1668:, in which players must fight against zombies in order to complete levels. In addition, the game features a mode called Versus mode, in which a team of four players play as the survivors who compete against a team of four players who play as the special infected characters such as the Smoker, Hunter, Boomer and Tank. The game alternates the rounds per stage making each team of four play both the survivor characters and the special infected characters. The game was built atop the most advanced version of the
3654:
426:. They also changed the texture of the game to create a gritty, dark atmosphere. It was not conceived as a full-budget project at that time. Meanwhile, the wizard combat game was scrapped as the team considered the project over-complicated and "geeky"; they decided to use the cancelled project as a prototype to work on the zombie game. The idea of developing a zombie game grew after the team watched
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566:, and was the company's next full-scale project. Turtle Rock pitched the game to multiple publishers including Valve. Most of them were not supportive of the idea of an asymmetrical multiplayer video game; Valve was also not interested in the project. These companies thought that Turtle Rock was too small to handle a Triple-A project. Publisher
502:
automotive maintenance app named Garage Buddy and began hiring for a full-scale project. Upon the company's reestablishment, Booth left the company, and Robb and Ashton were requested to share the position of studio head. Ashton initially declined it, but eventually accepted and partnered with Robb
1765:
is a wholly original intellectual property, though still sees players working cooperatively to fight through a zombie apocalypse. The game also has a player-versus-player mode. The game was released on
October 12, 2021, for Steam and Xbox Game Pass, to generally positive critical reviews but mixed
380:
Turtle Rock
Studios was founded in 2002. The team of about six people had limited resources so set up work space in Booth's garage. The name "Turtle Rock" derived from the name of a neighbourhood where Booth lived. The team expanded the studio and rented an office, and continued the development of
586:
business model for the game. This idea was later scrapped, and resulted in some significant changes in terms of the game's gameplay and cast. On May 26, 2011, THQ announced they would be publishing Turtle Rock's next major title. On June 10, 2011, THQ described Turtle Rock's next title as "wild".
610:
in court documents filed by THQ. With THQ unable to continue its publishing and funding roles, an auction was held for other publishers to acquire these titles. Publishers interested in the game visited Turtle Rock Studio to see their "secret project". The company's founders felt frustrated, and
480:
studio, and that coordination between the two studios was difficult as they were physically far apart from each other. Meanwhile, Turtle Rock felt that the team's communication with Valve was lacking, and they were dissatisfied with Valve and the slow progression of projects. As a result, Newell
436:
content and started developing the zombie game, in which players have to plant zombie bait and kill all the zombies present in the level. The focus later shifted to evacuating and surviving in a zombie-infested area. The project was later presented to Valve, which helped the game's funding and
497:
After being formally closed, the remaining team members including Ashton and Robb decided to restart Turtle Rock as an independent company on March 17, 2010. On the same day, Turtle Rock
Studios put up a new website announcing they had reformed and were once again working on video games. They
522:
during its early phase of development. Eventually, the studio decided to split away from the two franchises to work on something new. On June 2, 2010, Turtle Rock
Studios announced the formation of a new division within Turtle Rock called Turtle Rock Garage, a small division based solely on
292:
series. The company expanded from six employees to more than seventy staff members from 2011 to 2014 and opened a subsidiary company called Turtle Rock Garage in 2011, which specialized in developing casual and experimental games for platforms such as iPhone, Facebook, and Xbox Live.
503:
to lead the studio. Both of them considered themselves developers not managers, and they found the task of running Turtle Rock a tough challenge. At that time, there were about 13 staff members in the studio. The team later rented a warehouse and re-designed it to accommodate them.
660:
program, which allows players to provide feedback on unfinished games or products as they are being developed. However, Turtle Rock later revealed that the game had been cancelled and that both studios agreed to part ways. The studio experimented with several
1729:. An alpha version of the game was released on January 15, 2015. The full version was released on February 10, 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. While the game received generally positive reviews, its extensive list of
615:, which paid $ 11 million to acquire the game and to secure the rights to the entire franchise. According to Turtle Rock, they were "super excited" to work with Take-Two. The game was set to be published under Take-Two's publishing label
475:
With the establishment of Valve South, nine to eleven employees moved to work at Valve's headquarters in
Seattle. After their departure, Valve felt that the size of the team at Valve South was too small to allow it to operate as a
625:. During the game's development, the team's size expanded to 75 staff members. Originally the game was to be released in October 2014, however 2K later delayed the release date to allow Turtle Rock to further polish the game.
