361:, not Modanville. Their original campsite was now the location of a sawmill. His grandfather, John Bob Roberts, was chief of the local Bundjalung tribe, and his father, Lyle Roberts, had never lived in Modanville. He also wrote that the recent grant of an additional three acres was not given by the Welfare Board, but through the residents appealing to the Minister for Lands, and mentions a railway siding at the reserve.
124:), and it was surrounded by other stations. There was a boundary dispute in 1847 with neighbour Alfred Ward Stephens, who lived on a property called Runnymede, with both men claiming "a large, fertile plain" between the two. Shaw left, and Leycester eventually sold the property to Henry Garrard in 1849. Leycester remained as manager of Tunstall until 1850, before heading to
342:", sometimes three families under one roof, on the 18-acre (7.3 ha) reserve. They were forced to get their drinking water from a stream polluted by cattle, and there were fears that disease could break out. Men were working on nearby farms, of which many were owned by Italian immigrants, for a wage of 18
253:
After white townspeople objected to their presence in the town, in 1931 the government moved the
Aboriginal people from the camps in North Lismore to a new reserve at Tuncester, around 7 km (4.3 mi) away. The new residents renamed the reserve "Cubawee", meaning "place of full and plenty"
65:
area before
European settlers arrived in the 1840s. It was named Tunstall after Tunstall Station, a pastoral lease taken up by amateur naturalist Augustus Adolphus Leycester and his business partner Robert Shaw in 1843, where they grazed cattle. In 1907 Tunstall was officially renamed Tuncester, a
174:
The name change to
Tuncester was announced by the deputy postmaster-general on 4 February 1907, with the railway station and the post office taking on the new names soon afterwards. The Winsome Hotel is mentioned as being in existence at this time, with talk of a blacksmith and a store. It was
364:
Two families were prominent at
Cubawee: the Torrens and Roberts families. The residents at Cubawee were eventually forced from their homes owing to flooding of the area in 1964, but the people later continued to try to get their land back. People later recalled having had happy times living in
968:
322:, wanted to close down the reserve owing to "rampant vice". He said that a new Aborigines Protection Board would soon be reconstituted under special legislation to be introduced into parliament, as there was no manager in charge of the reserve. In November 1939, the
185:
regretted that it could not be called
Leycester was not available, as it would have perpetuated the name of A. A. Leycester, a "fine type of colonist". The newspaper said that it would otherwise have preferred to adopt the Aboriginal name of a nearby location.
189:
The
Tuncester Progress Association (formerly Tunstall Progress Association) was in existence by 1907, and celebrated the third anniversary of the Tuncester Methodist Church. In 1909 the mail service referred to the location as "Tuncester (Tunstall)".
277:. The residents experienced a lot of racism from the townspeople, including having to stand up on the school bus. Aboriginal people who did not want to be governed by white managers on stations and reserves found their way to Cubawee, and Pastor
431:
Also a keen amateur naturalist, botanist, taxidermist, entomologist, and carpenter, and a friend to
Aboriginal people. He died in England in 1892. [May be worthy of an article owing to the story about the lyrebird. There is also a book called
741:
161:. One of the brothers was John Campbell. His son Malcolm Lamont Campbell was born in 1875, and had to walk through scrub to get to school. Malcolm later bought another property in the location known as Tunstall, and died in 1936.
1371:
Their number was increased by a number of aborigines from
Tuncester. Frank Roberts, Harry Combo and Bob Bolt on behalf of the people expressed their regret and outlined the benefits they had gained by assistance on their
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237:
Line, which opened in 1894 and was last used in 2004. Tuncester station opened on 19 October 1903 as
Tunstall, and was renamed a few years later on 1 April 1907 as Tuncester. It was closed on 31 March 1976.
1269:
245:, many roads around Lismore have been rebuilt or improved. The Walsh Bridge on Rosehill Road at Tuncester, formerly a wooden bridge, has been rebuilt in concrete, to better withstand flooding.
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193:
Tunstall Public School was renamed
Tuncester School. In 1907 it catered for 36 students, but there were many complaints that it was too hot for the children owing to poor ventilation.
