194:), and even tighter when luminosity is replaced by the galaxy's total stellar mass. The relation in terms of stellar mass is dubbed the "stellar mass Tully Fisher relation" (STFR), and its scatter only shows correlations with the galaxy's kinematic morphology, such that more dispersion-supported systems scatter below the relation. The tightest correlation is recovered when considering the total baryonic mass (the sum of its mass in stars and gas). This latter form of the relation is known as the
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31:
205:
The TFR can be used to estimate the distance to spiral galaxies by allowing the luminosity of a galaxy to be derived from its directly measurable line width. The distance can then be found by comparing the luminosity to the apparent brightness. Thus the TFR constitutes a rung of the
398:
Kourkchi, Ehsan; Tully, R. Brent; Eftekharzadeh, Sarah; Llop, Jordan; Courtois, Hélène M.; Guinet, Daniel; Dupuy, Alexandra; Neill, James D.; Seibert, Mark; Andrews, Michael; Chuang, Juana; Danesh, Arash; Gonzalez, Randy; Holthaus, Alexandria; Mokelke, Amber (2020-10-23).
90:. In the 1970s, Balkowski, C., et al. measured 13 galaxies but focused on using the data to distinguish galaxy shapes rather than extract distances. The relationship was first published in 1977 by astronomers
563:
S. Torres-Flores, B. Epinat, P. Amram, H. Plana, C. Mendes de
Oliveira (2011), "GHASP: an Hα kinematic survey of spiral and irregular galaxies -- IX. The NIR, stellar and baryonic Tully–Fisher relations",
74:
width. Since the observed brightness of a galaxy is distance-dependent, the relationship can be used to estimate distances to galaxies from measurements of their rotational velocity.
133:
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Several different forms of the TFR exist, depending on which precise measures of mass, luminosity or rotation velocity one takes it to relate. Tully and Fisher used
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1302:
153:
952:
359:
Balkowski, C., et al. "Neutral hydrogen study of spiral and irregular dwarf galaxies." Astronomy and
Astrophysics, Vol. 34, p. 43-52 34 (1974): 43-52.
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278:
245:
210:, where it is calibrated using more direct distance measurement techniques and used in turn to calibrate methods extending to larger distance.
685:
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1471:
668:
1373:
170:
values called CosmicFlow uses Tully-Fisher analysis; the
Cosmicflow-4 catalog has reached 10000 galaxies. Many values of the
1100:
350:
Opik, Ernst. "An estimate of the distance of the
Andromeda Nebula." Astrophysical Journal, 55, 406-410 (1922) 55 (1922).
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McGaugh, S. S.; Schombert, J. M.; Bothun, G. D.; de Blok, W. J. G (2000). "The
Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation".
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703:
221:
in which it lives, making the TFR a manifestation of the connection between visible and dark matter mass. In
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The connection between rotational velocity measured spectroscopically and distance was first used in 1922 by
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801:
772:
762:
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luminosity, but subsequent work showed the relation to be tighter when defined using microwave to infrared (
851:
750:
581:
McGaugh, S. (2012). "The
Baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation of Gas-Rich Galaxies as a Test of ΛCDM and MOND".
268:
207:
160:
55:
217:
paradigm, a galaxy's rotation velocity (and hence line width) is primarily determined by the mass of the
174:
have been derived from Tully-Fisher analysis, starting with the first paper and continuing through 2023.
1378:
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977:
460:"The Tully–Fisher relation from SDSS-MaNGA: physical causes of scatter and variation at different radii"
67:
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202:), and states that baryonic mass is proportional to velocity to the power of roughly 3.5–4.
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326:
Said, Khaled (2023-10-24). "Tully-Fisher relation". In Di
Valentino, E; Brout, D. (eds.).
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171:
369:
Tully, R. B.; Fisher, J. R. (1977). "A New Method of
Determining Distances to Galaxies".
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225:, the BTFR (with power-law index exactly 4) is a direct consequence of the
236:
The analogues of the TFR for non-rotationally-supported galaxies, such as
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401:"Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ∼10,000 Tully–Fisher Distances"
646:
98:. The luminosity is calculated by multiplying the galaxy's
141:
108:
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684:
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127:
159:, and the spectral-line width is measured using
1303:List of the most distant astronomical objects
662:
166:A series of collaborative catalogs of galaxy
8:
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655:
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516:
487:
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107:
34:The Tully–Fisher relation for spiral and
321:
319:
317:
315:
311:
7:
638:Scholarpedia article on the subject
223:Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)
25:
505:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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1432:
1431:
86:to estimate the distance to the
1477:Physical cosmological concepts
1374:Galaxy formation and evolution
1369:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
196:baryonic Tully–Fisher relation
190:) radiation (a good proxy for
58:between the mass or intrinsic
1:
68:asymptotic rotation velocity
1256:Galaxies named after people
294:Modified Newtonian dynamics
289:Standard model of cosmology
1498:
1389:Gravitational microlensing
1344:Galactic coordinate system
613:10.1088/0004-6256/143/2/40
372:Astronomy and Astrophysics
128:{\displaystyle 4\pi d^{2}}
1427:
405:The Astrophysical Journal
1354:Galactic magnetic fields
1167:Brightest cluster galaxy
1063:Luminous infrared galaxy
436:10.3847/1538-4357/abb66b
1472:Extragalactic astronomy
1349:Galactic habitable zone
1334:Extragalactic astronomy
923:Supermassive black hole
837:Active galactic nucleus
458:Ristea, Andrei (2023).
