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the tiller-truck is that its overall length, over 50 feet (15 m) for most models, allows for additional storage of tools and equipment. The extreme length gives compartment capacities that range between 500 and 650 cubic feet (14 and 18 m) in the trailer with an additional 40 and 60 cubic feet (1.1 and 1.7 m) in the cab.
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235:"). These flash to attract the attention of other drivers as the fire truck approaches, or to provide warning to drivers approaching a parked fire truck in a dangerous position on the road. While the fire truck is headed towards the scene, the lights are always accompanied by loud audible warnings such as
454:, giving it its name. The key functions of a turntable ladder are allowing access or egress of firefighters and fire victims at height, providing a high-level water point for firefighting (elevated master stream), and providing a platform from which tasks such as ventilation or overhaul can be executed.
1180:(sometimes called "cherry picker"), a platform or bucket attached onto a mechanically bending arm (or "snorkel") installed onto a fire truck. While these could not reach the height of similar turntable ladders, the platforms could extend into previously unreachable "dead corners" of a burning building.
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For many years firefighters sat on the sides of the fire engines, or even stood on the rear of the vehicles, exposed to the elements. This arrangement was uncomfortable and dangerous (some firefighters were thrown to their deaths when their fire engines made sharp turns on the road), and today nearly
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An aerial apparatus is a fire truck mounted with an extendable boom that enables firefighters to reach high locations. They can provide a high vantage point for spraying water and creating ventilation, an access route for firefighters and an escape route for firefighters and people they have rescued.
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While the traditional characteristic of a TL was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern TLs have a water pumping function built in (and some have their own on-board supply reservoir). Some may have piping along the ladder to supply water to firefighters at the top of the ladder, and some of
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applied for funds to purchase "a machine worked by petroleum for the traction of a fire-engine, ladders, and so forth and for the conveyance of the necessary staff of pompiers". With great prescience the report states "If the experiment prove successful, as is anticipated, horses will eventually be
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fire engine was built in New York in 1841. Unfortunately for the manufacturers, some firefighters sabotaged the device and its use of the first engine was discontinued. However, the need and the utility of power equipment ensured the success of the steam pumper well into the twentieth century. Many
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built a fire engine with a compressed air vessel. On each side 14 men worked a piston rod back and forth in a horizontal direction. The air vessel, a type of pressure tank, issued an even stream despite the backward motion of the piston. This was made possible by a rotating pipe mounted on the hose
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Most tankers have an on-board pumping system. This pump is often not of sufficient power to fight fires (as it is designed to be attached to a fire engine), but is more often used to draw water into the tender from hydrants or other water sources. Many tankers are equipped with fast-drain valves on
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is a specialist fire appliance with the primary purpose of transporting large amounts of water to the fire area to make it available for extinguishing operations. These are especially useful in rural areas where fire hydrants are not readily available and natural water resources are insufficient or
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The standard fire engine transports firefighters to the scene, carries equipment needed by the firefighters for most firefighting scenarios, and may provide a limited supply of water with which to fight the fire. The tools carried on the fire engine will vary greatly based on many factors including
542:
One of the main features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability. The independent steering of the front and back wheels allow the tiller to make much sharper turns, which is particularly helpful on narrow streets and in apartment complexes with maze-like roads. An additional feature of
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The exact layout of what is carried on an engine is decided by the needs of the department. For example, fire departments located in metropolitan areas will carry equipment to mitigate hazardous materials and effect technical rescues, while departments that operate in the wildland-urban interface
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The design and construction of fire engines focuses greatly on the use of both active and passive warnings. Passive visual warnings involve the use of high contrast patterns to increase the noticeability of the vehicle. These types of warnings are often seen on older vehicles and those in
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capability to improve hill climbing and rough terrain capability. Some wildland apparatus can pump water while driving (compared to some traditional engines which must be stationary to pump water), allowing "mobile attacks" on vegetation fires to minimize the rate of spread.
