191:
333:
326:
53:
29:
43:
575:
3148:
589:
3158:
469:. Therefore, the emperor was often identified as the dragon, while the empress was the phoenix. The inclusion of the phoenix into the national symbol, opposite but equal to the dragon, can be seen as a symbol of women being equal to men, and a visual and poignant representation of women's rights in the new China.
1783:
2420:
2568:
1676:
2020:
1715:
2852:
2709:
360:. Oral tradition holds that he lived sometime between 2294 and 2184 BCE. According to the book, the emperor wished for the symbols to be used on official robes of the state.
1823:
3113:
1748:
1634:
514:, which again stresses the importance of agriculture as the basis of the country's wealth and prosperity. The shape on the emblem is based on a carved stone dating to the
1639:
1698:
496:
head, which symbolises courage and resolution, but also executive justice. The blade of the axe head is pointing downwards, the head is shaped like a sloping mountain.
2787:
2244:
1902:
863:
279:
were tasked with designing a new national emblem. It was presented on August 28, 1912, and was adopted as national emblem in
February 1913. President-Emperor
1139:
499:
Overlaid on the axe head are grains of rice, which symbolise nourishment and the country's agriculture. It can also be seen as a symbol of the concept of a
3123:
1149:
547:
underneath the axe represents two animals with their backside together. This symbolises the capability to make a clear distinction between right and wrong.
1479:
858:
263:
Following the end of Qing rule, new national symbols were deemed necessary by the leaders to represent the changed circumstances. The renowned writers
276:
190:
1818:
1803:
1703:
1560:
1518:
554:
sign is in the middle of complex interlacing ribbons, which connect the dragon, the phoenix and the axe to each other. The ribbons could symbolise
3062:
2573:
1724:
1052:
789:
2425:
1813:
875:
853:
2060:
1793:
1290:
363:
The symbols were considered most auspicious and therefore as a set were reserved only for the emperor to be shown on his ceremonial robes.
3192:
2780:
1788:
1159:
908:
3187:
3037:
1688:
1523:
903:
357:
1122:
46:
2872:
1533:
1510:
1474:
1330:
1325:
744:
533:
The mountains represent earth, the cups metal, the pondweed water, the rice grains wood, and fire, which are all representations of
332:
325:
3118:
2501:
2496:
2271:
1808:
1464:
870:
221:
56:
3077:
2982:
2491:
2239:
1983:
1912:
1469:
1197:
1164:
1037:
845:
661:
2773:
2548:
2188:
203:
109:
3087:
2832:
2822:
1671:
1661:
1459:
1454:
500:
123:
2882:
2671:
2666:
2078:
1391:
1337:
1305:
1132:
609:
52:
1067:
640:
2578:
2456:
2441:
2048:
2005:
1941:
1924:
1320:
830:
683:
535:
522:
1798:
2862:
2093:
1973:
1729:
1683:
1666:
1649:
1396:
1360:
1207:
782:
707:
602:
286:
Coins issued during this time feature the emblem. A variation of the emblem was shown on orders and illustrations.
1027:
3197:
3182:
3082:
3002:
2696:
2288:
2112:
1993:
1946:
1890:
1355:
1300:
913:
840:
526:
314:
2977:
2947:
2804:
2654:
2283:
2229:
2154:
1765:
1607:
1590:
1568:
1401:
1376:
1315:
1217:
970:
885:
580:
257:
1830:
28:
529:. These represent tranquility and steadiness. The fifth Center Great Mountain is represented by the axe head.
