370:
42:
628:(2), the family name Lymantriidae has been adopted. Because of the overwhelming worldwide use of the name Lymantriidae an application has been submitted by D. S. Fletcher, I. W. B. Nye and D. C. Ferguson to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature requesting them to rule that the family-group name Lymantriidae Hampson, is to be given nomenclatural precedence over the family-group names Orgyiidae Wallengren, 1861, and Dasychiridae Packard, 1864, when applied to the same taxon.
65:
449:
282:
616:
Of the family-group names listed in the last paragraph
Liparidae was the most widely used during the nineteenth century; Orgyiidae and Dasychiridae had minor usage, but neither name became widely adopted. During the present century, Orgyiidae has been used occasionally in contrast with Lymantriidae,
479:
This description clarifies the standing of the former name "Lymantriidae" relative to other proposed names, e.g. Liparidae and other currently unacceptable alternatives. It authoritatively explains the status of the family name
Lymantriidae and its various alternatives as matters stood towards the
300:
Adult moths of this subfamily do not feed. They usually have muted colours (browns and greys), although some are white, and tend to be very hairy. Some females are flightless, and some have reduced wings. Usually, the females have a large tuft at the end of the abdomen. The males, at least, have
330:
as they are laid. In other species, the eggs are covered by a froth that soon hardens or are camouflaged by material the female collects and sticks to them. In the larvae of some species, hairs are gathered in dense tufts along the back and this gives them the common name of
221:
Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The caterpillar, or larval, stage of these species often has a distinctive appearance of alternating bristles and haired projections. Many tussock moth caterpillars have
852:
Zahiri R, Kitching IJ, Lafontaine JD, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Holloway JD, Wahlberg N (in press) A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family-level classification of the
Noctuoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and
636:" is firmly established as the name of a family of fish, and according to the conventions of zoological taxonomy, family names have to be unique, even though they are permitted to coincide with botanical names.
1044:
617:
which has been used many hundreds of times throughout the world. In North
America, the use of Liparidae has continued until, in the most recent revision of the family by Ferguson, 1978,
312:
are also hairy, often with hairs packed in tufts, and in many species the hairs break off very easily and are extremely irritating to the skin (especially members of the genus
1243:
843:(2015) Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions. Cladistics 31(6):579-592 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12108
366:. They tend to have broader host plant ranges than most Lepidoptera. Most feed on trees and shrubs, but some are known from vines, herbs, grasses, and lichens.
935:
464:. The studies found that the family Lymantriidae form a specialized lineage within the Erebidae and is part of a clade that includes the litter moths (
1217:
1317:
305:. They are mostly nocturnal, but Schaefer lists 20 confirmed diurnal species and 20 more likely diurnal species (based on reduced eye size).
369:
526:
Scopoli, 1777. Neither of these family-group names may be used as a valid name, the type-genus in each case being a junior homonym.
1039:
994:
1222:
1230:
429:
64:
1116:
1183:
690:
1248:
226:(often hidden among longer, softer hairs), which can cause painful reactions if they come into contact with skin.
1312:
1196:
780:
726:
437:
318:). This highly effective defence serves the moth throughout its life cycle. The hairs are incorporated into the
932:
735:
353:
460:
studies have reclassified the family
Lymantriidae as the subfamily Lymantriinae of the newly formed family
1069:
699:
41:
984:
1307:
1279:
961:
1258:
1165:
717:
632:
As pointed out, "Liparidae" once was an alternative family name for the
Lymantriidae, but nowadays "
476:). The reclassification affected the former family as a whole and largely kept the clade intact.
886:
762:
708:
242:
174:
59:
1284:
906:"Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico"
345:
means "destroyer", and several species are important defoliators of forest trees, including the
1107:
1266:
1152:
990:
681:
293:
1271:
913:
876:
51:
322:. An emerging adult female of some species collects and stores the hairs at the tip of the
1027:
939:
223:
983:
Watson, Allen; Fletcher, D. S.; Nye, I. W. B.; et al. (1980). Nye, I. W. B. (ed.).