254:
in 2008, but was re-founded in 2010 as a subsidiary of
Slamfire Inc. by Phil Robb and Chris Ashton. Turtle Rock Studios is involved in the creation of original titles as well as the provision of consulting services to the
2876:
532:
For us this is a big deal, this is our proving ground. We are not just Valve's bitch. I feel for the past 20 years we've been having to prove ourselves over and over. So here we are again, trying to prove ourselves.
385:. The game was released in 2004. Satisfied with the work done by Turtle Rock, Valve continued to contract them to work on the Xbox version of Counter-Strike, as well as the next installment of the series,
471:
and considered themselves having a long-term relationship with Turtle Rock. After being acquired by Valve, Turtle Rock served as Valve's in-house satellite development team, and was renamed Valve South.
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1680:. The game was released on Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360 in November 2008. The game received critical acclaim. The PC version of the game received an 89 out of 100 from Metacritic, a
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2950:
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available at launch caused controversy. Nevertheless, the game shipped 2.5 million copies as of May 18, 2015, and was considered as another "permanent IP" by owner Take-Two
Interactive.
506:
Despite being shut down by Valve, Turtle Rock still maintained a relatively close working relationship with it. The studio was contracted by Valve to work on the post-launch content for
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franchise, while allowing the name "Turtle Rock" and its logo to be used again by the original team. This news was later confirmed by Doug
Lombardi of Valve on June 3, 2009.
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released in
November 2008 for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360. Valve led the game's development, with assistance provided by Turtle Rock. It puts emphasis on
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3182:
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Rubin later suggested that Turtle Rock bid $ 250,000 for its own project, which Ashton described as "what had in the bank". However, they were outbid by
4142:
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4172:
432:, a critically acclaimed zombie film. The film helped the team brainstorm ideas for their zombie game. After that, the team decided to remove all the
3349:
2275:
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1977:
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527:. On September 22, 2010, Digital Development Management announced they were representing Turtle Rock Studios to find publishers for their games.
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29:
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2010:
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2044:
1694:, the next installment in the series. Alongside its sequel, the franchise had collectively sold 12 million copies as of October 1, 2012.
2973:
397:. Upon the release of Source, the company wanted to work on a new game, and gained support from Valve. The team later chose to design a
310:
Turtle Rock
Studios was founded by Michael Booth. Prior to the company's establishment, Booth, Phil Robb and Chris Ashton worked for
3710:
3470:
3372:
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2130:
320:
556:
518:
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467:, founder and president of Valve, added that it was an easy decision for the company to make, as they had high expectations for
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As the team had developed only competitive multiplayer games before, they wanted to design a game that encouraged and supported
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had already been in a financial crisis that had begun in 2010, and declared bankruptcy on December 19, 2012. Their game,
443:, and its development began in 2005. The title was announced on November 20, 2006, and was released in November 2008 for
3808:
2750:
2329:
2782:
648:
In December 2016, Turtle Rock announced that the company was working on a new intellectual property to be published by
641:
received generally positive reviews, the player base quickly dwindled. The PC version briefly transitioned to become a
356:, purchased the mod, and Ashton left Westwood to join Valve. Robb and Booth remained at Westwood Studios and worked on
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between players; a game that would allow family and friends to play together instead of against each other, citing
3172:
477:
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3139:
1722:
398:
393:
139:
111:
4137:
3236:
2720:"From the ashes of THQ: Left 4 Dead developer 'super excited' to work with 2K Games (exclusive interview)"
2265:
949:
840:
560:, the team wanted to create a game where prey could strike back at hunters. The concept eventually became
481:
proposed that Turtle Rock to be split from Valve, and that Valve South be shut down after the shipment of
387:
340:
2066:
463:, Valve announced that it had purchased Turtle Rock in an effort to expand the company's console market.
422:, which is a scenario where players fight against bots, which are equipped only with knives and act like
372:, as Robb considered EA's acquisition of Westwood had resulted in the studio losing all its personality.
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in December 2021 for undisclosed terms. The studio will remain autonomous under Tencent's ownership.
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155:
60:
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191:
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28:
2816:"Evolve Delayed Until 2015 After Being Positioned as 2014's "Defining" Xbox One/PS4 Game"
2140:
1803:"Turtle Rock's VR push: "It really is the future of computing" | GamesIndustry.biz"
4063:
3974:
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1328:
727:
410:
330:
325:
288:
183:
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were very enthusiastic about the idea of having an asymmetrical multiplayer game like
4131:
4030:
4008:
3996:
3925:
3824:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3344:
3278:
3064:
2877:"Turtle Rock Ending Support For Evolve, Stage 2 Update Likely Not Coming To Consoles"
2427:
2234:
1972:
1775:
1771:
1690:
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1060:
787:
782:
690:
686:
630:
621:
512:
428:
4116:
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4001:
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3957:
3915:
3778:
3011:
1753:
1738:
1589:
817:
671:
657:
642:
583:
571:
524:
335:
162:
4101:
3204:
2691:
2102:
1714:
1684:. The title was thought to have redefined co-operative gameplay. The success of
1653:
1007:
677:
603:
575:
464:
439:
264:
148:
1741:
game in July 2016. On September 3, 2018, Evolve's dedicated servers shut down.