406:. The preconnects are attached to the engine's onboard water supply and allow firefighters to quickly mount an aggressive attack on the fire as soon as they arrive on scene. When the onboard water supply runs out, the engine is connected to more permanent sources such as
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entirely replaced by automobiles". This was, indeed, the case and motorised fire engines became commonplace by the early 20th century. By 1905, the idea of combining gas engine motor trucks into fire engines was attracting great attention; according to a
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Fires, fire engines, and fire brigades: with a history of manual and steam fire engines, their construction, use, and management; remarks on fire-proof buildings ... statistics of the fire appliances in
English towns; foreign fire systems; hints for the
576:, also known as a basket or bucket, on the end of a ladder or boom. These platforms can provide a secure place from which a firefighter can operate. Many platforms also allow for rescues to be performed and are outfitted with tie down clips and
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Early pumpers used cisterns as a source of water. Water was later put into wooden pipes under the streets and a "fire plug" was pulled out of the top of the pipe when a suction hose was to be inserted. Later systems incorporated pressurized
550:, which are tiller trucks that have the added feature of being fitted with an on-board water tank. These are particularly useful for smaller departments that do not have enough personnel to staff both an engine company and a truck company.
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1090:, began selling what some have described as the world's first modern fire engine. A year later, the city of Springfield, Illinois, had filled their fire department with Knox engines. Another early motorized fire engine was developed by
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have to be able to tackle traditional urban fires as well as wildland fires. Departments in these areas often use a wildland-urban interface engine, which combine features of a standard fire engine with that of a wildland fire engine.
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In the late 19th century, means of reaching tall structures were devised. At first, manually extendable ladders were used; as these grew in length (and weight), they were put onto two large wheels. When carried by fire engines these
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The "hook and ladder" was an early type of fire units known since late 1700s. It was a horse-drawn carriage which brought ladders and hooks to the fire place. Ladders were used for access to upper floors and the roof. "Hooks" were
1865:
W. Hornung: Die
Entwicklung der Feuerlöschpumpe vom ausgehenden Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Eine technikgeschichtliche Betrachtung (3. Part). (Archive from 13. January 2015) In: VFDB-Zeitschrift. Nr. 4, 1960, S.
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An important advancement around 1822 was the invention of an engine which could draft water from a water source. This rendered the bucket brigade obsolete. In 1822, a
Philadelphia-based manufacturing company called
587:, allowing the arm to bend in one or more places. This allows the platform truck to go "up and over" an obstacle, and is an advantage over the traditional platform ladder, which can only extend in a straight line.
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Fire engine, Philadelphia, 1838, trying to save adjacent building. One firefighter (with helmet) directs the water; three to his left are manning the pump. Hand-colored. To the right of the engine is a hose
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The earliest engines were small and were either carried by four men, or mounted on skids and dragged to a fire. As the engines grew larger they became horse-drawn and later self-propelled by steam engines.
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made a model called "The
Hydraulion". It is said to be the first suction engine. Some models had the hard, suction hose fixed to the intake and curled up over the apparatus known as a squirrel tail engine.
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The pivot can be mounted at the rear of the chassis or in the middle, just behind the cab. The latter is sometimes called a "mid-ship" arrangement, and it allows a lower travel height for the truck.
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Until the mid-19th century, most fire engines were maneuvered by men, but the introduction of horse-drawn fire engines considerably improved the response time to incidents. The first self-propelled
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the size of the department and the usual situations the firefighters handle. For example, departments located near large bodies of water or rivers are likely to have some sort of
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Colonial laws in
America required each house to have a bucket of water on the front stoop in preparation for fires at night. These buckets were intended for use by the initial
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because they are manually (hand) powered and the water was supplied by a bucket brigade dumping it into a tub (cistern) where the pump had a permanent intake pipe.