511:
Scopoli, 1763. The next name established for this family was
Liparidae Boisduval, 1834,
385:
Most genera are classified into the following tribes, while others remain unclassified (
1191:
1178:
448:
302:
250:
215:
151:
815:
Proceedings, Lymantriidae: A Comparison of
Features of New and Old World Tussock Moths
1301:
881:
864:
393:
327:
319:
270:
254:
1121:
890:
1157:
905:
457:
286:
160:
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1235:
1204:
1101:
654:
465:
413:
346:
116:
744:
663:
645:
408:
258:
238:
126:
809:
Schaefer, Paul (1989). "Diversity in form, function, behavior, and ecology",
947:
943:
753:
633:
473:
469:
403:
398:
314:
203:
96:
76:
17:
1131:
918:
499:
432. This family was first separated under the name
Lariidae Newman, 1832,
281:
1139:
1086:
672:
535:
K. svenska
Fregatten Eugenies Resa ... C.A. Virgin aren 1851-1853 (Zool.)
461:
423:
418:
360:
266:
211:
136:
1144:
323:
234:
1209:
772:
106:
86:
1063:
447:
368:
309:
280:
265:
islands, notable places that do not host lymantriines include the
262:
246:
230:
1170:
540:(10, Lepidoptera): 369 (as Orgyides), based on the nominal genus
207:
1067:
865:"Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)"
946:
is properly used as the name for the family that includes the
1045:
The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles
989:. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History). p. x.
933:
Forest and Shade Tree Entomology ENT 4251 Laboratory Manual
1032:
Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe
285:
The different forms of the male (top) and female (bottom)
529:
These names have also been established for the family:
487:, Allen Watson, D. S. Fletcher and I. W. B. Nye wrote:
1013:, various editions since 1949 pub. Central News Agency
904:
Lafontaine, Donald; Schmidt, Christian (19 Mar 2010).
966:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
229:
The subfamily Lymantriinae includes about 350 known
1076:
962:"Revision of Australian Lepidoptera. Lasiocampidae"
373:Larva of a species of tussock moth, Lymantriinae,
485:The Generic Names of Moths of the World: Volume 2
594:169 (as Ocneriadae), based on the nominal genus
554:331 (as Dasychirae), based on the nominal genus
518:134 (as Liparides), based on the nominal genus
503:40, 44 (as Lariae), based on the nominal genus
489:
828:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
456:Taxonomy is a dynamic discipline, and recent
8:
326:and uses them to camouflage and protect the
1064:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
40:
31:
917:
880:
522:Ochsenheimer, 1810, a junior homonym of
241:. They are particularly concentrated in
986:The Generic Names of Moths of the World
791:
513:Icon. hist. Lèpid. nouv. ou peu connus
830:. (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
7:
1259:dab9c5a7-689c-497a-a3cb-f363964adbbe
1197:5b6759b0-7583-462a-8695-58c4c06d472e
1058:Hubner, (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
257:. One estimate lists 258 species in
507:Schrank, 1802, a junior homonym of
452:Illustration of tussock moth (1917)
1052:Schintlmeister, Alexander (2004).
863:Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2011).
472:, and the tiger and lichen moths (
25:
1011:The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa
1009:see for example Smith, J. L. B.,
882:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x
569:432, based on the nominal genus
547:(b) Dasychiridae Packard, 1864,
533:(a) Orgyiidae Wallengren, 1861,
237:found in every continent except
63:
49:Male (left) and female (right)
608:3, based on the nominal genus
601:(f) Hypogymnidae Grote, 1896,
590:(e) Ocneriidae Meyrick, 1895,
583:3, based on the nominal genus
1:
999:– via Internet Archive.
