31:
180:. Wartime needs for military manpower depleted football rosters as players joined military units. Free substitution — apparently intended to help lesser players by allowing longer rest breaks — was implemented in a rule change made April 7, 1943, "for the duration" of the war effort. This was paired with a one-year rule change made in August reducing the size of wartime NFL rosters from 33 players to 28, in an effort to reduce the impact of travel to and from games.
1336:
163:
and never finished lower than 11th. Success inspired emulation across the country. Team size increased to provide for the increased demand for starting manpower, and the costs of scholarships and travel increased accordingly — putting financial strain on smaller institutions as they attempted to keep
121:
This is to say that, once removed for a substitute, a player was lost to his team for the duration of the quarter. Illegal return of a player to the field was regarded as a severe infraction of the rules, with the returning player ejected from the game and his team assessed a massive 25-yard penalty.
113:
Before 1941, virtually all football players saw action on "both sides of the ball," alternating in both offensive and defensive roles. Prior to 1932, a player removed during the first half could not return to the field until the second half, while a player removed in the second half was lost for the
209:
Starting with the 1953 season, the NCAA emplaced a set of new rules requiring the use of a one-platoon system, primarily for financial reasons. One source indicated that only one player was allowed to be substituted between plays; however, according to the NCAA, the actual rule allowed a player to
186:
In 1946, with the war over, roster size was expanded to the pre-war 33-man limit. At the same time, there was a desire to balance the one-platoon tradition with the trend towards mass substitutions, so a rule was adopted limiting player substitutions to no more than three men at a time. The roster
152:. Although Michigan lost the game 28–7, Crisler's use of eight players who played only on offense, eight who played only on defense, and three that played both ways, impressed Blaik enough for him to adopt it for his own team. Blaik, a former soldier himself, was the one who began using the word "
210:
enter the game only once in each quarter. More precisely, a player leaving the game in the first or third quarter could not return until the beginning of the next quarter, and a player leaving the game in the second or fourth quarter could not return until the final four minutes of that quarter.
99:
One-platoon football is seen currently mostly on lower-end and smaller teams at the high school and semi-pro levels, where player shortages and talent disparities necessitate it. Current teams with sufficient numbers of talented players no longer use the one-platoon system.
194:, but once again this was paired with a reduction rather than an increase in roster size, this time from 35 down to 32. Unlimited free substitution was adopted on a permanent basis on January 23, 1950, with rosters gradually growing from 32 to 36 players ahead of the
135:
Although this rule change had the practical effect of allowing alternating mass substitutions of entire squads for offense and defense, such a substitution strategy was not immediately put to use. The first known use of the "two-platoon" system was by
66:
whereby the same players were expected to stay on the field for the entire game, playing both offense and defense as required. Players removed for a substitute were lost to their teams for the duration of the half (until 1932) or quarter (until 1941).
229:
For the 1964 season, the NCAA repealed the rules enforcing its use and allowed an unlimited number of player substitutions. This allowed, starting with the 1964 season, teams to form separate offensive and defensive units as well as
128:
A major change in the governing rules of the sport was made ahead of the 1941 college football season. Instead of removed players being lost for the quarter, a new unlimited substitution rule was implemented, providing simply,
234:" which would be employed in kicking situations. By the early 1970s, however, some university administrators, coaches and others were calling for a return to the days of one-platoon football.
1372:
646:
131:"A player may be substituted for another at any time, but such player may not be withdrawn from, nor the outgoing player returned to, the game until one play has intervened."
593:
119:"A player may be substituted for another at any time, but a player withdrawn from the game may not return in the same period or intermission in which he was withdrawn."
125:
Substitutions under this "one-platoon system" were thus made individually and strategically based upon time on the clock, field position, and player exhaustion.
1582:
619:
1440:
573:
96:(NCAA) returned to the one-platoon system for 1953, gradually liberalizing substitution rules until a full return to two-platoon football was made in 1964.
520:
403:
333:
2167:
35:
1365:
639:
93:
2182:
89:. In the college game, the major rules switch allowing two platoons came ahead of the 1941 season — a change first emulated by the NFL in 1943.
2260:
446:
538:
74:(or simply the "platoon system"), which makes use of separate offensive and defensive units. (In the contemporary game a third platoon of
1416:
1401:
1358:
1339:
632:
2131:
1411:
1675:
1072:
1041:
983:
561:
438:
255:
2162:
1735:
1670:
1502:
422:
1980:
1720:
1572:
1497:
973:
201:
Despite the NCAA's return to the one-platoon system in 1953, the NFL has maintained unlimited free substitution since 1949.