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398:, also known as a master stream, which directs a heavy stream of water to wherever the operator points it. An additional feature of engines are their preconnected
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535:. Unlike a commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and special tools are required to separate them. It has two drivers, with separate
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which allowed the jet to reach heights up to 20 m (65.6 ft). Caspar Schott observed
Hautsch's fire engine in 1655 and wrote an account of it in his
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tanks for electrical fires. These features give the airport crash tenders a capability to reach an airplane rapidly, and rapidly extinguish large fires with
469:. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer, sturdier, and more stable. They may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment.
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Manchester
Locomotive Works first self-propelled Amoskeag Steam Fire Engine. Sold to Boston Fire department after use at Great Boston Fire of 1872
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invented the first fire pump around the 2nd century B.C., and an example of a force-pump possibly used for a fire-engine is mentioned by
227:. Along with the passive warnings, are active visual warnings which are usually in the form of flashing colored lights (also known as "
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accidents. Some of the features that make the airport crash tender unique are its ability to move on rough terrain outside the
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1516:[Reach the Sky or the M68L, the world's tallest hydraulic rescue ladder! "] (in Polish). remiza.com. Archived from
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In North
America, aerial apparatuses are used for fire suppression, whereas in Europe, they are used more for rescue.
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Other vehicles that are used by fire departments but may not be directly involved in firefighting may include
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installed at the top. Other appliances may simply have a track-way to securely hold a manually-run hose reel.
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In the United States, turntable ladders with additional functions such as an onboard pump, a water tank,
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the sides and back of the truck. This allows firefighters to empty thousands of gallons of water into a
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A turntable ladder (TL) is an aerial apparatus with a large ladder mounted on a pivot which resembles a
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had the wheels suspended behind the rear of the vehicle, making them a distinctive sight. Before long,
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Most water tenders are designed to carry loads of 5,000–12,000 litres (1,100–2,600 imp gal).
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concluded that fluorescent colors, including yellow-green and orange, are easiest to spot in daylight.
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are often used interchangeably to a broad range of vehicles involved in firefighting; however, in some
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that is further upgraded and customized for firefighting requirements. They are generally considered
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This article is about a specific type of fire apparatus. For firefighting apparatus in general, see
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to reflect light from other vehicles. Vehicles will also often have these reflectors arranged in a
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article in that year, such trucks were rapidly gaining popularity in
England. That same year, the
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1946:"Books about Knox Automobile Company—Historical Photos & Images of Knox Automobile Company"
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In the United States, a tiller truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial, tiller ladder, or
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1514:"Dosięgnąć nieba czyli M68L, najwyższa na świecie drabina hydrauliczna z windą ratowniczą!"
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Alaspää et al.: Uusi ensihoidon käsikirja. Tammi 2004. (New
Handbook on Emergency care)
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built the first fire engine made in America in 1743. These earliest engines are called
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In some regions, a fire engine may be used to transport first responder firefighters,
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Notes of the Month, The Automotor and Horseless Vehicle Journal, January 1897, p143
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in 1731 where the amount of manpower and skill necessary for firefighting prompted
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Motorised fire engines date back to January 1897, when the Prefect of Police in
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624:. A wildland fire engine is smaller than standard fire engines and has a higher
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1306:"Study Highlights Best Practices for Emergency Vehicle Visibility, Conspicuity"
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Walter A, Edgar C, Rutledge M: First Responder Handbook: Fire Service Edition.
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rather than red due to safety and ergonomics reasons. A 2009 study by the
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is a specialized fire engine that can negotiate difficult terrain for
1580:"Fire Apparatus Utilized on Emergency Responses—Benefits of a Tiller"
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1973:
The American Peoples Encyclopedia Yearbook: Events and Personalities
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all fire engines have fully enclosed seating areas for their crews.
48:"Fire engines" redirects here. For the Scottish post-punk band, see
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equipment. Standard tools found on nearly all fire engines include
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531:-and-ladder truck, is a specialized turntable ladder mounted on a
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cities and towns around the world bought the steam fire engines.
