335:(WHO) recommends vaccinating all children in areas where the disease is common. Otherwise they recommend vaccinating those at high risk. Vaccination campaigns can also be used to control outbreaks of disease. Depending on the vaccine, additional doses are recommended every three to seven years. In the United States the vaccine is only recommended in those at high risk such as travelers to areas of the world where the disease is common.
2138:
2126:
49:
379:, a new conjugate form of the injectable Vi vaccine, may be more effective and prevents the disease in many children under the age of five years. In a trial in 2-to-5-year-old children in Vietnam, the vaccine had more than 90 percent efficacy in the first year and protection lasted at least four years.
374:
The oral Ty21a vaccine prevents around one-half of typhoid cases in the first three years after vaccination. The injectable Vi polysaccharide vaccine prevented about two-thirds of typhoid cases in the first year and had a cumulative efficacy of 55% by the third year. The efficacy of these vaccines
370:
Ty21a, the Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine, and Vi-rEPA are effective in reducing typhoid fever with low rates of adverse effects. Newer vaccines such as Vi-TT (PedaTyph) are awaiting field trials to demonstrate efficacy against natural exposure.
342:
and the oral vaccine can be used as long as symptoms are not present. While it has not been studied during pregnancy, the non-live vaccines are believed to be safe while the live vaccine is not recommended.
2173:
146:
328:). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in question. The Vi-rEPA vaccine has been shown to be efficacious in children.
284:
2029:
931:
535:
1172:
1061:
88:
1212:
1207:
668:
974:
338:
The vaccines available as of 2018 are very safe. Minor side effects may occur at the site of injection. The injectable vaccine is safe in people with
1609:
1222:
2080:
2008:
674:
359:
1614:
1646:
1324:
1177:
713:
351:
2056:
1393:
1363:
996:
396:
376:
321:
1468:
707:
2035:
1005:
1619:
1656:
1624:
1448:
1398:
438:
216:
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939:
1512:
1217:
907:
877:
546:
262:
2097:
2116:
1634:
1071:
1054:
387:
Depending on the formulation it can be given starting at the age of two (ViPS), six (Ty21a), or six months (TCV).
1684:
755:
727:
505:
432:
332:
1639:
1604:
1599:
1594:
968:
2085:
2018:
1999:
1795:
1767:
1729:
1724:
1704:
1227:
2163:
2158:
2066:
1995:
989:
2061:
1895:
1890:
1341:
1287:
1197:
964:
563:
World Health
Organization (2019). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 - Recommendations".
426:
347:
1944:
1885:
1676:
1314:
1192:
1143:
1110:
1044:
1867:
1833:
1719:
1485:
1480:
1426:
1257:
1125:
1097:
1049:
662:
1900:
1734:
1475:
1436:
1421:
1297:
1267:
1187:
1105:
871:
853:
588:
120:
464:
Activated whole cell vaccine remains available in some parts of the developing world as of 2008.
901:
2168:
2023:
1990:
1969:
1823:
1664:
1554:
1443:
1304:
1129:
1092:
982:
845:
806:
703:
644:
580:
231:
78:
697:
1949:
1934:
1790:
1651:
1564:
837:
796:
763:
735:
634:
626:
572:
517:
271:
2130:
1954:
1752:
1559:
1517:
1383:
1336:
1262:
1252:
1182:
1121:
1117:
1066:
785:"The efficacy of a Salmonella typhi Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children"
458:
412:
325:
536:"Summary of the WHO Position Paper on Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018"
2142:
2091:
1818:
1709:
1669:
1549:
1370:
1309:
639:
614:
450:
404:
98:
31:
2152:
1974:
1959:
1929:
1924:
1779:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1431:
1277:
1076:
355:
309:
112:
857:
2051:
1694:
1589:
1522:
1463:
1458:
1282:
1138:
1029:
1009:
630:
592:
317:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
154:
17:
576:
358:. Due to side-effects newer formulations are recommended as of 2018. It is on the
841:
159:
1838:
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1403:
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1346:
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1134:
1025:
1017:
801:
784:
106:
40:
783:
Lin FY, Ho VA, Khiem HB, Trach DD, Bay PV, Thanh TC, et al. (April 2001).