2229:
2177:
2010:
2005:
1665:
1622:
1450:
1285:
1215:
1112:
211:
2152:
2110:
2106:
2102:
1830:
1660:
1577:
1406:
251:
137:
2209:
2121:
1813:
913:
247:
145:
43:
494:
2219:
1521:
1487:
958:
655:
1985:
1975:
1919:
1482:
1093:
782:
183:
The free substitution rule was renewed for another year at the April owners' meeting in 1944, and again in 1945.
30:
2000:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1796:
1791:
1690:
1680:
1305:
173:
86:
39:
2204:
1685:
1592:
1526:
1423:
1238:
1098:
690:
2234:
1886:
1280:
1250:
963:
1233:
316:
The
Official National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Guide: Including the Official Rules, 1941.
2224:
2071:
1949:
1180:
1140:
1062:
757:
92:
Due to budgetary pressures associated with expanded scholarship and travel costs, member schools of the
2214:
2040:
1927:
1725:
1533:
1321:
1145:
988:
968:
267:
2239:
2045:
1543:
1492:
720:
679:
578:
2189:
1937:
1932:
1462:
1170:
1165:
1036:
772:
762:
674:
525:
408:
338:
71:
159:
Between 1946 and 1950, Blaik's two-platoon teams twice finished the season ranked second in the
2199:
2035:
1914:
1858:
1740:
1634:
1567:
1457:
1435:
1396:
1381:
1223:
1190:
1150:
953:
865:
752:
557:
464:
442:
434:
285:
George C. Nilan, "It Can Never Happen Again: The New Rules Make
Drastic Changes in the Game,"
63:
2081:
2020:
1944:
1909:
1639:
1550:
1472:
1088:
1004:
893:
730:
725:
715:
82:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1228:
2194:
1853:
1771:
1756:
1560:
1300:
1200:
1185:
1160:
1067:
923:
740:
195:
191:
2076:
2066:
2050:
2015:
1781:
1776:
1695:
1445:
1430:
1295:
1205:
1175:
1009:
938:
800:
767:
735:
243:
215:
156:" for this football substitution strategy, in reference to the type of military unit.
59:
190:
A move back to unlimited free substitution was made for another one year trial in the
187:
limit was expanded to 35 players in 1948, but the 3-at-a-time rule remained in place.
2254:
2157:
2147:
2030:
1995:
1990:
1555:
1477:
745:
594:"Billings Outlaws spoil Heron O'Neal's homecoming in big victory over Salina Liberty"
231:
141:
75:
2126:
2086:
2025:
1959:
1954:
1843:
1766:
1761:
1538:
1290:
978:
948:
943:
918:
860:
795:
705:
426:
177:
551:
2172:
1848:
1818:
1135:
1130:
1120:
903:
875:
870:
855:
845:
790:
710:
17:
2116:
1901:
1730:
1612:
1607:
1260:
1195:
933:
908:
885:
850:
840:
830:
815:
810:
805:
1350:
624:
389:
Jim
Heffernan (ed.), "Waivers, Cutdown Dates, Move List, and Player Limits",
246:
used a limited one-platoon system (from which quarterbacks, kickers and one "
221:
NCAA substitution rules were gradually liberalized over the next 11 seasons.
1891:
1808:
1801:
1715:
1627:
928:
898:
835:
825:
820:
149:
176:, changes in substitution rules were initially driven by the realities of
1786:
1655:
1617:
303:
Official Foot Ball Rules of the
National Collegiate Athletic Association.
431:
Border Wars: The First Fifty Years of
Atlantic Coast Conference Football
1155:
1125:
1046:
160:
153:
117:
From 1932 until 1940 another substitution rule was used, which stated,
1838:
38:, whose positions were listed in their college yearbook simply as
29:
1467:
1354:
628:
472:
2016 NCAA Football
Records: Football Bowl Subdivision Records
378:
The
Official National Football League Football Encyclopedia
362:
The
Official National Football League Football Encyclopedia
620:
Wilmington Sunday Star article on its 1953 reintroduction
218:
praised the change as the end of "chickenshit football".
81:
Each system has been used at different times in
American
539:
17 Reasons Why Knute Rockne Wouldn't
Recognize This Game
305:
New York: American Sports Publishing Co., 1934; p. 18.