925:
type fire engines, engraving from the mid 17th century in Germany
414:
and can also use natural sources such as rivers or reservoirs by
929:
An early device used to squirt water onto a fire was known as a
343:
2018:
2014:
105:. The primary purposes of a fire engine include transporting
1701:"Wildland Urban Interface Fires: Managing A Cascade Of Risk"
1123:
used for pulling down and apart the burning construction.
495:
engines, indicating the number of functions they perform.
1786:"Protecting Airports with New ARFF Designs and Equipment"
983:, but before New York's two engines arrived from London.
975:
obtained a hand-pumped fire engine in 1719, years after
121:. Some fire engines have specialized functions, such as
174:
they refer to separate and specific types of vehicle.
1641:. National Wildfire Coordinating Group. Archived from
755:
which is able to stop the fire faster. Some also have
457:
To increase its length and reach, the ladder is often
445:
Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
223:. European countries commonly use a pattern known as
1114:
A hook-and-ladder of the Pioneer, Hook and Lader Co.
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and airport area, large water capacity as well as a
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1881:. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub., 2011. 112. Print.
1470:"Fire Commentary: European Firefighting Operations"
1276:"What Type Of Fire Truck Lights Are Most Effective"
904:converted for use as a firefighting vehicle by the
719:is a specialized fire engine designed for use at
502:M68L, with a range of 68 meters (223.1 ft).
113:to an incident as well as carrying equipment for
37:"Fire truck" redirects here. For other uses, see
1856:. London: Lockwood & Co., 1866. 335. Print.]
1336:"Why lime-yellow fire trucks are safer than red"
743:nozzles/injection systems that add dry chemical
1537:
1535:
937:. Hand squirts and hand pumps are noted before
739:. Newer airport crash tenders also incorporate
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1573:
1571:
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1446:. Fire Apparatus. 7 June 2016. Archived from
1176:, turntable ladders were supplemented by the
863:A Scania hazardous materials vehicle used by
709:Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport
391:will need the gear to deal with brush fires.
243:. Some fire engines in the United States are
8:
2764:Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel
998:to found an organized fire company in 1737.
638:Fire departments that serve areas along the
1673:. Santa Barbara County Fire. Archived from
735:tank, a high-capacity pump, and water/foam
564:An articulating platform truck used by the
97:, usually a specially-designed or modified
27:Emergency vehicle intended to put out fires
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2596:International Association of Fire Fighters
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2023:
2015:
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383:, self-contained breathing apparatus, and
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1790:Fire Apparatus & Emergency Equipment
1544:"Pros and cons of tractor-drawn aerials"
266:due to their proximity to the incident.
1924:"Motor fire engines popular in England"
1875:Rorer, Beverly, and Barbara Marinelli.
1261:
1031:Manually drawn fire pump in service in
884:Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service
812:
278:
979:'s 1654 model appeared there, made by
971:that would supply the water at fires.
1217:Fire appliances in the United Kingdom
546:Some departments elect to use tiller-
7:
2929:
2754:Modular Airborne FireFighting System
1948:. Arcadia Publishing. Archived from
1207:Containerized firefighting equipment
952:Fire engine invented by Hans Hautsch
194:, e.g. for towing damaged cars. The
1986:Larry Shapiro, "Hook and Ladders",
1312:. 15 September 2009. Archived from
498:The highest TL in the world is the
461:. Modern telescopic ladders may be
129:, and may also carry equipment for
2402:Self-contained breathing apparatus
2102:Firefighter assist and search team
1976:. Spencer Press. 1955. p. 77.
1821:"Latest ARFF Apparatus Technology"
1340:American Psychological Association
207:. More modern designs make use of
67:Humberside Fire and Rescue Service
25:
1922:Editorial staff (February 1905),
1784:Petrillo, Alan (29 August 2014).
1410:Leihbacher, Doug (1 April 2000).
707:airport crash tender used by the
664:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
609:wildland fire engine used by the
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2127:Fire department ranks by country
2002:
1699:Wright, Edward (1 August 2012).
