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573:. Throughout the Zhejian province, thousands of bridges, dikes and communications equipment were destroyed. Nationwide, 4,900 dwellings were demolished, 102 people sustained injuries, and 122 fatalities occurred. Damage in the country amounted to $ 120 million. Further south, the storm came close enough to
500:. At the time of landfall, the JTWC estimated that Gerald had weakened into a tropical depression, and the JMA had stopped classifying the storm altogether. At 00:00 UTC on September 11, the JTWC ceased following the storm as it was no longer identifiable by surface observations or via satellite imagery.
429:
for the storm reached T2.0/30 mph (50 km/h), prompting the JTWC to upgrade the system into a tropical depression, although post-storm analysis from the agency indicated that the system attained tropical depression status at 00:00 UTC on
September 4 and tropical storm intensity at
560:
receiving the worst damage of the storm. Throughout the province, 67 people were killed and 31 other people were injured, many seriously, while 126,610 ha (312,865 acres) of crops were damaged. Most of the casualties in the province occurred due to collapsed homes. In the neighboring
508:
During its formative stages of the typhoon, 177 people – or 32 families – were either homeless or evacuated to shelters in the
Philippines. There, damage totaled $ 4.48 million, with $ 2.52 million from public infrastructure and $ 1.94 million from agriculture. However,
250:) in damage but no deaths. Although the system stayed offshore Taiwan, the storm inflicted widespread flooding across the island that took five lives. There, 5,000 families were left without power, and damage exceeded $ 10 million. Although Gerald weakened considerably prior to making
509:
there were no casualties. Although Gerald did not make landfall in Taiwan, it came close enough to deliver heavy rains and strong winds to the island. Five people were killed. Along the eastern and southeastern coasts portion of Taiwan, roads were cut off due to falling debris and
448:
After meandering offshore the
Philippines during the storm's formative stages, Gerald began to turn west-northwest and then north-northwest on September 7. Subsequently, the JTWC revised its forecasts, and called for Gerald to track through the
469:. Several hours later, the JTWC estimated that Gerald reached its peak intensity of 195 km/h (120 mph). At the same time, the JMA indicated that Gerald attained winds of 145 km/h (90 mph), its peak intensity, and a minimum
484:, which resulted in considerable weakening. Late on September 9, Gerald passed about 20 km (12 mi) south of the southern tip of Taiwan, and early the following morning, tracked 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the island of
231:, Gerald moved west-northwest and then northwest while steadily deepening. Gerald obtained typhoon intensity on September 8, and the following day, attained maximum intensity. Shortly thereafter, the typhoon skirted southwestern
431:
441:. The JTWC initially expected Gerald to re-curve east of the Philippines; however, the storm's circulation remained quite shallow and embedded within the monsoon trough, causing Gerald to meander. The JMA upgraded Gerald into
492:, and at 00:00 UTC on September 10, the JMA downgraded Gerald into a severe tropical storm. Six hours later, the JTWC reported that Gerald was no longer a typhoon. Late on September 10, Gerald made
262:, 28 people were killed and 71 others sustained injuries. Across China, 4,900 homes were destroyed and 122 fatalities were reported. Damage in the country amounted to $ 120 million.
457:. Gerald also started to intensify at a faster clip. At 00:00 UTC on September 7, the JTWC reported that Gerald reached typhoon intensity, with the JMA doing the same a mere 12 hours later as an
980:
662:
over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint
Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.
227:
during
September 1987. A tropical depression developed on September 4, and within 24 hours, intensified into a tropical storm. After initially moving erratically within the
861:
Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane
Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?".
473:
of 950 mbar (28 inHg). While at peak intensity, Typhoon Gerald exhibited a 110 km (70 mi) wide eye – unusually large for a tropical cyclone that season.