385:1977A&A....54..661T
328:Hubble Constant Tension
227:gravitational force law
54:) is a widely verified
1101:Low surface brightness
852:Central massive object
489:10.1093/mnras/stad3638
274:Faber–Jackson relation
269:Cosmic distance ladder
242:Faber–Jackson relation
208:cosmic distance ladder
161:long-slit spectroscopy
149:
129:
56:empirical relationship
39:
1379:Galaxy rotation curve
583:Astrophysical Journal
155:is its distance from
150:
130:
48:Tully–Fisher relation
33:
18:Tully Fisher relation
1414:Population III stars
1409:Intergalactic travel
1359:Galactic orientation
1226:Voids and supervoids
139:
106:
1404:Intergalactic stars
1293:Large quasar groups
1288:Groups and clusters
1152:Groups and clusters
1011:Lyman-alpha emitter
903:Interstellar medium
605:2012AJ....143...40M
527:2000ApJ...533L..99M
427:2020ApJ...902..145K
240:, are known as the
100:apparent brightness
1399:Intergalactic dust
1384:Gravitational lens
1339:Galactic astronomy
1308:Starburst galaxies
1048:blue compact dwarf
1004:Energetic galaxies
968:BL Lacertae object
145:
125:
40:
27:Trend in astronomy
1459:
1458:
1419:Galaxy X (galaxy)
1394:Illustris project
1364:Galactic quadrant
1085:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
1075:Green bean galaxy
1070:Hot dust-obscured
1021:Luminous infrared
785:Elliptical galaxy
279:Fundamental plane
246:fundamental plane
229:effective at low
168:peculiar velocity
148:{\displaystyle d}
96:J. Richard Fisher
16:(Redirected from
1489:
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1080:Hanny's Voorwerp
990:Relativistic jet
864:Dark matter halo
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518:astro-ph/0003001
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472:(3): 7438–7458.
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259:Distance modulus
219:dark matter halo
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88:Andromeda Galaxy
21:
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1482:Spiral galaxies
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913:Galaxy filament
857:Galactic Center
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264:Standard candle
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898:Galactic ridge
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893:Galactic plane
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632:External links
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379:(3): 661–673.
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1147:Galactic tide
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1106:Ultra diffuse
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65:
64:spiral galaxy
61:
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53:
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37:
32:
19:
1449:
1437:
1172:fossil group
1094:Low activity
928:Ultramassive
758:Dwarf galaxy
741:intermediate
736:grand design
586:
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231:acceleration
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192:stellar mass
181:
165:
81:
51:
47:
41:
1231:void galaxy
1194:cannibalism
1179:Interacting
1135:Interaction
1121:Blue Nugget
1111:Dark galaxy
1016:Lyman-break
908:Protogalaxy
874:Disc galaxy
640:written by
299:Freeman law
284:Dark matter
238:ellipticals
215:dark matter
1466:Categories
1271:Polar-ring
1116:Red nugget
1058:faint blue
918:Spiral arm
773:spheroidal
763:elliptical
746:Magellanic
731:flocculent
699:Lenticular
686:Morphology
479:2311.13251
418:2009.00733
411:(2): 145.
337:2310.16053
306:References
84:Ernst Öpik
60:luminosity
36:lenticular
1206:Satellite
1201:Jellyfish
1189:collision
1126:Dead disk
1043:Starburst
958:Markarian
830:Structure
797:Irregular
768:irregular
596:1107.2934
589:(2): 40.
570:1106.0505
445:1538-4357
113:π
44:astronomy
1438:Category
1327:See also
1251:Galaxies
978:X-shaped
809:Peculiar
751:unbarred
709:unbarred
678:Galaxies
621:38472632
543:10770699
252:See also
244:and the
178:Subtypes
135:, where
66:and its
38:galaxies
1298:Quasars
1266:Nearest
1261:Largest
1162:cluster
995:Seyfert
601:Bibcode
523:Bibcode
423:Bibcode
381:Bibcode
213:In the
184:optical
78:History
1450:Portal
1281:Spiral
1184:merger
963:Quasar
948:Blazar
886:corona
802:barred
778:spiral
726:barred
721:anemic
716:Spiral
704:barred
619:
551:103865
549:
541:
443:
188:K band
46:, the
1318:Voids
1243:Lists
1221:Walls
1157:group
1142:Field
1036:ELIRG
1031:HLIRG
1026:ULIRG
983:DRAGN
973:Radio
953:LINER
847:Bulge
819:Polar
617:S2CID
591:arXiv
566:arXiv
547:S2CID
513:arXiv
474:arXiv
465:MNRAS
413:arXiv
332:arXiv
157:Earth
62:of a
1276:Ring
881:Halo
869:Disc
814:Ring
694:Disc
539:PMID
441:ISSN
200:BTFR
94:and
1053:pea
842:Bar
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