Tyrosine kinase - Knowledge (XXG)

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are occupied, or activated, by one of these ligands. Although more research indicates that receptors remain active within endosomes, it was once thought that endocytosis caused by ligands was the event responsible for the process in which receptors are inactivated. Activated receptor tyrosine kinase receptors are internalized (recycled back into the system) in short time and are ultimately delivered to lysosomes, where they become work-adjacent to the catabolic acid hydrolases that partake in digestion. Internalized signaling complexes are involved in different roles in different receptor tyrosine kinase systems, the specifics of which were researched. In addition, ligands participate in reversible binding, with inhibitors binding non-covalently (inhibition of different types are effected depending on whether these inhibitors bind the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both). Multivalency, which is an attribute that bears particular interest to some people involved in related scientific research, is a phenomenon characterized by the concurrent binding of several ligands positioned on one unit to several coinciding receptors on another. In any case, the binding of the ligand to its partner is apparent owing to the effects that it can have on the functionality of many proteins. Ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases, as they are sometimes referred to, demonstrate a unique attribute. Once a tyrosine receptor kinase is bonded to its ligand, it is able to bind to tyrosine kinase residing in the cytosol of the cell.

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epidermal growth factor receptor showed a rapid response to the inhibitor, as demonstrated by the improvement of the cancer symptoms. In each group, improvements were noted after a single week of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Gefitinib application once per day caused “rapid” symptom improvement and tumor regressions in non-small cell lung cancer patients. In the field of medical research, this is an especially significant example of the use of an inhibitor to treat tyrosine kinase-associated cancer. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy were the only major options available prior to the discoveries made in this trial. The side-effects of Gefitinib oral treatment once per day were considered significant. Diarrhea was reported in 57% of patients in the 250 mg group and in 75% of the 500 mg group. One patient had diarrhea more severe than Grade 2, with up to six bowel movements in only one day. Also, a death occurred possibly due to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment; however, the correlation is not exactly clear. In addition, skin toxicity was observed in 62% of patients in the 250 mg group. Nevertheless, the side-effects of Gefitinib were only “generally mild, manageable, noncumulative, and reversible.” Unfortunately, ceasing to take the inhibitor may be the only reversal strategy of the unfavorable symptoms. Gefitinib still represents a reasonably safe and effective treatment compared to other cancer therapies.

866:, inducing favorable outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancers. A common, widespread cancer, non-small cell lung cancer is the cause of death in more people than breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer together. This is strong motivation to perform research on tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential targets in cancer treatment. Gefitinib, functioning as an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved symptoms related to non-small cell lung cancer and resulted in radiographic tumor regressions. This is an example of the efficacy of such an inhibitor. The process of inhibition shows how the cancer sustains. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor activate signalling pathways that promote cell survival. Non-small cell lung cancer cells become dependent on these survival signals. Gefitinib's inhibition of the survival signals may be a contributing factor to its efficacy as a drug for non-small cell cancer treatment. 834:

This is evidenced by the observation that cells affected by the Rous sarcoma virus display obvious structural modifications and a total lack of normal cell growth regulation. Rous sarcoma virus-encoded oncoproteins are protein tyrosine kinases that are the cause of, and are required for, this cellular transformation. Tyrosine phosphorylation activity also increases or decreases in conjunction with changes in cell composition and growth regulation. In this way, a certain transformation exhibited by cells is dependent on a role that tyrosine kinase demonstrates. Protein tyrosine kinases, have a major role in the activation of

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kinase inhibitor STI571 was found to significantly reduce the physical size of tumors; they decreased roughly 65% in size in 4 months of trialing, and continued to diminish. New lesions did not appear, and a number of the liver metastases completely reduced to non-existence. The single patient in the study remained healthy following treatment. There are no effective means of treatment for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but that STI571 represents an effective treatment in early stage cancer associated with constitutively active c-kit, by inhibiting unfavourable tyrosine kinase activity.

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related to local inflammation such as atherosclerosis and psoriasis, or systemic inflammation such as sepsis and septic shock. A number of viruses target tyrosine kinase function during infection. The polyoma virus affects tyrosine kinase activity inside the nuclear matrix. Fibroblasts are cells involved in wound healing and cell structure formation in mammalian cells. When these cells are transformed by the polyoma virus, higher tyrosine activity is observed in the cellular matrix, which is also correlated to cellular proliferation. Another virus that targets tyrosine kinase is the

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can be contained in the nucleus of differentiating, calcium-provoked kertinocytes. Lyn, in the nuclear matrix, among the nuclear envelope and the “fibrous web” that physically stabilizes DNA, was found functioning in association with the matrix. Also, it appeared to be conditional to cell cycle. The contribution of the Lyn protein to the total tyrosine kinase activity within the nuclear matrix is unknown, however; because the Lyn was extracted only partially, an accurate measurement of its activity could not be managed. Indications, as such, are that, according to Vegesna

830:, a retrovirus that causes sarcoma in chickens. Infected cells display obvious structure modifications and cell growth regulation that is extremely unusual. Protein tyrosine kinases that are encoded by the Rous sarcoma virus cause cellular transformation, and are termed oncoproteins. In addition, tyrosine kinase can sometimes function incorrectly in such a way that leads to non-small cell lung cancer. A common, widespread cancer, non-small cell lung cancer is the cause of death in more people than the total number in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer together. 492:

kinases mediate some gene responses and more. The process is also responsible for mediating the production of blood cells. In this case, erythropoietin binds to the corresponding plasma membrane receptor, dimerizing the receptor. The dimer is responsible for activating the kinase JAK via binding. Tyrosine residues located in the cytoplasmic domain of the erythropoietin receptor are consequently phosphorylated by the activated protein kinase JAK. Overall, this is also how a receptor tyrosine kinase might be activated by a ligand to regulate erythrocyte formation.

933:(imatinib) is effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors consist of a cluster of mesenchymal neoplasms that are formed from precursors to cells that make up the connective-tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of these tumors are found in the stomach, though they can also be located in the small intestine or elsewhere in the intestinal tract. The cells of these tumors have a growth factor receptor associated with tyrosine kinase activity. This growth factor receptor is called 408:. Src family tyrosine kinases are closely related but demonstrate a wide variety of functionality. Roles or expressions of Src family tyrosine kinases vary significantly according to cell type, as well as during cell growth and differentiation. Lyn and Src family tyrosine kinases in general have been known to function in signal transduction pathways. There is evidence that Lyn is localized at the cell membrane; Lyn is associated both physically and functionally with a variety of receptor molecules. 487:, is erythropoietin in this case. (Cytokines are key regulators of hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation.) Erythropoietin's activity is initiated when hematopoietic cytokine receptors become activated. In erythrocyte regulation, erythropoietin is a protein containing 165 amino acids that plays a role in activating the cytoplasmic protein kinase JAK. The results of some newer research have also indicated that the aforementioned cytokine receptors function with members of the 719:, metabolism, adhesion, motility, and death. RTKs are composed of an extracellular domain, which is able to bind a specific ligand, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular catalytic domain, which is able to bind and phosphorylate selected substrates. Binding of a ligand to the extracellular region causes a series of structural rearrangements in the RTK that lead to its enzymatic activation. In particular, movement of some parts of the kinase domain gives free access to 29: 578: 550: 462:(2009), relies heavily on interactions, for example, mediated by the SH2 protein domain; it has been determined via experimentation that the SH2 protein domain selectivity is functional in mediating cellular processes involving tyrosine kinase. Receptor tyrosine kinases may, by this method, influence growth factor receptor signaling. This is one of the more fundamental cellular communication functions metazoans. 564: 955: 8038: 315: 941:). Mutation of c-kit causes the constitutive activity of tyrosine kinase, which results in cancerous gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Results of c-kit mutation include unrestricted tyrosine kinase activity and cell proliferation, unregulated phosphorylation of c-kit, and disruption of some communication pathways. Therapy with 825:

Tyrosine kinase activity is also significantly involved in other events that are sometimes considered highly unfavorable. For instance, enhanced activity of the enzyme has been implicated in the derangement of the function of certain systems, such as cell division. Also included are numerous diseases

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domain usually comprising 6 alpha helices (helices D, E, F, G, H, and I). Two loops in the center of the kinase domain control catalysis. The catalytic loop contains the HRD motif (usually with sequence His-Arg-Asp). The aspartic acid of this motif forms a hydrogen bond with the substrate OH group on

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Major changes are sometimes induced when the tyrosine kinase enzyme is affected by other factors. One of the factors is a molecule that is bound reversibly by a protein, called a ligand. A number of receptor tyrosine kinases, though certainly not all, do not perform protein-kinase activity until they

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Blanke CD, Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Heinrich MC, Eisenberg B, Fletcher JA, et al. (February 2008). "Long-term results from a randomized phase II trial of standard- versus higher-dose imatinib mesylate for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing KIT".