2972:
2942:
2827:
2817:
2704:
2486:
2202:
2088:
2083:
1988:
1963:
1907:
1741:
1693:
1528:
1449:
1444:
1386:
1310:
1295:
1154:
3032:
2997:
2992:
2907:
2902:
2857:
2847:
2659:
2466:
2300:
2256:
2234:
1931:
1381:
1285:
1092:
835:
367:
3012:
2962:
2922:
2917:
2877:
2867:
2812:
2649:
2644:
2599:
2535:
2446:
2149:
2098:
2036:
1758:
1595:
1583:
1573:
1342:
975:
775:
489:
256:
in the upper left corner. It became the first national flag of China and is usually referred to as the
42:
3042:
3017:
2932:
2912:
2892:
2375:
2323:
2183:
1978:
1953:
1880:
1875:
1710:
1602:
1578:
1436:
918:
3128:
3102:
3007:
2676:
2521:
2415:
2410:
2380:
2338:
2261:
2224:
2144:
2129:
1958:
1919:
1626:
1240:
1144:
895:
413:
384:
290:
3157:
3072:
3022:
2957:
2952:
2563:
2558:
2543:
2395:
2363:
2358:
2251:
2173:
2161:
2070:
1736:
1656:
1644:
1612:
1267:
1262:
1180:
880:
559:
302:
225:
3047:
3027:
2622:
2614:
2328:
2195:
2166:
2124:
2053:
2010:
1968:
1835:
1775:
1547:
1484:
1346:
1127:
1097:
923:
740:
736:
482:
348:
253:
3092:
2927:
2897:
2842:
2837:
2796:
2740:
2733:
2632:
2627:
2553:
2481:
2400:
2315:
2305:
2276:
2212:
2207:
2041:
2015:
2000:
1885:
1863:
1847:
1753:
1202:
1192:
1109:
1032:
987:
935:
825:
810:
802:
474:
446:
340:
229:
146:
3133:
3052:
2987:
2967:
2348:
2343:
2266:
2217:
2178:
1842:
1424:
1230:
1117:
594:
306:
294:
167:
2937:
2887:
2749:
2681:
2604:
2451:
2405:
2390:
2385:
2368:
2353:
2139:
1494:
1489:
1419:
1005:
406:
310:
77:
3176:
3151:
2714:
2461:
2295:
2134:
1936:
1257:
1245:
1087:
948:
241:
2754:
2639:
2511:
2476:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1057:
1047:
965:
960:
669:
511:
458:
388:
353:
272:
249:
245:
153:
366:
The national emblem arranges these symbols in such a way to reflect the order of
3161:
2333:
1250:
1235:
1042:
1000:
995:
943:
555:
515:
402:
280:
268:
2506:
1414:
1225:
953:
570:
434:
298:
2516:
2471:
1409:
1350:
630:
418:
81:
72:
693:
313:. The state emblem was therefore replaced with the Kuomintang party symbol
2591:
2584:
1897:
507:
426:
394:
On the back of the dragon is fire, which symbolises light and brightness.
371:
717:
391:
already featured on the national flag during the preceding Qing dynasty.
1020:
1015:
1010:
36:
228:
from 1913 to 1928. It was based on the ancient
Chinese symbols of the
2686:
283:
continued its use during his short imperial reign from 1915 to 1916.
264:
211:
2765:
798:
662:"Phoenix and Dragon Subsidiary Coins: For Pu-Yi's Wedding or Not?"
331:
324:
189:
767:
248:
did not have an official state emblem, but the flag featured the
453:), which is a sacrificial cup, symbolising devotion and loyalty.
398:
2769:
771:
429:
or algae in its right talon, a symbol of purity and brightness.
493:
478:
387:
is a dragon, which symbolizes strength and adaptability. The
438:
stars, which symbolise happiness, prosperity and longevity.
422:, or pheasant-phoenix, and represents peace and refinement.