831:
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565:, 28 others died and 71 were injured. There, the storm flooded 126,610 ha (312,865 acres) of crops and destroyed 700 homes. A highway tunnel in
1006:
769:
569:
collapsed, burying at least 12 people, six of whom were rescued. Most of the district was also isolated from the outside world due to flooding along the
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578:
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672:
593:
received 16.5 mm (0.65 in) of rain in a five-day time span. Throughout Hong Kong, there were no deaths or damages. Following the storm, the
435:
465:. Midday on September 8, the JTWC increased the intensity of the typhoon to 185 km/h (115 mph), equal to Category 3 intensity on the
430:
18:00 UTC that day. At 06:00 UTC on
September 5, the JMA followed suit and classified Gerald as a tropical storm. Meanwhile, the
727:
521:. A worker at a nuclear power plant in the southern tip of the island died due to head injuries suffered during the storm. Two fishermen near
529:. During the height of the storm, 5,000 households lost power. Overall, five people were killed and damage exceeded $ 10 million.
1217:
581:
for about 23 hours starting on
September 9. Citywide, the highest recorded wind gust of 87 km/h (54 mph) occurred at
425:
in the vicinity of the low began to fall on
September 4. Consequently, the TFCA was re-issued at 10:00 UTC. Eight hours later,
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402:(TCFA), but almost immediately thereafter, shower and thunderstorm activity rapidly diminished due to decreased poleward
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1126:(Report). Washington D.C., United States: United States Agency for International Development. August 1993. p. 49
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414:(JMA) started tracking the system at 00:00 UTC on September 3. Eight hours later, the TCFA was cancelled.
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The
International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data
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867:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
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was mobilized to provide food and supplies to an estimated 25,400 people that were left homeless.
481:
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247:
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830:
Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010).
734:
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235:, which resulted in a steady weakening trend. On September 10, Gerald moved ashore north of
1032:"Typhoon strikes Taiwan, killing at least three". United Press International. September 9, 1987.
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Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1988).
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450:
274:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
983:(Report). National Disaster Coordinating Council. November 9, 2004. Archived from
1105:"China typhoon death toll rises". United Press International. September 19, 1987.
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Shortly after its peak, Gerald began to interact with the southwestern coast of
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also reported a minimum pressure of 1,000.8 mbar (29.55 inHg) while
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1121:
Disaster History: Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900–Present
1120:
862:
1090:"Typhoon kills 95 in China". United Press International. September 14, 1987.
574:
557:
432:
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
236:
658:
Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are
1070:"Typhoon Kills 95 in Eastern China". Associated Press. September 13, 1987.
1009:. National Disaster Coordinating Council. November 9, 2004. Archived from
957:(Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2002. Archived from
838:(Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Archived from
562:
549:
510:
259:
246:
Across the Philippines, the storm caused $ 4.48 million (1987
671:
All Philippine currencies are converted to United States Dollars using
1050:"Foreign News Briefs". United Press International. September 12, 1987.
803:"Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000"
733:(Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from
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Typhoon Gerald brought up to 510 mm (20 in) of rain to the
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488:. The weakening trend persisted as the typhoon entered the
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Although the low initially exhibited features typical of a
398:
persisted. Two and a half hours later, the agency issued a
298:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
293:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
366:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
318:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
313:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
308:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
303:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
1173:
808:. Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3
467:
United States-based Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
382:
that developed to the east of the Philippines over the
374:
Typhoon Gerald, one of three typhoons to form from the
1171:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters.
323:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
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378:in early September 1987, originated from an
768:Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992).
496:less than 100 km (60 mi) northeast of
981:Typhoon Neneng: Destructive Typhoons 1970-2003
445:during the evening hours of September 5.
390:(JTWC) started tracking the low at 06:00
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924:. Meteorological Results: 1987 (Report).
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1174:"EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database"
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919:"Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries"
888:PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Names 1963–1988
687:
675:with an exchange rate of the year 1987.
634:
1152:. Associated Press. September 14, 1987
1065:
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1061:
886:Padua, Michael V. (November 6, 2008).
434:(PAGASA) also monitored the storm and
421:, surface observations suggested that
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728:Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1987
1177:. Université catholique de Louvain.
504:Preparations, impact, and aftermath
480:. This greatly reduced the storm's
1107: – via Lexis Nexis
1092: – via Lexis Nexis
1072: – via Lexis Nexis
1052: – via Lexis Nexis
1034: – via Lexis Nexis
243:. Gerald dissipated the next day.
