1109:, but they refused. Soon the Shah's troops approached the Orbeti fortress, but were unable to take it and moved towards the Kojori fortress. The defenders of the Kojori fortress abandoned it at night. The Shah's troops, having destroyed the fortress, moved to Tbilisi. The Shah's troops, having besieged Tbilisi, sent a detachment of 1,500 horsemen and other soldiers to devastate the surrounding area of Orbeti. Following them was an army of Kartlians led by Sulkhan Baratashvili. They quickly caught up with the detachment and defeated it. Merab Baratashvili managed to capture a relative of the Shah. Having learned about the destruction of the detachment, the Shah's troops once again lifted the siege of Tbilisi and withdrew from Kartli. After the departure of the Shah's troops, king Constantine exterminated the nomads in the vicinity, and also destroyed the fortresses of Agdzhakala and Kaoziani.
374:
278:
267:
256:
245:
215:
204:
110:
122:
172:
133:
309:
300:
42:
1925:
341:
330:
319:
184:
289:
158:
234:
146:
1050:
to
Georgia to build the fortresses of Kaoziani and Agdzhakala. Having learned about this, Constantine sent his troops led by Sulkhan Baratashvili to Khalil beg. Sulkhan defeated the troops of Khalil Beg. Then the Shah sent a huge army to Georgia, which immediately besieged
1059:
and sent
Kaikhosro Tsitsishvili and Javakh Javakhashvili to help Baratashvili. Having united Tsitsishvili, Javakhishvili and Baratashvili attacked the Shahâs troops at Chandari. A battle took place near Chandari which ended in complete victory for the
1064:. Having learned about the defeat of the army at Chandari, the Shah's troops lifted the siege of Tbilisi. Tsitsishvili, Javakhishvili and Baratashvili rushed after them, caught up with them and beat them badly. After Constantine left Imereti,
851:
and subsequent enfeeblement of the
Kingdom of Georgia, it soon faced a new threat. Timur's death in 1405 marked the beginning of the end of his Empire, unified only by fear and blood of the subjected peoples. Turkomans, particularly the
1011:, their kin tribesmen who formed another confederation, which was similar in many ways to its predecessor. Aq Qoyunlu Turkomans naturally took advantage of the Georgian fragmentation. Georgia was at least twice attacked by
903:, in which he was defeated and taken captive. In captivity Constantine behaved very proudly, which infuriated Qara Yusuf to such an extent, that he ordered his, his half-brother David's and 300 Georgian nobles' execution.
1006:
As a result of foreign and internal struggles, unified
Kingdom of Georgia ceased to exist after 1466 and was subdivided into several political units. The Qara Qoyunlu tribal confederation was destroyed by
868:, ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu, defeated Shah Rukh, captured Baghdad, and repulsed Timurids from western Persia. After they established themselves as the new leading power in the middle east.
1391:
1535:
2597:
1124:, formed an alliance with the Georgians in 1502 and decisively defeated Aq Qoyunlu in the same year, destroying their state and marking the end of their invasions.
1270:
Kouymjian, Dickran (1997). "Armenia from the Fall of the
Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)". In Hovannisian, Richard (ed.).
2577:
2158:
930:
from the
Turkomans in 1431, which was of great importance in securing of the Georgian borders. Around 1434/5, Alexander encouraged the Armenian prince Beshken II
2045:
2040:
2032:
714:
1781:
1487:
2005:
1384:
2607:
2542:
1548:
2450:
2061:
1482:
2602:
1970:
1412:
1965:
1893:
777:
2582:
2387:
2229:
2021:
1377:
730:
2417:
2204:
2015:
1903:
1528:
2393:
2245:
1909:
1336:
357:
2372:
2143:
1995:
1883:
762:
2010:
2000:
1462:
594:
2617:
1985:
1950:
1827:
1360:
1304:
726:
2482:
2404:
2277:
2131:
2111:
1796:
1677:
1521:
702:
558:
2612:
2194:
2136:
1847:
2592:
2587:
2439:
2352:
2153:
2126:
2072:
1734:
1724:
1477:
844:
1240:
2627:
2412:
2239:
2116:
1960:
1933:
1812:
718:
618:
2377:
2099:
907:
who sought to strengthen and restore his declining
Kingdom, faced constant invasions by the tribal Turkomans. They sacked
1241:"The life and deeds of the kings of Kartli after the collapse of the kingdom into three kingdoms and five principalities"
2622:
2535:
2260:
2234:
2182:
2121:
1837:
1822:
1556:
1497:
1467:
1417:
1019:, temporary ruler of most of Georgia at the time, had to make peace with the invaders, abandoning Tbilisi to the enemy.
