86:
61:
400:. The aim is to open 150 miles (241 km) of the river for the fish to increase its freshwater breeding habitat. By 2021 passes at Diglis and Bevere, near Worcester, had been completed, and by 2022 all four passes were completed and it was confirmed that the twaite shad had passed all of the passes, allowing the species to return to its natural spawning habitat.
42:
377:"has been placed in Appendix III of the Bern Convention (1979) that lists protected fauna species as well as in appendix II and V of the European Community Habitats Directive (1992) that list, respectively, species whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation and that are subject to management measures."
344:. However, some record of them being landlocked suggests an ability to adapt well to their environment. They primarily live at sea on feeding grounds and migrate to their spawning grounds between April and June once they are sexually mature. Maturity usually ranges from 3–7 years of age. Juveniles appear in
356:
Populations have been reduced primarily through overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction and migratory route obstruction in the
Victorian Era. Hybridization between species is more likely with species affected by human disturbances. It is estimated that the estuarine phase, or the time that they
297:. The flanks are silvery, sometimes with a bronzy tinge, and there are a distinctive row of six to ten large dark spot just behind the gill cover though these may fade when the fish is dead. The adult length is typically 25 to 40 cm (10 to 16 in).
250:
236:
but has a row of six to ten distinctive spots on its silvery flanks. They become mature when three or more years old and migrate to estuaries, later swimming up rivers to spawn. Populations of this fish have declined due to
196:
1008:
841:
553:
893:
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of up to a year and a half. The estimate, however, does not take into account individual variation and survival of juveniles in the estuarine phase.
815:
854:
993:
919:
998:
293:. This fish is more colourful than the Baltic herring. The back is a bluish green colour and the head brownish with a golden tinge on the
1013:
348:
and brackish water around June to July. The salinity of brackish water may pose problems to the juveniles migrating from fresh water.
532:
Coscia, I., V. Rountree, J. J. King, W. K. Roche, and S. Mariani. A Highly
Permeable Species Boundary between Two Anadromous Fishes.
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945:
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988:
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602:"Endangered twaite shad fish return to habitat unlocked after 180 years! - Unlocking the SevernUnlocking the Severn"
898:
794:
506:
Estuarine Phase during
Seaward Migration for Allis Shad Alosa Alosa and Twaite Shad Alosa Fallax Future Spawners.
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50:
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The twait shad is found in most of Europe and all countries bordering the
Mediterranean Sea.
232:
which lives in the sea but migrates into fresh water to spawn. In appearance it resembles an
937:
536:
441:
294:
233:
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872:
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70:
65:
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137:
742:
885:
828:
709:
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228:. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and is an
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are in the estuaries migrating from spawning grounds to sea, has a duration in
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290:
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266:
700:
763:
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97:
17:
41:
802:
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Four special areas of conservation have been designated in
Ireland where
325:
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225:
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117:
911:
820:
807:
833:
265:
The twait shad is a typical herring-type fish and much resembles the
107:
671:
768:
274:
157:
755:
380:
In
England the Unlocking The Severn project, a consortium of the
249:. Conservation of this species is covered by Appendix III of the
924:
221:
675:
554:"1103 Twaite shad Alosa fallax - SAC selection species account"
417:
415:
413:
576:"Rare fish set for return to River Severn breeding grounds"
684:
623:"Unlocking the Severn | Canal & River Trust"
273:and the belly is more rounded than that of the
340:species, like many other species in the genus
508:Ecology of Freshwater Fish 18 (2009): 323-35.
8:
447:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T904A174776207.en
672:
59:
40:
31:
1009:Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède
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528:
526:
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520:
518:
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500:
498:
496:
494:
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504:Lochet, A., S. Boutry, and E. Rochard.
409:
255:European Community Habitats Directive
7:
795:3e3c6abd-52c6-4505-ba50-fdc31a18b5e5
974:IUCN Red List least concern species
433:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
422:Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008).