4111:
4106:
4096:
3964:
3942:
3748:
3471:"Evolve Ships 2.5 Million Copies, Publisher Calls It "Key Long-Term Franchise"
3409:
3241:
3107:"Left 4 Dead "never would have happened" without Turtle Rock, says co-founder"
247:
208:
91:
50:
2687:"Turtle Rock Studios outbid for its own game: Take 2 thinks it's worth $ 11M"
3604:
3541:
3144:
2978:
2592:
2492:
2459:
2367:
2270:
2202:
2005:
1718:
1383:
812:
570:
decided to accept the game and help with its funding. THQ's then president
2098:"Why the developers behind Left 4 Dead and Evolve love making co-op games"
1676:
technology, which had since been updated from the AI used for the bots in
709:
Slamfire Inc., the parent company of Turtle Rock Studios, was acquired by
3991:
3937:
3932:
3885:
3841:
3475:
3377:
3311:
2914:
2881:
2853:
2820:
2625:
2620:
2167:
1779:
1275:
792:
777:
694:
634:
616:
448:
279:
3007:"Left 4 Dead's developers are Back 4 Blood with new spiritual successor"
546:
The concept of their next project had begun prior to the development of
4068:
3733:
3719:
3177:
2400:
2135:
1877:"Turtle Rock Studio heads discuss conception of Left 4 Dead and Evolve"
710:
682:
423:
345:
294:
197:
4073:
4042:
3890:
3798:
3753:
499:
3635:
3373:"Evolve Xbox One Open Beta Starts Next Month, Offline Mode Revealed"
629:
was released worldwide on February 10, 2015, for Microsoft Windows,
344:, and decided to join the mod team as a texture artist. Eventually,
222:
3910:
3829:
3768:
3758:
3738:
3442:
3111:
2559:
1914:
767:
3088:"Tencent is acquiring Back 4 Blood developer Turtle Rock Studios"
2037:"For Turtle Rock Studio, Evolve Isn't Just A Game, It's A Mantra"
3743:
3600:"Turtle Rock returns to its Left 4 Dead roots with Back 4 Blood"
2943:"Turtle Rock: AAA boxed product "not a welcome home" for indies"
2524:"Evolve or die: Turtle Rock's bid to move out of Valve's shadow"
1672:
available at the time and introduced version 2 of Turtle Rock's
772:
762:
3692:
3537:"Evolve player count increases 15,930 per cent after going F2P"
2849:"Evolve looks to boost dwindling player base with free weekend"
3508:
2755:
2658:
802:
607:
591:
567:
275:
2396:"Turtle Rock still likes Valve, could go back to Left 4 Dead"
2455:"Developer Agency DDM Launches Publisher, Investor Division"
645:
title, but 2K ultimately decided to end the game's support.
2299:"Left 4 Dead developer talks about why it split from Valve"
1910:"Evolve: Turtle Rock refines the Left 4 Dead co-op formula"
619:, and was introduced on January 7, 2014 by gaming magazine
3688:
2621:"THQ declares bankruptcy, will continue publishing duties"
2067:"Never Stop Evolving: The Pedigree of Turtle Rock Studios"
2974:"Evolve studio Turtle Rock eyes Early Access development"
414:
as an example. The team decided to use source code from
2192:
2190:
1721:
game which pits four players, who play as hunters in a
598:, was listed, alongside other unannounced titles from:
516:, which was developed in-house by Valve, and worked on
2199:"E3: Valve's Lombardi on What Happened To Turtle Rock"
652:. The studio would also consider releasing titles via
3642:
3340:"Why Evolve Is Not Just Another First-Person Shooter"
3504:"Evolve Will Be "Another Permanent IP" for Take-Two"
2328:
Richardson, Stuart; Crossley, Rob (March 17, 2010).