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family. The cytokine receptors activate the JAK kinases. This then results in the phosphorylation of several signaling proteins located in the cell membrane. This subsequently affects both the stimulation of ligand-mediated receptors and intracellular signaling pathway activation. Substrates for JAK

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BCR-ABL is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia. It is formed from a fusion gene when pieces of chromosomes 9 and 22 break off and trade places. The ABL gene from chromosome 9 joins to the BCR gene on chromosome 22, to form the BCR-ABL fusion

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Cellular proliferation, as explained in some detail above, may rely in some part on tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase function has been observed in the nuclear matrix. Lyn, the type of kinase that was the first to be discovered in the nuclear matrix, is part of Src family of tyrosine kinases, which

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A tyrosine kinase can become an unregulated enzyme within an organism due to influences discussed, such as mutations and more. This behavior causes havoc; essential processes become disorganized. Systems on which the organism relies malfunction, resulting often in cancers. Preventing this type of

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Research has shown that protein phosphorylation occurs on residues of tyrosine by both transmembrane receptor- and membrane-associated protein tyrosine kinases in normal cells. Phosphorylation plays a significant role in cellular signalling that regulates the number and variety of growth factors.

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can inhibit the non-normal cell signaling mechanisms in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This results in significant responses in patients and sustained disease control. By 2001 it was no longer doubted that this inhibitor can be effective and safe in humans. In similar manner, protein tyrosine

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Gefitinib is well endured by humans, and treatment resulted in a symptom improvement rate of 43% (with 95% confidence in a 33%–53% interval) for patients that received 250 mg of Gefitinib and 35% (with 95% confidence in a 26%–45% interval) for those that received 500 mg. In the trial,

438:, also referred to as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is likely at hand in the influence of cellular focal adhesions, as indicated by an immunofluorescent localization of FAK. Focal adhesions are macromolecular structures that function in the transmission of mechanical force and regulatory signals. 370:

Tyrosine kinases function in a variety of processes, pathways, and actions, and are responsible for key events in the body. The receptor tyrosine kinases function in transmembrane signaling, whereas tyrosine kinases within the cell function in signal transduction to the nucleus. Tyrosine kinase

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Kinase is a large family of enzymes that are responsible for catalyzing the transfer of a phosphoryl group from a nucleoside triphosphate donor, such as ATP, to an acceptor molecule. Tyrosine kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins. The phosphorylation of tyrosine

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are molecules that function in signaling by regulating the effects of insulin. Many receptor enzymes have closely related structure and receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and it has been determined that the foundational or prototypical receptor enzyme is insulin. Insulin receptor substrates

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in a cell; proteins in the cytosol and proteins in the nucleus are phosphorylated at tyrosine residues during this process. Cellular growth and reproduction may rely to some degree on tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase function has been observed in the

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To reduce enzyme activity, inhibitor molecules bind to enzymes. Reducing enzyme activity can disable a pathogen or correct an incorrectly function system; as such, many enzyme inhibitors are developed to be used as drugs by the general public.

543:. This variety of function may be a means to create ligand-specific signals. This supports the notion that trafficking, a term for the modification of proteins subsequent to mRNA translation, may be vital to the function of receptor signaling. 616:

Tyr during catalysis. The other loop is the activation loop, whose position and conformation determine in part whether the kinase is active or inactive. The activation loop begins with the DFG motif (usually with sequence Asp-Phe-Gly).

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are involved with protein tyrosine kinase. Signals in the surroundings received by receptors in the membranes of cells are transmitted into the cell cytoplasm. Transmembrane signaling due to receptor tyrosine kinases, according to Bae

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July 12, 2013 FDA approved afatinib "multiple receptor, irreversible TKI" for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation

735:, either by gene mutation, or chromosome translocation, or simply by over-expression. In every case, the result is a hyper-active kinase, that confers an aberrant, ligand-independent, non-regulated growth stimulus to the 346:

Phosphorylation at tyrosine residues controls a wide range of properties in proteins such as enzyme activity, subcellular localization, and interaction between molecules. Furthermore, tyrosine kinases function in many

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The transmission of mechanical force and regulatory signals are quite fundamental in the normal survival of a living organism. Protein tyrosine kinase plays a role in this task, too. A protein tyrosine kinase called

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Protein kinases can become mutated, stuck in the "on" position, and cause unregulated growth of the cell, which is a necessary step for the development of cancer. Therefore, kinase inhibitors, such as

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circumstance is highly desirable. Much research has already noted the significant effect that inhibitors of the radically functioning protein tyrosine kinase enzymes have on related ailments. (See

665:). Including these four genes, there are 82 human genes that contain a catalytically active tyrosine kinase domain They are divided into two classes, receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. 330:

in a protein substrate side-chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function. The enzymes fall into two broad classes, characterised with respect to substrate specificity:

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Yet another possible and probable role of protein tyrosine kinase is that in the event of circulatory failure and organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin in rats, where the effects of inhibitors

430:. It has also been demonstrated that phosphorylation of a middle-T antigen on tyrosine is also associated with cell transformation, a change that is similar to cellular growth or reproduction. 5104: 2606:"Nilotinib (formerly AMN107), a highly selective BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia" 3642: 3637: 683:(RTKs) were known, grouped into 20 subfamilies. Eight of these membrane proteins which contain tyrosine protein kinase domains are actually pseudokinases, without catalytic activity ( 520:

each have unique characteristic tissue function and distribution that serves to enhance signaling capabilities in pathways that are initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Activated

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system, as such, has been used as an intermediate example. Some signals are produced from the actual cell surface in this case but other signals seem to emanate from within the

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Silvennoinen O, Saharinen P, Paukku K, Takaluoma K, Kovanen P (July 1997). "Cytokine receptor signal transduction through Jak tyrosine kinases and Stat transcription factors".

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Gunby RH, Sala E, Tartari CJ, Puttini M, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Mologni L (November 2007). "Oncogenic fusion tyrosine kinases as molecular targets for anti-cancer therapy".

788:) genes. SRC family members have been found to regulate many cellular processes. For example, the T-cell antigen receptor leads to intracellular signalling by activation of 3757: 3735: 446:(1996), Lyn polypeptides are associated with tyrosine kinase activity in the nuclear matrix. The extracted Lyn was enzymatically active, offering support for this notion. 2253:"Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial" 731:

of intracellular proteins that ultimately transmit ("transduce") the extracellular signal to the nucleus, causing changes in gene expression. Many RTKs are involved in

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will bind to phosphate-tyrosine residues under the influence of receptor protein kinases. This mechanism is an ordinary one that provokes protein-protein interactions.

7019: 3553: 929:(GIST) are known to withstand cancer chemotherapy treatment and do not respond to any kind of therapy (in 2001) in advanced cases. However, tyrosine kinase inhibitor 209: 5097: 1752:"Effects of tyrphostins and genistein on the circulatory failure and organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin in the rat: a possible role for protein tyrosine kinase" 7979: 141: 129: 4239: 645:

There are 90 human genes that contain a total of 94 protein tyrosine kinase domains (PTKs). Four genes contain both a catalytically active kinase domain and a

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is regulated. Mammals possess this system, which begins in the kidneys where the developmental signal is manufactured. The developmental signal, also called a

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gene. Tyrosine kinase activity is crucial for the transformation of BCR-ABL. Therefore, inhibiting it improves cancer symptoms. Among currently available

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can cause some tyrosine kinases to become constitutively active, a nonstop functional state that may contribute to initiation or progression of cancer.

2657:"Phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor on tumor-associated endothelial cells is a primary target for therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors" 6458: 3558: 85: 7320: 7010: 4536: 3725: 1381: 331: 273: 6615: 3962: 2295:

Sordella R, Bell DW, Haber DA, Settleman J (August 2004). "Gefitinib-sensitizing EGFR mutations in lung cancer activate anti-apoptotic pathways".

