975:
polyploid fish genomes, possibly arising from whole-genome duplication). Unlike amniote IFN genes, piscine type I IFN genes contain introns, in similar positions as do their orthologs, certain interleukins. Despite this important difference, based on their 3-D structure these piscine IFNs have been assigned as Type I IFNs. While in mammalian species all Type I IFNs bind to a single receptor complex, the different groups of piscine type I IFNs bind to different receptor complexes. Until now several type I IFNs (IFNa, b, c, d, e, f and h) has been identified in teleost fish with as low as only one subtype in green pufferfish and as many as six subtypes in salmon with an addition of recently identified novel subtype, IFNh in mandarin fish.
47:
4302:
4326:
4314:
935:. IFN-β1 is not an appropriate treatment for patients with progressive, non-relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Whilst the mechanism of action is not completely understood, the use of IFN-β1 has been found to reduce brain lesions, increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduce T cell infiltration into the brain.
953:
while the child is in utero, although lacking any infectious origin. The aetiology is largely still unknown, but the most common genetic mutations are associated with nucleic acid regulation, leading most researchers to suggest these arise from the failure of antiviral systems to differentiate between host and viral DNA and RNA.
686:
is undetectable. Moreover, in the cat genome, the IFN-ν promoter is deleteriously mutated. It is likely that the IFN-ν gene family was rendered useless prior to mammalian diversification. Its presence on the edge of the type I IFN locus in mammals may have shielded it from obliteration, allowing its detection.
685:
This subtype of type I IFN was recently described as a pseudogene in human, but potentially functional in the domestic cat genome. In all other genomes of non-feline placental mammals, IFN-ν is a pseudogene; in some species, the pseudogene is well preserved, while in others, it is badly mutilated or
952:
Interferonopathies are a class of hereditary auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases characterised by upregulated type 1 interferon and downstream interferon stimulated genes. The symptoms of these diseases fall in a wide clinical spectrum, and often resemble those of viral infections acquired
943:
One of the major limiting factors in the efficacy of type I interferon therapy are the high rates of side effects. Between 15% - 40% of people undergoing type 1 IFN treatment develop major depressive disorders. Less commonly, interferon treatment has also been associated with anxiety, lethargy,
974:
Piscine (bony fish) type I IFN has been cloned first in zebrafish. and then in many other teleost species including salmon and mandarin fish. With few exceptions, and in stark contrast to avian and especially mammalian IFNs, they are present as single genes (multiple genes are however seen in
606:. Only ruminants encode IFN-τ, a variant of IFN-ω. So far, IFN-ζ is only found in mice, while a structural homolog, IFN-δ is found in a diverse array of non-primate and non-rodent placental mammals. Most but not all placental mammals encode functional IFN-ε and IFN-κ genes..
893:
with type I interferons, researchers aim to tackle multiple resistance mechanisms and enhance the overall anti-tumor immune response. The approach is supported by preclinical and clinical studies that show promising synergistic effects, particularly in
944:
psychosis and parkinsonism. Mood disorders associated with IFN therapy can be reversed by discontinuation of treatment, and IFN therapy related depression is effectively treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class of antidepressants.
458:
The mammalian types are designated IFN-α (alpha), IFN-β (beta), IFN-κ (kappa), IFN-δ (delta), IFN-ε (epsilon), IFN-τ (tau), IFN-ω (omega), and IFN-ζ (zeta, also known as limitin). Of these types, IFN-α, IFN -ω, and IFN-τ can work across species.
922:
Due to their strong antiviral properties, recombinant type 1 IFNs can be used for the treatment for persistent viral infection. Pegylated IFN-α is the current standard of care when it comes to chronic
Hepatitis B and C infection.
961:
Avian type I IFNs have been characterized and preliminarily assigned to subtypes (IFN I, IFN II, and IFN III), but their classification into subtypes should await a more extensive characterization of avian genomes.
1158:
Wang YX, Xu WG, Sun XJ, Chen YZ, Liu XY, Tang H, Jiang CL (November 2004). "Fever of recombinant human interferon-alpha is mediated by opioid domain interaction with opioid receptor inducing prostaglandin E2".
445:
In both mice and human, negative regulation of type I interferon signaling is known to be important. Few endogenous regulators have been found to elicit this important regulatory function, such as SOCS1 and
3447:
1584:
La Mantia L, Vacchi L, Di
Pietrantonj C, Ebers G, Rovaris M, Fredrikson S, Filippini G (January 2012). La Mantia L (ed.). "Interferon beta for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis".