1968:"Life After Death: The Story Of Turtle Rock Studios"
721:
Turtle Rock Studios is best known for their work on
582:. Rubin once hoped that Turtle Rock could develop a
4089:
4056:
3878:
3857:
3817:
3726:
2555:"THQ to publish Turtle Rock's newest title in 2013"
748:
217:
207:
182:
172:
132:
122:
106:
84:
66:
56:
46:
35:
2751:"Left 4 Dead Creators Turtle Rock Unveil Evolve"
538: – Phil Robb, co-founder of Turtle Rock on
368:, but left the company after it was acquired by
262:The company's most notable games are: the first
3438:"Evolve dev explains the studio's DLC strategy"
2030:
2028:
1725:, against a player who plays as a monster in a
530:
2910:"Evolve dev Turtle Rock hires for new project"
1831:. Archived from the original on April 24, 2003
274:, which was originally set to be published by
3704:
3173:"Joystiq hands-on: Left 4 Dead's versus mode"
8:
2330:"Ex-Valve studio Turtle Rock makes comeback"
1961:
1959:
1957:
282:. The founder of the company had worked for
21:
2363:"New Turtle Rock Studios Game in the Works"
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1709:was Turtle Rock's next major project after
459:On January 10, 2008, before the release of
4188:American subsidiaries of foreign companies
4148:Companies based in Lake Forest, California
3711:
3697:
3689:
3138:Goodman, Paul; Greenwood-Ericksen, Adams.
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1757:in March 2019. Though inspired by Valve's
739:
27:
20:
3307:"Left 4 Dead series sales hit 12 million"
2588:"Left 4 Dead creator's new FPS is "wild""
1829:"Original Turtle Rock Website About Page"
286:, and assisted in the development of the
4163:Video game companies based in California
4158:Video game companies established in 2002
3569:"An important announcement about Evolve"
3105:Nunneley, Stephany (February 12, 2014).
2654:"THQ Documents Reveal Unannounced Games"
2522:Drung, Christopher (February 19, 2014).
2517:
2515:
2259:
2257:
675:, a new zombie co-op FPS in the vein of
3649:
3185:from the original on September 24, 2015
3152:from the original on September 24, 2015
2795:from the original on September 23, 2015
2763:from the original on September 24, 2015
2730:from the original on September 26, 2015
2633:from the original on September 24, 2015
2600:from the original on September 23, 2015
2500:from the original on September 24, 2015
2408:from the original on September 24, 2015
2342:from the original on September 23, 2015
2073:. Microsoft Studios. February 9, 2015.
2013:from the original on September 24, 2015
1889:from the original on September 24, 2015
1794:
1713:. Published by 2K Games and powered by
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
550:. Inspired by the asymmetrical mode of
314:and participated in the development of
297:acquired the company in December 2021.
4153:American companies established in 2002
3417:from the original on February 14, 2015
3319:from the original on November 16, 2014
3119:from the original on September 6, 2015
3060:"Tencent Acquires Turtle Rock Studios"
3035:"Back 4 Blood delayed to October 2021"
2941:Brightman, James (December 13, 2016).
2783:"The evolution of Turtle Rock Studios"
2652:Goldfarb, Andrew (December 19, 2012).
2375:from the original on February 11, 2015
2110:from the original on November 19, 2015
2047:from the original on September 8, 2015
1922:from the original on September 6, 2015
1842:
1768:Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
1596:Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
667:Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
242:between 2008 and 2010) is an American
3579:from the original on November 5, 2018
3385:from the original on February 3, 2015
3253:from the original on October 25, 2015
2567:from the original on October 21, 2013
2430:. Turtle Rock Studios. June 2, 2010.
2394:Maiberg, Emanuel (February 3, 2015).
2264:Robinson, Martin (November 2, 2014).
2175:from the original on December 1, 2015
2163:"Valve purchases Turtle Rock Studios"
359:Command & Conquer: Yuri's Revenge
7:
3598:Yin-Poole, Wesley (March 14, 2019).
3516:from the original on August 15, 2015
3272:Marchiafava, Jeff (April 12, 2015).
3033:Yin-Poole, Wesley (March 25, 2021).
2953:from the original on August 17, 2017
2828:from the original on August 29, 2015
2297:Gaston, Martin (February 12, 2014).
2278:from the original on August 11, 2015
1809:from the original on October 3, 2017
268:, which was published by Valve; and
3612:from the original on March 30, 2019
3450:from the original on August 5, 2015
3371:Makuch, Eddie (December 18, 2014).
3274:"The Essentials – Left 4 Dead"
3237:"Left 4 Dead for PC critic reviews"
2986:from the original on August 4, 2015
2875:Hilliard, Kyle (October 25, 2016).
2619:Petitte, Omri (December 19, 2012).
2586:Yin-Poole, Wesley (June 10, 2011).
2453:Orland, Kyle (September 22, 2010).
2309:from the original on March 22, 2016
2230:"Turtle Rock Returns From The Dead"
1875:Pitcher, Jenna (February 3, 2014).
485:. Valve retained the rights to the
437:publishing. The project's name was
3549:from the original on July 10, 2016
3171:Nelson, Randy (October 17, 2008).