332:
In June 1950, Lismore police and public health officials, who supported Pastor Roberts, criticised the Aboriginal Protection Board for allowing the reserve to fall into neglect.
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83:
European settlement reached the Richmond River area in the 1840s, and from the 1860s, they cleared and fenced lands surrounding the town that the settlers created, and
164:
Another of the founding settler families in the location were the Bibo family. In 1873, Anton and Rosina Bibo and their three children arrived in Australia on the
128:. He returned to New South Wales at some point, and in April 1859, with the help of Aboriginal man Davy, claimed to have retrieved the first egg of a rare type of
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357:
to protest a planned proposal of Cubawee residents to Modanville. In his letter, he stated that the current residents were former residents of North Lismore and
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In 1940 Pastor Roberts and his eldest son organised a Christian convention at Cubawee, in which hundreds of people participated. This became an annual event.
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372:
Frank Roberts Snr went on to serve on the Anglican Board of Missions from 1968 until 1974, and advocated for the rights of Aboriginal people at a meeting in
350:). Roberts criticised the board for giving the people on the reserve the minimum assistance, and not providing sufficiently for the education of children.
288:
Cubawee School was in existence in 1932. The first wedding took place in the new church at Cubawee in July 1935, when Grace Roberts married Clem Ritchie.
138:. He had previously (in 1844) shot one of the birds, but did not realise that it was a new species at that point. He also wrote a detailed description of
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A railway line once passed through Tuncester, but it fell into disuse. The station was situated between Leycester and Lismore, on the
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as covering an area of around 19,200 acres (7,800 ha), capable of grazing 1200 cattle. Its northern boundary was Duck Creek (now
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had said that the name was derived by combining Tunstall and Leycester, both of which were already in use in the Commonwealth.
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Tuncester Reserve, or Cubawee, was a self-managed Aboriginal settlement from 1932 until 1965, situated in the land of the
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969:"Some history from Lismore of the Tooth's Brewery located at Tuncester and the place I did my electrical apprenticeship"
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before Leycester, so he was given no credit for the discovery. Leycester married widow Jemima Sophia Pritchard in
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The accounts of 12 Aboriginal Women from Cabbage Tree Island and Ballina, some of whom went to school at Cubawee.
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run by white people in the 1920s, many residents began returning to the town camps, and Dunoon closed in 1929.
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39:
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and its habits, which was later reproduced by an English scientist in a book of birds. However, ornithologist
570:"Prince Albert had nothing to do with the lyrebird bearing his name. Should our birds be named after people?"
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404:
Tuncester is about 5 km (3.1 mi) from the edge of the town of Lismore, separated from it by large
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brewery was built in Tuncester around 1979. It closed around 1987 and was later converted into a factory.
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In 1886 the Campbell brothers were running around 2000 head on Tunstall Station, with the homestead on
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announced that it would not be building more homes at Tuncester Reserve owing to shortage of funds.
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1415:"Rhoda Roberts: 'Dad believed if you changed one person's mind it would have a ricochet effect'"
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In 1973, the "Tuncester School for Specific Purposes" was established in 1973 for children with
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666:. Vol. XII, no. 583. New South Wales, Australia. 2 September 1871. p. 861
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reported that the approximately 120 inhabitants of the reserve lived in 13 broken down "
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to Cubawee. Frank Snr's son, Frank Roberts Jnr, was also a pastor, and his daughter is
296:
200:
created Aboriginal reserves and in 1908, and some of the people in camps were moved to
134:
95:
91:
62:
208:, where they were able to live independently. After the reserve was converted into an
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315:
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223:
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549:. Vol. 67, no. 21, 034. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. p. 4
258:. The land comprised around 5–6 acres (2.0–2.4 ha) of land with river access (
171:, and settled in Tunstall (Tuncester), where they planted vineyards and made wine.