1064: 1093:(EGFR), and can be used to treat lung and pancreatic cancer where there is often over-expression of this cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase. 5600: 5283: 4277: 838:. In addition, they are functional in mediating communication pathways in cell types such as adrenal chromaffin, platelets, and neural cells. 7998: 7948: 7919: 7866: 6353: 6220: 3919: 3364: 2210: 1659: 109: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 5218: 5202: 3947: 1706:"Association of Lyn tyrosine kinase with the nuclear matrix and cell-cycle-dependent changes in matrix-associated tyrosine kinase activity" 1072: 1574:

Hanks SK, Quinn AM, Hunter T (July 1988). "The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains".

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possess higher tyrosine activity in the cellular matrix. Furthermore, tyrosine kinase activity has been determined to be correlated to

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Additional instances of factor-influenced protein tyrosine kinase activity, similar to this one, exist. An adapter protein such as

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Tyrosine Kinases on KinCore: the Kinase Conformation Resource: A web resource for protein kinase sequence, structure and phylogeny

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Furthermore, to illustrate an extra circumstance, insulin-associated factors have been determined to influence tyrosine kinase.

7872: 926: 715:). Receptor tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in diverse cellular activities including growth (by signaling neurotrophins), 7959: 7935: 7075: 6631: 6494: 3817: 1005: 780:, the Rous sarcoma virus mentioned above, was found to carry mutated versions of the normal cellular Src gene. The mutated v- 4969: 229: 322:

Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that possess a catalytic subunit that transfers the gamma (terminal) phosphate from

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García-Gutiérrez, Valentin; Breccia, Massimo; Jabbour, Elias; Mauro, Michael; Cortes, Jorge E. (11 July 2022).

809: 754: 724: 716: 674: 5480: 2511:"Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor" 217: 2509:

Joensuu H, Roberts PJ, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Andersson LC, Tervahartiala P, Tuveson D, et al. (April 2001).

7646: 5393: 5268: 4866: 4579: 4570: 3091: 2706:"Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: New Perspectives on Their Immune, Antiviral, and Senotherapeutic Potential" 1261: 427: 323: 7325: 7930: 7546: 7450: 7310: 7070: 6489: 5475: 5113: 3868: 3545: 3318: 3228: 2565: 784:

gene has lost the normal built-in inhibition of enzyme activity that is characteristic of cellular SRC (c-

720: 583: 254: 8004: 6201: 5845: 5485: 5124: 4887: 4806: 4531: 4215: 3399: 3354: 3056: 3041: 2977: 2957: 2855: 2392:"Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia" 1173: 777: 596: 4959: 213: 2840: 90: 7944: 7330: 6262: 6211: 3313: 3308: 3188: 3051: 3031: 2940: 2351:"Epidermal growth factor receptor in relation to tumor development: EGFR-targeted anticancer therapy" 2304: 1821: 1583: 1097: 854:

Cancer's response to an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase was assessed in a clinical trial. In this case,

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Tyrosine kinases are particularly important today because of their implications in the treatment of

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mediates the response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors. Paracrine activates

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le Coutre P, Ottmann OG, Giles F, Kim DW, Cortes J, Gattermann N, et al. (February 2008).

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residues in turn causes a change in the function of the protein that they are contained in.

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Kris MG, Natale RB, Herbst RS, Lynch TJ, Prager D, Belani CP, et al. (October 2003).

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of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell (

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Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, Peng B, Buchdunger E, Ford JM, et al. (April 2001).

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment options have been limited. However

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An example of this trigger-system in action is the process by which the formation of

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is the inhibitor of tyrosine kinase. Incorrect tyrosine kinase function can lead to

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the signal created by insulin. The insulin receptor system, in contrast, appears to

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Kuwai T, Nakamura T, Sasaki T, Kim SJ, Fan D, Villares GJ, et al. (May 2008).

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inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.

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Schaller MD, Borgman CA, Cobb BS, Vines RR, Reynolds AB, Parsons JT (June 1992).

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2063:"Defining a new nomenclature for the structures of active and inactive kinases" 1814:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

7793: 7758: 7753: 7743: 7733: 7651: 7440: 7415: 7405: 7251: 7205: 7065: 6891: 6860: 6829: 6798: 6743: 6718: 6698: 6683: 6673: 6567: 6484: 6277: 6257: 6156: 6101: 6096: 5920: 5825: 5810: 5605: 5564: 5536: 5505: 5465: 5368: 5323: 5318: 5293: 5288: 5278: 5191: 5185: 5175: 4748: 4743: 4733: 4728: 4719: 4668: 4584: 4474: 3404: 3247: 3160: 2925: 2875: 1517: 1489: 1473: 1333: 1281: 1257: 1161: 1157: 1141: 765: 612: 604: 600: 450: 411: 405: 401: 314: 2722: 2579: 2269: 2252: 396:

and a “fibrous web” that serves to physically stabilize DNA. To be specific,

7818: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7748: 7738: 7728: 7718: 7410: 7370: 7266: 7241: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6960: 6881: 6819: 6753: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6708: 6703: 6693: 6688: 6582: 6557: 6322: 6242: 6161: 6106: 5996: 5935: 5925: 5830: 5717: 5515: 5510: 5500: 5408: 5398: 5383: 5358: 5353: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5039: 5013: 3683: 3596: 3133: 2899: 2316: 2079: 1834: 1595: 1119: 1111: 1086: 1082: 1056: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 915: 911: 907: 903: 878: 855: 569: 454: 389: 356: 250: 2741: 2690: 2641: 2587: 2536: 2484: 2418: 2376: 2324: 2278: 2164: 2129: 2098: 1999: 1981: 1942: 1917:"Regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling by endocytic trafficking" 1892: 1767: 2039: 1853: 1785: 1731: 1603: 633:, the crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the human 118: 7989: 7708: 7365: 6965: 6955: 6935: 6870: 6839: 6808: 6772: 6678: 6668: 6015: 5495: 5438: 5348: 5308: 4483: 3890: 3530: 3110: 1869:"Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: a view from quantitative proteomics" 1013: 942: 899: 819: 769: 555: 540: 484: 419: 404:

family that was identified in the nuclear matrix, appears to control the

292: 258: 73: 2632: 757: 7964: 7385: 6850: 6252: 5213: 3481: 3466: 3082: 2834: 2824: 2813: 2803: 2792: 2782: 619:

There are over 1800 3D structures of tyrosine kinases available in the

380: 262: 102: 97: 2672: 873:

Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor plays a crucial role in

629: 371:

activity in the nucleus involves cell-cycle control and properties of

7877: 7541: 7430: 7355: 7060: 7055: 6479: 6474: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6056: 5595: 5273: 5052: 4822: 4772: 4035: 3971: 3966: 3459: 2894: 1884: 1513: 1425: 1421: 1221: 930: 815: 736: 684: 422:

and is involved in wound healing – that have been transformed by the

246: 224: 2114:"Role of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapeutics" 1868: 351:

cascades wherein extracellular signals are transmitted through the

7909: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7596: 7495: 7170: 7110: 6924: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6126: 5990: 5909: 5905: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5701: 5697: 5548: 5026: 4560: 4438: 4403: 4398: 4374: 4176: 4161: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4088: 4083: 4059: 4054: 4045: 3957: 3952: 3929: 3900: 3895: 3476: 3471: 3323: 1554: 1533: 1525: 1497: 1481: 1441: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1369: 1365: 1353: 1329: 1325: 1313: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1169: 1016:, as an inhibitor to the malfunctioning enzyme, can be effective. 934: 712: 692: 688: 521: 364: 313: 40: 3633:

CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase

7380: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5788: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5579: 5544: 5525: 4678: 4608: 4555: 4546: 4507: 4498: 4488: 4369: 4360: 4350: 4296: 4287: 4272: 4263: 4253: 4248: 4224: 4025: 3877: 3387: 3382: 3278: 3273: 2972: 2967: 2962: 1529: 1521: 1509: 1501: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1433: 1405: 1357: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1321: 1305: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1177: 1145: 1137: 704: 700: 696: 662: 658: 654: 650: 513: 501: 435: 375:. In this way, in fact, tyrosine kinase activity is involved in 186: 61: 5086: 4795: 4459: 3853: 3806: 2844: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4673: 1485: 1377: 1361: 1317: 1309: 1301: 948: 772:

protein. Most animal cells contain one or more members of the

753:

In humans, there are 32 cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (

727:

to the active site. This triggers a cascade of events through

397: 268:

Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger class of enzymes known as

2819:

Overview of all the structural information available in the

2798:

Overview of all the structural information available in the

2777:

Overview of all the structural information available in the

862:. Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the 4791: 763:

The first non-receptor tyrosine kinase identified was the

272:

which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as

334:, and tyrosine-specific (the subject of this article). 7980:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)

1118:

tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is effective both as a

8026: 3643:

CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase

1964:

Rinker S, Ke Y, Liu Y, Chhabra R, Yan H (July 2008).