2699:from the original on June 15, 2015
2666:from the original on July 15, 2015
2434:from the original on March 4, 2016
2096:Valdes, Giancarlo (May 22, 2014).
2077:from the original on June 28, 2015
324:. Ashton, who had also worked for
321:Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2
128:Steve Goldstein (president and GM)
14:
4143:2002 establishments in California
3535:Matulef, Jeffery (July 9, 2016).
3483:from the original on May 20, 2015
3436:Saed, Sherif (January 15, 2015).
3305:Makuch, Eddie (October 1, 2012).
2814:Pereira, Chris (August 5, 2015).
2749:Karmali, Luke (January 7, 2014).
2467:from the original on May 11, 2012
2209:from the original on May 11, 2012
4173:Video game development companies
3676:
3664:
3652:
3338:Hanson, Ben (January 22, 2014).
3217:from the original on May 1, 2015
2922:from the original on May 7, 2016
2718:Grubb, Jeff (January 28, 2013).
2685:Grubb, Jeff (January 23, 2013).
2486:Watts, Steve (August 17, 2015).
2035:Pitts, Russ (October 10, 2014).
1999:Bramwell, Tom (March 18, 2015).
1966:Hanson, Ben (January 31, 2015).
705:As Tencent studio (2021–present)
519:Counter-Strike: Global Offensive
3005:Orland, Kyle (March 14, 2019).
2908:Morrison, Angus (May 5, 2016).
2847:Chalk, Andy (August 31, 2015).
2553:Cullen, Johnny (May 26, 2011).
365:Command & Conquer: Generals
3469:Makuch, Eddie (May 18, 2015).
3405:"Evolve for PC critic reviews"
3205:"The Making Of... Left 4 Dead"
1766:public opinion. Published by
894:Counter-Strike: Condition Zero
1:
4183:2021 mergers and acquisitions
4178:2008 mergers and acquisitions
3502:Osborn, Alex (May 29, 2015).
2972:Graft, Kris (June 13, 2014).
2488:"Evolve: Origin of a Species"
2361:Chris Remo (March 17, 2010).
2001:"Turtle Rock Studios reforms"
1908:Cook, Dave (March 24, 2014).
16:American video game developer
3809:Tencent Animation and Comics
2266:"Why Turtle Rock left Valve"
2228:Turi, Tim (March 17, 2010).
2197:Remo, Chris (June 3, 2009).
1165:Left 4 Dead 2: The Sacrifice
3835:Ku Music Asian Music Awards
2131:"Left 4 Dead Afterthoughts"
737:franchises. Works include:
665:titles, while working with
650:Perfect World Entertainment
278:but was later published by
72:; 22 years ago
4204:
1662:survival horror video game
1115:Left 4 Dead: The Sacrifice
1061:Left 4 Dead 2: The Passing
751:
1849:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1483:
1382:
1323:
1274:
1109:
954:
888:
745:
742:
554:, and hunting games like
246:founded in March 2002 by
26:
1723:first-person perspective
1719:asymmetrical multiplayer
557:Cabela's Big Game Hunter
418:to develop a mod called
3140:"Why Left 4 Dead Works"
493:Turtle Rock (2010–2021)
455:Valve South (2008–2010)
394:Half-Life 2: Deathmatch
376:Turtle Rock (2002–2007)
112:Lake Forest, California
1751:Turtle Rock announced
950:Counter-Strike: Source
841:Microsoft Game Studios
535:
388:Counter-Strike: Source
334:, which was a popular
4081:Lao Gan Ma fraud case
4019:Valhalla Game Studios
3948:Radiant Entertainment
3352:on September 24, 2015
3286:on September 11, 2015
2791:. February 11, 2014.
2242:on September 24, 2015
1980:on September 24, 2015
1688:led Valve to develop
1666:co-operative gameplay
701:on October 12, 2021.
681:, which released for
406:co-operative gameplay
257:digital entertainment
250:. It was acquired by
2534:on December 11, 2015
2428:"Turtle Rock Garage"
2171:. January 10, 2008.
1731:downloadable content
1659:first-person shooter
900:Sierra Entertainment
613:Take-Two Interactive
608:THQ Studios Montreal
401:wizard combat game.
244:video game developer
4014:Turtle Rock Studios
3901:Grinding Gear Games
3858:Film and television
3068:. December 17, 2021
2889:on October 29, 2016
1537:Journey of the Gods
600:Relic Entertainment
352:, the publisher of
328:, was impressed by
236:Turtle Rock Studios
174:Number of employees
23:
22:Turtle Rock Studios
3906:Klei Entertainment
3896:Fulqrum Publishing
3865:New Classics Media
3213:. April 27, 2015.