301:
party led to the overthrow of the fractious but legitimate
194:
Commander-in-Chief Flag of the
Republic of China, 1912–1928
521:
The downward-pointing blade of the axe head features a
457:
The dragon and phoenix represent the natural world. In
172:
158:
432:
Behind its head are three stars, which could be the
346:
These are first mentioned as already ancient in the
3101:
3061:
2803:
2695:
2613:
2534:
2434:
2314:
2111:
2069:
2029:
1862:
1774:
1625:
1559:
1546:
1509:
1435:
1369:
1278:
1216:
1179:
1108:
986:
934:
894:
818:
809:
166:
152:
145:
140:
122:
108:
99:
87:
71:
63:
35:
21:
339:The emblem is based on the ancient symbols of the
397:Behind the head of the dragon is the crescent
252:on a plain yellow field with a red sun of the
2781:
783:
441:Both creatures hold in one of each claws the
128:
114:
8:
16:Emblem of the Republic of China (1913–1928)
2788:
2774:
2766:
2431:
2117:
1868:
1556:
1552:
1213:
1185:
815:
790:
776:
768:
506:In the center of the axe head framed by a
137:
759:
716:(in Chinese). 2010-12-22. Archived from
692:(in Chinese). 2012-04-16. Archived from
622:
1725:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
96:
18:
7:
632:民國十二年【龍鳳黼黻】銀幣、鉛樣及【十二章】(2014-05-07補充)
477:on top is an abstract symbol of the
2421:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
358:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
309:under the Kuomintang known as the
14:
1716:Political Consultative Conference
510:is a simplified symbol of a rice
488:In the middle functioning as the
3156:
3147:
3146:
2502:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
2497:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
733:Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs
666:Chinese Numismatics in Hong Kong
587:
573:
51:
41:
27:
2492:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
1689:Political parties and movements
1053:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1038:Northern and Southern dynasties
643:from the original on 2016-03-03
405:who is constantly pounding the
356:, who was one of the legendary
240:The Empire of China during the
3114:British Indian Ocean Territory
461:terminology, a dragon is male
220:) was the state emblem of the
216:
207:
200:Twelve Symbols national emblem
173:
159:
129:
115:
100:Twelve Symbols national emblem
22:Twelve Symbols national emblem
1:
501:moderately prosperous society
1794:Ministry of National Defense
1133:Chinese Communist Revolution
610:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
2457:Flowers of the Four Seasons
2442:Four Treasures of the Study
2061:Water supply and sanitation
1789:Central Military Commission
1784:Outline of military history
1534:Province-level subdivisions
731:Williams, C. A. S. (2001).
305:in 1928. This ushered in a
174:Shih2-erh4 chang1 kuo2-hui1
3214:
3193:Coats of arms with dragons
1730:Primary stage of socialism
1672:National People's Congress
1140:People's Republic of China
603:Five Races Under One Union
3188:National symbols of China
3142:
2727:
2120:
1871:
1555:
1480:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
1188:
465:and the phoenix a female
450:
315:Blue Sky with a White Sun
184:
136:
104:
26:
2863:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2655:Catholic Church in China
1799:People's Liberation Army
1766:One country, two systems
708:
684:
636:
631:
581:Republic of China portal
110:Traditional Chinese
3124:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2487:Four Pillars of Destiny
2272:Regional discrimination
1694:Chinese Communist Party
124:Simplified Chinese
2240:Science and technology
1913:Special economic zones
1165:persecution of Uyghurs
1093:Century of humiliation
336:
329:
195:
2447:Four Great Inventions
1831:People's Armed Police
525:in shape of the four
335:
328:
277:Ministry of Education
193:
3038:United Arab Emirates
2426:World Heritage Sites
1954:Foreign aid received
1662:Environmental policy
1460:Environmental policy
1455:Environmental issues
3065:limited recognition
2672:History of religion
2667:Freedom of religion
2522:Four Pests campaign
2467:Four Classic Novels
2079:Automotive industry
1959:Foreign aid program
1650:Pro-democratisation
1145:Cultural Revolution
291:Northern Expedition
217:Shí'èr zhāng Guóhuī
160:Shí'èr zhāng Guóhuī
2579:Population history
2559:Internal migration
2174:Harmonious Society
2049:Telecommunications
2006:Standard of living
1925:Online advertising
1677:Standing Committee
560:Harmonious Society
425:The phoenix holds
385:supporter sinister
337:
330:
303:Beiyang government
258:Yellow Dragon Flag
196:
3170:
3169:
3107:other territories
2763:
2762:
2723:
2722:
2530:
2529:
2107:
2106:
2094:Shipping industry
1858:
1857:
1824:Strategic Support
1699:General Secretary
1684:National security
1667:Foreign relations
1621:
1620:
1542:
1541:
1505:
1504:
1208:Natural disasters
1175:
1174:
1128:Chinese Civil War
1123:Republic of China
1098:Taiping Rebellion
971:Spring and Autumn
876:Foreign relations
737:Tuttle Publishing
483:three-legged crow
473:Featuring as the
349:Book of Documents
254:three-legged crow
226:Republic of China
188:
187:
180:
179:
147:Standard Mandarin
95:
94:
47:Republic of China
3205:
3198:Chinese heraldry
3183:National emblems
3160:
3150:
3149:
3119:Christmas Island
2805:Sovereign states
2797:Armorial of Asia
2790:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2743:
2736:
2633:Tibetan Buddhism
2628:Chinese Buddhism
2482:Four Holy Beasts
2432:
2284:Social relations
2213:Standard Chinese
2208:Chinese language
2118:
1903:Economic history
1869:
1848:Maritime Militia
1557:
1553:
1524:Border crossings
1519:Baseline islands
1214:
1186:
1150:Tiananmen Square
1033:Sixteen Kingdoms
841:Military history
816:
792:
785:
778:
769:
763:
757:
751:
750:
735:(4th ed.).
