630:
603:
493:
334:
74:
624:
408:
and been settled along the Ebro, before changing their name to 'Iberians' after that river.
1247:
950:
927:
833:
651:
460:
393:
385:
302:
Basque intellectuals like Andrés de Poza (16th century) have named Tubal as the ancestor of
268:
river as the frontier between the two peoples. However, they soon went to war following the
46:
914:
440:
201:
42:
30:
451:); and to his youngest, Iber, he left the eastern part, along the Mediterranean, called
171:, who are now called Iberes" - Caucasian Iberia. This version was repeated by Patriarch
864:, or, a Philological Library of Literary Arts and Sciences. The British Library; p. 288
542:
307:
1231:
1019:
940:
521:
509:
381:
90:
58:
879:
977:
432:
213:
70:
569:
The
Prophecy That Is Shaping History: New Research on Ezekiel's Vision of the End.
474:
descendants of
Japheth's son Khasheh (Meshech), others hold both the Khazars and
431:, which he said meant "tribe". In his version, they later changed their name to '
1110:
196:
1163:
1148:
1115:
945:
377:
369:
362:
129:
121:
101:
578:, Tubal and the other northern nations listed in Ezekiel 38–39 and elsewhere.
116:, although this connection is uncertain. The Tibareni and nearby tribes, the
1216:
1200:
1086:
416:
342:
176:
66:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1153:
1006:
740:
497:
475:
420:
261:
244:
206:
168:
156:
140:
133:
113:
1205:
1138:
1039:
1002:
982:
969:
815:"The Hebrew Bible also mentions both Tubal (Tabal) and Meshech (Muski)"
575:
501:
488:
that Tubal "is affirmed to be the father of the
Asiatic Iberians". The
471:
470:
by al-Zubaidi (1790) notes that although some Islamic authors make the
373:
354:
303:
253:
249:
188:
144:
109:
50:
800:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Volume 3: Southern Europe
368:
Other traditions make Tubal son of Japheth (sometimes confounded with
1209:
1195:
1158:
1143:
797:
Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger (5 November 2013). Trudy Ring (ed.).
512:, Tubal, Jabal and Jubal to be ancient Georgian tribal designations.
257:
180:
105:
97:
372:
son of Lamech, a figure from before the flood) to be the founder of
1173:
1100:
1044:
1029:
1024:
1014:
326:
315:
265:
1105:
987:
923:
346:
54:
1059:
883:
545:. "Works", vol. III, Tbilisi, 1959, pp. 2–74 (in Georgian)
396:
in 1498, now widely considered a forgery. However, the earlier
282:, known from c. 1625, which additionally names Tubal's sons as
224:, and they were given the land of "Pheed". The later mediaeval
212:
Tubal's sons are given different names in rabbinic sources. In
93:, an Anatolian state and region mentioned in Assyrian sources.
1055:
714:"Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE"
195:(3rd century) lists Tubal's descendants as the "Hettali" (or
718:
G. Lanfranchi et al. (eds.), Leggo, Fs F.M. Fales, Wiesbaden
435:'. A still earlier version is found in the history of the
306:, and by extension, the Iberians. The French Basque author
89:
Modern scholarship has identified the biblical Tubal with
61:. Traditionally, he is considered to be the father of the
314:, asserting that the common patriarch of the Basques was
242:
reproduces a more detailed legend taken from the earlier
337:
in 2157 BC, where he founded a city named after his son
496:. Some modern Georgians also claim descent from Tubal,
353:), where he built several more settlements, including
574:. A major study on the historical geography of Rosh,
478:(Slavs) to have come rather from his brother, Tubal.
128:
in Greek), were sometimes considered the founders of
623:
Jacob Milgrom; Daniel I. Block (14 September 2012).
