182:
absolute pressure is the sum of the ambient atmospheric pressure (approximately 1.01 bars at sea level) and the gauge pressure, giving a total of 3.21 bar (321 kPa; 46.6 psi). This 3 K (3.0 °C; 5.4 °F) increase results in a change of .0321 bar (3.21 kPa; 0.466 psi). However, a similar tire inflated at an ambient temperature of 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) only needs to be warmed up by 2.5 K (2.5 °C; 4.5 °F) to see the same 1% increase in pressure.
970:
1678:
1668:
31:
108:
study found that 40% of passenger cars have at least one tire under-inflated by 0.4 bars (6 psi) or more. Drivers are encouraged to make sure their tires are adequately inflated, as under inflated tires can greatly reduce fuel economy, increase emissions, cause increased wear on the edges of the
181:
As an example, a tire is inflated to 2.2 bar (220 kPa; 32 psi) at an ambient temperature of 300 K (27 °C; 80 °F). If the absolute temperature of the air in the tire increases by 1% to 303 K (30 °C; 86 °F), the absolute pressure also increases by 1%. The
109:
tread surface, and can lead to overheating and premature failure of the tire. Excessive pressure, on the other hand, will lead to impact-breaks, decreased braking performance, and cause increased wear on the center part of the tread surface.
178:
is constant for a given number of molecules of gas. If the volume of the tire remains constant, a 1% increase in absolute temperature results in a 1% increase in absolute pressure.
1610:
185:
Due to the temperature-dependent pressure changes, seasonal temperature fluctuations can result in appreciable changes in tire pressure.
1712:
1012:
1509:
1105:
988:
1499:
129:
121:
1620:
1140:
1702:
1461:
1418:
1557:
1428:
1423:
193:(Assuming standard sea-level atmospheric pressure of 14.696 pounds per square inch or 101.33 kilopascals)
113:
39:
1408:
101:
1040:
1388:
140:
139:
Ambient temperature affects the cold tire pressure. Cold tire absolute pressure (gauge pressure plus
969:
1514:
1150:
1098:
983:
64:
is driven and the tires (tyres) warmed up. Recommended cold inflation pressure is displayed on the
1667:
1552:
1383:
1707:
1378:
1255:
85:
65:
1671:
1630:
1602:
1544:
1484:
1476:
1443:
1433:
1343:
1330:
1275:
1265:
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1175:
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1061:
1413:
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1240:
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1572:
1398:
1318:
1210:
1091:
117:
1696:
1489:
1456:
1353:
1338:
1185:
1145:
1130:
151:
97:
1615:
1529:
1524:
1494:
1403:
1313:
1308:
1250:
1230:
1225:
1155:
81:
77:
30:
1643:
1567:
1519:
1504:
1451:
1220:
1200:
1190:
1135:
978:
1648:
1466:
1393:
1303:
1293:
1260:
133:
125:
93:
50:
35:
17:
1638:
1587:
1577:
1534:
1283:
1245:
1235:
1170:
1165:
92:. Most passenger cars are recommended to have a tire pressure of 2.1 to 2.4
89:
1288:
1180:
1020:
53:
1562:
1368:
73:
69:
189:
Variation of tire pressure with temperature in
Fahrenheit and Celsius
144:
1160:
968:
105:
29:
1041:"National Automotive Sampling System Tire Pressure Special Study"
1653:
1215:
1114:
57:
1087:
61:
143:) varies directly with the absolute temperature, measured in
1083:
195:
1013:"How Do I Find the Correct Tire Pressure for My Car?"
1629:
1601:
1543:
1475:
1442:
1329:
1274:
1121:
27:Inflation pressure of tires before a car is driven
128:, which is deprecated but accepted for use with
1099:
8:
1611:European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation
1106:
1092:
1084:
1006:
1004:
1000:
112:Tire pressure is commonly measured in
104:) when not warmed by driving. A 2001
7:
1654:Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG)
973:Tyre pressure measuring instrument
25:
34:A tyre pressure gauge displaying
1677:
1676:
1666:
1510:Tire-pressure monitoring system
989:Tire-pressure monitoring system
1:
1500:Central Tire Inflation System
1011:Bruzek, Joe (May 15, 2018).