438:
In mice, IFN-β inhibits immune cell production of growth factors, thereby slowing tumor growth, and inhibits other cells from producing vessel-producing growth factors, thereby blocking
3231:
1430:
Todd S, Naylor SL (July 1992). "New chromosomal mapping assignments for argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogene 1, interferon-beta 3 gene, and the diazepam binding inhibitor gene".
1816:"Comparative genomic analysis reveals independent expansion of a lineage-specific gene family in vertebrates: the class II cytokine receptors and their ligands in mammals and fish"
971:
The existence of amphibian type I IFNs have been inferred by the discovery of the genes encoding their receptor chains. They have not yet been purified, or their genes cloned.
1645:
Kieseier BC. The mechanism of action of interferon-beta in relapsing multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2011;25:491-502
769:
A large individual patient data meta-analysis using 9937 patients obtained from cBioportal indicates that copy number alteration of the IFN gene cluster is prevalent among 24
818:
From the 1980s onward, members of type-I IFN family have been the standard care as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. In particular, IFNα has been approved by the
699:
From the 1980s onward, members of type-I IFN family have been the standard care as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. In particular, IFNα has been approved by the
309:
responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (
3463:
2620:
3925:
204:
3391:
3513:
1357:
Hardy MP, Owczarek CM, Jermiin LS, Ejdebäck M, Hertzog PJ (August 2004). "Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification of novel genes".
3945:
471:(pDCs). They are mainly involved in innate immunity against viral infection. The genes responsible for their synthesis come in 13 subtypes that are called
1654:
Kasper LH, Reder AT. Immunomodulatory activity of interferon-beta. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:622-631.
3573:
3224:
1613:
Rojas JI, Romano M, Ciapponi A, Patrucco L, Cristiano E (January 2010). Rojas JI (ed.). "Interferon Beta for primary progressive multiple sclerosis".
391:
have been identified as being the most potent producers of type I IFNs in response to antigen, and have thus been coined natural IFN producing cells.
104:
3916:
3905:
3881:
3371:
2696:
1245:
998:"Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer: Individual patient data meta-analysis prospects to personalized immunotherapy"
3260:
3091:
1870:"Functional, signalling and transcriptional differences of three distinct type I IFNs in a perciform fish, the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi"
1314:
Oritani K, Tomiyama Y (November 2004). "Interferon-zeta/limitin: novel type I interferon that displays a narrow range of biological activity".
797:
reduced from 93 months (diploidy) to 24 months. In conclusion, the copy number alteration of the IFN gene cluster is associated with increased
3407:
3217:
1091:
140:
3539:
355:
Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species.
2116:
561:
3271:
4225:
2982:
1689:
Pinto EF, Andrade C. Interferon-Related
Depression: A Primer on Mechanisms, Treatment, and Prevention of a Common Clinical Problem.
1676:
Raison CL, Demetrashvili M, Capuron L, Miller AH. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of interferon-alpha: recognition and management.
531:
1109:"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein Targets IRF7 to Suppress Antiviral Signaling and the Induction of Type I Interferon"
580:. They have antiviral activity that is involved mainly in innate immune response. Two types of IFN-β have been described, IFN-β1 (
2512:
819:
773:
types. Notably deletion of this cluster is significantly associated with increased mortality in many cancer types particularly
700:
447:
3936:
3638:
341:
1540:
Filipi M, Jack S. Interferons in the
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Update.
224:
2289:
1554:
4292:
4240:
1982:"Crystal structure of Zebrafish interferons I and II reveals conservation of type I interferon structure in vertebrates"
855:
736:
555:
551:
388:
1267:"Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax inhibits innate antiviral signaling via NF-kappaB-dependent induction of SOCS1"
3125:
2675:
2450:
468:
2031:"The two groups of zebrafish virus-induced interferons signal via distinct receptors with specific and shared chains"
1869:
1558:
1395:
Yang LM, Xue QH, Sun L, Zhu YP, Liu WJ (February 2007). "Cloning and characterization of a novel feline IFN-omega".
789:
analysis also showed that copy number alteration of the IFN gene cluster is significantly associated with decreased
4230:
3872:
3158:
2960:
2670:
383:
and NK cells to elicit an anti-viral response, involving IRF3/IRF7 antiviral pathways, and are also active against
4356:
3831:
3301:
3079:
2764:
890:
883:
160:
4351:
3114:
2541:
2517:
2076:
1702:
d'Angelo DM, Di
Filippo P, Breda L and Chiarelli F (2021) Type I Interferonopathies in Children: An Overview.
212:
1204:"Neutrophils responsive to endogenous IFN-beta regulate tumor angiogenesis and growth in a mouse tumor model"
1082:
Samarajiwa SA, Wilson W, Hertzog PJ (2006). "Type I interferons: genetics and structure". In Meager A (ed.).