373:species have been known to spawn.
25:
541:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02768.x
336:species can hybridize. They are
84:
328:. Some studies have suggested
1:
994:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
324:). They are known to live in
253:and Appendix II and V of the
999:Marine fish of North Africa
316:has a similar lifecycle to
1030:
1014:Habitats Directive species
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
653:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
534:Journal of Fish Biology
384:, Severn Rivers Trust,
382:Canal & River Trust
984:Fish described in 1800
627:canalrivertrust.org.uk
543:77.5 (2010): 1137-149.
289:has large, plate-like
1004:Marine fish of Europe
989:Fish of the Black Sea
309:Biology and lifecycle
790:Fauna Europaea (new)
440:: e.T904A174776207.
396:around weirs on the
352:Population reduction
247:habitat destruction
51:Conservation status
386:Environment Agency
285:is ridged and the
220:) is a species of
961:
960:
933:Open Tree of Life
678:Taxon identifiers
558:jncc.defra.gov.uk
204:
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74:
16:(Redirected from
1021:
954:
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287:caudal peduncle
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251:Bern Convention
230:anadromous fish
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27:Species of fish
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651:Froese, Rainer
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564:on 2011-07-04.
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279:Baltic herring
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224:in the family
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172:A. fallax
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469:"Allis shad:
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181:Binomial name
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730:Alosa fallax
716:Alosa fallax
686:Alosa fallax
685:
662:
657:Alosa fallax
656:
630:. Retrieved
626:
617:
606:. Retrieved
604:. 2022-07-15
596:
584:. Retrieved
582:. 6 May 2021
579:
570:
562:the original
557:
548:
533:
505:
477:. Retrieved
475:. NatureGate
470:
463:
451:. Retrieved
437:
431:
426:Alosa fallax
425:
398:River Severn
392:is creating
379:
375:Alosa fallax
374:
370:
368:
365:Conservation
358:
355:
341:
333:
329:
317:
314:Alosa fallax
313:
312:
304:
301:Distribution
271:lateral line
269:. It has no
264:
217:Alosa fallax
216:
215:
211:
207:
205:
190:Alosa fallax
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
138:Clupeiformes
29:
829:iNaturalist
710:Wikispecies
479:14 December
471:Alosa alosa
453:15 November
394:fish passes
261:Description
239:overfishing
212:twaite shad
35:Twait shad
18:Twaite shad
968:Categories
632:2023-06-15
608:2023-06-15
404:References
338:anadromous
322:allis shad
283:gill cover
267:allis shad
208:twait shad
359:A. fallax
346:estuaries
330:A. fallax
295:operculum
243:pollution
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
847:10155246
803:FishBase
756:46562370
695:Wikidata
664:FishBase
580:BBC News
334:A. alosa
326:sympatry
318:A. alosa
226:Alosidae
197:Lacépède
148:Alosidae
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
821:2412623
701:Q217759
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
951:126415
938:463982
925:126415
899:278165
860:161716
782:304339
769:ALOSFA
291:scales
281:. The
199:, 1800
979:Alosa
946:WoRMS
842:IRMNG
834:93704
586:6 May
371:Alosa
342:Alosa
275:sprat
159:Alosa
920:OBIS
912:2097
894:NCBI
868:IUCN
855:ITIS
816:GBIF
808:5355
764:EPPO
743:C5M6
588:2021
481:2013
455:2021
438:2008
388:and
332:and
277:and
245:and
222:fish
206:The
881:NBN
873:904
751:EoL
738:CoL
725:ADW
537:doi
442:doi
210:or
970::
948::
935::
922::
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883::
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805::
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661:.
625:.
578:.
556:.
513:^
489:^
436:.
430:.
412:^
257:.
241:,
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659:"
655:"
635:.
611:.
590:.
539::
483:.
473:"
457:.
444::
428:"
424:"
320:(
214:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