1472:. Fire Engineering. 12 June 2008
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127:aircraft rescue and firefighting
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2601:International Firefighters' Day
2561:Candidate Physical Ability Test
1733:"Wildland Type I & Type II"
1542:Avsec, Robert (23 April 2013).
1043:Horse-drawn fire pump given to
394:Some fire engines have a fixed
136:Many fire engines are based on
2112:Special operations firefighter
1878:Images of America: Upper Darby
1546:. Fire Recruit. Archived from
1222:Glossary of firefighting terms
1:
2651:Wildfire emergency management
2218:Hazardous materials apparatus
1849:Young, Charles Frederick T..
1827:(August 2008). Archived from
1819:Vaccaro, Bob (31 July 2008).
1152:came in to use in the 1850s.
921:One of the simplest forms of
848:command vehicles used by the
804:Mobile communications vehicle
791:Hazardous materials apparatus
487:, aerial ladder and multiple
443:turntable ladder used by the
215:pattern along with the words
611:United States Forest Service
572:A platform truck carries an
288:An E-One engine used by the
39:Fire engine (disambiguation)
2626:World Police and Fire Games
2581:Fire protection engineering
539:for front and rear wheels.
522:Los Angeles Fire Department
43:Fire Truck (disambiguation)
3014:
2874:Glossary of wildfire terms
2606:List of firefighting films
2054:Personnel and organization
1444:"United States vs. Europe"
1088:Springfield, Massachusetts
1059:Antique Japanese fire pump
692:
594:
583:Some booms are capable of
402:, commonly referred to as
367:(often referred to as the
329:Russian State Fire Service
190:fire engine with built-in
47:
36:
29:
2912:
2586:Geography of firefighting
2117:Volunteer fire department
1896:19 September 2015 at the
1706:Fire Engineering Magazine
1417:Fire Engineering Magazine
1412:"Preconnects: The Basics"
902:infantry fighting vehicle
882:command post used by the
520:tiller truck used by the
2904:Template:Fire protection
2621:World Firefighters Games
2515:Gaseous fire suppression
1903:, accessed 6 August 2020
1901:www.bostonfiremuseum.com
1383:"What is a Fire Engine?"
808:Operational support unit
757:gaseous fire suppression
751:) to create a stream of
640:wildland–urban interface
275:Conventional fire engine
249:U.S. Fire Administration
198:serve a similar purpose.
65:fire engine used by the
2591:History of firefighting
1584:City of San Luis Obispo
1084:Knox Automobile Company
939:Ctesibius of Alexandria
850:Seattle Fire Department
829:fire truck used by the
781:Fire investigation unit
682:in just a few seconds.
491:, are known as quad or
385:thermal imaging cameras
348:Henan Fire Rescue Corps
178:Design and construction
2729:Firefighting apparatus
2417:Thermal imaging camera
2397:Secure information box
2213:Firefighting apparatus
1163:wheeled escape ladders
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674:difficult to exploit.
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476:these may also have a
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365:hydraulic rescue tools
290:Boston Fire Department
199:
103:firefighting apparatus
101:, that functions as a
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32:Firefighting apparatus
2774:Wildland water tender
2356:Hydraulic rescue tool
2122:Women in firefighting
1249:List of fire stations
1134:
1113:
1092:Peter Pirsch and Sons
1058:
1042:
1030:
1021:
951:
920:
702:
654:
604:
563:
515:
438:
185:
60:
2815:Wildland fire module
2769:Wildland fire engine
2656:Wildfire suppression
2193:Fire command vehicle
2188:Airport crash tender
2087:Retained firefighter
2011:at Wikimedia Commons
1212:Electric fire engine
1178:aerial work platform
906:German Fire Services
717:airport crash tender
695:Airport crash tender
689:Airport crash tender
622:wildfire suppression
618:wildland fire engine
597:Wildland fire engine
591:Wildland fire engine
574:aerial work platform
205:developing countries
123:wildfire suppression
2674:Aerial firefighting
2530:Stop, drop and roll
2520:Multiple-alarm fire
2387:Portable water tank
2296:Fire proximity suit
1800:on 28 December 2014
1796:(9). Archived from
1680:on 31 December 2013
1606:"Platform Features"
1520:on 16 November 2017
1494:. Fire Service Info
1316:on 24 February 2018
1139:, Australia in 1941
1045:Brockhampton Estate
1012:Sellers and Pennock
943:Heron of Alexandria
865:ACT Fire and Rescue
824:Mitsubishi Town Box
680:portable water tank
346:engine used by the
327:engine used by the
307:engine used by the
264:medical emergencies
225:Battenburg markings
2998:Emergency vehicles
2714:Fire retardant gel
2699:Fire lookout tower
2372:New York roof hook
2223:Light and air unit
2160:Fire lookout tower
2067:Chief fire officer
1227:Jan van der Heyden
1141:
1116:
1096:Kenosha, Wisconsin
1061:
1049:
1037:
1025:
981:Joseph Jenckes Sr.