728:
722:
721:
704:
698:
697:
680:
674:
673:
668:. Archived from
658:
652:
651:
649:
648:
627:
597:
592:
591:
590:
583:
578:
577:
576:
527:sacred mountains
452:
414:supporter dexter
341:Twelve Ornaments
230:Twelve Ornaments
218:
209:
176:
175:
162:
161:
138:
132:
131:
118:
117:
97:
55:
45:
31:
19:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3138:
3106:
3097:
3078:Northern Cyprus
3064:
3057:
2799:
2794:
2764:
2759:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2719:
2691:
2609:
2569:Life expectancy
2526:
2430:
2310:
2230:Public holidays
2218:Written Chinese
2203:Intellectualism
2155:Sex trafficking
2103:
2065:
2025:
1854:
1770:
1617:
1608:Nationality law
1591:Law enforcement
1569:Judicial system
1538:
1501:
1475:Nature reserves
1465:Protected areas
1431:
1402:Water resources
1365:
1274:
1212:
1171:
1155:Economic reform
1118:1911 Revolution
1104:
1068:Jin (1115–1234)
982:
930:
890:
805:
796:
766:
760:Williams (2001)
758:
754:
747:
739:. p. 386.
730:
729:
725:
710:
706:
705:
701:
686:
682:
681:
677:
660:
659:
655:
646:
644:
638:
633:
629:
628:
624:
620:
613:national anthem
595:Heraldry portal
593:
588:
586:
579:
574:
572:
569:
380:
323:
307:one-party state
295:Chiang Kai-shek
293:led by General
238:
222:Empire of China
57:Empire of China
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3211:
3209:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Four Gentlemen
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2435:Fours of China
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Civil aviation
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2031:
2030:Infrastructure
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Semiconductors
1981:
1976:
1966:
1964:Historical GDP
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1742:Vice President
1734:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1588:
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1515:
1513:
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1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:National parks
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Climate policy
1447:
1445:Climate change
1441:
1439:
1433:
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1417:
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1399:
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1379:
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1367:
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1351:Central Plains
1340:
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1200:
1198:Extreme points
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1189:
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1157:
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1025:
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1023:
1018:
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1006:Three Kingdoms
1003:
998:
992:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
979:
978:
976:Warring States
973:
968:
958:
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956:
946:
940:
938:
932:
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929:
928:
927:
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916:
906:
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888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
867:
866:
861:
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848:
843:
838:
836:Historiography
833:
828:
822:
820:
813:
807:
806:
797:
795:
794:
787:
780:
772:
765:
764:
762:, p. 387.
752:
745:
723:
720:on 2013-03-30.
699:
696:on 2014-12-05.
675:
672:on 2002-06-10.
653:
639:(in Chinese).