2140:
2095:
2059:
1968:
1900:
1867:
1829:
1749:
1708:
1648:
1600:
1591:
1511:
1389:
1314:
1214:
1111:
1081:
1055:
1029:
1022:
997:
884:
781:
698:
688:
662:
393:, New York: National Football League, 1969; p. 109.
250:" were exempt) from its inception until 2007. The
459:
457:
455:
364:. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1952; p. 21.
529:, 3 September 1990, retrieved 20 January 2009.
412:, 29 November 1954, retrieved 20 January 2009.
1366:
640:
8:
318:New York: A.S. Barnes and Co., 1941; p. 244.
541:, Athlon Sports, retrieved 20 January 2009.
391:National Football League 1969 Record Manual
1597:
1373:
1359:
1351:
1026:
695:
647:
633:
625:
574:One-platoon football seen as a money saver
372:
370:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
297:
295:
252:2024 revival of the Arena Football League
36:1935 New Hampshire Wildcats football team
94:National Collegiate Athletic Association
278:
289:New York: Fiction House, 1932; pg. 84.
168:Unlimited substitution in pro football
109:The platoon system in college football
328:
326:
324:
225:Elimination of the one-platoon system
205:NCAA return to the one-platoon system
7:
258:but abandoned it after three weeks.
27:Platoon system in American football
553:The Express: The Ernie Davis Story
493:Grothe, Peter (January 20, 1953).
287:Illustrated Football Annual, 1932.
164:up with their larger competitors.
25:
1503:Rules of gridiron football codes
1335:
1334:
465:"College Football Rules Changes"
148:team under head coach "Colonel"
60:rule-driven substitution pattern
254:reintroduced the system in its
421:K. Adam Powell, Woody Durham,
404:Thumbs Down On The One Platoon
70:Existing alternatively is the
1:
2261:American football terminology
556:, p. 63, Random House, 2008,
423:"An Era of Change (1963-1968)
1441:American–Canadian comparison
592:Letasky, John (2024-05-18).
2277:
656:American football strategy
301:Football Rules Committee,
1330:
433:, Scarecrow Press, 2004,
2001:Total quarterback rating
314:Walter R. Okeson (ed.).
174:National Football League
87:National Football League
78:players are also used).
1887:Fourth down conversion
161:Associated Press polls
47:
2225:Touchdown celebration
1950:Running out the clock
550:Robert C. Gallagher,
214:head coach "General"
42:(four, standing) and
33:
2215:Running up the score
2041:Yards from scrimmage
1726:Two-point conversion
1721:One-point conversion
1322:Resting the starters
1216:Defensive formations
1113:Offensive formations
582:, November 22, 1974.
268:Substitution (sport)
172:With respect to the
2046:All-purpose yardage
579:The Free-Lance Star
521:One Is More Like It
519:Douglas S. Looney,
495:"Punts and Pitches"
360:Roger Treat (ed.),
342:, 3 September 1990.
334:One Is More Like It
332:Douglas S. Looney,
144:in 1945 against an
1023:Defensive strategy
526:Sports Illustrated
499:The Stanford Daily
409:Sports Illustrated
339:Sports Illustrated
72:two-platoon system
52:one-platoon system
48:
46:(seven, kneeling).