963:Magia Universalis.
954:
927:
846:Chevrolet Suburban
800:Marine rescue unit
796:Light and air unit
713:
667:
614:
570:
533:semi-trailer truck
525:
448:
381:fire extinguishers
200:
145:emergency vehicles
138:commercial vehicle
79:
71:Kingston upon Hull
2980:
2979:
2887:
2886:
2879:List of wildfires
2739:Helicopter bucket
2734:Firefighting foam
2336:Hard suction hose
2281:Fire extinguisher
2271:Fire brigade keys
2007:Media related to
1952:on 1 October 2015
1928:Popular Mechanics
1167:turntable ladders
1135:A fire engine in
1079:Popular Mechanics
996:Benjamin Franklin
831:Chichibu, Saitama
753:firefighting foam
518:American LaFrance
147:authorized to be
18:Turntable ladders
16:(Redirected from
3005:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2943:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2919:
2641:
2576:Fire photography
2358:("Jaws of life")
2316:Fireman's switch
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2006:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1739:. Archived from
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:on 15 March 2015
1612:. Archived from
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1578:Hines, Charlie.
1575:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1282:. Archived from
1274:Dallman, Chris.
1271:
1245:
1237:Turntable ladder
1200:
1198:Transport portal
1195:
1194:
894:
875:
860:
842:
819:
630:four-wheel drive
626:ground clearance
431:Turntable ladder
422:Aerial apparatus
339:
320:
300:
285:
172:fire departments
153:emergency lights
131:technical rescue
117:operations in a
50:The Fire Engines
21:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2953:
2941:
2908:
2883:
2862:
2819:
2778:
2679:Controlled burn
2666:
2660:
2630:
2571:Fire engine red
2549:
2540:Two-in, two-out
2495:Fireman's carry
2421:
2321:Flame retardant
2242:
2203:Fire motorcycle
2174:
2148:Fire department
2131:
2082:Station officer
2062:Battalion chief
2048:
2043:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1898:Wayback Machine
1889:
1885:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1743:on 8 April 2015
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:"Type 3 Engine"
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1450:on 17 July 2019
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1286:on 7 March 2016
1273:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1239:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1158:
1129:
1108:
1106:Hook and ladder
988:Richard Newsham
915:
908:
895:
886:
876:
867:
861:
852:
843:
834:
833:fire department
820:
811:
769:
711:fire department
697:
691:
649:
599:
593:
556:
537:steering wheels
508:
433:
424:
350:
340:
331:
321:
312:
301:
292:
286:
277:
272:
209:retroreflectors
180:
53:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3011:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2926:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:Fire retardant
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2535:Structure fire
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:Door breaching
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2412:Smoke detector
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2311:Fireman's pole
2308:
2303:
2301:Fire retardant
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2233:Rescue vehicle
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1998:
1997:External links
1995:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1963:
1937:
1914:
1905:
1883:
1868:
1858:
1842:
1831:on 29 May 2014
1811:
1776:
1754:
1724:
1691:
1659:
1636:"Engine Types"
1627:
1597:
1561:
1550:on 27 May 2016
1531:
1505:
1483:
1461:
1435:
1399:
1374:
1362:
1353:
1327:
1297:
1280:911 Signal USA
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1185:
1182:
1157:
1154:
1128:
1125:
1107:
1104:
969:bucket brigade
914:
911:
910:
909:
896:
889:
887:
877:
870:
868:
862:
855:
853:
844:
837:
835:
821:
814:
810:
809:
806:
801:
798:
793:
788:
782:
779:
773:
768:
767:Other vehicles
765:
745:fire retardant
693:Main article:
690:
687:
648:
645:
595:Main article:
592:
589:
555:
554:Platform truck
552:
507:
504:
489:ground ladders
432:
429:
423:
420:
416:drafting water
352:
351:
341:
334:
332:
322:
315:
313:
302:
295:
293:
287:
280:
276:
273:
271:
268:
179:
176:
89:(also spelled
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3010:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Template:Fire
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:United States
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Saint Florian
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:Miscellaneous
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Fire triangle
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Dead man zone