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
606:
599:
598:
584:
568:
565:
564:
563:
548:
531:
530:
519:
504:
497:
486:
455:
454:
439:
430:
423:
410:
407:elixir of life
395:
392:
379:
376:
322:
319:
311:Nanjing decade
237:
234:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
170:
164:
163:
156:
150:
149:
143:
142:
141:Transcriptions
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
112:
106:
105:
102:
101:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
78:Chinese dragon
75:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
39:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3210:
3199:
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3186:
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3163:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3145:
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3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:South Ossetia
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3054:
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3001:
2999:
2996:
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2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2660:Protestantism
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Folk religion
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
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2621:
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2575:
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2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Ethnic groups
2547:
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2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
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2500:
2498:
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2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Four Beauties
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
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2433:
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2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Urban society
2299:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:Social issues
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Rural society
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2197:
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2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Chinese Dream
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2099:Space program
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
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1861:
1849:
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1797:
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1787:
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1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:State Council
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
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1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
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1678:
1675:
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1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Civil service
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
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1589:
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1580:
1577:
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1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:South Central
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Jin (266–420)
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
989:
985:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
933:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Ethnic groups
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
821:
817:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
788:
786:
781:
779:
774:
773:
770:
761:
756:
753:
748:
746:0-8048-3704-X
742:
738:
734:
727:
724:
719:
715:
711:
703:
700:
695:
691:
687:
679:
676:
671:
667:
663:
657:
654:
642:
634:
626:
623:
617:
612:
611:
607:
605:national flag
604:
601:
600:
596:
585:
582:
571:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
546:
543:The figure 亞
542:
541:
540:
538:
537:
528:
524:
523:hardened edge
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:
498:
495:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
470:
468:
464:
460:
448:
444:
440:
437:
436:
431:
428:
424:
421:
420:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
390:
386:
382:
381:
377:
375:
373:
369:
364:
361:
359:
355:
351:
350:
344:
342:
334:
327:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213:
205:
201:
192:
183:
171:
169:
165:
157:
155:
151:
148:
144:
139:
135:
127:
125:
121:
113:
111:
107:
103:
98:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
67:February 1913
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
44:
40:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3103:Dependencies
3033:Turkmenistan
2998:Saudi Arabia
2650:Christianity
