128:
230:
24:
220:
that uses turbo-compounding. The engines use a single turbocharger that is connected to an electric motor/generator called the MGU-H. The MGU-H uses a turbine to drive a generator, converting waste heat from the exhaust into electrical energy that is either stored in a battery or sent directly to an
118:
By the late-war era, turbine development had improved dramatically and led to a new turbine design known as the "blowdown turbine" or "power-recovery turbine". This design extracts energy from the momentum of the moving exhaust, but does not appreciably increase back-pressure. This means it does not
106:
Through the late 1930s and early 1940s one solution to this problem was the introduction of "jet stack" exhaust manifolds. These were simply short sections of metal pipe attached to the exhaust ports, shaped so that they would interact with the airstream to produce a jet of air that produced forward
98:
that could be used for propulsion if extracted. A turbine is often used to extract energy from such a stream of gases. A conventional gas turbine is fed high-pressure, high-velocity air, extracts energy from it, and leaves as a lower-pressure, slower-moving stream. This action has the side-effect of
189:
were constructed but none was developed beyond the prototype stage. It was realized in many cases the power produced by the simple turbine was approaching that of the enormously complex and maintenance-intensive piston engine to which it was attached. As a result, turbo-compound aero engines were
313:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for Formula 1. Unlike its contemporaries, still uses a wastegate as an emergency measure to control boost pressure in case the turbo-compounding with the MGU-H fails.
701:
169:, while recovering about 550 hp (410 kW) at METO (maximum continuous except for take-off) power. In the case of the R-3350, maintenance crews sometimes nicknamed the turbine the
772:
149:
Blowdown turbines became relatively common features in the late- and post-war era, especially for engines designed for long overwater flights. Turbo-compounding was used on several
719:
99:
increasing the upstream pressure, which makes it undesirable for use with a piston engine as it increases the back-pressure in the engine, which decreases scavenging of the
728:
With 440 hp, the new version of Scania's 12-litre turbocompound engine is suitable for Alpine terrain, as well as normal
European long-haul and construction operations.
452:
146:. This was used primarily to drive a geared centrifugal supercharger, although it was also coupled to the crankshaft and gave an extra 15 to 35 percent fuel economy.
165:. The exhaust restriction imparted by the three blowdown turbines used on the Wright R-3350 is equal to a well-designed jet stack system used on a conventional
119:
have the undesirable effects of conventional designs when connected to the exhaust of a piston engine, and a number of manufacturers began studying the design.
74:, the ratio of fuel use to power. Turbo-compounding was used for commercial airliners and similar long-range, long-endurance roles before the introduction of
55:, the energy is instead sent to the output shaft to increase the total power delivered by the engine. The turbine is usually mechanically connected to the
765:
344:
705:
535:
71:
758:
1327:
83:
883:
469:
1312:
201:
Some modern heavy truck diesel manufacturers have incorporated turbo-compounding into their designs. Examples include the
976:
903:
348:
243:
162:
131:
60:
799:
503:
602:
233:
Diagram showing a true turbo-compound at the bottom, and a gas turbine loosely coupled to a piston engine at the top
1322:
1053:
893:
477:. Wood Ridge New Jersey: Curtiss-Wright Corporation:Wright Aeronautical Division. October 1956. Archived from
1332:
405:
633:
1317:
1048:
1003:
913:
846:
310:
298:
1038:
1033:
1013:
938:
898:
888:
841:
836:
571:
545:
446:
1043:
1023:
1018:
1008:
986:
928:
819:
814:
781:
361:
40:
1277:
1101:
1028:
923:
873:
264:
217:
182:
684:
127:
1096:
966:
961:
918:
856:
103:
from the cylinders and thereby lowers the efficiency of the piston portion of a compound engine.
229:
1086:
971:
956:
933:
723:
641:
610:
579:
540:
426:
178:
143:
667:
1076:
1071:
323:
67:
750:
1091:
1081:
995:
948:
851:
273:
112:
52:
252:
861:
365:
284:
238:
202:
186:
94:
Most piston engines produce a hot exhaust that still contains considerable undeveloped
1306:
1272:
1262:
1119:
908:
826:
785:
740:
478:
339:
327:
269:
174:
166:
135:
79:
63:, but electric and hydraulic power recovery systems have been investigated as well.
804:
531:
395:
390:
385:
257:
158:
154:
108:
48:
28:
47:
to recover energy from the exhaust gases. Instead of using that energy to drive a
173:
due to its negative effect on engine reliability. Turbo-compound versions of the
1063:
868:
809:
400:
294:
213:
100:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1151:
1139:
878:
831:
514:
331:
56:
31:
engine. The power-recovery turbine sits underneath a two-stroke diesel engine.
142:
The first aircraft engine to be tested with a power-recovery turbine was the
1221:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1129:
1124:
206:
191:
23:
1287:
1282:
1267:
1246:
1241:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1111:
380:
195:
150:
75:
318:
305:
115:
to recover heat from the radiator system to provide additional thrust.