431:
A similar mechanism is used by IFN-α to reduce pain; IFN-α interacts with the μ-opioid receptor to act as an
3584:
3280:
2109:
3296:
3969:
2442:
907:
3781:
3776:
3727:
968:
Turtle type I IFNs have been purified (references from 1970s needed). They resemble mammalian homologs.
109:
3366:
208:
3381:
3896:
3732:
3437:
3331:
2968:
899:
843:
724:
543:
153:
4139:
165:
3847:
3737:
3629:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3326:
2810:
1047:
Schultz U, Kaspers B, Staeheli P (May 2004). "The interferon system of non-mammalian vertebrates".
847:
835:
786:
728:
716:
337:
3600:
3458:
3427:
4346:
3761:
3756:
3722:
3717:
3663:
3478:
3251:
3243:
2977:
2934:
2849:
2692:
2556:
2102:
2029:
Aggad D, Mazel M, Boudinot P, Mogensen KE, Hamming OJ, Hartmann R, et al. (September 2009).
1897:
1455:
1339:
1184:
932:
31:
4250:
3554:
3544:
3534:
3468:
3417:
662:
656:
650:
340:. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (
4179:
4169:
4159:
4096:
3821:
3524:
1814:
Lutfalla G, Roest
Crollius H, Stange-Thomann N, Jaillon O, Mogensen K, Monneron D (July 2003).
644:
638:
632:
626:
46:
4189:
4174:
4091:
4056:
3801:
3306:
3240:
2460:
2326:
2052:
2011:
1962:
1889:
1847:
1796:
1747:
1663:
Lotrich FE. Major depression during interferon-alpha treatment: vulnerability and prevention.
1626:
1601:
1514:
1496:
1447:
1412:
1374:
1331:
1296:
1233:
1176:
1140:
1087:
1064:
1029:
903:
231:
199:
53:
4116:
3291:
2072:
1531:
Foster GR. Past, present, and future hepatitis C treatments. Semin Liver Dis 2004;24:97–104.
822:(FDA) for cancer. To date, pharmaceutical companies produce several types of recombinant and
703:(FDA) for cancer. To date, pharmaceutical companies produce several types of recombinant and
3842:
3771:
3766:
3654:
3311:
3153:
3074:
2942:
2631:
2465:
2042:
2001:
1993:
1952:
1942:
1881:
1837:
1827:
1786:
1778:
1737:
1729:
1618:
1593:
1504:
1486:
1439:
1404:
1366:
1323:
1286:
1278:
1223:
1215:
1168:
1130:
1120:
1056:
1019:
1009:
931:
Currently, there are four FDA approved variants of IFN-β1 used as a treatment for relapsing
851:
802:
790:
732:
675:
418:
379:), macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, osteoblasts and others. They stimulate both
302:
3750:
585:
191:
4318:
4220:
4197:
3742:
3659:
3422:
2680:
2366:
2083:
1567:
1563:
867:
834:, Schering-Plough) and pegylated IFNα2b (Sylatron, Schering Corporation) for treatment of
748:
715:, Schering-Plough) and pegylated IFNα2b (Sylatron, Schering Corporation) for treatment of
539:
535:
414:
402:
1767:"Molecular and functional analysis of an interferon gene from the zebrafish, Danio rerio"
1509:
1474:
4330:
4306:
4081:
4071:
3998:
3615:
3605:
3529:
3361:
3194:
3189:
3044:
3040:
3022:
3017:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2592:
2577:
2568:
2125:
2006:
1981:
1957:
1930:
1742:
1717:
1291:
1266:
1228:
1203:
1135:
1108:
1024:
997:
798:
311:
IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17
1842:
1815:
1791:
1766:
4340:
3649:
3432:
3351:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3120:
3069:
2735:
2639:
2615:
2610:
2587:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2346:
911:
778:
774:
589:
145:
128:
1782:
1473:
Razaghi, Ali; Durand-Dubief, Mickaël; Brusselaers, Nele; Björnstedt, Mikael (2023).
1459:
1343:
85:
4255:
4235:
4154:
4144:
4086:
4033:
3963:
3862:
3806:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3376:
3356:
3321:
3316:
2665:
2497:
1901:
1622:
1597:
1188:
1172:
863:
744:
600:
IFN-ε, -κ, -τ, and -ζ appear, at this time, to come in a single isoform in humans,
439:
410:
298:
187:
97:
17:
4265:
4260:
4164:
4149:
4121:
4111:
4106:
4061:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3993:
3988:
3811:
3796:
3791:
3610:
3595:
3412:
3086:
3032:
2773:
2532:
2455:
1370:
871:
782:
752:
577:
364:
4301:
3209:
1733:
1491:
666:
in humans. Many non-primate placental mammals express multiple IFN-ω subtypes.