73:
refashioned the Caucasian Iberia (Georgia) into the
1126:
1093:
1001:
964:
922:
325:, Japheth's son Tubal is said to have sailed from
248:(c. 950): Tubal's descendants, it says, camped in
455:. Tubal then built for himself a city he called
104:in the 1st millennium BC. Its neighbours, the
1071:
895:
626:Ezekiel's Hope: A Commentary on Ezekiel 38-48
599:Before Babel: A History of Basque Literatures
155:Many authors, following the Jewish historian
132:. The Greeks considered the Tibareni to be a
57:. Modern scholarship has identified him with
8:
561:Crónica Universal del Principado de Cataluña
683:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 291.
423:), and deriving the first part of the name
205:(c. 1222) states that he was progenitor of
1078:
1064:
1056:
902:
888:
880:
653:Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions
629:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 10.
349:(like Iberia, named after his second son
216:(written c. AD 70), his son's names are
588:
147:time as an area that is now in Turkey.
69:) according to primary sources. Later,
656:. Society of Biblical Lit. p. 8.
159:(1st century AD), related the name to
7:
108:, are traditionally associated with
680:The Book of Ezekiel, Chapters 25–48
357:. His third son's name is given as
329:with his family and arrived at the
34:
730:Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010
650:Annick Payne (17 September 2012).
559:Electronic edition of G. Pujades,
16:Biblical character, son of Japheth
14:
260:built "Posomanga" in neighboring
199:in some later copies), while the
677:Daniel I. Block (19 June 1998).
596:Gabilondo, Joseba (2016-04-01).
571:Fairfax, VA: Xulon Press, 2003.
398:Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña
139:Most reference books, following
1:
849:History of the Jewish Khazars
49:"), was the name of a son of
437:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
365:and was succeeded by Iber.
345:. He then proceeded to the
276:is also found in the later
230:gives these sons' names as
1279:
803:. Routledge. p. 288.
187:, and the Welsh historian
18:
860:Martin, Benjamin (1737).
761:Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
492:were ancestors of modern
411:An earlier scholar-king,
318:, a descendant of Tubal.
310:(19th century) published
252:and built a city called "
96:Tabal was a post-Hittite
862:Bibliotheca Technologica
835:A Brief History of Spain
504:; a Georgian historian,
486:Bibliotheca Technologica
120:(Khalib/Khaldi) and the
81:consolidated this idea.
240:Chronicles of Jerahmeel
227:Chronicles of Jerahmeel
179:, and others. However,
1243:Book of Genesis people
774:Stephanus of Byzantium
466:The Arabic dictionary
400:by the historian-king
21:Tubal (disambiguation)
173:Eustathius of Antioch
77:(Western Europe) and
1238:Hebrew Bible nations
1127:Historical subgroups
413:Alfonso X of Castile
143:, identify Tubal in
19:For other uses, see
911:Descendants of Noah
537:Giorgi Melikishvili
506:Ivane Javakhishvili
312:The Legend of Aitor
270:rape of the Sabines
749:. Vol. 5.5.2.
490:Caucasian Iberians
402:Pedro IV of Aragon
193:Hippolytus of Rome
185:Isidore of Seville
85:Modern scholarship
79:Isidore of Seville
65:(ancestors of the
63:Caucasian Iberians
1225:
1224:
1053:
1052:
810:978-1-134-25958-8
690:978-1-4674-2371-7
663:978-1-58983-658-7
636:978-1-61097-650-3
609:978-1-5308-6832-2
380:in Portugal, and
335:Iberian Peninsula
75:Iberian Peninsula
1270:
1263:Noach (parashah)
1253:Basque mythology
1094:Ethnic subgroups
1080:
1073:
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549:Guram Kvirkvelia
417:"Aspa" mountains
394:Annio da Viterbo
386:Cape St. Vincent
165:Caucasian Iberia
141:Flavius Josephus
47:Table of Nations
36:
1278:
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671:
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622:
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595:
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590:
585:
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518:
482:Benjamin Martin
441:Tariq ibn Ziyad
300:
202:Book of the Bee
153:
87:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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847:D. M. Dunlop,
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543:Simon Janashia
540:
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517:
514:
390:Pseudo-Berosus
323:Catalan legend
308:Augustin Chaho
299:
298:Later theories
296:
279:Book of Jasher
152:
151:Early theories
149:
86:
83:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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727:
724:
720:. 2012-01-01.