14:
1007:"Destructive Typhoons 1970-2003"
770:RSMC Best Track Data – 1980–1989
607:
400:Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert
358:
348:
338:
436:assigned it with the local name
649:for the western Pacific Ocean.
1:
1146:"Typhoon Kills 95 in Beijing"
513:. Two young boys died due to
111:Category 3-equivalent typhoon
33:Typhoon Gerald on September 9
1196:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
388:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
219:, affected the Philippines,
136:195 km/h (120 mph)
1218:1987 Pacific typhoon season
1191:Japan Meteorological Agency
926:Hong Kong Royal Observatory
832:1987 Gerald (1987245N15133)
673:Philippines Measuring worth
643:Japan Meteorological Agency
587:Hong Kong Royal Observatory
412:Japan Meteorological Agency
394:on September 2, after
200:1987 Pacific typhoon season
84:150 km/h (90 mph)
1259:
864:Frequently Asked Questions
427:Dvorak intensity estimates
1243:Tropical cyclones in 1987
453:and eventually move into
195:
183:
157:$ 134 million (1987
116:
68:
26:
772:(Report). Archived from
615:tropical cyclones portal
461:first became evident on
1109:(subscription required)
1094:(subscription required)
1074:(subscription required)
1054:(subscription required)
1036:(subscription required)
22:Typhoon Gerald (Neneng)
16:Pacific typhoon in 1987
955:Typhoon 14W Best Track
890:(Report). Typhoon 2000
579:No 1. hurricane signal
371:
266:Meteorological history
40:Meteorological history
536:, with the cities of
443:severe tropical storm
364:Extratropical cyclone
273:
740:on February 21, 2013
410:. Despite this, the
380:area of low pressure
285:Saffir–Simpson scale
89:Lowest pressure
1013:on November 9, 2004
961:on January 31, 2017
783:on December 5, 2014
471:barometric pressure
354:Subtropical cyclone
70:10-minute sustained
23:
1223:Typhoons in Taiwan
1201:2015-08-09 at the
623:Typhoon Hal (1985)
517:in the capital of
372:
133:Highest winds
118:1-minute sustained
81:Highest winds
57:September 11, 1987
1228:Typhoons in China
987:on March 15, 2005
842:on March 27, 2016
463:satellite imagery
423:surface pressures
260:Zhejiang Province
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595:Chinese army
583:Tate's Cairn
561:province of
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197:Part of the
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591:Cheung Chau
527:storm surge
213:Philippines
170:Philippines
1212:Categories
683:References
408:wind shear
396:convection
334:Storm type
146:Fatalities
54:Dissipated
660:sustained
575:Hong Kong
558:Zhangzhou
511:mudslides
237:Hong Kong
1199:Archived
601:See also
563:Zhejiang
550:Quanzhou
494:landfall
328:Unknown
252:landfall
1156:May 28,
1130:May 12,
1017:May 28,
991:May 28,
965:May 11,
932:May 11,
894:May 12,
871:May 11,
846:May 11,
812:May 11,
787:May 11,
744:May 11,
523:Hualien
404:outflow
278:Map key
185:IBTrACS
63:Typhoon
928:. 1988
585:. The
554:Xiamen
546:Putian
542:Fuzhou
538:Ningde
519:Taipei
486:Magong
478:Taiwan
439:Neneng
386:. The
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233:Taiwan
223:, and
221:Taiwan
174:Taiwan
154:Damage
46:Formed
1124:(PDF)
922:(PDF)
806:(PDF)
738:(PDF)
731:(PDF)
629:Notes
455:China
239:near
225:China
178:China
122:SSHWS
1158:2017
1132:2017
1019:2017
993:2017
967:2017
934:2017
896:2017
873:2017
848:2017
814:2017
789:2017
779:.TXT
746:2017
641:The
498:Amoy
241:Amoy
126:JTWC
103:inHg
99:mbar
93:950
459:eye
392:UTC
248:USD
215:as
159:USD
149:127
95:hPa
74:JMA
1214::
1148:.
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1160:.
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