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The tomb of
Petosiris was one of the earliest full tombs in the necropolis, and the most elaborate. It was constructed of large stone blocks and had high quality reliefs as well as underground galleries. Chemical analysis suggests that the reliefs used red, yellow, black, blue and green pigments,
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While most people buried in Tuna el-Gebel during the Roman Period were of
Egyptian origin, the main burial style was Greek, and got increasingly Greek over time. Early burials had mummies hidden in underground galleries, and later mummies were on the floor, until finally mummies were put on full
271:
While the early tombs were expensive and showed off wealth, later tombs were more economical. The Roman period came with tombs of cheaper material and multiple stories for fitting multiple people. Some stone tombs were even used as mass graves. Recycling stone tombs was also a trend, usually by
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The
Ptolemaic Period saw a rise in use of the necropolis. In at least the late fourth century BC, two brothers and priests of Thoth, Petosiris and Djed-Thoth-iu-ef-ankh built the first large tombs. Petosiris built his tomb 200 meters south of the animal necropolis near a temple of Thoth.
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sometimes combined to create new colors. During the third and second centuries BC, Petosiris's tomb became a site of pilgrimage, and many travelers left inscriptions in Greek. However, by the late
Ptolemaic period, Petosiris's tomb was being recycled to house other people's mummies.
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In addition to more traditional tombs, some tombs consist of either stone or mud brick pillars. They are too narrow to allow a body to be put inside. Many have areas or niches for urns, though some may have their respective bodies buried underneath them.
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Early
Ptolemaic tombs were built of large stones with reliefs and smooth surfaces, later stone tombs have smaller stones and intentionally rough surfaces. Though stone tombs would continue to be built throughout the Roman Period, tombs made of
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would also be introduced. While some early tombs are in a T shape, most are rectangular. The stone tombs were generally nicer than mud brick ones, and indicative of a wealthier person’s burial.
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representing Thoth, as well as all kinds of bird mummies. These were most likely a result of nearby animal preserves or breeding areas, as well as local Thoth worship.
346:. Twelve of the graves in four burial chambers 9 m (30 ft) deep, belonged to children. One of the remains was the partly uncovered skull enclosed in linen.
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322:. A cult was established around her tomb. Isadora's mummified remains are still present, encased in glass, in her mausoleum – a prominent building at Tuna el-Gebel.
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314:(current Sheikh ‘Ibada), a love her father disapproved of, and so the two decided to elope. Unfortunately, Isadora drowned while crossing the Nile. Her body was
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placing mummies inside an already existing tombs or constructing second stories on top of tombs. The famous tomb of
Petosiris had several secondary burials.
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Paul
Graindor, "Inscriptions de la nécropole de Touna el-Ghebel (Hermoupolis) ," Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale 32 (1932), p. 101
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Egypt’s
Minister of Tourism and Antiquities announced the discovery of the collective graves of senior officials and high clergies of the god Djehuty (
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Hathor capitals with a demotic script, sculptor models, Ptolemaic period, 323–230 BCE, from Egypt, probably from Tuna el-Gebel. Neues Museum, Berlin
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318:, and her father, overtaken by grief, built an elaborate tomb in her honor; featuring a poem of ten lines inscribed in Greek
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Although most tombs and activities are from the
Ptolemaic to Roman periods, there is at least one temple dating back to
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reported that twenty sarcophagi and coffins of various shapes and sizes, including five anthropoid sarcophagi made of
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596:"New Approach of Characterization and State of Painted Reliefs in Petosiris Tomb, Tuna El-Gebel, Egypt"
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texts, as well as sixteen tombs and five well-preserved wooden coffins were unearthed by their team.
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676:"In photos: Communal tombs for high priests uncovered Upper Egypt – Ancient Egypt – Heritage"
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244:. The most common burials took place in underground galleries and were of mummies of
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396:"أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية - كتاب لغتنا القبطية المصرية | St-Takla.org"
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display. However even as time went on, mummification was extremely popular.
233:, and other local gods. There are also a small number of New Kingdom tombs.
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700:"Tombs of High Priests Discovered in Upper Egypt - Archaeology Magazine"
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were discovered by
Egyptian archaeologists in the Tuna El-Gebel site in
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In February 2019, fifty mummy collections wrapped in linen, stone
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Isadora was a wealthy and beautiful young woman living in
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Tradition and Transformation. Egypt Under Roman Rule
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418:"11. The Petosiris-Necropolis Of Tuna El-Gebel"
600:International Journal of Conservation Science
479:"Hermopolis Magna, Tuna el-Gebel (Pharaonic)"
310:. She fell in love with a young soldier from
8:
485:, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
236:The necropolis in Tuna el-Gebel during the
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627:"Egypt mummies: New tombs found in Minya"
652:"Tomb with fifty mummies found in Egypt"
229:. It may be dedicated to Amenhotep III,
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302:during the time when the Roman emperor
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757:Populated places in Minya Governorate
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483:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
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430:10.1163/ej.9789004183353.i-508.54
16:Place in Minya Governorate, Egypt
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491:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah15404
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42:
35:
742:2019 archaeological discoveries
375:List of ancient Egyptian sites
201:. Tuna el-Gebel is located in
197:, and seeing heavy use in the
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477:Ikram, Salima (2012-10-26),
377:, including sites of temples
181:). It is the largest known
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594:Abdelaal, Shaaban (2018).
294:Tomb and chapel of Isadora
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416:Lembke, K. (2010-01-01).
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306:(AD 138–161) ruled over
752:Tombs of ancient Egypt
217:
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86:27.73833°N 30.70444°E
729:at Wikimedia Commons
203:Al Minya Governorate
704:www.archaeology.org
584:Lembke, pp. 247–250
575:Lembke, pp. 241–242
557:Lembke, pp. 248–249
530:Lembke, pp. 236–239
454:"El Minya in Egypt"
82: /
338:dated back to the
326:Recent discoveries
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189:, dating from the
91:27.73833; 30.70444
772:Animal cemeteries
725:Media related to
458:www.touregypt.net
340:Ptolemaic Kingdom
285:Tomb of Petosiris
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126:Minya Governorate
58:Location in Egypt
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280:Noteworthy Tombs
199:Ptolemaic Period
179:Hermopolis Magna
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67:Coordinates:
50:Tuna el-Gebel
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707:. Retrieved
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656:akipress.com
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633:. 2019-02-02
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312:Antinoöpolis
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207:Middle Egypt
195:Roman Period
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747:Necropoleis
424:: 231–254.
238:Late Period
191:New Kingdom
183:Greco-Roman
121:Governorate
89: /
736:Categories
709:2020-06-28
685:2020-06-28
661:2020-09-11
637:2020-09-11
506:2022-05-19
463:2022-05-19
382:References
336:sarcophagi
334:or wooden
300:Hermopolis
171:necropolis
169:) was the
159:تونة الجبل
77:30°42′16″E
74:27°44′18″N
52:تونة الجبل
25:تونة الجبل
359:limestone
316:mummified
262:mud brick
133:Time zone
631:BBC News
369:See also
332:coffins
308:Ægyptus
250:baboons
221:History
193:to the
102:Country
497:
436:
246:ibises
163:Coptic
155:Arabic
111:
762:Thoth
351:Thoth
344:Minya
231:Thoth
187:Egypt
175:Khmun
138:UTC+2
114:Egypt
495:ISBN
434:ISBN
248:and
167:ⲑⲱⲛⲓ
487:doi
426:doi
205:in
173:of
142:EST
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177:(
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140:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