4101:
4003:
3857:
3402:
3139:
2832:
2522:
2482:
1885:
1060:
1014:
621:
547:
527:
380:
2047:
2030:
1500:
4275:
4270:
4051:
3498:
2144:
2094:
1868:
Laghari ZA, Chen SN, Li L, Huang B, Gan Z, Zhou Y, et al. (July 2018).
1265:
Charoenthongtrakul S, Zhou Q, Shembade N, Harhaj NS, Harhaj EW (July 2011).
1125:
827:
823:
760:
708:
704:
432:
395:
2056:
2015:
1966:
1893:
1851:
1832:
1800:
1751:
1630:
1605:
1518:
1416:
1378:
1335:
1300:
1237:
1180:
1144:
1068:
1033:
1905:
1451:
1408:
1202:
Jablonska J, Leschner S, Westphal K, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S (April 2010).
996:
Razaghi A, Brusselaers N, Björnstedt M, Durand-Dubief M (September 2021).
149:
3503:
3134:
2129:
1997:
1282:
895:
875:
839:
831:
756:
720:
712:
679:
368:
294:
92:
1475:"Combining PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I interferon in cancer therapy"
1327:
1443:
965:
Functional lizard type I IFNs can be found in lizard genome databases.
442:
and hindering the tumour from connecting into the blood vessel system.
121:
116:
4325:
57:
4076:
4066:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3012:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2602:
2407:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2356:
1947:
1219:
794:
770:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
406:
376:
372:
349:
345:
306:
219:
275:
268:
262:
256:
249:
243:
237:
614:
IFN-ω, although having only one functional form described to date (
3746:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3564:
3048:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2924:
2914:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2477:
2472:
2351:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
859:
740:
616:
581:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
384:
133:
1929:
Boudinot P, Langevin C, Secombes CJ, Levraud JP (November 2016).
4131:
4043:
3980:
2972:
2919:
2487:
2428:
2423:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2159:
1107:
Zhou Q, Lavorgna A, Bowman M, Hiscott J, Harhaj EW (June 2015).
602:
181:
80:
3213:
2098:
765:
Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer
523:. These genes are found together in a cluster on chromosome 9.
1980:
Hamming OJ, Lutfalla G, Levraud JP, Hartmann R (August 2011).
565:
793:. For instance, the overall survival of patients with brain
1693:. 2016;14(7):743-748. doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160106155129
1667:. 2009;11(4):417-425. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.4/felotrich
1765:
Altmann SM, Mellon MT, Distel DL, Kim CH (February 2003).
1680:. 2005;19(2):105-123. doi:10.2165/00023210-200519020-00002
363:
IFN-α and IFN-β are secreted by many cell types including
1931:"The Peculiar Characteristics of Fish Type I Interferons"
3372:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)
862:, Toray ltd.) has also been approved in Japan to treat
743:, Toray ltd.) has also been approved in Japan to treat
576:
The IFN-β proteins are produced in large quantities by
4290:
1559:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1544:. 2020;22(4):165-172. doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2018-063
4210:
4188:
4130:
4042:
3979:
3962:
3955:
3935:
3915:
3895:
3871:
3830:
3637:
3628:
3583:
3563:
3512:
3446:
3390:
3279:
3270:
3250:
3104:
3062:
3031:
2959:
2933:
2840:
2831:
2772:
2763:
2728:
2691:
2629:
2601:
2555:
2540:
2531:
2441:
2416:
2400:
2303:
2152:
2143:
2136:
405:factor by altering the activity of thermosensitive
230:
218:
198:
180:
175:
159:
139:
127:
115:
103:
91:
79:
71:
66:
39:
902:. These studies reveal increased infiltration and
51:The molecular structure of human interferon-beta (
1084:The interferons: characterization and application
3464:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
1924:
1922:
1863:
1861:
413:thus causing fever. It does this by binding to
3225:
2110:
1397:Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research
448:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein
8:
1718:"The type I interferonopathies: 10 years on"
1716:Crow, Yanick J.; Stetson, Daniel B. (2022).
1615:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1586:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
854:, follicular and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and
735:, follicular and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and
4231:Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)
3976:
3959:
3634:
3276:
3232:
3218:
3210:
2837:
2769:
2552:
2537:
2149:
2140:
2117:
2103:
2095:
1246:"The immune system's guard against cancer"
467:The IFN-α proteins are produced mainly by
398:at the site of viral infection or tumors.