1867:

Dengjel J, Kratchmarova I, Blagoev B (October 2009).

3648:

CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase

1059:

is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts upon

7847: 7634: 7529: 7298: 7038: 7029: 7009: 6923: 6900: 6869: 6838: 6807: 6771: 6762: 6614: 6457: 6390: 6352: 6219: 6210: 6028: 6005: 5945: 5864: 5731: 5648: 5639: 5578: 5524: 5437: 5241: 5232: 5201: 5123: 4978: 4942: 4911: 4880: 4829: 4757: 4718: 4687: 4656: 4622: 4593: 4569: 4545: 4521: 4497: 4473: 4431: 4412: 4383: 4359: 4343: 4324: 4305: 4286: 4262: 4238: 4214: 4190: 4101: 4068: 4044: 4015: 3981: 3938: 3909: 3876: 3867: 3767: 3745: 3720: 3695: 3676: 3656: 3638:

CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase

3625: 3615: 3585: 3567: 3544: 3516: 3415: 3255: 3246: 3223: 3183: 3128: 3105: 3077: 2911: 2887: 2013: 2011: 2009: 223: 203: 185: 180: 164: 152: 140: 128: 108: 96: 84: 72: 60: 52: 47: 21: 7926:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF) 6784:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 6437:Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: 2180:"How a Chicken Helped Solve the Mystery of Cancer" 2112:Bhise SB, Nalawade AD, Wadhawa H (December 2004). 1024:If imatinib does not work, patients with advanced 363:, where gene expression may be modified. Finally 2599: 2597: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 7960:Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP) 2290: 2288: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 796:, two proteins that are structurally similar to 5601:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) 5284:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2344: 2342: 2118:Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1134:Human proteins containing this domain include: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1704:Radha V, Nambirajan S, Swarup G (March 1996). 8012:Additional growth factor receptor modulators: 5098: 4807: 3818: 2856: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2246: 2244: 2242: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 649:(a kinase domain with no catalytic activity: 8: 6366:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A) 6248:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A) 6238:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C) 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 284:) and regulating cellular activity, such as 3664:N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase 3554:UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 1750:Ruetten H, Thiemermann C (September 1997). 1061:vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 595:Protein tyrosine kinase proteins contain a 7035: 6768: 6216: 5645: 5238: 5105: 5091: 5083: 4814: 4800: 4792: 4470: 4456: 3873: 3864: 3850: 3825: 3811: 3803: 3692: 3622: 3252: 3243: 2908: 2863: 2849: 2841: 1020:Chronic myelogenous leukemia and nilotinib 177: 27: 3758:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 3736:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 3559:Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 2731: 2721: 2680: 2631: 2621: 2569: 2526: 2474: 2464: 2366: 2268: 2145:Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2088: 2078: 1989: 1932: 1843: 1833: 1775: 1721: 881:had also been developed to treat cancer. 302:Most tyrosine kinases have an associated 299:, are often effective cancer treatments. 7970:Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4) 2182:. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1654:(fifth ed.). W H Freeman & Co. 1096:Kinase inhibitors can also be mediated. 8033: 5299:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) 2178:Tontonoz, Matthew (December 27, 2017). 1566: 1065:platelet-derived growth factor receptor 545: 7873:Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) 2833:(Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2) at the 2812:(Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1) at the 1089:inhibit the tyrosine kinase domain of 414:– a type of cell that synthesizes the 18: 7936:Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) 2791:(Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK) at the 1652:Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry 937:and is produced by a proto-oncogene ( 532:the efficacy of endosomal signaling. 306:, which removes the phosphate group. 7: 2704:Rivera-Torres J, San José E (2019). 2453:Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1073:colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor 2515:The New England Journal of Medicine 2399:The New England Journal of Medicine 1915:Wiley HS, Burke PM (January 2001). 2061:Modi V, Dunbrack RL (April 2019). 2032:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1997.tb05047.x 1550:Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors 318:Diagram of the activation process. 14: 3069:Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase 1934:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.020103.x 1046:Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor 8036: 7955:Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 3210:Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase 2759:Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource 2368:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07449.x 1723:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00352.x 1710:European Journal of Biochemistry 1102:epidermal growth factor receptor 1091:epidermal growth factor receptor 953: 864:epidermal growth factor receptor 576: 562: 548: 537:epidermal growth factor receptor 7123:Negative allosteric modulators: 1756:British Journal of Pharmacology 1006:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors 927:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors 922:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors 7441:Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF) 6632:Platelet-derived growth factor 776:family of tyrosine kinases. A 1: 7647:Placental growth factor (PGF) 4462:Non-receptor tyrosine kinases 3783:Protein-histidine tele-kinase 3778:Protein-histidine pros-kinase 3657:Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase 181:Available protein structures: 7931:Glia maturation factor (GMF) 6440:Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1) 3489:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2623:10.1182/blood-2007-04-083196 2558:Journal of Clinical Oncology 1124:chronic myelogenous leukemia 1026:chronic myelogenous leukemia 749:Non-receptor tyrosine kinase 304:protein tyrosine phosphatase 3396:RNA-directed DNA polymerase 3264:DNA-directed DNA polymerase 2528:10.1056/NEJM200104053441404 2411:10.1056/NEJM200104053441401 509:Insulin receptor substrates 326:(often ATP) to one or more 8080: 7863:Colony-stimulating factors 7855:Additional growth factors: 3749:: protein-dual-specificity 2466:10.1186/s13045-022-01309-0 2349:Okamoto I (January 2010). 2157:10.2174/187152007784111340 989: 860:non-small cell lung cancer 850:Non-small cell lung cancer 807: 746: 672: 611:called the C-helix, and a 400:, a type of kinase in the 388:, which comprises not the 7211:SNA-120 (pegylated K252a) 6383:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2) 6345:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2) 4970:Michaelis–Menten kinetics 4469: 4455: 3863: 3856:Receptor tyrosine kinases 3849: 2773:The Tyrosine Kinase group 2710:Frontiers in Pharmacology 1650:Cox M, Nelson DR (2008). 