1450:. Vol. III, no. 304. New South Wales, Australia. 11 March 1939. p. 6
1419:
38:, Australia. It lies around 5–7 km (3.1–4.3 mi) outside the main town of
1387:"Rhoda Roberts tells the story of her cousin Frank, the first Aboriginal Olympian"
694:. Vol. XL, no. 1347. New South Wales, Australia. 1 May 1886. p. 895
435:
Pillars of earth : the story of Henry and Mary Garrard and Augustus Leycester
263:
433:
346:
a day, when the basic wage was at that time ₤1/7/6 (one pound, 7 shillings and
1585:"National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974: "Cubawee" Aboriginal Place designation"
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In 2010, the land was returned to the Ngulingah Aboriginal Land Council (a
266:, granted by the Pastures Protection Board under an arrangement with the
129:
1478:. Vol. 63. New South Wales, Australia. 16 November 1939. p. 12
837:. Vol. 32. New South Wales, Australia. 24 September 1907. p. 2
1305:. Vol. 57. New South Wales, Australia. 20 December 1932. p. 8
921:. Vol. 32. New South Wales, Australia. 12 December 1907. p. 2
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1361:. Vol. 61. New South Wales, Australia. 21 August 1936. p. 15
781:. Vol. 32. New South Wales, Australia. 6 February 1907. p. 5
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722:. Vol. 60. New South Wales, Australia. 11 March 1936. p. 6
515:. Vol. 45, no. 3411. New South Wales, Australia. p. 4
1333:. Vol. 59. New South Wales, Australia. 8 July 1935. p. 13
1212:. Vol. 56. New South Wales, Australia. 14 July 1931. p. 6
809:. Vol. 32. New South Wales, Australia. 2 March 1907. p. 6
1152:. Vol. 36. New South Wales, Australia. 5 July 1912. p. 3
1076:"What is the latest news on the Lismore roads post-flood rebuild?"
893:. Vol. 32. New South Wales, Australia. 9 July 1907. p. 2
447:
The word was transcribed in a 1912 newspaper article as "Cobiwoy".
1391:
90:
In 1843 Augustus Adolphus Leycester and Robert Shaw took up the
865:. No. 19. Australia, Australia. 27 March 1909. p. 897
87:
in the area were forced to live in camps on the edge of town.
1672:
Transcripts of various official proceedings concerning Cubawee
1646:
Aboriginal Women's Heritage: Ballina & Cabbage Tree Island
1498:"primitive conditions caused by neglect at Tuncester Reserve"
742:"Founding Tuncester family to remember ancestors at reunion"
1024:
Friends of the Northern Rivers Rail Trail (10 April 2020).
365:
Cubawee, despite the very basic conditions and houses with
98:. They had previously held a run called Maidenhead on the
1534:. New South Wales, Australia. 2 September 1955. p. 9
438:(1985), by Margaret E. Timbrell and Margaret C. McKenna.
1162:
Tunstall Station, or as the blacks called "Cobiwoy"...
1506:. New South Wales, Australia. 13 June 1950. p. 7
94:
over land which they called Tunstall, and created a
628:"Adventures of an early naturalist on the Richmond"
106:, and herded their cattle overland to Tunstall via
596:
594:
592:
415:, Tuncester, and several surrounding localities.
1131:, Volume 16, (Melbourne University Press), 2002.
57:Tuncester lies on the traditional lands of the
1263:
1261:
691:The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser
663:The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser
42:. It is known for its historical self-managed
1325:"Aborigines married in new church at reserve"
8:
1654:Department of Environment and Climate Change
993:
991:
989:
534:
532:
530:
500:
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281:later recruited some of these people to the
270:. The official name was Tuncester Reserve.
1369:– via National Library of Australia.
1160:– via National Library of Australia.
767:
765:
1542:– via National Library of Australia.
1514:– via National Library of Australia.
1486:– via National Library of Australia.
1458:– via National Library of Australia.
1341:– via National Library of Australia.
1313:– via National Library of Australia.
1220:– via National Library of Australia.
1127:This article was published in hardcopy in
929:– via National Library of Australia.
901:– via National Library of Australia.
873:– via National Library of Australia.
845:– via National Library of Australia.
817:– via National Library of Australia.
789:– via National Library of Australia.
730:– via National Library of Australia.
702:– via National Library of Australia.
674:– via National Library of Australia.
557:– via National Library of Australia.
523:– via National Library of Australia.
