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274:; it became the second dam to use grouting for control of leakage. At the Cowm embankment, which was in construction from 1868 and opened in 1877, he injected grout under the cutoff of the embankment. The remedial treatment by grouting was successful until 1886, when leaks reappeared. Further treatment cured them. A tradition
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was created for the
Weardale and Shildon District Waterworks Company, with construction of the dam between 1873 and 1879. The earth embankment dam was built across the valley of Waskerley Beck, and measures 1,020 feet (310 m) long and 82 feet (25 m) high. It was constructed with a
263:, initially extended the cut-off with brickwork and concrete, but the leakage continued. Faced with few methods to treat such an unsafe condition, Hawksley then adopted the novel technique of pouring or pumping cement grout into holes bored in rock below the trench alignment.
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As a result of amalgamations, Tunstall reservoir passed to the
Weardale and Consett Water Company in 1902 and to the Durham County Water Board in 1920. Following nationalisation and subsequent privatisation, it is now owned and operated by
234:, to reduce leakage within the rock foundation under an earth dam. Pressure grouting has since become normal practice for construction and remediation at dams and related water resource projects.
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core, which extended upward from the cut-off trench excavated into the rock foundation on the hillsides. A seven-foot diameter draw-off tunnel in one abutment controls reservoir elevation.
326:, occurs; to protect this, Northumbrian Water has designated the marsh as a private nature reserve. The rest of the reservoir is used by Tunstall fishery for both Boat and Bank Fishing.
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In 1876, with the reservoir partially filled, water was found percolating through fissures in rock to downstream of the cut-off trench. The supervising engineer,
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Until 2004, the reservoir supplied a water treatment works located immediately below the dam wall, but, with the opening of a new treatment works adjacent to
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In 1877 and 1878, on another dam for which
Hawksley was responsible, the same process was used to reduce underseepage from the
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Tunstall
Reservoir, showing the dam and, on the left, the now-disused water treatment works
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View looking south down
Tunstall Reservoir at sunset with Backstone Bank wood on the left.
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Construction and Design of Cement
Grouting; A Guide to Grouting in Rock Foundations
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completed in 1879, and now used solely to maintain minimum regulatory flows on the
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that
Hawksley said "he wished he had never seen Rochdale."
376:. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from
415:(2nd ed.). London: Thomas Telford Publishing.
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198:in northeast England. It is situated in the north
531:"Final Water Resources Management Plan 2010-2035"
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519:Abandoned Communities ..... Rochdale Reservoirs
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413:Civil engineering heritage: Northern England
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533:. Northumbrian Water Ltd. Archived from
442:Tunstall Reservoir (pdf downloadable at
508:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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230:was first utilized in 1876 by engineer
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16:A reservoir in County Durham, England
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564:Drinking water reservoirs in England
374:Global Environment Monitoring System
318:Site of Special Scientific Interest
315:Backstone Bank and Baal Hill Woods
139:23.6 km (9.1 sq mi)
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411:Rennison, Robert William (1996).
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282:Changes in ownership and usage
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177:220 m (720 ft) asl
569:Reservoirs in County Durham
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313:The reservoir borders the
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169:22.6 m (74 ft)
161:16.9 m (55 ft)
482:John Wiley & Sons
367:"Tunstall Reservoir"
106:54.76222°N 1.90083°W
102: /
476:A. Clive Houlsby,
449:Northumbrian Water
296:Burnhope Reservoir
289:Northumbrian Water
184:Tunstall Reservoir
148:Northumbrian Water
111:54.76222; -1.90083
60:Tunstall Reservoir
24:Tunstall Reservoir
323:Juncus filiformis
308:Chester-le-Street
224:pressure grouting
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174:Surface elevation
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537:on 19 April 2011
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504:Hawksley, Thomas
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238:Dam construction
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261:Thomas Hawksley
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232:Thomas Hawksley
144:Managing agency
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268:Cowm Reservoir
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255:Early grouting
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220:embankment dam
218:. The earthen
204:United Kingdom
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216:County Durham
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158:Average depth
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539:. Retrieved
535:the original
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452:. Retrieved
445:"Our region"
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385:. Retrieved
378:the original
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226:with cement
188:water supply
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454:11 February
387:11 February
249:puddle clay
109: /
84:Coordinates
574:Wolsingham
558:Categories
541:3 February
348:References
304:River Wear
208:Wolsingham
196:River Wear
166:Max. depth
94:54°45′44″N
244:reservoir
192:reservoir
128:reservoir
97:1°54′03″W
78:, England
484:, 1990,
480:, p.273
300:Wearhead
272:Rochdale
212:Weardale
200:Pennines
190:storage
72:Location
202:of the
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186:was a
381:(PDF)
370:(PDF)
276:avers
228:grout
210:, in
543:2011
486:ISBN
456:2011
429:p.81
417:ISBN
389:2011
242:The
123:Type
298:at
270:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