787:
722:
606:
458:
365:
1697:
1576:
1447:
574:
390:
2219:
2209:
1945:
1888:
1719:
1457:
1437:
857:
772:
590:
514:
2551:
2444:
2382:
2357:
1878:
1631:
757:
598:
482:
454:
427:
373:
991:
2487:
2168:
2148:
1786:
1759:
1442:
1346:
1040:
695:
682:
666:
570:
470:
282:
1702:
582:
462:
2556:
2199:
1898:
1744:
1687:
1621:
889:
815:
782:
670:
450:
219:
1581:
394:
1039:, who fought courageously and defeated the enemy. After the departure of the main forces of Yaqub shah, King
2502:
2224:
1749:
1672:
1065:
1047:
662:
542:
526:
345:
1647:
1452:
1432:
1106:
1036:
975:
923:
904:
578:
510:
260:
249:
1754:
954:
of the Qara
Qoyunlu. In March, Jahan Shah surged into Georgia with 20,000 troops, destroyed the city of
885:
658:
208:
2163:
1657:
1016:
896:
631:
518:
271:
238:
1185:(1949â51). The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia.
962:. He massacred 8,000 and enslaved 9,000 in Tbilisi, put heavy indemnity on Georgia, and returned to
2337:
2314:
1975:
1817:
1791:
1714:
1667:
1571:
1492:
1099:
987:
828:
586:
546:
446:
383:
1043:
took advantage of the favorable situation and exterminated the
Turkomans in the surrounding area.
121:
2362:
1857:
1842:
1771:
1739:
1729:
1692:
1662:
1652:
1502:
1103:
1096:
1077:
900:
832:
767:
734:
706:
654:
650:
642:
562:
534:
522:
277:
266:
255:
244:
214:
203:
138:
115:
308:
299:
2432:
2427:
2323:
2292:
1924:
1766:
1707:
1682:
1611:
1544:
1401:
1356:
1332:
1300:
804:
646:
554:
538:
442:
125:
74:
1294:
2492:
2297:
2272:
1980:
1873:
1591:
1586:
1182:
1081:
1032:
931:
752:
495:
478:
406:
402:
334:
223:
46:
17:
2514:
1990:
1852:
1832:
1776:
1626:
1121:
939:
710:
674:
614:
602:
474:
288:
163:
41:
1280:
911:, city of the vital regional importance in 1416, in response of suggested oppression of
2309:
678:
638:
566:
550:
2571:
2472:
2367:
2344:
2302:
2214:
2085:
927:
2497:
2330:
2282:
1290:
994:
that ended without a clear victor. At night, Jahan Shah and his troops escaped to
935:
893:
853:
438:
176:
50:
1350:
2467:
1422:
979:
908:
861:
502:
150:
2509:
1012:
1008:
955:
951:
881:
865:
323:
312:
303:
188:
2422:
1955:
1427:
1061:
983:
877:
506:
2477:
2080:
1117:
530:
293:
78:
1316:
Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siÚcle. Volume I
2050:
1606:
1601:
1369:
1073:
1056:
1052:
1028:
959:
912:
434:
410:
398:
2287:
2055:
1616:
1596:
1092:
1088:
995:
963:
466:
414:
1513:
1320:
History of
Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1
1322:] (in French). Saint-Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences.
1069:
1015:, the prince of the Aq Qoyunlu in 1466, 1472 and possibly 1476-7.
848:
942:
and, for his victory, granted him Lori under terms of vassalage.
1087:
In 1490, the king learned that the Shahâs troops were coming to
880:
and launched attacks against them as early as 1407 during which
82:
1517:
1373:
1355:(Revised and Expanded ed.). University of Utah Press.
1139:
1137:
974:
In 1444, Jahan Shah, attempted a new invasion of Georgia.