1964:
1939:
1629:
1579:
246:
760:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)
2013:
1584:
1452:
1021:
454:
400:
92:
849:
810:
732:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
648:
584:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1813:
1569:
1505:
1500:
408:
339:
768:
740:
521:
1574:
1331:
1013:
442:
422:
312:. Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV),
305:
66:
56:
2137:
1877:
1862:
1148:
446:
825:
826:"Development of Vi conjugate - a new generation of typhoid vaccine"
1872:
1757:
1358:
1292:
418:
313:
48:
1167:
978:
225:
375:
has only been demonstrated in children older than two years.
508:(2018). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018".
131:
613:
Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A (May 2018).
2174:
744:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
360:
291:
2114:
702:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 40–41.
346:
The first typhoid vaccines were developed in 1896 by
2044:
1983:
1915:
1806:
1778:
1745:
1414:
1245:
1238:
1157:
1085:
1037:
261:
245:
240:
215:
210:
145:
119:
105:
87:
77:
72:
62:
55:
439:Combined hepatitis A and Vi polysaccharide vaccine
2030:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
608:
606:
604:
602:
990:
8:
39:
619:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1242:
997:
983:
975:
669:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
500:
498:
47:
967:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
800:
767:
739:
638:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
270:
2121:
663:"Typhoid Vaccine Information Statement"
615:"Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever"
474:
111:
716:from the original on 22 December 2015.
38:
762:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
734:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
97:
7:
677:from the original on 8 December 2015
198:
188:
178:
168:
158:
789:The New England Journal of Medicine
27:Vaccines that prevent typhoid fever
2057:Eradication of infectious diseases
1814:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
397:Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine
322:Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine
25:
1647:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
545:. 23 October 2019. Archived from
2136:
2124:
2036:Alternative vaccination schedule
1006:Artificial induction of immunity
938:. 3 January 2018. Archived from
1868:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
932:"Typhoid vaccine prequalified"
699:Bioinformatics for Vaccinology
631:10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4
1:
1399:Group B streptococcal disease
1218:Vaccines for Children Program
577:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.022
510:Weekly Epidemiological Record
435:: Typbar-TCV (Bharat Biotech)
965:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
908:Food and Drug Administration
878:Food and Drug Administration
842:10.1586/14760584.2013.845529
802:10.1056/nejm200104263441701
2190:
772:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
29:
2075:
830:Expert Review of Vaccines
756:World Health Organization
728:World Health Organization
506:World Health Organization
433:Typhoid conjugate vaccine
333:World Health Organization
281:
46:
1394:Clostridioides difficile
969:Medical Subject Headings
824:Szu SC (November 2013).
30:Not to be confused with
1657:Tick-borne encephalitis
2067:List of vaccine topics
1062:Mathematical modelling
324:(ViPS) (an injectable
2062:Vaccinate Your Family
1513:Japanese encephalitis
427:Emergent BioSolutions
348:Almroth Edward Wright
1945:John Franklin Enders
1126:Virus-like particle
1050:Vaccine ingredients
552:on 23 October 2019.
57:Vaccine description
43:
18:Typhoid inoculation
2102:Never to phase III
1901:Hexavalent vaccine
1715:Epstein–Barr virus
1610:Oxford–AstraZeneca
1298:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
696:Flower DR (2008).
320:oral vaccine) and
83:Typhim Vi, Vivotif
2112:
2111:
2024:Vaccines and SIDS
1911:
1910:
1685:Hepatitis A and B
1661:Varicella zoster
1118:Subunit/component
942:on 4 January 2018
912:. 1 February 2018
299:
298:
229:
135:
16:(Redirected from
2181:
2141:
2140:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2003:MMR autism fraud
1950:Maurice Hilleman
1935:Hilary Koprowski
1243:
999:
992:
985:
976:
952:
951:
949:
947:
928:
922:
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919:
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773:
771:
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743:
724:
718:
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693:
687:
686:
684:
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673:. October 2019.