958:This has been pointed out in
501:Sphinx vespiformis; an essay:
1318:Taxa named by George Hampson
576:(d) Leucomidae Grote, 1895,
561:(c) Lymantriidae Hampson, ,
813:USDA Forest Service (ed.):
438:list of Lymantriinae genera
214:. The taxon was erected by
1334:
1054:The Taxonomy of the Genus
778:
691:Northern pine tussock moth
640:Notable species and genera
781:List of lymantriid genera
727:White-marked tussock moth
578:Mitt. Roemermus. Hildesh.
480:end of the 20th century:
180:
173:
166:
159:
60:Scientific classification
58:
48:
39:
34:
942:University of Michigan.
736:Douglas-fir tussock moth
603:Mitt Roemermus. Hildesh.
491:Lymantriidae Hampson, ,
354:Douglas-fir tussock moth
704:Gynaephora groenlandica
549:Proc. ent. Soc. Philad.
960:Turner, A. J. (1924).
919:10.3897/zookeys.40.414
826:Scoble, M. J. (1992).
700:Arctic woollybear moth
650:Euproctis chrysorrhoea
630:
623:Moths Am. N. of Mexico
453:
377:
297:
1280:Paleobiology Database
869:Systematic Entomology
817:: 1-19. Broomall, PA
451:
372:
357:Orgyia pseudotsugata,
284:
233:and over 2,500 known
198:(formerly called the
169:2,500–2,700+ species
1192:Fauna Europaea (new)
740:Orgyia pseudostugata
718:Western tussock moth
686:Calliteara pudibunda
659:Sphrageidus similis
544:Ochsenheimer, 1810;
938:2008-04-16 at the
763:Painted apple moth
731:Orgyia leucostigma
709:Rusty tussock moth
695:Dasychira plagiata
592:Handbk Br. Lepid.:
454:
378:
298:
261:alone. Apart from
243:sub-Saharan Africa
27:Subfamily of moths
1295:
1294:
1267:Open Tree of Life
1070:Taxon identifiers
682:Pale tussock moth
677:Lymantria monacha
621:Dominick et al.,
364:Lymantria monacha
294:sexual dimorphism
292:is an example of
192:
191:
186:
167:About 350 genera,
155:
16:(Redirected from
1325:
1313:Moth subfamilies
1288:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1262:
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1252:
1251:
1239:
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1236:NHMSYS0021144371
1226:
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1112:
1111:
1110:
1097:
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1065:
1049:
1040:Skinner, Bernard
1035:
1028:Chinery, Michael
1014:
1007:
1001:
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980:
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956:
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901:
895:
894:
884:
860:
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850:
844:
837:
831:
824:
818:
807:
668:Lymantria dispar
350:Lymantria dispar
224:urticating hairs
184:
150:
68:
67:
52:Lymantria dispar
44:
32:
21:
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1021:Further reading
1018:
1017:
1008:
1004:
997:
982:
981:
977:
972:(198): 397–428.
959:
957:
953:
940:Wayback Machine
931:
927:
903:
902:
898:
862:
861:
857:
851:
847:
838:
834:
825:
821:
808:
793:
788:
783:
767:Teia anartoides
749:Leucoma salicis
642:
612:Billberg, 1820.