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Heat detector
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1648:on 1 May 2015
1644:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1310:Fire Rescue 1
1307:
1301:
1298:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1156:Early aerials
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:fire hydrants
1138:
1133:
1127:Early pumpers
1126:
1124:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:New York City
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
964:
959:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
924:
919:
912:
907:
903:
900:
893:
888:
885:
881:
874:
869:
866:
859:
854:
851:
847:
841:
836:
832:
828:
825:
818:
813:
807:
805:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
706:
701:
696:
688:
686:
683:
681:
675:
672:
665:
661:
658:
653:
646:
644:
641:
636:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
612:
608:
607:International
603:
598:
590:
588:
586:
581:
579:
575:
567:
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2993:Fire engines
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2922:
2831:Ancient Rome
2805:Hotshot crew
2790:Fire lookout
2689:Fire flapper
2480:Fire control
2445:Chimney fire
2331:Halligan bar
2306:Fire shelter
2291:Fire hydrant
2266:Fire blanket
2261:Escape chair
2238:Water tender
2197:
2165:Fire station
2092:Fire marshal
2072:Fire captain
2046:Firefighting
2009:Fire engines
1982:
1972:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1940:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1908:
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1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1824:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1793:
1789:
1779:
1769:24 September
1767:. Retrieved
1765:. Sala Brand
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1737:Ferrara Fire
1736:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1710:
1704:
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1675:the original
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1643:the original
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1610:Ferrara Fire
1609:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1586:. Fire Chief
1583:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1522:. Retrieved
1518:the original
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
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1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:the original
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1426:. Retrieved
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1371:(in Finnish)
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1344:. Retrieved
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1309:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:the original
1279:
1174:World War II
1171:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1150:Steam pumper
1142:
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1077:
1070:
1065:steam pumper
1062:
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973:Philadelphia
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958:Hans Hautsch
955:
935:fire syringe
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928:
922:
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671:water tender
668:
662:used by the
660:water tender
647:Water tender
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585:articulating
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571:
568:fire brigade
557:
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541:
526:
509:
506:Tiller truck
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369:jaws of life
357:water rescue
353:
311:fire service
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167:
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135:
115:firefighting
107:firefighters
90:
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54:
2824:By location
2810:Smokejumper
2667:and tactics
2545:Ventilation
2485:Fire safety
2470:False alarm
2427:Terminology
2377:PASS device
2351:Hose bridge
2341:Hazmat suit
2276:Fire bucket
2256:Bunker gear
2198:Fire engine
2143:Drill tower
2097:Fire police
1684:30 December
1320:23 February
1240: [
1000:Thomas Lote
880:Dennis Dart
785:Fire police
459:telescoping
404:preconnects
373:floodlights
245:lime yellow
186:Front of a
164:fire engine
83:fire engine
63:Scania P280
2987:Categories
2856:Washington
2851:California
2719:Fire trail
2665:Equipment
2505:Flash fire
2475:Fire class
2455:Deluge gun
2392:Rotary saw
2362:Kelly tool
2326:Fog nozzle
2170:Hose tower
2136:Facilities
2077:Fire chief
1956:24 October
1825:FireRescue
1492:"Glossary"
1256:References
1121:pike poles
763:involved.