1035:. But in the fortresses they were met by the soldiers of
892:, fearing further encroachment, allied himself with the
1154:
1152:
876:
They took advantage of the temporary weakness of the
899:
to counter Turkoman advance and engaged them in the
2460:
2403:
2259:
2181:
2098:
2071:
2031:
1932:
1866:
1805:
1640:
1564:
1555:
1031:and Kveshi were attacked by the troops of sultan
1272:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
1274:. Vol. 2. St. Martin Press. pp. 1â50.
1084:, after which all of Imereti was in his hands.
34:
1299:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1â288.
808:
1529:
1385:
950:In 1440, Alexander refused to pay tribute to
715:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
8:
998:, putting an end to the Turkoman incursion.
856:clan, were among the first to rebel against
2265:
2187:
2104:
1938:
1561:
1536:
1522:
1514:
1493:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's sack of Tbilisi
1413:Scytho-Cimmerian invasions of the Caucasus
1392:
1378:
1370:
1352:The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire
1279:Savory, Roger (1998). "ESMÄÊżÄȘL I áčąAFAWÄȘ".
969:
352:
31:
1282:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6
1198:
1170:
1046:In 1488, sultan Yaqub sent his commander
945:
1210:
827:, refers to invasions of various Muslim
1222:
1133:
970:Jahan Shah's second invasion of Georgia
364:
2598:15th century in the Kingdom of Georgia
1158:
1143:
946:Jahan Shah's first invasion of Georgia
2578:Wars involving the Kingdom of Georgia
1478:Shah Tahmasp I's invasions of Georgia
1329:Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia
1253:
603:Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia
7:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1022:
1001:
871:
821:turkomanta shemosevebi sakartveloshi
1488:Shah Abbas I's invasions of Georgia
2608:Battles involving the Qara Qoyunlu
1828:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
810:ááŁá á„áááááá ášááááĄááááá áĄáá„áá áááááášá
727:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
25:
1678:Unification of the Georgian realm
1002:Uzun Hasan's invasions of Georgia
884:took 15,000 prisoners and killed
872:Qara Yusuf's invasions of Georgia
860:who ruled most of the Persia and
703:Georgia within the Russian Empire
559:Unification of the Georgian realm
27:15th-century invasions of Georgia
2603:Battles involving the Aq Qoyunlu
1923:
1797:Absorption by the Russian Empire
1314:Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849).
1091:. Constantine asked for help to
1055:. King Constantine set out from
1027:In 1486, the Georgian cities of
372:
339:
328:
317:
307:
298:
287:
276:
265:
254:
243:
232:
213:
202:
182:
170:
156:
144:
131:
120:
108:
40:
831:tribes on the territory of the
2583:Invasions of Georgia (country)
1813:Democratic Republic of Georgia
820:
719:Democratic Republic of Georgia
619:Collapse of the Georgian realm
595:Kingdom of Georgia (1256â1329)
1:
835:throughout the 15th century.
801:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
611:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
35:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
2073:Russian-occupied territories
1904:Timeline of Georgian history
1503:Russian intervention of 2008
1498:Red Army invasion of Georgia
1428:Sasanian invasion of 541â562
1423:Sasanian invasion of 526â532
1023:Yaqub's invasions of Georgia
958:and sacked the capital city
723:Red Army invasion of Georgia
607:Timurid invasions of Georgia
18:Turkmen invasions of Georgia
1418:Georgian campaign of Pompey
1076:(1489). He reconciled with
918:
591:Mongol invasions of Georgia
515:Umayyad invasion of Georgia
2644:
1632:Christianization of Iberia
1331:. London: Reaktion Books.
599:Kingdom of Western Georgia
483:Christianization of Iberia
455:Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia
2618:Wars involving Ingushetia
2529:
2268:
2190:
2107:
1941:
1921:
1787:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
1760:Principality of Mingrelia
1433:Turkic-Byzantine invasion
1408:
1327:Rayfield, Donald (2012).