172:
45:
4226:FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)
3655:Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)
2075:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2046:
2005:
1956:
1946:
1841:
1831:
1790:
1741:
1508:
1490:
1390:
1388:
1290:
1227:
1134:
1124:
1023:
1013:
939:Side effects of type I interferon therapy
4248:Additional cytokine receptor modulators:
1874:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
1049:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
809:Use of Interferon type I in therapeutics
588:) (a gene designated IFN-β2 is actually
4297:
1706:9:631329. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.631329
1250:Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
983:
4072:Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)
1086:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 3–34.
36:
3408:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
1208:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
826:IFNα for clinical use; e.g., IFNα2a (
707:IFNα for clinical use; e.g., IFNα2a (
7:
3767:Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)
3540:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
2090:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
991:
989:
987:
526:IFN-α is also made synthetically as
4241:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)
1432:Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics
1316:International Journal of Hematology
1113:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
562:Recombinant feline interferon omega
914:, and prolonged patient survival.
568:IFN-α (not ω) for veterinary use.
25:
785:cancers. The Cancer Genome Atlas
532:International Nonproprietary Name
4324:
4312:
4300:
3772:Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)
1783:10.1128/jvi.77.3.1992-2002.2003
1571:, American Academy of Neurology
820:US Food and Drug Administration
701:US Food and Drug Administration
305:, tumor cells recognition, and
1623:10.1002/14651858.CD006643.pub3
1598:10.1002/14651858.CD005181.pub3
1173:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.07.013
297:which play essential roles in
1:
1555:American Academy of Neurology
417:and eliciting the release of
176:Available protein structures:
856:chronic myelogenous leukemia
737:chronic myelogenous leukemia
556:pegylated interferon alfa-2b
552:pegylated interferon alfa-2a
530:in hairy cell leukemia. The
469:plasmacytoid dendritic cells
389:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
333:), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes.
40:Interferon Type I (α/β/δ...)
3616:Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)
3382:Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)
3302:Carbamylated erythropoietin
1371:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.03.003
882:Combinational therapy with
690:Interferon type I in cancer
4373:
1734:10.1038/s41577-021-00633-9
1492:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249330
1161:Journal of Neuroimmunology
673:
29:
4165:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
4122:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
4029:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
3080:Colony-stimulating factor
1886:10.1016/j.dci.2018.02.008
1722:Nature Reviews Immunology
1061:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.009
1015:10.1016/j.neo.2021.08.004
534:(INN) for the product is
171:
44:
3843:Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
3115:proinflammatory cytokine
2077:Medical Subject Headings
2048:10.4049/jimmunol.0901495
674:Not to be confused with
596:IFN-ε, -κ, -τ, -δ and -ζ
30:Not to be confused with
3743:Interferon beta (IFN-β)
2088:Drug Information Portal
1665:Dialogues Clin Neurosci
1566:: an initiative of the
1479:Frontiers in Immunology
1126:10.1074/jbc.M114.633065
4221:Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)
2246:/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4
1833:10.1186/1471-2164-4-29
908:tumor microenvironment
4218:Additional cytokines:
4145:Decernotinib (VX-509)
3782:Peginterferon alfa-2b
3777:Peginterferon alfa-2a
3297:Asialo erythropoietin
2035:Journal of Immunology
1409:10.1089/jir.2006.0094
927:In multiple sclerosis
910:, the development of
904:activation of T cells
891:PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
884:PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
394:IFN-ω is released by
359:Sources and functions
3733:Interferon alfacon-1
3362:Erythropoietin (EPO)
1998:10.1128/JVI.00521-11
1283:10.1128/JVI.00007-11
844:renal cell carcinoma
725:renal cell carcinoma
544:interferon alfacon-1
338:interferon receptors
336:Interferons bind to
3880:See IL-28R (IFNLR)
3848:Interferon gamma 1b
3738:Interferon alpha-n3
2811:Interferon type III
1986:Journal of Virology
1771:Journal of Virology
1691:Curr Neuropharmacol
1328:10.1532/ijh97.04087
1271:Journal of Virology
1119:(23): 14729–14739.
957:Non-mammalian types
836:hairy cell leukemia
717:hairy cell leukemia
344:) that consists of
4236:Oncostatin M (OSM)
3762:Interferon beta 1b
3757:Interferon beta 1a
3728:Interferon alfa n1
3723:Interferon alfa 2b
3718:Interferon alfa 2a
3552:Kinase inhibitors:
1444:10.1007/BF01235761
948:Interferonopathies
933:multiple sclerosis
918:In viral infection
830:, Roche), IFNα2b (
711:, Roche), IFNα2b (
440:tumor angiogenesis
291:type-I interferons
32:Interferon type II
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4206:
4205:
3973:
3891:
3890:
3624:
3623:
3367:Erythropoietin-Fc
3241:Cytokine receptor
3207:
3206:
3100:
3099:
3058:
3057:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2759:
2758:
2437:
2436:
2073:Interferon+Type+I
1992:(16): 8181–8187.