1108:of the tumor to do this. 1069:stem cell factor receptor 992:Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 962:This section needs to be 844:Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor 681:receptor tyrosine kinases 332:serine/threonine-specific 176: 26: 6047:Hepatocyte growth factor 5606:Neuregulins (heregulins) 5537:Neuregulins (heregulins) 5481:Trastuzumab duocarmazine 5194:(against angiopoietin 2) 5188:(against angiopoietin 3) 4862:Diffusion-limited enzyme 3726:protein-serine/threonine 3626:Phosphatidyltransferases 3215:Thiamine diphosphokinase 2723:10.3389/fphar.2019.01011 2580:10.1200/JCO.2007.13.4403 2270:10.1001/jama.290.16.2149 889:Chronic myeloid leukemia 810:Protein kinase inhibitor 743:Cytoplasmic/non-receptor 675:Receptor tyrosine kinase 324:nucleoside triphosphates 5394:Depatuxizumab mafodotin 3869:Growth factor receptors 2317:10.1126/science.1101637 2080:10.1073/pnas.1814279116 1835:10.1073/pnas.89.11.5192 1596:10.1126/science.3291115 599:, which consists of an 428:cellular transformation 22:Protein tyrosine kinase 8017:(neurotrophin mixture) 8005:Wnt signaling proteins 7686:Allosteric modulators: 7406:Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF) 5626:5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF) 5476:Trastuzumab deruxtecan 5114:Growth factor receptor 3546:Nucleotidyltransferase 3229:nucleotidyltransferase 3156:Nucleoside-diphosphate 1982:10.1038/nnano.2008.164 1768:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701345 721:adenosine triphosphate 379:, or the induction of 319: 7945:T-cell growth factors 6202:Telisotuzumab vedotin 5486:Trastuzumab emtansine 4955:Eadie–Hofstee diagram 4888:Allosteric regulation 3400:Reverse transcriptase 2203:The Biology of Cancer 1970:Nature Nanotechnology 804:Clinical significance 778:chicken sarcoma virus 747:Further information: 673:Further information: 597:Protein kinase domain 373:transcription factors 317: 261:residues of specific 6530:EVT-901 (SAR-127963) 6263:Mecasermin rinfabate 4965:Lineweaver–Burk plot 3940:PDGF receptor family 3189:diphosphotransferase 3171:Thiamine-diphosphate 2878:-containing groups ( 2201:Weinberg RA (2007). 1873:Molecular BioSystems 1098:Paracrine signalling 416:extracellular matrix 274:serine and threonine 249:that can transfer a 4344:ROS receptor family 3878:EGF receptor family 3771:: protein-histidine 3689:; protein acceptor) 3577:mRNA capping enzyme 3569:Guanylyltransferase 2309:2004Sci...305.1163S 2303:(5687): 1163–1167. 1826:1992PNAS...89.5192S 1588:1988Sci...241...42H 1122:and as therapy for 647:pseudokinase domain 489:JAK tyrosine kinase 349:signal transduction 328:amino acid residues 282:signal transduction 7696:Kinase inhibitors: 7559:Kinase inhibitors: 7458:Kinase inhibitors: 7133:Kinase inhibitors: 6948:Kinase inhibitors: 6908:Kinase inhibitors: 6889:Kinase inhibitors: 6858:Kinase inhibitors: 6827:Kinase inhibitors: 6796:Kinase inhibitors: 6656:Kinase inhibitors: 6270:Kinase inhibitors: 6064:Kinase inhibitors: 5853:Kinase inhibitors: 5846:Aprutumab ixadotin 5493:Kinase inhibitors: 5306:Kinase inhibitors: 5163:Kinase inhibitors: 4924:Enzyme superfamily 4857:Enzyme promiscuity 3047:Phosphoinositide 3 2891:phosphotransferase 1010:mesenchymal tumors 828:Rous sarcoma virus 679:By 2004, 58 human 603:lobe comprising 5 320: 8024: 8023: 7630: 7629: 7391:N-Acetylserotonin 7290:ReN-1820 (TrkAd5) 6919: 6918: 6453: 6452: 6398:Binding proteins: 6057:Dihexa (PNB-0408) 6024: 6023: 5635: 5634: 5549:6 (neuroglycan C) 5269:EGF (urogastrone) 5247: 5080: 5079: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4097: 4096: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3672: 3671: 3611: 3610: 3512: 3511: 3425:Template-directed 3179: 3178: 3146:Phosphomevalonate 2673:10.1593/neo.08200 2521:(14): 1052–1056. 2405:(14): 1031–1037. 2263:(16): 2149–2158. 2212:978-0-8153-4076-8 2073:(14): 6818–6827. 1879:(10): 1112–1121. 1820:(11): 5192–5196. 1661:978-1-4292-2416-1 1106:endothelial cells 1001:GIST and Imatinib 983: 982: 898:to treat CML are 621:Protein Data Bank 359:and often to the 239: 238: 235: 234: 230:structure summary 8071: 8064:Tyrosine kinases 8041: 8040: 8032: 7836:Decoy receptors: 7809:Alacizumab pegol 7287:Decoy receptors: 7036: 6941:Stem cell factor 6882:Persephin (PSPN) 6820:Neurturin (NRTN) 6769: 6606:LEVI-04 (p75-Fc) 6603:Decoy receptors: 6217: 5646: 5245: 5239: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5084: 4960:Hanes–Woolf plot 4903:Enzyme activator 4898:Enzyme inhibitor 4872:Enzyme catalysis 4816: 4809: 4802: 4793: 4471: 4457: 3911:Insulin receptor 3874: 3865: 3851: 3838:tyrosine kinases 3827: 3820: 3813: 3804: 3788:Histidine kinase 3711:tyrosine kinases 3701:protein-tyrosine 3693: 3623: 3430:RNA polymerase I 3253: 3244: 3097:Aspartate kinase 3092:Phosphoglycerate 2909: 2865: 2858: 2851: 2842: 2746: 2745: 2735: 2725: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2635: 2625: 2616:(4): 1834–1839. 2601: 2592: 2591: 2573: 2552: 2541: 2540: 2530: 2506: 2489: 2488: 2478: 2468: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2429:. Archived from 2396: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2370: 2355:The FEBS Journal 2346: 2337: 2336: 2292: 2283: 2282: 2272: 2248: 2217: 2216: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2092: 2082: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2015: 2004: 2003: 1993: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1936: 1912: 1897: 1896: 1885:10.1039/b909534a 1864: 1858: 1857: 1847: 1837: 1805: 1790: 1789: 1779: 1747: 1736: 1735: 1725: 1701: 1666: 1665: 1647: 1608: 1607: 1571: 1176:; 978: 975: 969: 957: 956: 949: 635:insulin receptor 632: 623:. An example is 580: 566: 552: 394:nuclear envelope 178: 31: 19: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8035: 8027: 8025: 8020: 7965:Midkine (NEGF2) 7843: 7626: 7525: 7294: 7232:ABT-110 (PG110) 7025: 7005: 6915: 6896: 6865: 6834: 6803: 6758: 6610: 6548:ABT-110 (PG110) 6449: 6386: 6348: 6206: 6020: 6001: 5941: 5938:(against FGF23) 5860: 5727: 5631: 5574: 5520: 5433: 5244: 5228: 5197: 5119: 5111: 5081: 5076: 4988:Oxidoreductases 4974: 4950:Enzyme kinetics 4938: 4934:List of enzymes 4907: 4876: 4847:Catalytic triad 4825: 4820: 4790: 4777: 4753: 4714: 4683: 4652: 4618: 4589: 4565: 4541: 4517: 4493: 4465: 4443: 4427: 4408: 4379: 4355: 4339: 4320: 4301: 4282: 4258: 4234: 4210: 4186: 4093: 4064: 4040: 4011: 3977: 3934: 3905: 3859: 3845: 3834:Protein kinases 3831: 3801: 3792: 3763: 3741: 3716: 3687: 3681: 3677:2.7.10-2.7.13: 3668: 3652: 3619:: miscellaneous 3607: 3581: 3563: 3540: 3523:exoribonuclease 3520: 3508: 3494:Polyadenylation 3411: 3237: 3231: 3219: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3175: 3137: 3124: 3101: 3073: 2903: 2897: 2889: 2883: 2869: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2571:10.1.1.690.6356 2554: 2553: 2544: 2508: 2507: 2492: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2348: 2347: 2340: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2250: 2249: 2220: 2213: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2017: 2016: 2007: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1914: 1913: 1900: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1807: 1806: 1793: 1749: 1748: 1739: 1703: 1702: 1669: 1662: 1649: 1648: 1611: 1582:(4861): 42–52. 