1621:Tire Science and Technology
1141:Low rolling resistance tire
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198:
1729:
1713:Motor vehicle maintenance
1662:
170:is absolute temperature,
583:20 °C (68 °F)
201:20 °C (68 °F)
1462:Slip (vehicle dynamics)
1419:Lateral Force Variation
1369:Pacejka's Magic Formula
1349:Cold inflation pressure
136:, which is an SI unit.
47:Cold inflation pressure
1558:List of tire companies
1429:Traction (engineering)
1424:Radial Force Variation
974:
166:is absolute pressure,
43:
40:pounds per square inch
1409:Tire load sensitivity
972:
33:
1389:Self aligning torque
1062:"Tire Pressure Math"
141:atmospheric pressure
1515:Tire-pressure gauge
1151:Michelin PAX System
984:Tyre-pressure gauge
174:is the volume, and
1553:Tire manufacturing
1384:Rolling resistance
975:
150:From physics, the
76:) attached to the
44:
1690:
1689:
1379:Relaxation length
1256:Formula One tyres
962:
961:
96:(210 to 240
78:vehicle door edge
16:(Redirected from
1720:
1680:
1679:
1672:Outline of tires
1670:
1485:Tire maintenance
1434:Treadwear rating
1344:Circle of forces
1266:Continental tire
1206:Orange oil tires
1196:Mud-terrain tire
1176:All-terrain tire
1108:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1068:. 6 January 2014
1066:mathscinotes.com
1058:
1052:
1051:
1050:. July 26, 2001.
1045:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1008:
196:
134:kilopascal (kPa)
100:; 30 to 35
90:fuel filler flap
21:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1658:
1625:
1597:
1539:
1471:
1438:
1414:Tire uniformity
1374:Pneumatic trail
1364:Ground pressure
1359:Cornering force
1325:
1299:Siping (rubber)
1270:
1241:Motorcycle tyre
1117:
1112:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
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1009:
1002:
997:
967:
582:
200:
191:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Tire inflation
1695:
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1684:
1674:
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1659:
1657:
1656:
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1635:
1633:
1631:Identification
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1593:Ozone cracking
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1573:Tire recycling
1570:
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1406:
1401:
1399:Steering ratio
1396:
1391:
1386:
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1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1319:Schrader valve
1316:
1311:
1301:
1296:
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1280:
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1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1211:Whitewall tire
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
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1125:
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1103:
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986:
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190:
187:
66:owner's manual
38:(outside) and
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1725:
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1637:
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1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1603:Organizations
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
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1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Tire rotation
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Groove wander
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
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1407:
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1380:
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1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:Contact patch
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Camber thrust