1557:(February 2013),
1277:(14): 6955–6962.
1093:978-3-527-31180-4
1008:(10): 1059–1068.
287:
286:
283:
282:
225:structure summary
18:Type I Interferon
16:(Redirected from
4364:
4357:Immunostimulants
4329:
4328:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4304:
4296:
3977:
3967:
3960:
3819:Decoy receptors:
3635:
3312:Darbepoetin alfa
3277:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3211:
2838:
2770:
2553:
2538:
2150:
2141:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2091:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2041:(6): 3924–3931.
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1948:10.3390/v8110298
1926:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1904:. Archived from
1865:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1777:(3): 1992–2002.
1762:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1609:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1494:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1241:
1231:
1220:10.1172/JCI37223
1214:(4): 1151–1164.
1199:
1193:
1192:
1167:(1–2): 107–112.
1155:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1017:
993:
852:multiple myeloma
848:Kaposi's sarcoma
803:overall survival
791:overall survival
733:multiple myeloma
729:Kaposi's sarcoma
676:Interferon gamma
415:opioid receptors
401:IFN-α acts as a
303:immunoregulation
278:
271:
265:
259:
252:
246:
240:
173:
60:
49:
37:
21:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4352:Antiviral drugs
4337:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4299:
4291:
4289:
4280:
4202:
4198:Deucravacitinib
4184:
4126:
4038:
3966:
3951:
3931:
3911:
3887:
3867:
3826:
3660:Interferon alfa
3620:
3579:
3559:
3508:
3442:
3438:Pegnartograstim
3423:Lipegfilgrastim
3386:
3332:Epoetin epsilon
3266:
3246:
3238:
3208:
3203:
3169:
3148:
3106:
3096:
3054:
3027:
2947:
2929:
2827:
2755:
2724:
2687:
2625:
2597:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2527:
2433:
2412:
2396:
2299:
2132:
2123:
2082:
2069:
2064:
2028:
2027:
2023:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1704:Front. Pediatr.
1701:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1617:(1): CD006643.
1612:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1568:ABIM Foundation
1564:Choosing Wisely
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1244:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1046:
1045:
1041:
995:
994:
985:
981:
959:
950:
941:
929:
920:
900:renal carcinoma
887:
868:medulloblastoma
816:
811:
767:
749:medulloblastoma
697:
692:
683:
672:
620:), has several
612:
598:
574:
536:interferon alfa
465:
456:
454:Mammalian types
427:
422:
419:prostaglandin-E
361:
274:
267:
261:
255:
248:
242:
236:
62:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4370:
4368:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4140:Cercosporamide
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4082:Deuruxolitinib
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Deuruxolitinib
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3974:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3875:
3873:IFNLR (λ, III)
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3657:
3652:
3643:
3641:
3639:IFNAR (α/β, I)
3632:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Promegapoietin
3603:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3585:Thrombopoietin
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Interleukin-34
3527:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3281:Erythropoietin
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2961:Ig superfamily
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2126:Cell signaling
2124:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2067:External links
2065:
2063:
2062:
2021:
1972:
1918:
1857:
1806:
1757:
1728:(8): 471–483.
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1610:
1580:, which cites
1546:
1533:
1524:
1465:
1438:(4): 381–385.
1422:
1403:(2): 119–127.
1384:
1365:(2): 331–345.
1349:
1322:(4): 325–331.
1306:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1194:
1150:
1099:
1092:
1074:
1055:(5): 499–508.
1039:
982:
980:
977:
958:
955:
949:
946:
940:
937:
928:
925:
919:
916:
912:memory T cells
886:
880:
858:. Human IFNβ (
815:
812:
810:
807:
801:and decreased
766:
763:
739:. Human IFNβ (
696:
693:
691:
688:
671:
668:
611:
608:
597:
594:
584:) and IFN-β3 (
573:
570:
464:
461:
455:
452:
425:
420:
360:
357:
285:
284:
281:
280:
234:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
202:
196:
195:
185:
178:
177:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4369:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3832:IFNGR (γ, II)
3829:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Albinterferon
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3448:GM-CSF (CSF2)
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Pegfilgrastim
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Epoetin theta
3350:
3348:
3347:Epoetin omega
3345:
3343:
3342:Epoetin kappa
3340:
3338:
3337:Epoetin gamma
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Epoetin delta
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:Hematopoietic
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
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2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:TNFSF5/CD40LG
2476:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1908:on 2020-06-17
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:(1): 94–108.
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:Int J MS Care
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1252:. 2010-04-06.