1573: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1541: 1132: 1054: 1022: 1003: 994: 988: 979: 973: 970: 967: 958: 954: 924: 891: 852: 812: 806: 751: 745: 729:phosphorylation 717:differentiation 677: 671: 643: 624: 607:strands and an 593: 586: 581: 572: 567: 558: 553: 498: 477: 468: 392:but rather the 340: 312: 278:Phosphorylation 270:protein kinases 243:tyrosine kinase 130:OPM superfamily 43: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8077: 8075: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8045: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8018: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7995:Thrombopoietin 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7916:Erythropoietin 7913: 7875: 7870: 7860: 7858:Adrenomedullin 7851: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7841: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7682: 7681: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7640: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7535: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7454: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7321:4'-DMA-7,8-DHF 7318: 7313: 7304: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7283: 7282: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7215: 7214: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7081:Gambogic amide 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7044: 7042: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6929: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6885: 6884: 6875: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6854: 6853: 6851:Artemin (ARTN) 6844: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6823: 6822: 6813: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6777: 6775: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6652: 6651: 6629: 6620: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6599: 6598: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6463: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6433: 6432: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6378: 6369: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6225: 6223: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6050: 6049: 6044: 6034: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5960: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5879: 5870: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5746: 5737: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5663: 5654: 5652: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5584: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5553: 5552: 5530: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5443: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5207: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5159: 5158: 5156:Angiopoietin 3 5153: 5151:Angiopoietin 2 5144: 5143: 5141:Angiopoietin 4 5138: 5136:Angiopoietin 1 5129: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5022: 5009: 4996: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4912:Classification 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4629: 4627: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4574: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4550: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4467: 4466: 4460: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4361:AATYK receptor 4357: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4312: 4310: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4293: 4291: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4269: 4267: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4221: 4219: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4075: 4073: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4049: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4020: 4017:VEGF receptors 4013: 4012: 4010: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3944: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3861: 3860: 3854: 3847: 3846: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3807: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3752: 3750: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3730: 3728: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3714: 3705: 3703: 3690: 3685: 3679:protein kinase 3674: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3573: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3518:Phosphorolytic 3514: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3417:RNA polymerase 3413: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3257:DNA polymerase 3250: 3241: 3235: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3086: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3044: 3042:Diacylglycerol 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2953:Phosphofructo- 2950: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2933: 2928: 2922: 2920: 2906: 2901: 2885: 2884: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2853: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2817: 2796: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2754: 2753:External links 2751: 2748: 2747: 2696: 2667:(5): 489–500. 2647: 2593: 2564:(4): 620–625. 2542: 2490: 2439: 2436:on 2019-02-19. 2382: 2361:(2): 309–315. 2338: 2284: 2218: 2211: 2193: 2170: 2151:(6): 594–611. 2135: 2124:(6): 273–280. 2104: 2053: 2026:(7): 497–509. 2005: 1976:(7): 418–422. 1956: 1898: 1859: 1791: 1737: 1716:(2): 352–359. 1667: 1660: 1609: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1537: 1131: 1128: 1053: 1050: 1021: 1018: 1002: 999: 990:Main article: 987: 984: 981: 980: 961: 959: 952: 923: 920: 890: 887: 851: 848: 808:Main article: 805: 802: 744: 741: 723:(ATP) and the 670: 667: 642: 639: 592: 589: 588: 587: 582: 575: 573: 568: 561: 559: 554: 547: 497: 496:Other examples 494: 476: 473: 467: 464: 386:nuclear matrix 339: 336: 311: 308: 237: 236: 233: 232: 227: 221: 220: 207: 201: 200: 190: 183: 182: 174: 173: 168: 162: 161: 156: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 132: 126: 125: 112: 106: 105: 100: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 64: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 45: 44: 39:, rendered in 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8076: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8030: 8016: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7690: 7689:Cyclotraxin B 7687: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7602:Larotrectinib 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7501:Larotrectinib 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7436:Cyclotraxin B 7434: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7346:Amitriptyline 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7222:Against TrkA: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7176:Larotrectinib 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106:Dexamethasone 7104: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7051:Amitriptyline 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7021: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6525:Dexamethasone 6523: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6233:des(1-3)IGF-1 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6197:Telisotuzumab 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6054:Potentiators: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5916:Selpercatinib 5914: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Selpercatinib 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5713:Selpercatinib 5711: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5389:Depatuxizumab 5387: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4929:Enzyme family 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4893:Cooperativity 4891: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4852:Oxyanion hole 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4805: 4803: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464:(EC 2.7.10.2) 4463: 4458: 4454: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432:uncategorised 4430: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4326:MuSK receptor 4323: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288:PTK7 receptor 4285: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858:(EC 2.7.10.1) 3857: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3816: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3680: 