563:Fauna Br. India
493:Fauna Br. India
446:
383:
375:Orgyia definita
303:tympanal organs
279:
168:
149:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1331:
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1292:
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1289:
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1253:
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1201:
1188:
1179:Fauna Europaea
1175:
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1113:
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1082:
1080:
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1068:
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790:
789:
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742:
733:
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722:Orgyia vetusta
715:
713:Orgyia antiqua
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430:Incertae sedis
426:
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416:
411:
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401:
396:
387:incertae sedis
382:
379:
278:
275:
251:Southeast Asia
216:George Hampson
210:of the family
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782:
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764:
761:
759:
758:Eloria noyesi
755:
752:
750:
746:
743:
741:
737:
734:
732:
728:
725:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:or vapourer,
710:
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587:Hübner, 1822;
586:
582:
579:
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546:
543:
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443:
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439:
436:See also the
432:
431:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
394:Arctornithini
392:
391:
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388:
380:
376:
371:
367:
365:
362:
358:
355:
351:
348:
344:
340:
338:
337:tussock moths
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:
311:
306:
304:
295:
291:
290:Orgyia recens
288:
283:
276:
274:
272:
271:New Caledonia
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:South America
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
185:Hampson, 1893
183:Lymantriidae
182:
181:
179:
176:
172:
165:
162:
158:
153:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
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128:
125:
123:Superfamily:
122:
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118:
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102:
101:
98:
95:
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88:
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81:
78:
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66:
61:
57:
54:
53:
47:
43:
38:
35:Lymantriinae
33:
30:
19:
1308:Lymantriinae
1122:Lymantriinae
1108:Lymantriinae
1078:Lymantriinae
1077:
1055:
1053:
1043:
1031:
1010:
1005:
985:
978:
969:
965:
954:
928:
909:
899:
872:
868:
858:
848:
840:
835:
827:
822:
814:
810:
771:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
685:
676:
667:
658:
649:
631:
625:
622:
618:
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609:
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584:
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551:
548:
541:
537:
534:
528:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
484:
483:In the 1980
482:
478:
458:phylogenetic
455:
435:
428:
386:
384:
374:
363:
356:
349:
342:
341:
336:
332:
313:
307:
299:
289:
287:tussock moth
228:
220:
200:Lymantriidae
199:
196:Lymantriinae
195:
193:
147:Lymantriinae
146:
50:
29:
18:Tussock moth
1205:iNaturalist
1102:Wikispecies
875:: 102–124.
655:Yellow-tail
466:Herminiinae
444:Systematics
414:Lymantriini
347:spongy moth
296:in insects.
277:Description
143:Subfamily:
117:Lepidoptera
1302:Categories
996:0565008110
912:(40): 26.
853:Evolution.
786:References
779:See also:
745:Satin moth
664:Gypsy moth
646:Brown-tail
409:Locharnini
259:Madagascar
239:Antarctica
127:Noctuoidea
97:Arthropoda
1093:Q18428789
1056:Lymantria
948:snailfish
944:Liparidae
839:Wang, H.
754:Coca moth
634:Liparidae
610:Hypogymna
598:Hübner, ;
573:Hübner, ;
571:Lymantria
558:Hübner, ;
556:Dasychira
474:Arctiinae
470:Aganainae
404:Leucomini
399:Daplasini
343:Lymantria
315:Euproctis
218:in 1893.
204:subfamily
161:Diversity
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
1171:47608433
1140:BugGuide
1129:BioLib:
1087:Wikidata
1042:(1984).
1030:(1991).
936:Archived
891:84249695
673:Nun moth
565:(Moths)
495:(Moths)
462:Erebidae
424:Nygmiini
419:Orgyiini
361:nun moth
359:and the
333:tussocks
267:Antilles
212:Erebidae
202:) are a
175:Synonyms
137:Erebidae
133:Family:
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1272:1022119
1132:1229587
910:ZooKeys
596:Ocneria
585:Leucoma
524:Liparis
520:Liparis
468:), the
324:abdomen
263:oceanic
235:species
152:Hampson
113:Order:
107:Insecta
103:Class:
1285:245057
1256:NZOR:
1223:936936
1184:447056
1145:378209
993:
889:
841:et al.
773:Rahona
542:Orgyia
381:Tribes
352:, the
320:cocoon
310:larvae
253:, and
231:genera
154:, 1893
1249:27548
1210:48847
1158:93MXM
887:S2CID
509:Laria
505:Laria
247:India
208:moths
1244:NCBI
1218:ITIS
991:ISBN
328:eggs
308:The
269:and
194:The
1231:NBN
1166:EoL
1153:CoL
1117:AFD
914:doi
877:doi
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335:or
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