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40:
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The VVRL-lOO reactor was fitted in the bomb bay of the aircraft, requiring aerodynamic fairings over the top and bottom. From 1961 to 1969, the Tu-95LAL completed over 40 research flights. Most of these were made with the reactor shut down. The main purpose of the flight phase was examining the
207:
bureau, knowing the complexity of the task assigned to them, estimated that it would be two decades before the program could produce a working prototype. They assumed that the first operational nuclear-assisted airplane could take to the air in the late 1970s or early 1980s. In order to gain
699:
232:
and steel plates were used for protection. The shielding efficiency is disputed: most sources say that it was at least efficient enough to warrant further work, and indeed, the design of the follow-up prototype, the Tu-119, was started.
1906:
260:
turboprops outboard. The Tu-119 was never completed due to the nuclear-powered bomber project being cancelled on grounds of cost and the dire environmental impact of possible mishaps and accidents.
433:
157:
could be used to power an aircraft, primarily testing airborne operation of a reactor and shielding for components and crew. The reactor did not actually power the aircraft.
1911:
637:
1577:
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736:
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were assigned to develop the engines. They chose to focus on the direct-cycle system from the start, testing ramjets, jet engines and even turboprops.
1936:
181:
444:
1931:
1946:
614:
1745:
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experience with operational problems, they proposed building a flying testbed as soon as possible, mounting a small reactor in a
Tupolev
1648:
237:
1916:
647:
593:
548:
189:
604:
1543:
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issued a directive ordering bomber-related design bureaus to join forces in researching nuclear aircraft. The design bureaus of
653:
729:
193:
1941:
1885:
1781:
1536:
252:, a modified Tu-95, which would have been powered by both nuclear-fuelled and kerosene-fuelled turboprop engines: two
1921:
1735:
1622:
722:
236:
As in the US, development was curtailed on grounds of cost and environmental concerns. The emerging potential of
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nuclear-fuelled engines inboard, fed with heat from a fuselage-mounted reactor and two kerosene-fed
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505:
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effectiveness of the radiation shielding, which was one of the main concerns for the engineers.
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610:
589:
544:
269:
Note: the specifications given are those of the Tu-95MS, which were identical to the Tu-95LAL.
1822:
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115:
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The Tu-95LAL test aircraft. The bulge in the fuselage aft of the wing covers the reactor.
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636:
Buttler, Tony; Gordon, Yefim (2004). "Chapter 6: Nuclear Power and Flying Wings".
248:
The next stage in the development of a nuclear-powered bomber would have been the
676:
240:
made the expensive nuclear aircraft program superfluous, and it was scaled back.
1791:
1512:
1412:
1372:
382:
141:'flying atomic laboratory') which flew from 1961 to 1965 was a modified
1507:
1482:
17:
705:
331:
173:
had an experimental nuclear aircraft program. Without the need to refuel, a
166:
1700:
745:
225:
204:
71:
39:
1801:
1528:
684:
177:
would have greatly extended range compared to conventional designs.
714:
340:
8-bladed contra-rotating constant-speed fully feathering propellers
1653:
209:
170:
1532:
718:
1710:
586:
OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its
Aircraft
508:, Discovery Channel Europe and Alba Communications Ltd. 2003]
1907:
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
434:"The Future Role of Nuclear Propulsion in the Military"
334:
engines 15,000 PS (15,000 hp; 11,000 kW)
355:
750–800 km/h (470–500 mph, 400–430 kn)
129:
1840:
1810:
1774:
1754:
1728:
1693:
1677:
1641:
1566:
1345:
1082:
956:
900:
824:
753:
606:
377:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
98:
90:
85:
77:
65:
54:
49:
32:
639:Soviet secret projects : Bombers since 1945
1578:Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion
1544:
730:
478:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
361:4,700 km (2,900 mi, 2,500 nmi)
8:
1758:
1570:
1551:
1537:
1529:
737:
723:
715:
149:, analogous to the United States' earlier
29:
27:Soviet experimental nuclear-powered bomber
584:; Komissarov, Dmitriy and Sergey (2004).
441:NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence
1912:Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
506:Planes That Never Flew: The Atomic Plane
562:
560:
489:
487:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
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411:
685:Ту-95ЛАЛ – самолет с ядерным реактором
516:
514:
504:From the television/DVD documentary,
493:
192:became the chief design teams, while
7:
1746:Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System
706:ЯДЕРНАЯ ЖАР-ПТИЦА (Nuclear firebird)
296:50.1 m (164 ft 4 in)
290:46.2 m (151 ft 7 in)
1782:Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion program
302:12.12 m (39 ft 9 in)
238:intercontinental ballistic missiles
153:. It was intended to see whether a
131:Letayushchaya Atomnaya Laboratoriya
1927:1960s Soviet experimental aircraft
314:145,000 kg (319,670 lb)
308:310 m (3,300 sq ft)
25:
321:110,000 kg (242,508 lb)
1881:
1880:
642:. Hinckley: Midland Publishing.
609:. Hinckley: Midland Publishing.
182:Council of Ministers of the USSR
38:
1937:Four-engined turboprop aircraft
566:Grant and Dailey 2007, p. 293.
1:
1932:Four-engined tractor aircraft
1947:Aircraft first flown in 1961
120:Летающая Атомная Лаборатория
130:
1963:
541:Combat Aircraft Since 1945
524:tr. "Tu-95LAL (order 247)"
276:Combat Aircraft Since 1945
1876:
1818:Tupolev Tu-95LAL / Tu-119
1761:
1736:Nuclear marine propulsion
1623:Nuclear salt-water rocket
1573:
479:Buttler & Gordon 2004
264:Specifications (Tu-95LAL)
119:
37:
1917:Nuclear-powered aircraft
1766:Nuclear-powered aircraft
1618:Nuclear pulse propulsion
212:to create the Tu-95LAL.
175:nuclear-powered aircraft
1613:Nuclear photonic rocket
1608:Nuclear electric rocket
1603:Gas core reactor rocket
1588:Fission-fragment rocket
539:Stewart Wilson (2000).
281:General characteristics
114:experimental aircraft (
1628:Nuclear thermal rocket
432:Trakimavičius, Lukas.
180:On 12 August 1955 the
161:Design and development
1706:TOPAZ nuclear reactor
1483:ANT-40/SB/PS-40/PS-41
588:. London: Ian Allan.
1863:Ford Seattle-ite XXI
693:Ту-95ЛАЛ (заказ 247)
603:Colon, Raul (2009).
521:Ту-95ЛАЛ (заказ 247)
190:Vladimir Myasishchev
1633:Radioisotope rocket
1383:ANT-7/R-6/KR-6/MR-6
656:on 17 February 2012
50:General information
1942:High-wing aircraft
1669:Project Prometheus
1560:Nuclear propulsion
1453:ANT-27/MDR-4/MTB-1
1894:
1893:
1836:
1835:
1828:9M730 Burevestnik
1724:
1723:
1526:
1525:
623:on 6 January 2012
616:978-1-85780-194-1
140:
128:
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
1954:
1922:Tupolev aircraft
1884:
1883:
1823:Myasishchev M-60
1759:
1685:Project Daedalus
1659:Project Longshot
1571:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1513:ANT-51/BB-1/Su-2
1493:ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8
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732:
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689:
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663:
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652:. Archived from
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619:. Archived from
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482:
481:, pp. 79–80
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443:. Archived from
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393:Myasishchev M-60
348:
329:Kuznetsov NK-12M
283:
254:Kuznetsov NK-14A
135:
133:
123:
121:
112:Tupolev Tu-95LAL
60:nuclear aircraft
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30:
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543:. p. 137.