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
386:On 7 May 2010, Cubawee was pronounced an
1554:"Pastor Frank Roberts, Sydney Town Hall"
1246:. Uniting Church, Synod of NSW & ACT
1240:"Walking in unity on Bundjalung Country"
941:"Tuncester School for Specific Purposes"
541:"Ruined grazier became a top naturalist"
16:Locality in New South Wales near Lismore
1172:
1170:
468:
466:
464:
460:
424:
66:combination of Tunstall and Leycester.
54:for most of its existence (1932–1965).
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
857:"New South Wales: Conveyance of mails"
291:From 1937 (or earlier? it was run by
154:in 1871, and died in England in 1892.
1026:"TUNCESTER RAILWAY STATION. NSW 1973"
146:somehow managed to get a specimen to
7:
539:Willson, Robert (14 November 1992).
393:National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
114:. The property was described in the
1442:""Outcast" Aborigines appal Gollan"
411:Lismore South Public School serves
314:In March 1939 it was reported that
1129:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1115:Australian Dictionary of Biography
320:Chief Secretary of New South Wales
283:Aborigines Progressive Association
117:New South Wales Government Gazette
14:
862:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
645:, Saturday, July 10, 1880 (P. 56)
1562:State Library of New South Wales
1385:Maxwell, Rudi (22 August 2024).
1108:Radi, Heather (1 January 2002).
262:), carved out from land used by
1413:Chenery, Susan (26 July 2024).
1268:Sproule, Amanda (7 July 2010).
295:(1899–1968), who had become an
967:Bensley, Geoff (30 May 2019).
505:Dawson, R. L. (3 April 1947).
1:
1616:"Lismore South Public School"
1238:Sampson, Lisa (8 June 2017).
568:Cehak, Felix (4 March 2024).
254:(or "plentiful food") in the
198:Government of New South Wales
1447:The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)
1275:The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)
1270:"Cubawee returned to people"
1144:"Early days on the Richmond"
747:The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)
507:"Early days on the Richmond"
324:Aborigines Protection Board
268:Aborigines Protection Board
50:, which was led by Pastor
1709:
1526:"Cubawee Reserve defended"
353:In 1955, Roberts wrote to
1177:T, Andy (17 March 2015).
686:"Farming on the Richmond"
478:Home Lismore City Council
474:"Lismore's First Peoples"
301:United Aborigines Mission
235:Murwillumbah railway line
219:. It was closed in 1979.
202:Dunoon Aboriginal Reserve
34:local government area in
70:runs through Tuncester.
1297:"Social news and notes"
946:Research Data Australia
400:Location and facilities
175:reported that the Hon.
1593:NSW Government Gazette
297:evangelical Christian
1656:NSW. December 2007.
714:"Mr. M. L. Campbell"
606:Lismore City Council
210:agricultural station
177:Thomas Thomson Ewing
61:, who inhabited the
22:, formerly known as
1470:"Tuncester Reserve"
829:"Tuncester, Friday"
512:The Kyogle Examiner
305:Cabbage Tree Island
303:before moving from
256:Bundjalung language
1353:"Work appreciated"
1204:"Aborigines' camp"
1183:The Andy T Channel
999:"5ks from Lismore"
913:"Tuncester School"
546:The Canberra Times
241:After devastating
44:Aboriginal reserve
1663:978 1 74122 593 8
1531:The Northern Star
1503:The Northern Star
1475:The Northern Star
1358:The Northern Star
1330:The Northern Star
1302:The Northern Star
1244:Insights Magazine
1209:The Northern Star
1149:The Northern Star
1082:. 23 October 2023
1003:James O'Brien
918:The Northern Star
890:The Northern Star
834:The Northern Star
806:The Northern Star
778:The Northern Star
719:The Northern Star
626:Leycester, A. A.
355:The Northern Star
335:The Northern Star
275:Bundjalung people
182:The Northern Star
85:Aboriginal people
59:Bundjalung people
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1005:. 21 August 2021
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388:Aboriginal Place
264:travelling stock
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1693:Northern Rivers
1688:City of Lismore
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1638:Further reading
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1565:. 28 April 1970
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260:Leycester Creek
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159:Leycester Creek
122:Leycester Creek
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68:Leycester Creek
36:New South Wales
32:City of Lismore
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135:Menura alberti
96:cattle station
92:pastoral lease
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