43:
429:, and that this was the principal reason that Saladin dispatched Turanshah to conquer the region. While this is likely, it also appears 'Umara had considerable influence on Turanshah's desire to conquer Yemen and may have been the one who pushed him to gain Saladin's approval to use such a large part of the military forces in Egypt when the showdown with Nur al-Din seemed to be so near. Turanshah's departure from Egypt did not bode well for his adviser, 'Umara, however, as the poet found himself caught up in an alleged conspiracy against Saladin and was executed.
408:, requesting an armistice with Turanshah. Apparently eager for conquest, he was unwilling to accept the offer until his own emissary had visited the King of Nubia and reported that the entire country was poor and not worth occupying. Although the Ayyubids would be forced to take future actions against the Nubians, Turanshah set his sights on more lucrative territories. He managed to acquire considerable wealth in Egypt after his campaign against Nubia, bringing back with him many Nubian and
309:, allowed Turanshah to travel to Egypt to join his brother, at a time of rising tensions between Nur al-Din and Saladin. Nur al-Din empowered Turanshah to supervise Saladin, hoping to provoke dissension between the brothers. However, this attempt failed as Turanshah was immediately granted an immense amount of land by Saladin who was in the process of rebuilding the power structure of the
389:. After the Fatimids were deposed, tensions rose as Nubian raids against Egyptian border towns grew bolder ultimately leading to the siege of the valuable city of Aswan by former Black Fatimid soldiers in late 1172-early 1173. The governor of Aswan, a former Fatimid loyalist, requested help from Saladin.
359:
died and the
Ayyubid dynasty gained official control of Egypt. A number of accusations of murder against Turanshah arose following the caliph's death. According to a eunuch in the service of al-Adid's widow, al-Adid died after hearing that Turanshah was in the palace looking for him. In another
468:. Turanshah then devoted much of his time to securing the whole of southern Yemen and bringing it firmly under the control of the Ayyubids. Although al-Wahid managed to escape Yemen through its northern highlands, Yasir, the head of the
420:
Following his success in Nubia, Turanshah still sought to establish a personal holding for himself while
Saladin was facing an ever-increasing amount of pressure from Nur ad-Din who seemed to be attempting invading Egypt.
489:. Saladin rewarded him rich estates in Yemen as his personal property. Turanshah did not feel comfortable in Yemen however, and repeatedly asked his brother to transfer him. In 1176, he obtained a transfer to
476:
rulers of Zabid shared the same fate. Turanshah's conquest held great significance for Yemen which was previously divided into three states (Sana'a, Zabid, and Aden) and was united by the
Ayyubid occupation.
360:
version, Turanshah is said to have killed al-Adid himself after the latter refused to reveal the location of state treasures that were hidden in the palace. After the caliph's death, Turanshah settled in
505:
in 1178. Upon leaving Yemen, the administrator of his estates there was unable to promptly transfer the revenue from his properties to
Turanshah. Instead, he left Turanshah behind roughly 200,000
751:
The Age of the
Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517. 1 ed. A History of the Near East. 2, The Age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517
344:
staged in 1169 by the Black
African garrisons of the Fatimid army. Turanshah attempted to restructure the Egyptian army so that its top positions composed only of ethnic
1291:
355:, who had been a power player in Fatimid politics before Saladin's ascendancy to the vizierate in 1169. On September 11, 1171, the last Fatimid caliph
822:
404:
and began to conduct a series of raids against the
Nubians. His attacks appear to have been highly successful, resulting in the Nubian king based in
1200:
1276:
1271:
700:
1281:
1225:
954:
782:
1220:
1125:
949:
352:
485:
Although