719:
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619:
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605:
602:. Barbaroak.
601:
600:
592:
589:
582:
577:
573:
570:
567:Jon Ruthven.
566:
563:
562:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
531:
527:
523:
520:
519:
515:
513:
511:
508:, considered
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
461:Mérida, Spain
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:(part of the
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:published by
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:river of the
332:
328:
324:
321:According to
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
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271:
267:
263:
259:
256:", while the
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84:
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68:
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60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
22:
1034:
869:
861:
856:
851:1954, p. 13.
848:
843:
834:
829:
820:
799:
792:
783:
782:. Vol.
780:
777:
768:
759:
755:
744:
735:
726:
717:
708:
699:
679:
672:
652:
645:
625:
618:
598:
591:
568:
564:(in Spanish)
560:
485:
480:
467:
465:
456:
452:
448:
444:
433:Celtiberians
428:
424:
410:
405:
397:
389:
367:
358:
350:
338:
320:
311:
301:
291:
287:
283:
277:
273:
243:
239:
235:
231:
225:
221:
217:
214:Pseudo-Philo
211:
200:
160:
154:
138:
125:
117:
95:
88:
71:Saint Jerome
38:
26:
25:
1111:Mingrelians
1087:Kartvelians
468:Taj al-Arus
264:, with the
218:Phanatonova
197:Thessalians
126:Mossynoikoi
1232:Categories
1164:Mossynoeci
1149:Machelones
1116:Laz people
946:Arpachshad
786:Τιβαρηνία.
583:References
528:Literature
376:in Italy,
370:Tubal-cain
363:Mauretania
359:Semptofail
207:Bithynians
130:metallurgy
122:Mossynoeci
102:Asia Minor
1217:Misimians
1201:Saspeires
1134:Colchians
494:Georgians
425:Cetubales
406:Cetubales
343:Tarragona
177:Theodoret
175:, Bishop
145:Ezekiel's
136:people.
100:state in
67:Georgians
53:, son of
45:10 (the "
1258:Iberians
1191:Iberians
1184:Zydretae
1179:Tibareni
1169:Phasians
1154:Macrones
1007:Japhetic
746:Anabasis
741:Xenophon
516:See also
498:Togarmah
476:Saqaliba
445:Tarrahon
421:Pyrenees
331:Francolí
274:Yosippon
262:Campania
245:Josippon
232:Fantonya
169:Thobeles
157:Josephus
134:Scythian
118:Chalybes
114:Tibareni
1248:Japheth
1210:Taochoi
1206:Diauehi
1139:Byzeres
1040:Meshech
1003:Japheth
983:Mizraim
970:Hamitic
928:Semitic
915:Genesis
779:Ethnica
576:Meshech
502:Meshech
472:Khazars
459:(today
449:Setúbal
378:Setúbal
374:Ravenna
355:Amposta
339:Tarraho
304:Basques
250:Tuscany
189:Nennius
110:Meshech
51:Japheth
43:Genesis
1196:Gugars
1159:Marres
1144:Drilae
993:Canaan
837:(1700)
807:
687:
660:
633:
606:
453:Iberia
382:Toledo
341:, now
284:Ariphi
258:Kittim
254:Sabino
181:Jerome
106:Mushki
98:Luwian
41:), in
31:Hebrew
1174:Sanni
1101:Svans
1045:Tiras
1035:Tubal
1030:Javan
1025:Madai
1020:Magog
1015:Gomer
941:Ashur
522:Tabal
510:Tabal
457:Morar
429:cetus
427:from
327:Jaffa
316:Aitor
292:Taari
288:Kesed
266:Tiber
236:Atipa
222:Eteva
91:Tabal
59:Tabal
39:Ṯuḇāl
35:תֻבָל
27:Tubal
1106:Zans
1005:and
988:Phut
978:Cush
968:and
956:Aram
936:Elam
926:and
924:Shem
805:ISBN
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