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
990:
988:
984:
978:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
956:
954:
947:
945:
938:
936:
934:
926:
924:
917:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:By combining
885:
881:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
813:
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
764:
762:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
689:
687:
681:
677:
669:
667:
665:
664:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
646:
641:
640:
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
619:
618:
609:
607:
605:
604:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
571:
569:
567:
564:is a form of
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
460:
453:
451:
449:
443:
441:
436:
434:
429:
423:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
358:
356:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
277:
273:
270:
264:
258:
251:
245:
239:
235:
233:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
87:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4256:Lestaurtinib
4247:
4217:
4155:Ritlecitinib
4087:Lestaurtinib
4034:Upadacitinib
3863:Fontolizumab
3854:
3839:
3818:
3807:Rontalizumab
3788:
3646:
3601:Pegacaristim
3592:
3551:
3521:
3514:M-CSF (CSF1)
3494:Mavrilimumab
3490:
3484:Sargramostim
3474:Molgramostim
3459:Ecogramostim
3455:
3428:Nartograstim
3399:
3392:G-CSF (CSF3)
3377:Peginesatide
3357:Epoetin zeta
3322:Epoetin beta
3317:Epoetin alfa
3288:
3165:
3144:
3113:
3105:By function/
2841:
2816:IL28/IFNL2+3
2087:
2084:"Interferon"
2038:
2034:
2024:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1938:
1934:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1877:
1873:
1823:
1820:BMC Genomics
1819:
1809:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1614:
1592:: CD005181.
1589:
1585:
1573:, retrieved
1562:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1400:
1396:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1249:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1083:
1077:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1005:
1001:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
951:
942:
930:
921:
888:
864:glioblastoma
817:
768:
745:glioblastoma
698:
695:Therapeutics
684:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
615:
613:
601:
599:
575:
560:
525:
466:
457:
444:
437:
430:
411:hypothalamus
400:
393:
362:
354:
335:
330:
329:) and IFNβ (
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
299:inflammation
290:
288:
266:B:22-187
254:
4266:Quizartinib
4261:Midostaurin
4150:Peficitinib
4112:Ruxolitinib
4107:Peficitinib
4062:Baricitinib
4024:Ruxolitinib
4019:Peficitinib
4014:Oclacitinib
4009:Momelotinib
3994:Baricitinib
3989:Abrocitinib
3897:Interleukin
3855:Antibodies:
3812:Sifalimumab
3797:Faralimomab
3792:Anifrolumab
3789:Antibodies:
3611:Romiplostim
3596:Eltrombopag
3565:SCF (c-Kit)
3491:Antibodies:
3479:Regramostim
3413:Lenograstim
3033:IL17 family
2774:IL10 family
2693:IL12 family
2545:(grouped by
2533:Interleukin
2456:Lymphotoxin
1941:(11): 298.
906:within the
872:astrocytoma
805:in cancer.
753:astrocytoma
622:pseudogenes
578:fibroblasts
540:recombinant
381:macrophages
365:lymphocytes
260::24-186
247::24-185
241::24-187
75:Interferons
67:Identifiers
4341:Categories
4251:Emfilermin
4102:Pacritinib
4004:Filgotinib
3970:inhibitors
3858:Emapalumab
3630:Interferon
3555:Agerafenib
3545:Mirimostim
3535:Lanimostim
3469:Milodistim
3418:Leridistim
3403:Filgrastim
3244:modulators
3140:Lymphokine
2978:IL1B/IL1F2
2973:IL1A/IL1F1
2969:IL1 family
2833:Interferon
2821:IL29/IFNL1
1912:2019-12-12
979:References
550:types are
528:medication
396:leukocytes
293:(IFN) are
272::24-182
253::24-186
188:structures
4347:Cytokines
4276:Sunitinib
4271:Sorafenib
4180:ZM-449829
4170:WHI-P 154
4160:TCS-21311
4097:NSC-33994
4052:Atiprimod
3840:Agonists:
3822:Bifarcept
3647:Agonists:
3593:Agonists:
3525:Cilmostim
3522:Agonists:
3499:Namilumab
3456:Agonists:
3400:Agonists:
3289:Agonists:
3252:Chemokine
3018:33/IL1F11
2983:1Ra/IL1F3
2630:IL6 like/
2347:CXCL8/IL8
2145:Chemokine
2137:By family
2130:cytokines
1826:(1): 29.
1678:CNS Drugs
1575:August 1,
1501:1664-3224
1002:Neoplasia
828:Roferon-A
824:pegylated
814:In cancer
799:mortality
787:PanCancer
709:Roferon-A
705:pegylated
548:pegylated
433:analgesic
403:pyrogenic
325:), IFNк (
321:), IFNɛ (
317:), IFNω (
295:cytokines
122:PDOC00225
98:IPR000471
61:).