3675: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3057:Class II PI 3 3055: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3032:Deoxycytidine 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3001: 3000:ADP-thymidine 2998: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2181: 2174: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2057: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1657: 1653: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1168:; 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1000: 998: 993: 985: 977: 974:February 2016 965: 960: 951: 950: 947: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 921: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 888: 886: 882: 880: 876: 875:tumorigenesis 871: 867: 865: 861: 857: 849: 847: 845: 839: 837: 831: 829: 823: 821: 817: 811: 803: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 768: 767: 761: 759: 756: 750: 742: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 676: 668: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 638: 636: 631: 627: 622: 617: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 590: 585: 579: 574: 571: 565: 560: 557: 551: 546: 544: 542: 538: 533: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 510: 505: 503: 495: 493: 490: 486: 482: 474: 472: 465: 463: 461: 456: 452: 447: 445: 439: 437: 431: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 378: 374: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 353:cell membrane 350: 344: 337: 335: 333: 329: 325: 316: 309: 307: 305: 300: 298: 294: 289: 287: 286:cell division 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 231: 228: 226: 222: 219: 215: 211: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 191: 188: 184: 179: 175: 172: 169: 167: 163: 160: 157: 155: 151: 148: 145: 143: 139: 136: 133: 131: 127: 124: 120: 116: 113: 111: 107: 104: 101: 99: 95: 92: 89: 87: 83: 80: 77: 75: 71: 68: 65: 63: 59: 55: 51: 46: 42: 38: 35: 30: 25: 20: 8015:Cerebrolysin 8011: 7985:Pleiotrophin 7941:Interleukins 7854: 7835: 7805: 7724:Fruquintinib 7714:Cabozantinib 7695: 7685: 7643: 7607:Lestaurtinib 7558: 7538: 7506:Lestaurtinib 7457: 7447: 7428:Antagonists: 7427: 7361:Deoxygedunin 7316:3,7,8,2'-THF 7307: 7286: 7277:Against NGF: 7276: 7273: 7229:Against NGF: 7228: 7221: 7218: 7181:Lestaurtinib 7132: 7122: 7116:Testosterone 7098:Antagonists: 7097: 7047: 6947: 6932: 6907: 6888: 6878: 6857: 6847: 6826: 6816: 6795: 6780: 6740: 6655: 6623: 6602: 6593:Against NGF: 6592: 6589: 6545:Against NGF: 6544: 6541: 6535:Testosterone 6517:Antagonists: 6516: 6466: 6436: 6397: 6372: 6361: 6338:Teprotumumab 6299: 6269: 6228: 6177:Ficlatuzumab 6172:Emibetuzumab 6168: 6122:JNJ-38877605 6092:Cabozantinib 6063: 6053: 6042:Fosgonimeton 6037: 6012: 5954: 5932: 5873: 5856:Infigratinib 5852: 5837: 5740: 5657: 5591:Betacellulin 5587: 5570:Seribantumab 5556: 5533: 5492: 5457: 5451:Unknown/none 5450: 5446: 5380: 5305: 5264:Betacellulin 5259:Amphiregulin 5254: 5246:(ErbB1/HER1) 5210: 5182: 5162: 5148:Antagonists: 5147: 5132: 5125:Angiopoietin 5066:Translocases 5063: 5050: 5037: 5024: 5011: 5001:Transferases 4998: 4985: 4842:Binding site 4688:SRC-B family 4657:SRC-A family 4414:RET receptor 4385:AXL receptor 4307:RYK receptor 4264:DDR receptor 4240:ROR receptor 4216:TIE receptor 4192:LTK receptor 4103:EPH receptor 4070:Trk receptor 4046:HGF receptor 3983:FGF receptor 3837: 3755: 3733: 3710: 3708: 3700: 3329: 3294: 3052:Class I PI 3 3017:Pantothenate 2888:2.7.1-2.7.4: 2872:Transferases 2828: 2807: 2786: 2761:motif class 2713: 2709: 2699: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2633:11567/225870 2613: 2609: 2561: 2557: 2518: 2514: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2431:the original 2402: 2398: 2385: 2358: 2354: 2300: 2296: 2260: 2256: 2202: 2196: 2184:. Retrieved 2173: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2023: 2019: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1927:(1): 12–18. 1924: 1920: 1876: 1872: 1862: 1817: 1813: 1762:(1): 59–70. 1759: 1755: 1713: 1709: 1651: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1472:; 1336:; 1284:; 1136: 1133: 1110: 1095: 1081: 1076: 1055: 1023: 1004: 995: 971: 963: 938: 925: 892: 883: 872: 868: 853: 840: 832: 824: 813: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 773: 764: 762: 752: 678: 644: 618: 594: 534: 529: 525: 506: 499: 481:erythrocytes 478: 475:Erythrocytes 469: 459: 448: 443: 440: 432: 424:polyomavirus 410: 369: 345: 341: 321: 301: 290: 267: 242: 240: 7975:Oncomodulin 7839:Aflibercept 7829:Ranibizumab 7824:Ramucirumab 7814:Bevacizumab 7806:Antibodies: 7764:Regorafenib 7704:Altiratinib 7617:ONO-5390556 7587:Entrectinib 7562:Altiratinib 7516:ONO-5390556 7486:Entrectinib 7461:Altiratinib 7247:Frunevetmab 7219:Antibodies: 7196:ONO-5390556 7161:Entrectinib 7136:Altiratinib 7091:Tavilermide 6986:Quizartinib 6925:SCF (c-Kit) 6749:Ramucirumab 6741:Antibodies: 6714:Quizartinib 6664:Avapritinib 6627:Becaplermin 6563:Frunevetmab 6542:Antibodies: 6445:Trofinetide 6376:Dusigitumab 6373:Antibodies: 6328:Robatumumab 6318:Figitumumab 6313:Dalotuzumab 6308:Cixutumumab 6300:Antibodies: 6192:Rilotumumab 6187:Onartuzumab 6182:Flanvotumab 6169:Antibodies: 6137:PF-04217903 6067:Altiratinib 6030:HGF (c-Met) 5933:Antibodies: 5838:Antibodies: 5560:Duligotumab 5557:Antibodies: 5471:Trastuzumab 5461:Ertumaxomab 5458:Antibodies: 5429:Zalutumumab 5424:Panitumumab 5419:Nimotuzumab 5414:Necitumumab 5404:Imgatuzumab 5381:Antibodies: 5364:Osimertinib 5329:Dacomitinib 5224:Dapiclermin 5183:Antibodies: 5166:Altiratinib 4837:Active site 3603:Transposase 3593:Recombinase 3238:-nucleoside 3064:Sphingosine 2763:MOD_TYR_CSK 1545:Tyrphostins 1008:(GIST) are 836:lymphocytes 733:oncogenesis 609:alpha helix 412:Fibroblasts 377:mitogenesis 297:osimertinib 253:group from 142:OPM protein 56:Pkinase_Tyr 48:Identifiers 8053:Categories 7794:Vandetanib 7759:Rebastinib 7754:Pegaptanib 7744:Nintedanib 7734:Lenvatinib 7699:Agerafenib 7652:Ripretinib 7577:CH-7057288 7476:CH-7057288 7341:7,8,3'-THF 7336:7,8,2'-THF 7262:Ranevetmab 7252:Fulranumab 7206:Rebastinib 7151:CH-7057288 7066:Cenegermin 6951:Agerafenib 6911:Agerafenib 6892:Vandetanib 6861:Vandetanib 6830:Vandetanib 6799:Vandetanib 6744:Olaratumab 6719:Ripretinib 6699:Nintedanib 6684:Lenvatinib 6674:Crenolanib 6659:Agerafenib 6578:Ranevetmab 6568:Fulranumab 6485:Cenegermin 6459:LNGF (p75) 6381:Xentuzumab 6343:Xentuzumab 6288:NVP-AEW541 6283:NVP-ADW742 6278:Linsitinib 6273:BMS-754807 6258:Mecasermin 6157:Tivantinib 6147:PHA-665752 6142:PF-2341066 6112:Golvatinib 6102:Crizotinib 6097:Capmatinib 6087:BMS-777607 6082:Amuvatinib 5958:Ersofermin 5921:Sprifermin 5877:Ersofermin 5826:Sprifermin 5816:Repifermin 5811:Palifermin 5744:Ersofermin 5723:Velafermin 5708:Repifermin 5661:Ersofermin 5580:ErbB4/HER4 5565:Patritumab 5526:ErbB3/HER3 5506:Mubritinib 5466:Pertuzumab 5439:ErbB2/HER2 5369:Vandetanib 5324:Canertinib 5319:Brigatinib 5314:Agerafenib 5294:Nepidermin 5289:Murodermin 5279:Epiregulin 5234:EGF (ErbB) 5192:Nesvacumab 5186:Evinacumab 5176:Rebastinib 5117:modulators 5040:Isomerases 5014:Hydrolases 4881:Regulation 3405:Telomerase 3248:Polymerase 3022:Mevalonate 2985:Riboflavin 2876:phosphorus 2186:27 October 1561:References 1480:; 1075:(Burstein 986:Inhibitors 896:inhibitors 613:C-terminal 605:beta sheet 601:N-terminal 524:molecules 466:Regulation 451:tyrphostin 406:cell cycle 193:structures 166:Membranome 8059:EC 2.7.10 7819:Icrucumab 7799:WHI-P 154 7789:Tivozanib 7784:Toceranib 7779:Sunitinib 7774:Sorafenib 7769:Semaxanib 7749:Pazopanib 7739:Motesanib 7729:Lapatinib 7719:Cediranib 7657:Telbermin 7644:Agonists: 7592:GZ-389988 7572:CE-245677 7539:Agonists: 7491:GZ-389988 7471:CE-245677 7371:Diosmetin 7308:Agonists: 7274:Aptamers: 7267:Tanezumab 7242:Fasinumab 7186:Milciclib 7166:GZ-389988 7146:CE-245677 7048:Agonists: 7001:Toceranib 6996:Sunitinib 6991:Sorafenib 6981:Pazopanib 6976:Nilotinib 6971:Masitinib 6961:Dasatinib 6933:Agonists: 6879:Agonists: 6848:Agonists: 6817:Agonists: 6789:Liatermin 6781:Agonists: 6764:RET (GFL) 6754:Tovetumab 6734:Toceranib 6729:Sorafenib 6724:Sunitinib 6709:Radotinib 6704:Pazopanib 6694:Motesanib 6689:Masitinib 6624:Agonists: 6590:Aptamers: 6583:Tanezumab 6558:Fasinumab 6467:Agonists: 6323:Ganitumab 6243:IGF-1 LR3 6162:Volitinib 6117:INCB28060 6107:Foretinib 6013:Agonists: 5997:Trafermin 5955:Agonists: 5936:Burosumab 5926:Trafermin 5874:Agonists: 5841:Aprutumab 5831:Trafermin 5793:10 (KGF2) 5741:Agonists: 5718:Trafermin 5698:10 (KGF2) 5658:Agonists: 5588:Agonists: 5534:Agonists: 5516:Tucatinib 5511:Neratinib 5501:Lapatinib 5409:Matuzumab 5399:Futuximab 5384:Cetuximab 5374:WHI-P 154 5359:Neratinib 5354:Lapatinib 5344:Grandinin 5339:Gefitinib 5334:Erlotinib 5211:Agonists: 5171:CE-245677 5133:Agonists: 4919:EC number 3597:Integrase 3521:3' to 5' 3166:Guanylate 3161:Uridylate 3151:Adenylate 2995:Thymidine 2990:Shikimate 2661:Neoplasia 2566:CiteSeerX 2459:(1): 90. 