1717:, the title is an
316:real-time strategy
225:.turtlerockstudios
213:Turtle Rock Garage
4168:Valve Corporation
4125:
4124:
4048:Yager Development
3954:Sixjoy Hong Kong
2129:Nguyen, Thierry.
1727:third-person view
1682:review aggregator
1643:
1642:
1488:Face Your Fears 2
637:platforms. While
445:Microsoft Windows
306:Prior to founding
233:
232:
42:
4195:
3980:The Chinese Room
3921:Digital Extremes
3870:Tencent Pictures
3713:
3706:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3636:Official website
3622:
3621:
3619:
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3595:
3589:
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3556:
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3424:
3422:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3348:. Archived from
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3282:. Archived from
3269:
3263:
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3260:
3258:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
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3201:
3195:
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2947:Gameindustry.biz
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2885:. Archived from
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2811:
2805:
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2607:
2605:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2530:. Archived from
2519:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2450:
2444:
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2316:
2314:
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2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2238:. Archived from
2225:
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2216:
2214:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2143:on March 5, 2016
2139:. Archived from
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
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2063:
2057:
2056:
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2023:
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2020:
2018:
1996:
1990:
1989:
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1985:
1976:. Archived from
1963:
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312:Westwood Pacific
284:Westwood Pacific
229:
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80:
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73:
40:
31:
24:
4203:
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3874:
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3847:QQ Music Awards
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3247:CBS Interactive
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2016:
2014:
1998:
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1983:
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1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1784:Xbox Series X/S
1749:
1702:
1650:
1379:Face Your Fears
823:Nintendo Switch
719:
707:
699:Xbox Series X/S
663:virtual reality
544:
537:
510:and its sequel
495:
457:
378:
370:Electronic Arts
308:
303:
221:
203:
175:
168:
125:
118:
114:
102:
76:
74:
71:
70:March 2002
17:
12:
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5:
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4077:
4076:
4066:
4064:360 v. Tencent
4060:
4058:
4054:
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4040:
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4023:
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4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3989:
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3982:
3977:
3975:Auroch Digital
3972:
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3640:
3629:
3628:External links
3626:
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1991:
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1678:Condition Zero
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1384:Oculus Studios
1381:
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1371:
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1329:Evolve Stage 2
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879:
876:
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867:
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849:
846:
843:
838:
834:Counter-Strike
830:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
754:
753:
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747:
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728:Counter-Strike
718:
715:
706:
703:
590:At that time,
529:
494:
491:
456:
453:
434:Counter-Strike
416:Counter-Strike
411:Secret of Mana
383:Condition Zero
377:
374:
331:Counter-Strike
326:Presto Studios
307:
304:
302:
299:
289:Counter-Strike
231:
230:
219:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
202:
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200:(2021–present)
195:
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186:
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159:
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145:
141:Counter-Strike
136:
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100:
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68:
64:
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58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
37:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4200:
4189:
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4164:
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4149:
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4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Tencent Games
4136:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
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4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Tequila Works
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:Tencent Games
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
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3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
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3955:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3926:Splash Damage
3924:
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3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
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3899:
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3845:
3844:
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3828:
3826:
3825:Tencent Music
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:Tencent Weibo
3787:
3785:
3784:Tencent Video
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Tencent Cloud
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
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3611:
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3406:
3400:
3397:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3345:Game Informer
3341:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3301:
3298:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3279:Game Informer
3275:
3268:
3265:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3221:September 19,
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3184:
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3174:
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3164:
3151:
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3141:
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3118:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3067:
3066:
3065:Business Wire
3061:
3055:
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3036:
3029:
3026:
3014:
3013:
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3001:
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684:
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429:28 Days Later
425:
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420:Terror-Strike
417:
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30:
25:
19:
4117:Chen Xiaonan
4036:KineticNovel
4013:
4002:TiMi Studios
3970:Sumo Digital
3958:FromSoftware
3916:Athlon Games
3803:Red envelope
3779:Tencent Maps
3614:. Retrieved
3603:
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3572:
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3540:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3507:
3497:
3485:. Retrieved
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3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3441:
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3419:. Retrieved
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3387:. Retrieved
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3354:. Retrieved
3350:the original
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3321:. Retrieved
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3288:. Retrieved
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3121:. Retrieved
3110:
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3072:December 17,
3070:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
3028:
3018:December 17,
3016:. Retrieved
3012:Ars Technica
3010:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2977:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2946:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2913:
2903:
2891:. Retrieved
2887:the original
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2860:December 17,
2858:. Retrieved
2852:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2819:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
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2777:
2765:. Retrieved
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2723:
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2668:. Retrieved
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2647:
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2532:the original
2527:
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2491:
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2436:. Retrieved
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
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2379:February 11,
2377:. Retrieved
2366:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2333:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2302:
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2280:. Retrieved
2269:
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2240:the original
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2145:. Retrieved
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2101:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2040:
2015:. Retrieved
2004:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1971:
1924:. Retrieved
1913:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1880:
1835:December 11,
1833:. Retrieved
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1797:
1763:Back 4 Blood
1762:
1758:
1754:Back 4 Blood
1752:
1750:
1746:Back 4 Blood
1745:
1739:free-to-play
1734:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1590:Back 4 Blood
1588:
1536:
1487:
1435:
1378:
1327:
1268:
1216:
1164:
1113:
1059:
948:
892:
837:(Xbox port)
832:
818:Oculus Quest
752:Platform(s)
732:
726:
720:
708:
676:
672:Back 4 Blood
670:
658:early access
647:
643:free-to-play
638:
626:
620:
595:
589:
584:free-to-play
579:
572:Danny Bilson
561:
555:
551:
547:
545:
539:
536:
531:
525:casual games
517:
511:
507:
505:
498:released an
496:
486:
482:
474:
468:
460:
458:
438:
433:
427:
419:
415:
409:
403:
399:first-person
392:
386:
382:
379:
363:
357:
353:
339:
329:
319:
309:
287:
269:
263:
261:
239:
235:
234:
209:Subsidiaries
163:Back 4 Blood
161:
154:
147:
140:
107:Headquarters
99:Chris Ashton
47:Company type
39:Valve South
18:
4102:Allen Zhang
4026:Visual Arts
3879:Video games
3683:Video games
3583:November 4,
2893:November 4,
2724:VentureBeat
2692:VentureBeat
2103:VentureBeat
1759:Left 4 Dead
1715:CryEngine 3
1711:Left 4 Dead
1686:Left 4 Dead
1654:Left 4 Dead
1647:Left 4 Dead
1217:Leap Sheep!
1008:Left 4 Dead
734:Left 4 Dead
678:Left 4 Dead
604:Vigil Games
576:Jason Rubin
552:Left 4 Dead
548:Left 4 Dead
508:Left 4 Dead
487:Left 4 Dead
483:Left 4 Dead
469:Left 4 Dead
465:Gabe Newell
461:Left 4 Dead
440:Left 4 Dead
318:games like
265:Left 4 Dead
240:Valve South
194:(2008–2010)
149:Left 4 Dead
61:Video games
41:(2008–2010)
4132:Categories
4112:Chen Yidan
4107:Tony Zhang
4097:Ma Huateng
3965:Sumo Group
3943:Riot Games
3659:California
3573:2K Support
3520:August 18,
3487:August 18,
3454:August 18,
3421:August 18,
3410:Metacritic
3389:August 18,
3356:August 18,
3323:August 18,
3290:August 18,
3257:August 18,
3242:Metacritic
3189:August 18,
3156:August 18,
3123:August 18,
2990:August 17,
2957:August 17,
2832:August 17,
2799:August 21,
2767:August 17,
2734:August 17,
2703:August 17,
2670:August 17,
2637:August 17,
2538:August 17,
2504:August 17,
2438:August 21,
2412:August 17,
2346:August 16,
2313:August 17,
2282:August 17,
2246:August 16,
2179:August 16,
2147:August 16,
2114:August 18,
2081:August 17,
2051:August 17,
2017:August 17,
1984:August 18,
1926:August 17,
1893:August 18,
1813:October 3,
1790:References
749:Publisher
259:industry.