659:
653:
652:
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610:
597:
596:
560:
554:
553:
551:
540:
532:
526:
525:
502:
352:Richard Pfeiffer
302:Typhoid vaccines
295:
294:
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274:
227:
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202:
192:
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172:
162:
133:
130:
115:
101:
51:
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2178:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2092:Clinical trials
2071:
2040:
1979:
1955:Stanley Plotkin
1917:
1907:
1819:Cancer vaccines
1802:
1796:Schistosomiasis
1774:
1768:Trypanosomiasis
1741:
1705:Cytomegalovirus
1615:Pfizer–BioNTech
1410:
1234:
1183:Vaccine wastage
1153:
1081:
1033:
1003:
961:
956:
955:
945:
943:
930:
929:
925:
915:
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900:
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885:
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870:
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836:(11): 1273–86.
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754:
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710:
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690:
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625:(5): CD001261.
612:
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600:
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557:
549:
538:
534:
533:
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516:(13): 153–172.
504:
503:
476:
471:
393:
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377:Vi-rEPA vaccine
368:
326:subunit vaccine
290:
288:
285:(what is this?)
282:
277:
257:
236:
206:
141:
122:
41:Typhoid vaccine
35:
28:
23:
22:
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1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
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1972:
1970:Katalin KarikĂł
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
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1725:Herpes simplex
1722:
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1625:Sinopharm BIBP
1622:
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1575:Bharat Biotech
1572:
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1233:
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1201:
1200:
1198:Vaccine injury
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
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1161:
1159:
1158:Administration
1155:
1154:
1152:
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1001:
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959:External links
957:
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882:. 22 July 2017
863:
816:
795:(17): 1263–9.
775:
747:
719:
708:
688:
654:
598:
571:(2): 214–216.
555:
543:origin.who.int
527:
473:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
451:Sanofi Pasteur
436:
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421:oral vaccine:
416:
405:Sanofi Pasteur
392:
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367:
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297:
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102:
95:
85:
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32:typhus vaccine
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2186:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
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2164:Live vaccines
2162:
2160:
2159:Typhoid fever
2157:
2156:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2118:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
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2090:
2087:
2084:
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2079:
2078:
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2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:Drew Weissman
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:H. Fred Clark
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Louis Pasteur
1928:
1926:
1925:Edward Jenner
1923:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:DTwP-HepB-Hib
1894:
1892:
1891:DTaP-IPV-HepB
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:combination:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
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1811:
1809:
1805:
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1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
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1781:
1780:Helminthiasis
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1759:
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1751:
1750:
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1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
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1691:
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1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:combination:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
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1400:
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1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
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1380:
1379:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
1377:
1376:
1375:combination:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1348:
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1289:
1288:Meningococcus
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:Leptospirosis
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
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1590:EpiVacCorona
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1342:Tuberculosis
1315:Pneumococcal
1283:Lyme disease
1111:Heterologous
1010:Immunization
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
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211:Legal status
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1984:Controversy
1918:researchers
1834:Hepatitis B
1720:Hepatitis C
1665:Chicken pox
1491:Hepatitis E
1486:Hepatitis B
1481:Hepatitis A
1427:Chikungunya
1404:Shigellosis
1258:Brucellosis
1144:Therapeutic
1098:Inactivated
1038:Development
1026:Inoculation
1018:Vaccination
916:29 December
886:29 December
872:"Typhim Vi"
681:15 December
241:Identifiers
107:MedlinePlus
79:Trade names
2153:Categories
2019:Thiomersal
1965:Paul Offit
1940:Jonas Salk
1916:Inventors/
1787:research:
1764:research:
1701:research:
1630:Skycovione
1620:Sanofi–GSK
1565:SARS-CoV-2
1476:Hantavirus
1437:rVSV-ZEBOV
1422:Adenovirus
1390:research:
1268:Diphtheria
1106:Attenuated
946:9 December
469:References
272:760T5R8B3O
247:ChemSpider
2098:Phase III
2086:Withdrawn
2014:Pox party
1824:ALVAC-CEA
1746:Protozoan
1635:Sputnik V
1585:CoronaVac
1555:Rotavirus
1453:Pandemrix
1305:Pertussis
1246:Bacterial
1130:Synthetic
1093:Conjugate
1045:Adjuvants
1022:Infection
902:"Vivotif"
455:Hepatyrix
401:Typhim VI
121:Pregnancy
99:Monograph
93:Drugs.com
2169:Vaccines
2131:Medicine
1856:Prostvac
1849:Gardasil
1844:Cervarix
1791:Hookworm
1670:Shingles
1652:Smallpox
1570:Corbevax
1506:Gardasil
1501:Cervarix
1239:Vaccines
1193:Schedule
1164:Global:
1072:Timeline
1014:Vaccines
858:23280555
850:24156285
811:11320385
758:(2021).
730:(2019).
714:Archived
675:Archived
649:29851031
585:29661581
409:Typherix
383:Schedule
340:HIV/AIDS
306:vaccines
292:(verify)
147:ATC code
136: B2
123:category
2143:Viruses
2117:Portals
2045:Related
1991:General
1753:Malaria
1640:Valneva
1605:Novavax
1600:Moderna
1595:Janssen
1580:CanSino
1560:Rubella
1518:Measles
1384:Td/Tdap
1354:Typhoid
1337:Tetanus
1332:Q fever
1263:Cholera
1253:Anthrax
1122:Peptide
1086:Classes
1067:Storage
936:who.int
640:6494485
593:4902671
565:Vaccine
443:ViVaxim
423:Vivotif
197: (
195:J07AP10
187: (
185:J07AP03
177: (
175:J07AP02
167: (
165:J07AP01
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157: (
113:a607028
67:Typhoid
2081:WHO-EM
2001:Lancet
1878:TA-NIC
1863:NicVAX
1710:Dengue
1550:Rabies
1371:Typhus
1310:Plague
1188:Policy
1149:Toxoid
1077:Trials
971:(MeSH)
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447:ViATIM
354:, and
232:â„ž-only
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63:Target
2009:NCVIA
1873:TA-CD
1807:Other
1758:RTS,S
1538:Sabin
1533:Polio
1528:Mumps
1432:Ebola
1415:Viral
1364:ViCPS
1359:Ty21a
1293:MeNZB
1223:VAERS
1173:NITAG
1102:Live
910:(FDA)
906:U.S.
880:(FDA)
876:U.S.
854:S2CID
671:(CDC)
667:U.S.
589:S2CID
550:(PDF)
539:(PDF)
419:Ty21a
391:Types
314:Ty21a
155:J07AP
1735:Zika
1695:MMRV
1543:Salk
1523:Mpox
1469:LAIV
1464:H5N8
1459:H5N1
1449:H1N1
1325:PPSV
1208:ACIP
1204:US:
1178:SAGE
1139:mRNA
1055:list
948:2019
918:2019
888:2019
846:PMID
807:PMID
704:ISBN
683:2015
645:PMID
623:2018
581:PMID
445:and
331:The
318:live
304:are
263:UNII
254:none
89:AHFS
1996:MMR
1839:HPV
1829:BCG
1730:HIV
1690:MMR
1496:HPV
1444:Flu
1347:BCG
1320:PCV
1273:Hib
1228:VSD
1135:DNA
1030:J07
838:doi
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764:hdl
736:hdl
635:PMC
627:doi
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190:WHO
180:WHO
170:WHO
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