2248:
2247:
2036:Yards after catch
1859:Turnover on downs
1704:
1703:
1635:Line of scrimmage
1382:Gridiron football
1348:
1347:
1107:
1106:
1018:
1017:
964:Statue of Liberty
447:978-0-8108-4839-9
64:American football
56:iron man football
54:, also known as "
16:(Redirected from
2268:
2082:Three-cone drill
1945:Clock management
1640:Field goal range
1598:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1338:
1337:
1089:Icing the kicker
1027:
1005:Clock management
959:Hook and lateral
894:Play-action pass
696:
649:
642:
635:
626:
608:
607:
605:
604:
589:
583:
571:
565:
548:
542:
536:
530:
517:
511:
510:
508:
506:
490:
484:
483:
481:
479:
469:
461:
450:
419:
413:
400:
394:
387:
381:
374:
365:
358:
343:
330:
319:
312:
306:
299:
290:
283:
256:inaugural season
150:Earl "Red" Blaik
83:college football
21:
18:Two-way football
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2195:Gatorade shower
2136:
2091:
2055:
2011:Receiving yards
1964:
1896:
1863:
1825:
1772:Incomplete pass
1745:
1700:
1644:
1587:
1507:
1488:Street/Backyard
1385:
1379:
1349:
1344:
1326:
1310:
1239:Seattle Cover 3
1210:
1201:Minnesota shift
1161:Single set back
1103:
1077:
1051:
1014:
993:
989:Tackle-eligible
969:Halfback option
924:Fake field goal
880:
777:
741:Run-pass option
684:
658:
653:
616:
614:Further reading
611:
602:
600:
591:
590:
586:
572:
568:
549:
545:
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518:
514:
504:
502:
492:
491:
487:
477:
475:
467:
463:
462:
453:
420:
416:
402:Clarence Munn,
401:
397:
388:
384:
375:
368:
359:
346:
331:
322:
313:
309:
300:
293:
284:
280:
276:
264:
240:
227:
207:
196:1959 NFL season
192:1949 NFL season
170:
111:
106:
34:Members of the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2132:Instant replay
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2077:Oklahoma drill
2074:
2069:
2067:Practice squad
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2051:Touchdown pass
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Pass deflected
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:Time warnings
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1854:"Peanut Punch"
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Hail Mary pass
1779:
1777:Drop-back pass
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1741:Single (rouge)
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
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1620:
1615:
1604:
1602:
1595:
1589:
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1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1544:Junior varsity
1541:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1512:Levels of play
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1446:Burnside rules
1443:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1318:
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1309:
1308:
1303:
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1283:
1278:
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1268:
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1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1206:Notre Dame Box
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1010:Hail Mary pass
1007:
1001:
999:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:Fake procedure
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
890:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
785:
779:
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776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
749:
748:
743:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:
700:
693:
686:
685:
683:
682:
677:
672:
666:
664:
660:
659:
654:
652:
651:
644:
637:
629:
623:
622:
615:
612:
610:
609:
584:
566:
543:
531:
512:
485:
451:
414:
395:
382:
366:
344:
320:
307:
291:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
263:
260:
244:arena football
239:
238:Arena football
236:
226:
223:
216:Robert Neyland
206:
203:
169:
166:
110:
107:
105:
102:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2273:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Coaching tree
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Total offense
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Passer rating
1994:
1992:
1991:Passing yards
1989:
1987:
1986:Rushing yards
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
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1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Three-and-out
1880:
1878:
1875:
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1866:
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1857:
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1752:
1750:Ball handling
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
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1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
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1714:
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1707:
1697:
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1679:
1677:
1676:Coffin corner
1674:
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1583:International
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1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:Youth/midget
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1504:
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1025:
1021:
1011:
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1003:
1002:
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996:
990:
987:
985:
984:Swinging gate
982:
980:
977:
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972:
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965:
962:
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947:
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789:
788:
786:
784:
780:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:Run and shoot
756:
754:
751:
747:
746:Triple option
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
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681:
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650:
645:
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638:
636:
631:
630:
627:
621:
618:
617:
613:
599:
598:406 MT SPORTS
595:
588:
585:
581:
580:
575:
570:
567:
563:
562:0-345-51086-0
559:
555:
554:
547:
544:
540:
535:
532:
528:
527:
522:
516:
513:
500:
496:
489:
486:
474:. p. 188
473:
466:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:0-8108-4839-2
436:
432:
428:
424:
418:
415:
411:
410:
405:
399:
396:
392:
386:
383:
379:
376:Treat (ed.),
373:
371:
367:
363:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
340:
335:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
311:
308:
304:
298:
296:
292:
288:
282:
279:
273:
269:
266:
265:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:The sport of
237:
235:
233:
232:special teams
224:
222:
219:
217:
213:
204:
202:
199:
197:
193:
188:
184:
181:
179:
175:
167:
165:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:Fritz Crisler
139:
133:
132:
126:
123:
120:
115:
108:
103:
101:
97:
95:
90:
88:
84:
79:
77:
76:special teams
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
2235:Trading card
2127:Penalty flag
2087:Film session
2026:Return yards
1960:Garbage time
1955:Untimed play
1844:Interception
1762:Forward pass
1671:Neutral zone
1573:Professional
1306:8-in-the-box
1063:Bump and run
949:Fumblerooski
944:Flea flicker
721:Buck-lateral
680:Play calling
669:
601:. Retrieved
597:
587:
577:
569:
552:
546:
534:
524:
515:
503:. Retrieved
498:
488:
476:. Retrieved
471:
430:
427:Google Books
417:
407:
398:
390:
385:
377:
361:
337:
315:
310:
302:
286:
281:
241:
228:
220:
208:
200:
189:
185:
182:
178:World War II
171:
158:
134:
130:
127:
124:
118:
116:
112:
98:
91:
80:
69:
55:
51:
49:
2240:Twelfth man
2173:Football IQ
2163:Concussions
2096:Officiating
1849:Muffed punt
1819:Onside kick
1534:High school
1181:Pistol-Flex
1141:Single-wing
954:Hidden ball
904:Double pass
886:Trick plays
866:Stop-and-go
711:Air Coryell
675:Two-platoon
670:One-platoon
501:. p. 3
140:head coach
85:and in the
2178:Formations
2117:Chain crew
2072:Two-a-days
1981:Completion
1969:Statistics
1902:Play clock
1877:First down
1731:Field goal
1613:Hash marks
1608:Yard lines
1522:Pop Warner
1498:Wheelchair
1493:Powderpuff
1196:Jump shift
1146:Short punt
1037:Man-to-man
974:Hard count
934:Fake spike
909:End-around
773:West Coast
763:Smashmouth
689:Offensive
603:2024-05-23
274:References
248:specialist
2230:Tuck rule
2210:Positions
2190:Letterman
2168:Equipment
2006:Reception
1892:Dead ball
1831:Turnovers
1809:Drop kick
1802:Touchback
1716:Touchdown
1666:Dead zone
1628:Sidelines
1623:Goal line
1234:Miami 4–3
1056:Coverages
929:Fake punt
753:Pro-style
212:Tennessee
2255:Category
2220:Strategy
2200:Overtime
2153:Blocking
2111:Canadian
2107:American
2103:Official
2060:Practice
1787:Hand-off
1661:Red zone
1656:End zone
1618:End line
1568:Semi-pro
1451:Glossary
1436:Canadian
1402:Glossary
1397:American
1384:concepts
1340:Category
1171:Flexbone
1166:Wishbone
801:Crossing
731:Multiple
726:Hurry-up
716:Air raid
691:strategy
505:June 27,
478:July 24,
429:cache),
380:, p. 22.
262:See also
138:Michigan
58:", is a
2141:Related
2122:Penalty
1910:Timeout
1814:Kickoff
1767:Lateral
1709:Scoring
1578:Women's
1551:College
1539:Varsity
1407:History
1301:Prevent
1286:7–1–2–1
1224:2-level
1191:Wildcat
1156:Pro set
1151:Shotgun
1126:Split-T
1047:Tampa 2
979:Pyramid
919:Spinner
914:Reverse
663:Systems
154:platoon
114:game.
104:History
44:linemen
1938:1 min.
1933:2 min.
1928:3 min.
1839:Fumble
1736:Safety
1696:Pocket
1649:Spaces
1561:Sprint
1417:Modern
1296:Nickel
1176:Pistol
1068:Double
1030:Scheme
861:Sluggo
846:Screen
796:Corner
783:Routes
768:Spread
736:Option
699:Scheme
560:
445:
437:
2205:Plays
1976:Carry
1920:Spike
1915:Kneel
1869:Downs
1601:Lines
1593:Field
1483:Touch
1473:6-man
1468:7-man
1463:8-man
1458:9-man
1431:Arena
1424:Rules
1412:Early
1390:Codes
1315:Other
1281:7–2–2
1251:3–3–5
1186:Trips
1094:Stunt
1082:Other
998:Other
876:Wheel
871:Swing
856:Slant
791:Chair
468:(PDF)
40:backs
2183:List
2148:Ball
2021:Sack
1797:Punt
1792:Rush
1757:Snap
1691:Hole
1681:Flat
1556:Club
1478:Flag
1291:Dime
1073:Zone
1042:Zone
899:Draw
851:Seam
841:Post
831:Jerk
816:Flat
811:Drag
806:Curl
706:A-11
558:ISBN
507:2021
480:2017
443:ISBN
435:ISBN
146:Army
50:The
1686:Gap
1527:AYF
1276:6–2
1271:5–3
1266:5–2
1256:4–4
1246:3–4
1229:4–3
1099:Spy
836:Out
826:Hot
821:Fly
62:in
2257::
2109:,
1261:46
596:.
576:,
523:,
497:.
470:.
454:^
441:,
406:,
369:^
347:^
336:,
323:^
294:^
198:.
2113:)
2105:(
1374:e
1367:t
1360:v
1136:A
1131:I
1121:T
648:e
641:t
634:v
606:.
564:.
509:.
482:.
449:.
425:(
230:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