Turanshah had succeeded in acquiring his own territory in Yemen, he had clearly done so at the expense of his power in
1296:
901:
866:
726:
1266:
815:
385:
The
Nubians and Egyptians had long been engaged in a series of skirmishes along the border region of the two countries in
1045:
42:
17:
1286:
1235:
929:
379:
808:
547:
252:
113:
715:
Encyclopaedia of Islam: A Dictionary of the
Geography, Ethnography, and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples,
422:
1175:
1090:
831:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1261:
1165:
1070:
1030:
964:
891:
341:
1170:
400:, but the Nubian soldiers had already departed. Nonetheless, Turanshah conquered the Nubian town of
1160:
141:
425:, Saladin's aide, suggested that there was a heretical leader in Yemen who was claiming to be the
1065:
267:
where he died in 1180. He is noted for strengthening the position of his younger brother, Sultan
1180:
939:
1135:
1130:
1100:
1040:
788:
778:
722:
709:
498:
453:
291:
214:
1301:
994:
532:
298:
835:
542:
472:
Banu Karam tribe that had ruled Aden was arrested and executed on Turanshah's orders. The
248:
240:
204:
1240:
1230:
1120:
1005:
989:
969:
959:
944:
896:
886:
861:
393:
306:
1255:
1210:
999:
514:
449:
102:
772:
713:
509:
in debt, but this was paid off by Saladin. In 1179, he was transferred to govern
233:
Shams ad-Din Turanshah ibn Ayyub al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Shams ad-Dawla Fakhr ad-Din
190:
Shams ad-Din Turanshah ibn Ayyub al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Shams ad-Dawla Fakhr ad-Din
800:
758:
The chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the crusading period from al-Kamil fi'l-tarikh
445:
386:
329:
224:
161:
1215:
1111:
1035:
881:
510:
409:
401:
264:
157:
57:
934:
871:
792:
461:
465:
457:
1095:
915:
876:
494:
256:
172:
1191:
1025:
924:
856:
537:
519:
513:
and died soon after on June 27, 1180. His body was taken by his sister
502:
473:
426:
405:
356:
333:
310:
294:
287:
268:
260:
199:
76:
980:
843:
302:
1146:
847:
506:
490:
486:
460:
after the latter's army was weakened by continuous raids from the
441:
433:
397:
361:
345:
337:
325:
276:
272:
760:. Translated by D.S. Richards. Vol. 2, Burlington: Ashgate, 2008.
1056:
1016:
911:
739:. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.
469:
437:
366:
351:
Turanshah developed a close relationship with the poet courtier
315:
109:
72:
53:
804:
321:
275:
and playing the leading role in the Ayyubid conquests of both
432:
Turanshah set out in 1174 and quickly conquered the town of
340:. Turanshah was the main force behind the suppression of a
320:
or "fief" given to Turanshah comprised the major cities of
564:
562:
701:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936
1189:
1144:
1109:
1054:
1014:
978:
910:
842:
220:
210:
198:
184:
167:
151:
147:
137:
127:
119:
108:
98:
90:
82:
71:
63:
52:
28:
16:"Turanshah" redirects here. For other uses, see
816:
698:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor and Wensinck, A.J.
452:) later that year. In 1175, he drove out the
392:Saladin dispatched Turanshah with a force of
8:
313:state around himself and his relatives. The
767:. D.S. Richards. Burlington: Ashgate, 2001.
753:. P.M. Holt. New York: Longman Group, 1986.
823:
809:
801:
682:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
364:in a quarter formerly occupied by Fatimid
41:
25:
763:Baha al-Din Yusuf ibn Rafi ibn Shaddad.
721:, Leiden: E.J. Brill, pp. 543β544,
765:A Rare and Excellent History of Saladin
558:
1292:Generals of the medieval Islamic world
436:in May and the strategic port city of
181:
7:
670:
658:
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
568:
244:
14:
737:Saladin: the Sultan and His Times
777:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
744:The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
440:(a crucial link in trade with
247:) (died 27 June 1180) was the
1:
649:Houtsma and Wensinck, p.884.
456:sultan, Ali ibn Hatim, from
1277:12th-century Ayyubid rulers
1272:12th-century Kurdish people
746:. London: Saqi Books, 1984.
708:Sobernheim, Moritz (1913),
1318:
523:built by her in Damascus.
18:Turanshah (disambiguation)
15:
1282:Ayyubid emirs of Damascus
756:Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir.