741:twin agent
721:aerodromes
578:rappelling
400:hose lines
396:deluge gun
256:paramedics
168:fire truck
162:The terms
119:fire drill
87:fire truck
2836:Australia
2783:Personnel
2744:Hose pack
2724:Firebreak
2704:Fire rake
2694:Fire hose
2684:Driptorch
2636:Wildfires
2566:Fire camp
2510:Flashover
2440:Barn fire
2435:Backdraft
2286:Fire hose
2248:Equipment
2180:Apparatus
1934:(2): 202.
1763:"Tankbil"
1652:5 January
1498:5 January
1232:NFPA 1901
1033:Edinburgh
1004:hand tubs
986:By 1730,
956:In 1650,
747:(such as
485:fire hose
467:pneumatic
463:hydraulic
452:turntable
377:fire hose
309:Södertörn
241:air horns
233:lightbars
91:firetruck
77:, England
75:Yorkshire
2947:Glossary
2923:Category
2892:See also
2800:Helitack
2795:Handcrew
2525:Rollover
2500:Firewall
2208:Fireboat
2107:Handcrew
1894:Archived
1866:133–141.
1835:17 March
1804:17 March
1747:18 March
1717:18 March
1620:17 March
1590:16 March
1554:16 March
1428:19 March
1392:17 March
1387:WiseGeek
1290:17 March
1184:See also
923:hand tub
777:Fire car
761:jet fuel
749:Purple-K
737:monitors
725:aircraft
566:Roskilde
196:shackles
149:equipped
2971:Outline
2935:Commons
2846:History
2759:Pulaski
2644:General
2382:The pig
1524:19 June
1476:17 July
1454:17 July
1346:26 July
1047:in 1818
1035:in 1824
913:History
827:kei car
705:Oshkosh
500:Magirus
478:monitor
361:ladders
229:beacons
213:chevron
141:chassis
95:vehicle
93:) is a
2749:McLeod
2611:Muster
1342:. 2014
1172:After
1137:Sydney
1023:truck.
977:Boston
931:squirt
899:Marder
729:runway
580:arms.
548:quints
305:Scania
237:sirens
231:" or "
221:rescue
157:sirens
2959:Index
2867:Lists
2465:Draft
2407:Siren
2367:Nomex
2228:Quint
1678:(PDF)
1671:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
1639:(PDF)
1244:]
1073:Paris
657:Isuzu
493:quint
441:Iveco
270:Types
192:winch
151:with
111:water
99:truck
2153:list
1988:p.44
1958:2011
1837:2015
1806:2015
1771:2020
1749:2015
1719:2015
1686:2013
1654:2014
1622:2015
1592:2015
1556:2015
1526:2017
1500:2014
1478:2019
1456:2019
1430:2015
1394:2015
1348:2021
1322:2018
1292:2015
787:unit
733:foam
529:hook
344:Howo
325:Ural
260:EMTs
239:and
217:fire
166:and
155:and
125:and
109:and
41:and
1713:(8)
1711:165
1424:(4)
1422:153
1094:of
1086:of
933:or
723:in
715:An
703:An
655:An
605:An
516:An
465:or
439:An
410:or
371:),
323:An
262:to
258:or
219:or
188:MAN
85:or
69:in
2989::
1930:,
1926:,
1823:.
1794:19
1792:.
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1582:.
1564:^
1534:^
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1338:.
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1242:de
1098:.
945:.
897:A
878:A
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616:A
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387:.
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363:,
342:A
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81:A
73:,
61:A
2038:e
2031:t
2024:v
1960:.
1932:7
1853:f
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52:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
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