1113:GeorgianâSafavid Alliance
809:
683:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
667:Principality of Mingrelia
571:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
471:Arsacid dynasty of Iberia
195:
101:
57:
39:
2041:Administrative divisions
1782:Shah Abbas I's invasions
1745:Principality of Abkhazia
1688:First Kingdom of Kakheti
1483:Ottoman invasion of 1578
890:Constantine I of Georgia
671:Principality of Abkhazia
451:Georgia in the Roman era
2613:Wars involving Chechnya
1750:Principality of Svaneti
1673:Kingdom of the Iberians
1577:ShulaveriâShomu culture
1296:Iran under the Safavids
1048:Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsilu
919:Alexander's reconquests
663:Principality of Svaneti
575:ByzantineâGeorgian wars
543:Kingdom of the Iberians
391:ShulaveriâShomu culture
346:Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsilu
2593:16th-century conflicts
2588:15th-century conflicts
1648:Principality of Iberia
1453:Great Turkish Invasion
905:Alexander I of Georgia
825:GeorgianâTurkoman wars
579:Great Turkish Invasion
511:Principality of Iberia
196:Commanders and leaders
2628:History of Ingushetia
1792:1795 Persian Invasion
1755:Principality of Guria
1463:Azat Mousa's invasion
886:George VII of Georgia
845:devastating invasions
659:Principality of Guria
2388:World Heritage Sites
1971:Environmental issues
1037:Sulkhan Baratashvili
1017:Bagrat VI of Georgia
632:Early modern history
583:GeorgianâSeljuk wars
519:Arab rule in Georgia
463:IberianâArmenian War
2623:History of Chechnya
1838:Independent Georgia
1668:Kingdom of Abkhazia
1582:KuraâAraxes culture
1572:Prehistoric Georgia
1285:. pp. 628â636.
1146:, pp. 628â636.
587:Georgian Golden Age
547:Kingdom of Abkhazia
447:Pharnavazid dynasty
395:KuraâAraxes culture
384:Prehistoric Georgia
49:in 1460, bordering
2230:Telecommunications
1858:Russo-Georgian War
1772:Kingdom of Kakheti
1740:Kingdom of Imereti
1735:Turkmen incursions
1730:Samtskhe atabegate
1693:Kingdom of Georgia
1663:Emirate of Tbilisi
1653:Bagrationi dynasty
1473:Turkoman invasions
1448:Byzantine invasion
901:Battle of Chalagan
833:Kingdom of Georgia
735:Russo-Georgian War
731:Georgia since 1991
707:1832 Georgian plot
655:Kingdom of Imereti
651:Kingdom of Kakheti
643:Samtskhe-Saatabago
563:Kingdom of Georgia
535:Bagrationi dynasty
523:Emirate of Tbilisi
459:Campaign of Pompey
366:History of Georgia
139:Kingdom of Kakheti
116:Kingdom of Georgia
2565:
2564:
2525:
2524:
2418:Ethnic minorities
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2255:
2254:
2177:
2176:
2159:Political parties
2122:Foreign relations
2094:
2093:
1919:
1918:
1823:Red Army invasion
1767:Kingdom of Kartli
1725:Timur's invasions
1708:Battle of Didgori
1683:Kingdom of Hereti
1612:Kingdom of Iberia
1511:
1510:
1468:Timurid invasions
1338:978-1-78023-070-2
1120:, founder of the
797:
796:
647:Kingdom of Kartli
555:Duchy of Kldekari
539:Kingdom of Hereti
531:Duchy of Klarjeti
443:Kingdom of Iberia
399:Legend of Kartlos
351:
350:
126:Kingdom of Kartli
97:
96:
16:(Redirected from
2635:
2545:
2538:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2266:
2188:
2105:
2046:Cities and towns
1981:Greater Caucasus
1939:
1927:
1889:Military history
1874:Names of Georgia
1720:Mongol invasions
1592:Colchian culture
1587:Trialeti culture
1562:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1458:Mongol invasions
1438:Umayyad invasion
1394:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1342:
1323:
1310:
1286:
1275:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:7: 174, 176-177.