717:1st ed., Vol. I
189:
180:
40:
33:
548:Islamic history of Yemen
263:(1178β1179) and finally
1096:al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida
493:which he governed from
423:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
1297:Ayyubid emirs of Yemen
1236:SaΚΏd al-Din al-Humaidi
1091:al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
867:al-Mansur Nasir al-Din
517:to be buried beside a
29:Shams ad-Din Turanshah
1086:al-Mansur II Muhammad
1081:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
1076:al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
515:Sitt al-Sham Zumurrud
47:Turan Shah Dinar Aden
1267:12th-century Muslims
1176:al-Muzaffar Sulaiman
1071:al-Mansur I Muhammad
1031:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
965:al-Muazzam Turanshah
892:al-Muazzam Turanshah
771:Lev, Yaacov (1999).
35:Al-Malik al-Mu'azzam
23:Al-Malik al-Mu'azzam
1161:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
1026:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
501:'s old fief around
497:. He also received
142:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
132:Emirate established
1066:al-Muzaffar I Umar
481:Transfers of power
396:troops to relieve
374:Military campaigns
290:was vizier to the
1249:
1248:
1136:al-Kamil Muhammad
1131:al-Muzaffar Ghazi
1101:al-Afdal Muhammad
1041:al-Mansur Ibrahim
735:Mohring, Hannes.
683:Sobernheim (1913)
595:, pp. 88β89.
571:, pp. 96β97.
416:Conquest of Yemen
380:Conquest of Nubia
251:emir (prince) of
245:ΨͺΩΨ±Ψ§Ω Ψ΄Ψ§Ω Ψ¨Ω Ψ£ΩΩΨ¨
230:
229:
215:Najm ad-Din Ayyub
194:
193:
1309:
1287:History of Nubia
995:al-Aziz Muhammad
825:
818:
811:
802:
796:
774:Saladin in Egypt
731:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
647:
632:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
533:Nur ad-Din Zangi
299:Nur al-Din Zengi
283:Arrival in Egypt
246:
235:known simply as
182:
45:
26:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1226:as-Salih Ismail
1201:Ibn al-Muqaddam
1185:
1181:al-Mas'ud Yusuf
1166:al-Muizz Ismail
1147:Yemen and Hejaz
1140:
1105:
1050:
1010:
974:
955:as-Salih Ismail
940:al-Mu'azzam Isa
906:
838:
836:Ayyubid dynasty
829:
799:
785:
770:
742:Maalouf, Amin.
729:
707:
694:
689:
681:
677:
669:
665:
657:
653:
648:
635:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
560:
556:
543:Ayyubid dynasty
529:
483:
418:
383:
376:
353:Umara al-Yamani
332:as well as the
285:
176:
156:
94:Ibn al-Muqaddam
48:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1241:an-Nasir Yusuf
1238:
1233:
1231:as-Salih Ayyub
1228:
1223:
1221:al-Ashraf Musa
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1171:an-Nasir Ayyub
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:al-Ashraf Musa
1123:
1121:al-Awhad Ayyub
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1046:al-Ashraf Musa
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1006:an-Nasir Yusuf
1003:
997:
992:
990:az-Zahir Ghazi
986:
984:
976:
975:
973:
972:
970:an-Nasir Yusuf
967:
962:
960:as-Salih Ayyub
957:
952:
950:al-Ashraf Musa
947:
945:an-Nasir Dawud
942:
937:
932:
927:
921:
919:
908:
907:
905:
904:
902:al-Ashraf Musa
899:
897:Shajar al-Durr
894:
889:
887:as-Salih Ayyub
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
862:al-Aziz Uthman
859:
853:
851:
840:
839:
830:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
798:
797:
783:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
727:
705:
704:. BRILL, 1993.
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:
675:
663:
651:
633:
631:, p. 100.
621:
619:, p. 111.
609:
597:
585:
583:, p. 115.
573:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
528:
525:
482:
479:
417:
414:
382:
377:
375:
372:
292:Fatimid caliph
284:
281:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
178:
177:
171:
169:
165:
164:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
31:
30:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
982:
977:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
920:
917:
913:
909:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
806:
803:
794:
790:
786:
784:90-04-11221-9
780:
776:
775:
769:
766:
762:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
730:
724:
720:
719:
716:
711:
706:
703:
702:
697:
696:
691:
684:
679:
676:
673:, p. 89.