2640:Confucianism
2600:Urbanization
2536:Demographics
2512:Gang of Four
2477:Four Symbols
2376:Martial arts
2150:Prostitution
2037:Architecture
1891:Central bank
1759:Vice Premier
1711:United front
1640:Constitution
1596:Penal system
1574:Human rights
1511:Subdivisions
1349: /
1345: /
1268:Southwestern
1263:Northwestern
966:Western Zhou
914:Yellow River
864:1949–present
755:
732:
726:
718:the original
713:
702:
694:the original
689:
678:
670:the original
665:
656:
645:. Retrieved
625:
608:
551:
544:
534:
532:
466:
462:
459:yin and yang
456:
442:
433:
417:
389:azure dragon
365:
362:
354:Emperor Shun
347:
345:
338:
288:
285:
273:Xu Shoushang
262:
250:azure dragon
246:Qing dynasty
239:
215:
199:
197:
154:Hanyu Pinyin
3162:Asia portal
3063:States with
2983:Philippines
2923:South Korea
2918:North Korea
2813:Afghanistan
2416:Variety art
2411:Tea culture
2339:Calligraphy
2324:Archaeology
2184:Food safety
1979:Gold mining
1881:Aquaculture
1876:Agriculture
1836:Coast Guard
1603:Naming laws
1437:Environment
1425:South China
904:Paleolithic
896:Prehistoric
854:before 1912
556:Great Unity
516:Han dynasty
403:moon rabbit
370:in western
368:achievement
281:Yuan Shikai
269:Qian Daosun
59:(1915–1916)
49:(1913–1928)
3177:Categories
3043:Uzbekistan
3018:Tajikistan
2933:Kyrgyzstan
2913:Kazakhstan
2833:Bangladesh
2823:Azerbaijan
2677:Irreligion
2574:Statistics
2544:Emigration
2507:Four Wangs
2396:Philosophy
2381:Mass media
2364:Literature
2262:Patriarchy
2225:Propaganda
2145:Corruption
2130:Censorship
1920:E-commerce
1627:Government
1420:East China
1392:Waterfalls
1338:Peninsulas
1306:Grasslands
714:douban.com
647:2014-11-26
618:References
490:escutcheon
435:Fu Lu Shou
299:Kuomintang
168:Wade–Giles
73:Supporters
3129:Hong Kong
3083:Palestine
3008:Sri Lanka
3003:Singapore
2883:Indonesia
2564:Languages
2517:Four Olds
2472:Four arts
2359:Libraries
2289:Structure
2252:Sexuality
2189:incidents
2162:Education
2071:Transport
1947:Renewable
1942:Petroleum
1737:President
1704:Politburo
1657:Elections
1645:Democracy
1613:Terrorism
1361:Volcanoes
1343:Northeast
1321:Mountains
1231:Northeast
1181:Geography
1088:High Qing
909:Neolithic
881:Dynasties
859:1912–1949
850:Economic
819:Overviews
709:鲁迅设计的民国国徽
690:guokr.com
419:fenghuang
275:from the
91:1913–1928
82:Fenghuang
3152:Category
3073:Abkhazia
3023:Thailand
2978:Pakistan
2958:Mongolia
2953:Maldives
2948:Malaysia
2848:Cambodia
2750:Category
2623:Buddhism
2615:Religion
2592:Post-90s
2585:Post-80s
2329:Archives
2196:HIV/AIDS
2167:Literacy
2125:Abortion
2054:Internet
2011:Taxation
1994:Textiles
1974:Chemical
1969:Industry
1898:Currency
1776:Military
1584:in Tibet
1548:Politics
1485:Wildlife
1397:Wetlands
1160:COVID-19
988:Imperial
886:Monarchs
846:Language
831:Timeline
803:articles
685:古代服饰之十二章
641:Archived
567:See also
508:pentagon
427:pondweed
372:heraldry
297:and the
224:and the
3048:Vietnam
2963:Myanmar
2943:Lebanon
2873:Georgia
2828:Bahrain
2818:Armenia
2734:Outline
2697:Symbols
2554:Eunuchs
2401:Smoking
2349:Cuisine
2316:Culture
2306:Welfare
2277:Suicide
2245:history
2113:Society
2042:Housing
2016:Tourism
2001:Poverty
1886:Banking
1864:Economy
1843:Militia
1754:Premier
1356:Valleys
1316:Islands
1301:Deserts
1291:Canyons
1279:Terrain
1258:Western
1246:Central
1218:Regions
1203:Geology
1193:Borders
936:Ancient
919:Yangtze
826:History
811:History
536:wu xing
492:is the
481:of the
447:Chinese
401:of the
378:Symbols
236:History
204:Chinese
64:Adopted
37:Armiger
3093:Taiwan
3028:Turkey
2993:Russia
2928:Kuwait
2908:Jordan
2898:Israel
2858:Cyprus
2843:Brunei
2838:Bhutan
2755:Portal
2710:Emblem
2705:Anthem
2687:Taoism
2369:Poetry
2344:Cinema
2267:Racism
2179:Health
1932:Energy
1908:Reform
1819:Rocket
1804:Ground
1529:Cities
1415:Yellow
1387:Rivers
1377:Canals
1331:passes
1326:ranges
1110:Modern
801:
743:
449::
443:zongyi
321:Design
271:, and
265:Lu Xun
242:Manchu
214::
212:pinyin
206::
3134:Macau
3053:Yemen
3013:Syria
2988:Qatar
2968:Nepal
2903:Japan
2878:India
2868:Egypt
2853:China
2741:Index
2682:Islam
2605:Women
2406:Sport
2391:Names
2386:Music
2354:Dance
2140:Crime
2021:Trade
1989:Steel
1495:Flora
1490:Fauna
1410:Bohai
1406:Seas
1382:Lakes
1370:Water
1347:North
1311:Hills
1296:Caves
1251:South
1236:North
949:Shang
799:China
475:crest
416:is a
244:-led
208:十二章國徽
130:十二章国徽
116:十二章國徽
2973:Oman
2938:Laos
2893:Iraq
2888:Iran
2715:Flag
2296:Time
2089:Rail
1937:Coal
1809:Navy
1579:LGBT
1286:Bays
1226:East
1083:Qing
1078:Ming
1073:Yuan
1063:Song
1058:Liao
1048:Tang
961:Zhou
954:Late
924:Liao
741:ISBN
637:钱币纵横
558:and
550:The
463:yang
412:The
399:moon
383:The
289:The
198:The
3105:and
2334:Art
1814:Air
1561:Law
1043:Sui
1016:Han
1011:Wei
1001:Han
996:Qin
944:Xia
635:.
512:ear
494:axe
479:sun
467:yin
352:by
88:Use
3179::
1021:Wu
712:.
688:.
664:.
552:fu
545:fu
539:.
451:宗彝
374:.
343:.
317:.
267:,
260:.
232:.
210:;
80:,
2789:e
2782:t
2775:v
2594:"
2590:"
2587:"
2583:"
791:e
784:t
777:v
749:.
650:.
562:.
518:.
503:.
485:.
445:(
409:.
202:(
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