44:
655:
in its hey-day, the Connie was often called the world's best tri-motor
95:
356:
228:
126:
22:
754:
364:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for Formula 1 for the
326:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for Formula 1 for the
297:: Soviet-built 42 cylinder diesel naval engine used in the
272:: The turbo-compound version was the only turbo-compound
603:"Ten Ideas That Failed: 2 Turbo-compound Piston Engine"
78:
engines. Examples using the Duplex-Cyclone include the
18:
Reciprocating engine combined with a blowdown turbine
1255:
1202:
1110:
1062:
994:
985:
947:
792:
536:"Napier Nomad: An engine of outstanding efficiency"
720:"Scania produces 4 ECO-point engine from Oct 2001"
86:, while other designs did not see production use.
511:New Zealand Rolls-Royce & Bentley Club Inc
766:
347:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for
8:
451:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
425:Stimson, Thomas E., Junior (February 1956).
276:to see mass production and widespread usage.
216:switched to a new 1.6 liter turbocharged V6
66:As this recovery process does not increase
991:
773:
759:
751:
221:electric motor in the car's powertrain.
417:
444:
471:Facts about the Wright Turbo Compound
7:
464:
462:
70:, it has the effect of reducing the
84:Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
570:E. E. Chatterton (22 April 1954).
504:"Rolls-Royce and the Sleeve Valve"
14:
572:"Napier Diesels: An RAeS Lecture"
349:Mercedes-Benz Formula 1 programme
111:introduction was the use of the
513:(7–3): 15. 2007. Archived from
212:Starting with the 2014 season,
722:. Scania Group. Archived from
704:. Scania Group. Archived from
1:
741:"The Turbo Compounding Boost"
132:Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
61:Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
51:as found in many high-power
427:"The Race of the Airliners"
1349:
1328:Internal combustion engine
544:: 543–551. Archived from
209:in production from 1991.
72:specific fuel consumption
406:Electric turbo-compound
1313:Turbo-compound engines
914:Single-acting cylinder
847:Double-acting cylinder
702:"Scania Turbocompound"
299:Osa-class missile boat
234:
171:parts recovery turbine
139:
32:
782:Engine configurations
232:
130:
37:turbo-compound engine
26:
884:Oscillating cylinder
41:reciprocating engine
977:Two-and four-stroke
879:Intake over exhaust
708:on 30 January 2010.
520:on 6 December 2010.
484:on 16 February 2010
265:Wright Aeronautical
190:soon supplanted by
183:Rolls-Royce Griffon
726:on 7 August 2011.
614:. 16 December 2003
235:
140:
33:
1323:Engine technology
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
996:Inline / straight
894:Overhead camshaft
690:. Detroit Diesel.
673:. Detroit Diesel.
534:(30 April 1954).
431:Popular Mechanics
311:Renault Energy F1
179:Rolls-Royce Crecy
144:Rolls-Royce Crecy
1340:
992:
987:Cylinder layouts
775:
768:
761:
752:
745:
744:
737:
731:
730:
716:
710:
709:
698:
692:
691:
689:
681:
675:
674:
672:
664:
658:
657:
652:
650:
638:
634:"Super Survivor"
630:
624:
623:
621:
619:
607:
599:
593:
592:
590:
588:
576:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
550:
528:
522:
521:
519:
508:
500:
494:
493:
491:
489:
483:
476:
466:
457:
456:
450:
442:
440:
438:
422:
157:, including the
107:thrust. Another
68:fuel consumption
53:aircraft engines
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1251:
1198:
1106:
1058:
981:
943:
788:
779:
749:
748:
739:
738:
734:
718:
717:
713:
700:
699:
695:
687:
685:"DD15 Brochure"
683:
682:
678:
670:
666:
665:
661:
648:
646:
636:
632:
631:
627:
617:
615:
605:
601:
600:
596:
586:
584:
574:
569:
568:
564:
554:
552:
551:on 5 March 2016
548:
530:
529:
525:
517:
506:
502:
501:
497:
487:
485:
481:
474:
468:
467:
460:
443:
436:
434:
424:
423:
419:
414:
377:
330:as well as the
227:
134:Turbo-Compound
125:
113:Meredith effect
92:
43:that employs a
19:
12:
11:
5:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1333:Piston engines
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
989:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Overhead valve
896:
891:
889:Opposed-piston
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
865:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
823:
822:
817:
807:
802:
796:
794:
790:
789:
786:piston engines
780:
778:
777:
770:
763:
755:
747:
746:
732:
711:
693:
676:
659:
645:. 18 June 1997
625:
594:
562:
523:
495:
458:
416:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
376:
373:
372:
371:
370:
369:
366:McLaren MP4-30
354:
353:
352:
345:Mercedes PU106
337:
336:
335:
316:
315:
314:
303:
302:
301:
289:
288:
287:
285:Dobrynin VD-4K
279:
278:
277:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
247:
246:
239:Detroit Diesel
226:
223:
203:Detroit Diesel
187:Allison V-1710
153:engines after
124:
121:
91:
88:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1345:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Turbochargers
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
990:
988:
984:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
950:
949:Stroke cycles
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
776:
771:
769:
764:
762:
757:
756:
753:
742:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
715:
712:
707:
703:
697:
694:
686:
680:
677:
669:
663:
660:
656:
644:
643:
635:
629:
626:
613:
612:
604:
598:
595:
582:
581:
573:
566:
563:
547:
543:
542:
537:
533:
532:Gunston, Bill
527:
524:
516:
512:
505:
499:
496:
480:
473:
472:
465:
463:
459:
454:
448:
432:
428:
421:
418:
411:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
374:
367:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
350:
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:Mercedes-Benz
338:
333:
329:
328:Ferrari F14 T
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
300:
296:
293:
292:
290:
286:
283:
282:
280:
275:
271:
270:Wright R-3350
268:
267:
266:
263:
259:
256:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:
225:List of types
224:
222:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:Napier Deltic
172:
168:
167:radial engine
164:
163:Wright R-3350
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
137:
136:radial engine
133:
129:
122:
120:
116:
114:
110:
104:
102:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
80:Douglas DC-7B
77:
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
25:
21:
16:
1278:Split-single
1064:Flat / boxer
924:Swing-piston
735:
727:
724:the original
714:
706:the original
696:
679:
662:
654:
647:. Retrieved
640:
628:
616:. Retrieved
609:
597:
585:. Retrieved
578:
565:
553:. Retrieved
546:the original
539:
526:
515:the original
510:
498:
486:. Retrieved
479:the original
470:
447:cite journal
435:. Retrieved
430:
420:
396:Turbocharger
391:Cogeneration
386:Turbosteamer
362:Honda RA615H
258:Napier Nomad
211:
200:
170:
159:Napier Nomad
155:World War II
148:
141:
117:
109:World War II
105:
93:
65:
59:, as on the
49:turbocharger
36:
34:
29:Napier Nomad
20:
15:
967:Five-stroke
962:Four-stroke
919:Split cycle
857:Free-piston
800:Atmospheric
649:19 February
618:19 February
587:19 February
555:19 February
488:19 February
437:19 February
401:Gas turbine
324:Ferrari 059
295:Zvezda M503
274:aero-engine
214:Formula One
101:exhaust gas
1307:Categories
972:Six-stroke
957:Two-stroke
874:Heron head
832:Cam engine
412:References
332:Sauber C33
57:crankshaft
433:: 113–118
281:Dobrynin
205:DD15 and
198:engines.
192:turboprop
904:Pentroof
852:Flathead
842:Compound
820:Rotative
381:Motorjet
375:See also
196:turbojet
161:and the
151:airplane
76:turbojet
1112:V / Vee
929:Uniflow
862:Stelzer
837:Camless
815:Cornish
743:. 2007.
671:(video)
319:Ferrari
306:Renault
291:Zvezda
218:formula
123:History
90:Concept
45:turbine
1273:Radial
1263:Deltic
909:Rotary
827:Bourke
668:"DD15"
642:Flight
611:Flight
580:Flight
541:Flight
253:Napier
207:Scania
185:, and
96:energy
1256:Other
939:Wedge
805:Axial
688:(PDF)
637:(PDF)
606:(PDF)
583:: 552
575:(PDF)
549:(PDF)
518:(PDF)
507:(PDF)
482:(PDF)
475:(PDF)
357:Honda
39:is a
934:Watt
869:Hemi
810:Beam
793:Type
784:for
651:2010
620:2010
589:2010
557:2010
490:2016
453:link
439:2016
244:DD15
194:and
82:and
27:The
1247:W30
1242:W24
1237:W18
1232:W16
1227:W12
1194:V24
1189:V20
1184:V18
1179:V16
1174:V14
1169:V12
1164:V10
1152:VR6
1140:VR5
1102:F16
1097:F12
1092:F10
1054:I14
1049:I12
1309::
1222:W8
1217:W6
1212:W3
1159:V8
1147:V6
1135:V5
1130:V4
1125:V3
1120:V2
1087:F8
1082:F6
1077:F4
1072:F2
1044:I9
1039:I8
1034:I7
1029:I6
1024:I5
1019:I4
1014:I3
1009:I2
1004:I1
653:.
639:.
608:.
577:.
538:.
509:.
461:^
449:}}
445:{{
429:.
181:,
177:,
35:A
1288:X
1283:U
1268:H
1204:W
774:e
767:t
760:v
622:.
591:.
559:.
492:.
455:)
441:.
368:.
351:.
334:.
138:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