4319:Medicine
4175:ZM-39923
4092:NSC-7908
4057:AZD-1480
3948:instead.
3928:instead.
3908:instead.
3884:instead.
3802:MEDI-545
3576:instead.
3504:Otilimab
3307:CNTO-530
3263:instead.
3135:Monokine
2664:+non IL
2549:subunit)
2547:receptor
2518:TNFSF13B
2466:TNFC/LTB
2461:TNFB/LTA
2057:19717522
2016:21653665
1967:27827855
1894:29432791
1852:12869211
1801:12525633
1752:34671122
1631:20091602
1606:22258960
1519:37691915
1510:10484344
1460:46694856
1417:17316139
1379:15233997
1359:Genomics
1344:41691122
1336:15615256
1301:21593151
1238:20237412
1181:15465601
1145:25911105
1069:15062646
1034:34555656
896:melanoma
876:melanoma
840:melanoma
832:Intron-A
757:melanoma
721:melanoma
713:Intron-A
542:type is
369:NK cells
352:chains.
279:I:22-182
205:RCSB PDB
93:InterPro
27:Cytokine
4331:Viruses
4307:Biology
4293:Portals
4117:SD-1008
3292:ARA-290
3023:18/IL1G
2765:Type II
2697:IL12RB1
2603:β chain
2557:γ chain
2513:TNFSF13
2508:TNFSF11
2503:TNFSF10
2185:/RANTES
2007:3147990
1958:5127012
1935:Viruses
1902:3455413
1743:8527296
1452:1440058
1292:3126571
1229:2846036
1189:9067557
1136:4505538
1025:8458777
663:IFNWP19
657:IFNWP18
651:IFNWP15
450:(AIP).
409:in the
407:neurons
377:T-cells
373:B-cells
166:cd00095
117:PROSITE
110:SM00076
86:PF00143
4211:Others
4077:CYT387
4067:CHZ868
3956:Others
3712:IFNA21
3708:IFNA17
3704:IFNA16
3700:IFNA14
3696:IFNA13
3692:IFNA10
3013:IL1F10
2910:IFNA21
2905:IFNA17
2900:IFNA16
2895:IFNA14
2890:IFNA13
2885:IFNA10
2542:Type I
2498:TNFSF9
2493:TNFSF8
2488:TNFSF7
2483:TNFSF6
2473:TNFSF4
2408:CX3CL1
2392:CXCL17
2387:CXCL16
2382:CXCL15
2377:CXCL14
2372:CXCL13
2367:CXCL12
2362:CXCL11
2357:CXCL10
2179:/MIP1β
2173:/MIP1α
2079:(MeSH)
2055:
2014:
2004:
1965:
1955:
1900:
1892:
1850:
1843:179897
1840:
1799:
1792:140984
1789:
1750:
1740:
1629:
1604:
1517:
1507:
1499:
1458:
1450:
1415:
1377:
1342:
1334:
1299:
1289:
1236:
1226:
1187:
1179:
1143:
1133:
1090:
1067:
1032:
1022:
874:, and
795:glioma
781:, and
779:kidney
775:uterus
771:cancer
755:, and
660:, and
645:IFNWP9
639:IFNWP5
633:IFNWP4
627:IFNWP2
546:. The
538:. The
521:IFNA21
517:IFNA17
513:IFNA16
509:IFNA14
505:IFNA13
501:IFNA10
385:tumors
350:IFNAR2
346:IFNAR1
315:IFNA21
307:T-cell
220:PDBsum
194:
184:
154:SUPFAM
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3751:IFNB3
3747:IFNB1
3688:IFNA8
3684:IFNA7
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3676:IFNA5
3672:IFNA4
3668:IFNA2
3664:IFNA1
3075:KITLG
3063:Other
3049:IL17A
3008:IL1F9
3003:IL1F8
2998:IL1F7
2993:IL1F6
2988:IL1F5
2925:IFNW1
2915:IFNB1
2880:IFNA8
2875:IFNA7
2870:IFNA6
2865:IFNA5
2860:IFNA4
2855:IFNA2
2850:IFNA1
2729:Other
2632:gp130
2621:GMCSF
2401:CX3CL
2352:CXCL9
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2337:CXCL6
2332:CXCL5
2327:CXCL4
2322:CXCL3
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2234:CCL16
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2219:CCL13
2214:CCL12
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1456:S2CID
1340:S2CID
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860:Feron
783:brain
741:Feron
680:IFN-γ
670:IFN-ν
617:IFNW1
610:IFN-ω
586:IFNB3
582:IFNB1
572:IFN-β
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489:IFNA6
485:IFNA5
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473:IFNA1
463:IFN-α
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