672:
667:
664:
661:, p. 88.
660:
655:
652:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
618:
613:
610:
607:, p. 83.
606:
601:
598:
594:
589:
586:
582:
577:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
526:
524:
522:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
381:
378:
373:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:(1176β1179),
258:
255:(1174β1176),
254:
250:
242:
238:
234:
226:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
201:
197:
188:
183:
179:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
1205:
1155:
1000:Dayfa Khatun
773:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
718:
714:
699:
692:Bibliography
678:
666:
654:
624:
612:
600:
588:
576:
518:
484:
450:North Africa
431:
419:
391:
384:
365:
350:
314:
297:. In 1171,
286:
236:
232:
231:
155:27 June 1180
131:
103:Farrukh Shah
34:
1262:1180 deaths
1211:Farrukhshah
1194:(1175β1260)
1149:(1173β1228)
1114:(1180β1260)
1059:(1175β1341)
1019:(1175β1262)
983:(1177β1260)
918:(1174β1260)
850:(1171β1250)
749:Holt, P.M.
446:Middle East
387:Upper Egypt
330:Upper Egypt
279:and Yemen.
225:Sunni Islam
128:Predecessor
91:Predecessor
1256:Categories
1216:Bahramshah
1206:Turan-Shah
1156:Turan-Shah
1112:Diyar Bakr
1036:al-Mujahid
882:al-Adil II
728:9004082654
554:References
511:Alexandria
499:his father
464:tribes of
305:Sultan of
265:Alexandria
158:Alexandria
58:Alexandria
1190:Emirs of
1145:Emirs of
1110:Emirs of
1055:Emirs of
1015:Emirs of
979:Emirs of
935:al-Adil I
872:al-Adil I
710:"Baalbek"
410:Christian
237:Turanshah
138:Successor
123:1174β1176
99:Successor
86:1178β1179
1002:(regent)
930:al-Afdal
916:Damascus
877:al-Kamil
793:39633589
671:Lev 1999
659:Lev 1999
629:Lev 1999
617:Lev 1999
605:Lev 1999
593:Lev 1999
581:Lev 1999
569:Lev 1999
527:See also
495:Damascus
454:Hamdanid
412:slaves.
336:port of
257:Damascus
221:Religion
173:Damascus
1302:Saladin
1192:Baalbek
925:Saladin
857:Saladin
844:Sultans
834:of the
538:Saladin
520:madrasa
503:Baalbek
427:messiah
406:Dongola
394:Kurdish
357:al-Adid
334:Red Sea
311:Fatimid
295:al-Adid
288:Saladin
269:Saladin
261:Baalbek
249:Ayyubid
205:Ayyubid
200:Dynasty
175:, Syria
77:Baalbek
981:Aleppo
832:Rulers
791:
781:
725:
507:dinars
474:Mahdid
466:Sa'dah
458:Sana'a
448:, and
444:, the
342:revolt
303:Zengid
301:, the
241:Arabic
211:Father
168:Burial
912:Emirs
848:Egypt
491:Syria
487:Cairo
462:Zaidi
442:India
434:Zabid
402:Ibrim
398:Aswan
367:emirs
362:Cairo
346:Kurds
338:Aidab
326:Aswan
307:Syria
277:Nubia
273:Egypt
271:, in
253:Yemen
185:Names
162:Egypt
120:Reign
114:Yemen
83:Reign
64:Reign
1057:Hama
1017:Homs
789:OCLC
779:ISBN
723:ISBN
470:Shia
438:Aden
324:and
316:iqta
152:Died
110:Emir
73:Emir
67:1180
54:Emir
914:of
846:of
328:in
322:Qus
112:of
75:of
56:of
1258::
787:.
712:,
636:^
561:^
370:.
348:.
243::
160:,
824:e
817:t
810:v
795:.
732:.
685:.
318:'
239:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