248:Mike Booth
238:(known as
124:Key people
92:Mike Booth
51:Subsidiary
3987:Supercell
3671:Companies
3616:March 14,
3605:Eurogamer
3542:Eurogamer
3145:Gamasutra
3092:The Verge
3039:Eurogamer
2979:Gamasutra
2593:Eurogamer
2493:Shacknews
2460:Gamasutra
2368:Gamasutra
2271:Eurogamer
2203:Gamasutra
2006:Eurogamer
1737:became a
813:Oculus Go
354:Half-Life
341:Half-Life
96:Phil Robb
3992:Techland
3938:QQ Games
3933:Miniclip
3886:Fatshark
3842:QQ Music
3727:Services
3610:Archived
3577:Archived
3547:Archived
3514:Archived
3481:Archived
3476:GameSpot
3448:Archived
3415:Archived
3383:Archived
3378:GameSpot
3317:Archived
3312:GameSpot
3251:Archived
3215:Archived
3183:Archived
3150:Archived
3117:Archived
2984:Archived
2951:Archived
2920:Archived
2915:PC Gamer
2882:PC Gamer
2854:PC Gamer
2826:Archived
2821:GameSpot
2793:Archived
2761:Archived
2728:Archived
2697:Archived
2664:Archived
2631:Archived
2626:PC Gamer
2598:Archived
2565:Archived
2498:Archived
2465:Archived
2432:Archived
2406:Archived
2373:Archived
2340:Archived
2307:Archived
2303:GameSpot
2276:Archived
2207:Archived
2173:Archived
2168:GameSpot
2108:Archived
2075:Archived
2071:XboxWire
2045:Archived
2011:Archived
1920:Archived
1887:Archived
1845:cite web
1807:Archived
1780:Xbox One
1436:The Well
1276:2K Games
695:Xbox One
635:Xbox One
617:2K Games
478:triple A
449:Xbox 360
447:and the
280:2K Games
133:Products
57:Industry
36:Formerly
4069:Naspers
4057:Related
3734:Foxmail
3720:Tencent
3645:Portals
3553:July 9,
3178:Joystiq
3044:May 27,
2788:Develop
2401:PCGamer
2335:Develop
2213:June 3,
2136:1UP.com
1882:Polygon
1761:games,
808:Android
711:Tencent
683:Windows
424:zombies
348:-based
346:Seattle
301:History
295:Tencent
218:Website
198:Tencent
85:Founder
77:2002-03
75: (
67:Founded
4090:People
4074:Prosus
4043:WeGame
3891:Funcom
3799:WeChat
3794:WeBank
3754:QQLive
2926:May 5,
1735:Evolve
1706:Evolve
1699:Evolve
1270:Evolve
639:Evolve
633:, and
627:Evolve
606:, and
596:Evolve
580:Evolve
563:Evolve
540:Evolve
500:iPhone
391:, and
271:Evolve
184:Parent
156:Evolve
143:series
3911:Leyou
3830:KuGou
3818:Music
3769:Sogou
3759:Qzone
3739:iflix
3443:VG247
3112:VG247
2560:VG247
2528:MCVUK
1915:VG247
1657:is a
1585:2021
1484:2019
1432:2017
1324:2016
1265:2015
1213:2010
1110:2010
1056:2009
1004:2008
956:Valve
889:2004
829:2003
746:Game
743:Year
723:Valve
654:Steam
350:Valve
252:Valve
192:Valve
3764:Soso
3744:JOOX
3618:2019
3585:2018
3555:2016
3522:2015
3489:2015
3456:2015
3423:2015
3391:2015
3358:2015
3325:2015
3292:2015
3259:2015
3223:2015
3210:Edge
3191:2015
3158:2015
3125:2015
3074:2021
3046:2021
3020:2020
2992:2015
2959:2017
2928:2016
2895:2016
2862:2020
2834:2015
2801:2015
2769:2015
2736:2015
2705:2015
2672:2015
2639:2015
2606:2015
2573:2015
2540:2015
2506:2015
2473:2010
2440:2015
2414:2015
2381:2015
2348:2015
2315:2015
2284:2015
2248:2015
2215:2009
2181:2015
2149:2015
2116:2015
2083:2015
2053:2015
2019:2015
1986:2015
1928:2015
1895:2015
1851:link
1837:2015
1815:2017
1782:and
1624:Yes
1621:Yes
1618:Yes
1615:Yes
1600:Yes
1577:Yes
1541:Yes
1528:Yes
1492:Yes
1473:Yes
1421:Yes
1388:Yes
1334:Yes
1301:Yes
1295:Yes
1280:Yes
1251:Yes
1248:Yes
1181:Yes
1175:Yes
1172:Yes
1169:Yes
1132:Yes
1123:Yes
1120:Yes
1078:Yes
1072:Yes
1069:Yes
1066:Yes
1024:Yes
1015:Yes
1012:Yes
966:Yes
963:Yes
960:Yes
910:Yes
907:Yes
904:Yes
854:Yes
778:X360
773:Xbox
731:and
697:and
574:and
362:and
227:.com
178:~125
4031:Key
3509:IGN
2756:IGN
2659:IGN
1639:No
1636:No
1633:No
1630:No
1627:No
1612:No
1609:No
1606:No
1603:No
1580:No
1574:No
1571:No
1568:No
1565:No
1562:No
1559:No
1556:No
1553:No
1550:No
1547:No
1544:No
1531:No
1525:No
1522:No
1519:No
1516:No
1513:No
1510:No
1507:No
1504:No
1501:No
1498:No
1495:No
1479:No
1476:No
1470:No
1467:No
1464:No
1461:No
1458:No
1455:No
1452:No
1449:No
1446:No
1443:No
1440:No
1427:No
1424:No
1418:No
1415:No
1412:No
1409:No
1406:No
1403:No
1400:No
1397:No
1394:No
1391:No
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