1183:Toumanoff, Cyril
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1102:and the King of
976:King Vakhtang IV
822:
819:
812:
811:
773:Military history
747:History by topic
479:Chosroid dynasty
407:Colchian culture
403:Trialeti culture
376:
353:
344:
343:
342:
333:
332:
331:
322:
321:
320:
311:
302:
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187:
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175:
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173:
162:
160:
159:
149:
148:
147:
137:
135:
134:
124:
114:
112:
111:
93:Georgian victory
59:
58:
47:Georgian Kingdom
44:
32:
21:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2521:
2456:
2399:
2373:Public holidays
2251:
2215:Lari (currency)
2173:
2144:Law enforcement
2090:
2067:
2027:
2006:Protected areas
1991:Lesser Caucasus
1928:
1915:
1862:
1853:Rose Revolution
1848:War in Abkhazia
1833:April 9 tragedy
1801:
1777:Safavid Georgia
1636:
1627:Sasanian Iberia
1551:
1542:
1512:
1507:
1404:
1398:
1363:
1345:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1307:
1289:
1278:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1122:Safavid dynasty
1115:
1078:Liparit Dadiani
1025:
1004:
972:
948:
921:
874:
841:
814:
793:
792:
748:
740:
739:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
711:Gurian Republic
709:
705:
698:
688:
687:
681:
677:
675:Safavid Georgia
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
624:
623:
617:
615:Duchy of Aragvi
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
551:Theme of Iberia
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
498:
488:
487:
481:
477:
475:Sasanian Iberia
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
430:
428:Ancient history
420:
419:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
340:
338:
337:
329:
327:
326:
318:
316:
315:
306:
286:
285:
275:
274:
264:
263:
253:
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242:
241:
233:
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212:
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201:
183:
181:
180:
171:
169:
157:
155:
154:
145:
143:
142:
132:
130:
129:
119:
109:
107:
85:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2641:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Stock Exchange
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2169:Prime Minister
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:National parks
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1698:Byzantine wars
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:Sajid invasion
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1362:978-0874805659
1361:
1347:Woods, John E.
1343:
1337:
1324:
1311:
1306:978-0521042512
1305:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:, p. 143.
1246:
1227:
1225:, p. 643.
1215:
1213:, p. 158.
1203:
1199:Kouymjian 1997
1191:
1175:
1171:Kouymjian 1997
1163:
1148:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1114:
1111:
1024:
1021:
1003:
1000:
971:
968:
947:
944:
934:to attack the
920:
917:
873:
870:
840:
837:
795:
794:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
699:
696:Modern history
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
679:Childir Eyalet
639:Duchy of Ksani
635:
630:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
567:Duchy of Racha
499:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
431:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
387:
382:
381:
378:
377:
369:
368:
362:
361:
349:
348:
296:
283:Constantine II
198:
197:
193:
192:
167:
164:Safavid Empire
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2640:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:Bolnisi cross
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2086:South Ossetia
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:Invasions of
1395:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:Savory, Roger
1288:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:Rayfield 2012
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1161:, p. 33.
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
999:
997:
993:
992:bloody battle
989:
985:
981:
977:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
846:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
817:
806:
802:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
700:
697:
692:
691:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:
636:
633:
628:
627:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
500:
497:
492:
491:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
432:
429:
424:
423:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
388:
385:
380:
379:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
347:
336:
325:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
295:
290:
284:
279:
273:
268:
262:
257:
251:
246:
240:
229:
227:
221:
220:Constantine I
216:
210:
205:
200:
199:
194:
190:
178:
168:
165:
152:
140:
127:
123:
117:
106:
105:
100:
92:
89:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:to the south.
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2498:Saint George
2483:Coat of arms
2449:
2405:Demographics
2392:
2278:Architecture
2244:
2200:Central bank
2132:Human rights
2112:Constitution
2060:
2033:Subdivisions
2020:
1908:
1818:Armenian War
1472:
1351:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1295:
1281:
1271:
1249:
1223:Brosset 1849
1218:
1206:
1201:, p. 7.
1194:
1186:
1178:
1173:, p. 4.