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319:Landing weight:
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258:Kuznetsov NK-12
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222:beryllium oxide
194:N. D. Kuznetsov
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147:bomber aircraft
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1787:Convair NB-36H
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450:on 2021-10-18
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353:Cruise speed:
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103:Tupolev Tu-95
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58:Experimental
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36:
31:
19:
1868:Simca Fulgur
1858:Ford Nucleon
1817:
1741:Nuclear navy
1593:Fission sail
1503:ANT-44/MTB-2
1468:ANT-35/PS-35
1458:ANT-29/DIP-1
1346:Early period
1191:
1092:ANT-17/TSh-1
1038:
957:Experimental
872:Tu-28/Tu-128
867:Tu-22M/Tu-26
710:(in Russian)
696:(in Russian)
688:(in Russian)
658:. Retrieved
654:the original
638:
625:. Retrieved
621:the original
605:
585:
574:Bibliography
540:
534:
528:TestPilot.Ru
527:
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500:
452:. Retrieved
445:the original
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230:paraffin wax
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198:A. M. Lyulka
179:
164:
111:
109:
91:First flight
78:Number built
67:Manufacturer
1811:USSR/Russia
1792:Convair X-6
1729:Sea vessels
1694:USSR/Russia
1508:ANT-46/DI-8
1478:ANT-37/DB-2
1473:ANT-36/DB-1
1463:ANT-31/I-14
1443:ANT-23/I-12
1438:ANT-22/MK-1
1433:ANT-21/MI-3
1423:ANT-16/TB-4
1403:ANT-11/MTBT
1388:ANT-8/MDR-2
1112:ANT-30/SK-1
1102:ANT-26/TB-6
857:Tu-20/Tu-95
700:translation
680:(in German)
383:Convair X-6
346:Performance
338:Propellers:
325:Powerplant:
165:During the
1901:Categories
1567:Spacecraft
1413:ANT-13/I-8
1408:ANT-12/I-5
1398:ANT-10/R-7
1393:ANT-9/PS-9
1378:ANT-6/TB-3
1368:ANT-4/TB-1
1127:Tu-72 (II)
928:Tu-131 SAM
494:Colon 2009
454:2021-10-15
401:References
365:Endurance:
306:Wing area:
1448:ANT-25/RD
1373:ANT-5/I-4
1363:ANT-3/R-3
1122:Tu-72 (I)
1085:cancelled
1083:Proposed,
660:8 January
627:3 January
406:Citations
332:turboprop
294:Wingspan:
274:Data from
125:romanized
1886:Category
1755:Aircraft
1039:Tu-95LAL
901:Unmanned
825:Military
754:Civilian
748:aircraft
372:See also
167:Cold War
33:Tu-95LAL
1701:RD-0410
1322:Tu-2000
908:Tu-121C
746:Tupolev
708:(2008)
300:Height:
288:Length:
226:cadmium
205:Tupolev
145:Soviet
139:
127::
116:Russian
86:History
72:Tupolev
1841:Ground
1802:WS-125
1498:ANT-43
1418:ANT-14
1332:PAK DA
1317:Tu-444
1312:Tu-336
1307:Tu-414
1302:Tu-404
1297:Tu-360
1292:Tu-344
1287:Tu-338
1282:Tu-334
1277:Tu-330
1272:Tu-324
1267:Tu-304
1262:Tu-300
1257:Tu-244
1252:Tu-230
1247:Tu-216
1242:Tu-206
1237:Tu-194
1232:Tu-174
1227:Tu-161
1222:Tu-156
1217:Tu-148
1212:Tu-138
1207:Tu-135
1202:Tu-127
1197:Tu-125
1192:Tu-119
1187:Tu-118
1182:Tu-117
1177:Tu-115
1117:ANT-53
1107:ANT-28
1097:ANT-18
1074:Tu-206
1069:Tu-155
1064:Tu-110
1059:Tu-107
1054:Tu-105
948:Tu-300
943:Tu-243
938:Tu-143
933:Tu-141
923:Tu-130
918:Tu-139
913:Tu-123
892:Tu-160
887:Tu-142
882:Tu-126
816:Tu-354
811:Tu-334
806:Tu-214
801:Tu-204
796:Tu-164
791:Tu-154
786:Tu-144
781:Tu-134
776:Tu-124
771:Tu-116
766:Tu-114
761:Tu-104
677:Tu-119
646:
613:
592:
547:
359:Range:
244:Tu-119
210:Tu-95M
1654:NERVA
1358:ANT-2
1353:ANT-1
1337:Voron
1172:'102'
1167:'101'
1049:Tu-98
1044:Tu-96
1034:Tu-94
1029:Tu-91
1024:Tu-85
1019:Tu-82
1014:Tu-80
1009:Tu-79
1004:Tu-77
999:Tu-75
994:Tu-72
989:Tu-70
984:Tu-18
979:Tu-12
877:Tu-81
862:Tu-22
852:Tu-16
847:Tu-14
842:Tu-10
448:(PDF)
437:(PDF)
1162:'93'
1157:'90'
1152:'86'
1147:'79'
1142:'78'
1137:'74'
1132:'73'
974:Tu-8
969:Tu-6
964:Tu-1
837:Tu-4
832:Tu-2
662:2012
644:ISBN
629:2012
611:ISBN
590:ISBN
545:ISBN
327:4 ×
203:The
196:and
188:and
171:USSR
169:the
137:lit.
110:The
94:1961
55:Type
1716:TEM
1711:TMK
1903::
1775:US
1678:UK
1642:US
559:^
526:;
513:^
486:^
463:^
439:.
414:^
228:,
224:,
220:,
134:,
122:,
118::
1552:e
1545:t
1538:v
738:e
731:t
724:v
702:)
698:(
664:.
631:.
598:.
553:.
457:.
81:1
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
