57:. Manin continued to rule as a vassal of the Almoravids and paid tribute to them. The Almoravids were expelled in 1087, but the empire had been severely weakened and many former territories had become independent. Islam which had become the dominant faith of its upper class, was being imposed on all subjects, and many animists migrated away from the empire.
64:. He is said to have surrounded himself with an air of divinity and magic, which he used to motivate his people to protect him well. Manin was known to flaunt and display his wealth by dressing himself out in gold, ivory, and other precious materials.
53:
had been angered by Bassi's refusal to convert and had started invading the empire. In 1076, the
Almoravids succeeded in sacking the empire's capital of
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Manin was renowned for his involvement with the local communities, and also for his economic policies that increased trade, especially that of
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Manin had succeeded Bassi in 1062 and like him had maintained his traditional religion rather than converting to Islam. The
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West
African Kingdoms 500-1590: Social Class and Economy History: Tunka Manin | World Eras
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Balancing
Written History with Oral Traditions: The Legacy of the Songhoy People
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who described him as a "lover of justice and favorable to
Muslims".
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34:, Manin was the last ruler of the Ghana Empire before the
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African Glory: The Story of
Vanished Negro Civilizations
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92:(2nd. ed.). New York: Columbia University Press
86:"The early states of the Western Sudan to 1500"
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16:Ruler of the Ghana Empire from 1062 to 1076
135:byAbiola Irele, Biodun Jeyifo, page 407
116:De Graft-Johnson, John Coleman (1986).
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26:who reigned from 1062 to at least 1076
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38:. Accounts of Tunka Manin come from
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147:by Hassimi Oumarou Maiga, page 25
22:(1010–1078) was a ruler of the
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88:. In Ajayi, A.J. (ed.).
122:. Black Classic Press.
90:History of West Africa
36:Almoravid conquest
82:Levtzion, Nehemia
51:Abu Bakr ibn Umar
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30:Preceded by
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180:1078 deaths
175:1010 births
55:Kumbi Saleh
32:Ghana Bassi
20:Tunka Manin
169:Categories
68:References
47:Almoravids
84:(1976).
40:Al-Bakri
49:under
98:2023
62:salt
28:C.E.
171::
106:^
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