1120:senolytic 1112:Dasatinib 1087:erlotinib 1083:Gefitinib 1067:(PDGFR), 1063:(VEGFR), 1057:Sunitinib 1042:ponatinib 1038:bosutinib 1034:dasatinib 1030:nilotinib 916:ponatinib 912:bosutinib 908:nilotinib 904:dasatinib 879:Erlotinib 856:Gefitinib 770:oncogenic 725:substrate 591:Structure 570:Phosphate 541:endosomes 455:genistein 390:chromatin 365:mutations 357:cytoplasm 251:phosphate 103:PDOC00629 79:IPR001245 8001:instead) 7990:Renalase 7951:instead) 7922:instead) 7869:instead) 7709:Axitinib 7678:D (FIGF) 7622:PLX-7486 7612:ONO-4474 7567:AZD-6918 7521:PLX-7486 7511:ONO-4474 7466:AZD-6918 7448:Ligands: 7366:Deprenyl 7326:7,3'-DHF 7257:MEDI-578 7237:ASP-6294 7201:PLX-7486 7191:ONO-4474 7141:AZD-6918 7101:ALE-0540 7022:instead. 6966:Imatinib 6956:Axitinib 6936:Ancestim 6901:Unsorted 6679:Imatinib 6669:Axitinib 6573:MEDI-578 6553:ASP-6294 6520:ALE-0540 6362:Agonists 6303:AVE-1642 6229:Agonists 6152:SU-11274 6038:Agonists 6016:FGF15/19 6006:Unsorted 5971:2 (bFGF) 5890:2 (bFGF) 5757:2 (bFGF) 5674:2 (bFGF) 5496:Afatinib 5447:Agonists 5349:Icotinib 5309:Afatinib 5255:Agonists 4943:Kinetics 4867:Cofactor 4830:Activity 3531:RNase PH 3139:acceptor 3120:Creatine 3113:acceptor 3085:acceptor 3027:Pyruvate 3012:Glycerol 2973:Platelet 2948:Galacto- 2919:acceptor 2742:31619990 2716:: 1011. 2691:18472966 2642:18048643 2588:18235121 2537:11287975 2485:35818053 2419:11287972 2377:19922468 2333:34389318 2325:15284455 2279:14570950 2165:18045055 2130:22900354 2099:30867294 2048:21902484 2000:18654566 1943:11208164 1893:19756300 1539:See also 1380:; 1352:; 1320:; 1312:; 1304:; 1130:Examples 1028:can use 1014:Imatinib 943:imatinib 900:imatinib 820:Imatinib 758:2.7.10.2 669:Receptor 641:Families 556:Tyrosine 530:diminish 485:cytokine 420:collagen 338:Function 310:Reaction 293:imatinib 263:proteins 259:tyrosine 210:RCSB PDB 74:InterPro 8043:Biology 7878:Ephrins 7582:DS-6051 7481:DS-6051 7386:LM22A-4 7376:DMAQ-B1 7331:7,8-DHF 7311:3,7-DHF 7280:RBM-004 7225:GBR-900 7156:DS-6051 7126:VM-902A 6596:RBM-004 6293:OSl-906 6253:Insulin 6132:MK-2461 6077:AMG-458 5214:Axokine 5053:Ligases 4823:Enzymes 3844:2.7.10) 3482:PrimPol 3467:Primase 2941:Hepatic 2936:Fructo- 2835:PDBe-KB 2825:UniProt 2814:PDBe-KB 2804:UniProt 2793:PDBe-KB 2783:UniProt 2733:6759511 2682:2373870 2476:9272596 2427:8399298 2305:Bibcode 2297:Science 2090:6452665 2040:9269296 1991:2556356 1951:7329602 1921:Traffic 1854:1594631 1822:Bibcode 1786:9298529 1777:1564904 1732:8612602 1604:3291115 1584:Bibcode 1576:Science 1532:; 1524:; 1512:; 1508:; 1504:; 1468:; 1464:; 1460:; 1448:; 1440:; 1436:; 1408:; 1404:; 1384:; 1360:; 1344:; 1340:; 1308:; 1292:; 1288:; 1180:; 1148:; 1144:; 1140:; 964:updated 739:cells. 526:enhance 381:mitosis 361:nucleus 355:to the 257:to the 159:cd00192 98:PROSITE 67:PF07714 8029:Portal 7848:Others 7542:BNN-20 7431:ANA-12 7356:BNN-20 7076:DHEA-S 7061:BNN-27 7056:BNN-20 6495:DHEA-S 6480:BNN-27 6475:BNN-20 6391:Others 5596:Epigen 5274:Epigen 5027:Lyases 4761:family 4722:family 4626:family 4597:family 4573:family 4549:family 4525:family 4501:family 4477:family 4416:family 4387:family 4375:AATYK2 4363:family 4328:family 4309:family 4290:family 4266:family 4242:family 4218:family 4194:family 4105:family 4072:family 4048:family 4036:VEGFR3 4031:VEGFR2 4026:VEGFR1 4019:family 3985:family 3972:PDGFRB 3967:PDGFRA 3913:family 3769:2.7.13 3747:2.7.12 3722:2.7.11 3697:2.7.10 3536:PNPase 3504:PNPase 3460:POLRMT 3455:ssRNAP 2968:Muscle 2931:Gluco- 2895:kinase 2830:O60674 2809:P00520 2788:P08631 2740: 2730: 2689: 2679: 2640: 2586: 2568: 2535: 2483: 2473: 2425: 2417: 2375: 2331: 2323: 2277: 2209: 2163: 2128: 2097: 2087: 2046: 2038: 1998: 1988: 1949: 1941: 1891: 1852: 1842: 1784: 1774: 1730: 1658: 1602: 1528:; 1514:TNNI3K 1500:; 1444:; 1426:PDGFRB 1422:PDGFRA 1420:; 1416:; 1412:; 1400:; 1388:; 1368:; 1332:; 1328:; 1316:; 1276:; 1272:; 1268:; 1252:; 1248:; 1244:; 1240:; 1236:; 1232:; 1228:; 1222:EPHA10 1220:; 1216:; 1212:; 1208:; 1204:; 1200:; 1196:; 1192:; 1079:2008) 1077:et al. 1071:, and 1052:Others 931:STI571 816:cancer 737:cancer 711:, and 685:EPHA10 661:, and 460:et al. 444:et al. 247:enzyme 245:is an 225:PDBsum 199: 189: 123:SUPFAM 53:Symbol 16:Enzyme 7997:(see 7947:(see 7918:(see 7865:(see 7597:K252a 7496:K252a 7171:K252a 7111:FX007 6871:GFRα4 6840:GFRα3 6809:GFRα2 6773:GFRα1 6401:IGFBP 6354:IGF-2 6333:R1507 6221:IGF-1 6127:K252a 5947:FGFR4 5866:FGFR3 5733:FGFR2 5650:FGFR1 4979:Types 4773:ZAP70 4439:STYK1 4404:TYRO3 4370:AATYK 4177:EPHB6 4172:EPHB5 4167:EPHB4 4162:EPHB3 4157:EPHB2 4152:EPHB1 4147:EPHA8 4142:EPHA7 4137:EPHA6 4132:EPHA5 4127:EPHA4 4122:EPHA3 4117:EPHA2 4112:EPHA1 4089:NTRK3 4084:NTRK2 4079:NTRK1 4007:FGFR4 4002:FGFR3 3997:FGFR2 3992:FGFR1 3963:PDGFR 3948:CSF1R 3930:INSRR 3920:IGF1R 3901:ERBB4 3896:ERBB3 3891:ERBB2 3617:2.7.8 3586:Other 3225:2.7.7 3185:2.7.6 3130:2.7.4 3107:2.7.3 3079:2.7.2 2963:Liver 2926:Hexo- 2913:2.7.1 2610:Blood 2434:(PDF) 2423:S2CID 2395:(PDF) 2329:S2CID 2044:S2CID 2020:APMIS 1947:S2CID 1845:49256 1555:BYKdb 1534:ZAP70 1526:TYRO3 1516:; 1498:TEX14 1482:STYK1 1442:PTK2B 1430:PKDCC 1424:; 1418:NTRK3 1414:NTRK2 1410:NTRK1 1398:MST1R 1386:MERTK 1370:LMTK3 1366:LMTK2 1330:IRAK4 1326:INSRR 1314:IGF1R 1278:FGFR4 1274:FGFR3 1270:FGFR2 1266:FGFR1 1254:ERBB4 1250:ERBB3 1246:ERBB2 1242:EPHB6 1238:EPHB4 1234:EPHB3 1230:EPHB2 1226:EPHB1 1218:EPHA8 1214:EPHA7 1210:EPHA6 1206:EPHA5 1202:EPHA4 1198:EPHA3 1194:EPHA2 1190:EPHA1 1170:CSF1R 1114:is a 939:c-kit 935:c-kit 766:v-src 713:STYK1 693:ERBB3 689:EPHB6 522:IRS-1 436:pp125 119:SCOPe 110:SCOP2 91:TyrKc 86:SMART 41:PyMOL 7999:here 7949:here 7920:here 7867:here 7662:VEGF 7636:VEGF 7552:NT-3 7547:DHEA 7531:TrkC 7451:DHEA 7421:TDP6 7401:NT-4 7396:NT-3 7381:HIOC 7351:BDNF 7300:TrkB 7071:DHEA 7040:TrkA 7020:here 7018:See 7011:TGFβ 6616:PDGF 6510:NT-4 6505:NT-3 6490:DHEA 6470:BDNF 5219:CNTF 5203:CNTF 5071:list 5064:EC7 5058:list 5051:EC6 5045:list 5038:EC5 5032:list 5025:EC4 5019:list 5012:EC3 5006:list 4999:EC2 4993:list 4986:EC1 4679:YES1 4648:TYK2 4643:JAK3 4638:JAK2 4633:JAK1 4614:SRMS 4561:PYK2 4537:MATK 4513:TNK1 4508:ACK1 4484:ABL1 4351:ROS1 4335:MUSK 4297:PTK7 4278:DDR2 4273:DDR1 4254:ROR2 4249:ROR1 4182:EPHX 3953:FLT3 3925:INSR 3886:EGFR 3756:see 3734:see 3709:see 3083:COOH 2882:2.7) 2823:for 2802:for 2781:for 2738:PMID 2687:PMID 2638:PMID 2584:PMID 2533:PMID 2481:PMID 2415:PMID 2373:PMID 2321:PMID 2275:PMID 2257:JAMA 2207:ISBN 2188:2022 2161:PMID 2126:PMID 2095:PMID 2036:PMID 1996:PMID 1939:PMID 1889:PMID 1850:PMID 1782:PMID 1728:PMID 1656:ISBN 1600:PMID 1530:YES1 1522:TYK2 1510:TNK2 1506:TNK1 1502:TIE1 1488:; 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