1166:
1116:
1100:Qvarqvare II
1086:
1066:Alexander II
1045:
1026:
1005:
990:fought in a
982:, where the
973:
949:
938:clansmen in
936:Qara Qoyunlu
926:reconquered
922:
875:
854:Qara Qoyunlu
842:
824:
800:
798:
610:
527:Duchy of Tao
439:Aryan Kartli
225:
177:Qara Qoyunlu
102:Belligerents
51:Qara Qoyunlu
29:
2440:Health care
2195:Agriculture
1966:Earthquakes
1703:Seljuk wars
1159:Savory 2007
1144:Savory 1998
1107:Alexander I
1041:Constantine
980:Akhaltsikhe
978:met him in
909:Akhaltsikhe
894:Shirvanshah
862:Mawerannahr
503:Iberian War
496:Middle Ages
261:Vakhtang IV
250:Alexander I
191:(1468-1502)
179:(1407-1468)
151:Shirvanshah
141:(1490-1502)
128:(1490-1502)
118:(1407-1490)
2572:Categories
2510:Saint Nino
2338:Mingrelian
2319:Languages
2154:Parliament
2127:Government
1715:Golden Age
1254:Woods 1999
1128:References
1013:Uzun Hasan
1009:Aq Qoyunlu
956:Samshvilde
952:Jahan Shah
882:Qara Yusuf
866:Qara Yusuf
843:After the
839:Background
788:Chronology
335:Ya'qub Beg
324:Uzun Hasan
313:Jahan Shah
304:Qara Yusuf
209:George VII
189:Aq Qoyunlu
81:, western
77:, eastern
2423:Georgians
2413:Education
2363:Mythology
2240:Transport
2205:Companies
2164:President
2117:Elections
2016:Volcanoes
1956:Black Sea
1934:Geography
1843:Civil War
1658:Arab rule
1622:Roman era
1072:captured
1068:with the
1062:Georgians
988:Turkomans
984:Georgians
924:Alexander
897:Ibrahim I
878:Georgians
858:Shah Rukh
816:romanized
753:Etymology
507:Lazic War
272:Bagrat VI
239:Ibrahim I
153:(in 1412)
65:1407-1502
2552:Category
2478:Borjgali
2433:Diaspora
2378:Religion
2324:Georgian
2315:Gambling
2273:Alphabet
2149:Military
2100:Politics
2081:Abkhazia
1976:Glaciers
1879:Monarchs
1867:By topic
1549:articles
1349:(1999).
1293:(2007).
1187:Traditio
1118:Ismail I
1097:Samtskhe
932:Orbelian
829:Turkoman
805:Georgian
758:Monarchs
358:a series
356:Part of
294:Ismail I
79:Anatolia
70:Location
2536:Outline
2461:Symbols
2298:Cuisine
2261:Culture
2235:Tourism
2183:Economy
2056:Regions
2051:Tbilisi
1996:Mammals
1961:Climate
1946:Borders
1899:Battles
1607:Colchis
1602:Diauehi
1557:History
1545:Georgia
1402:Georgia
1264:Sources
1104:Kakheti
1082:Gurieli
1074:Kutaisi
1057:Imereti
1053:Tbilisi
1029:Dmanisi
960:Tbilisi
913:Muslims
823:) also
783:Battles
768:Tbilisi
435:Colchis
411:Diauehi
226:†
75:Georgia
2557:Portal
2468:Anthem
2383:Sports
2293:Cinema
2288:Chokha
2220:Mining
2210:Energy
2011:Rivers
1884:States
1806:Modern
1641:Middle
1617:Lazica
1597:Mushki
1547:
1359:
1335:
1303:
1093:Atabeg
1089:Kartli
996:Tabriz
964:Tabriz
940:Syunik
807::
763:States
467:Lazica
415:Mushki
360:on the
222:
166:(1502)
161:
136:
113:
90:Result
2543:Index
2515:cross
2503:cross
2493:Motto
2445:Women
2368:Names
2358:Music
2353:Media
2310:Dance
1986:Lakes
1951:Birds
1565:Early
1318:[
1070:Svans
1033:Yaqub
849:Timur
2488:Flag
2451:more
2428:List
2394:more
2345:Svan
2303:Wine
2246:more
2137:LGBT
2062:more
2022:more
1910:more
1894:Wars
1357:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1080:and
986:and
928:Lori
799:The
778:Wars
83:Iran
62:Date
2331:Laz
2283:Art
1095:of
847:by
2574::
1230:^
1151:^
1136:^
966:.
915:.
888:.
864:.
813:,
1537:e
1530:t
1523:v
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1365:.
1341:.
1309:.
1243:.
818::
803:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