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
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1267:
1264:
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1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Aircraft tire
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Run-flat tire
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Tubeless tire
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1001:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
971:
964:
923:
885:
847:
809:
771:
733:
695:
657:
619:
579:
541:
503:
465:
427:
389:
351:
313:
275:
237:
197:
194:
188:
186:
183:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:ideal gas law
148:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
18:Tyre pressure
1616:Tire Society
1530:Tire changer
1525:Bead breaker
1495:Bicycle pump
1404:Tire balance
1348:
1314:Presta valve
1309:Dunlop valve
1251:Racing slick
1246:Tractor tire
1231:Tubular tire
1226:Bicycle tire
1156:Airless tire
1070:. Retrieved
1065:
1056:
1047:
1035:
1024:. Retrieved
1016:
958:−40 °C
925:−40 °F
920:−30 °C
887:−22 °F
882:−20 °C
844:−10 °C
576:−40 °C
543:−40 °F
538:−30 °C
462:−10 °C
239:104 °F
192:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:states that
149:
138:
122:US customary
111:
46:
45:
1644:Plus sizing
1568:Waste tires
1520:Direct TPMS
1505:Tire mousse
1477:Maintenance
1452:Aquaplaning
1221:Tundra tire
1201:Paddle tire
1186:Knobby tire
1136:Radial tire
979:Direct TPMS
849:−4 °F
811:14 °F
773:32 °F
768:10 °C
735:50 °F
697:68 °F
692:30 °C
659:86 °F
654:40 °C
581:Pressure at
467:−4 °F
429:14 °F
391:32 °F
386:10 °C
353:50 °F
348:20 °C
315:68 °F
310:30 °C
277:86 °F
272:40 °C
199:Pressure at
68:and on the
1697:Categories
1649:Tire label
1545:Life cycle
1467:Tramlining
1394:Slip angle
1331:Attributes
1304:Valve stem
1276:Components
1261:Spare tire
1191:Large tire
1072:22 October
1026:2023-03-06
995:References
806:0 °C
424:0 °C
345:100.0 psi
307:103.9 psi
269:107.8 psi
1639:Tire code
1588:Flat tire
1578:Tire fire
1535:Tire iron
1444:Behaviors
1236:Lego tire
1171:Snow tire
1166:Rain tyre
573:76.5 psi
570:68.6 psi
567:60.6 psi
564:52.7 psi
561:44.7 psi
558:36.8 psi
555:28.8 psi
552:20.8 psi
549:12.9 psi
535:80.4 psi
532:72.1 psi
529:63.8 psi
526:55.5 psi
523:47.3 psi
520:39.0 psi
517:30.7 psi
514:22.4 psi
511:14.1 psi
497:84.3 psi
494:75.7 psi
491:67.1 psi
488:58.4 psi
485:49.8 psi
482:41.2 psi
479:32.5 psi
476:23.9 psi
473:15.3 psi
459:88.3 psi
456:79.3 psi
453:70.3 psi
450:61.3 psi
447:52.4 psi
444:43.4 psi
441:34.4 psi
438:25.4 psi
435:16.4 psi
421:92.2 psi
418:82.9 psi
415:73.5 psi
412:64.2 psi
409:54.9 psi
406:45.6 psi
403:36.3 psi
400:26.9 psi
397:17.6 psi
383:96.1 psi
380:86.4 psi
377:76.8 psi
374:67.1 psi
371:57.5 psi
368:47.8 psi
365:38.1 psi
362:28.5 psi
359:18.8 psi
342:90.0 psi
339:80.0 psi
336:70.0 psi
333:60.0 psi
330:50.0 psi
327:40.0 psi
324:30.0 psi
321:20.0 psi
318:10.0 psi
304:93.6 psi
301:83.2 psi
298:72.9 psi
295:62.5 psi
292:52.2 psi
289:41.9 psi
286:31.5 psi
283:21.2 psi
280:10.8 psi
266:97.1 psi
263:86.5 psi
260:75.8 psi
257:65.1 psi
254:54.4 psi
251:43.7 psi
248:33.1 psi
245:22.4 psi
242:11.7 psi
132:, or the
124:systems,
60:before a
51:inflation
1708:Pressure
1682:Category
1289:Beadlock
1181:Bar grip
1021:Cars.com
965:See also
955:527 kPa
952:473 kPa
949:418 kPa
946:363 kPa
943:308 kPa
940:253 kPa
937:199 kPa
934:144 kPa
917:554 kPa
914:497 kPa
911:440 kPa
908:383 kPa
905:326 kPa
902:269 kPa
899:211 kPa
896:154 kPa
879:581 kPa
876:522 kPa
873:462 kPa
870:403 kPa
867:343 kPa
864:284 kPa
861:224 kPa
858:165 kPa
855:105 kPa
841:608 kPa
838:546 kPa
835:485 kPa
832:423 kPa
829:361 kPa
826:299 kPa
823:237 kPa
820:175 kPa
817:113 kPa
803:635 kPa
800:571 kPa
797:507 kPa
794:443 kPa
791:378 kPa
788:314 kPa
785:250 kPa
782:186 kPa
779:122 kPa
765:662 kPa
762:596 kPa
759:529 kPa
756:463 kPa
753:396 kPa
750:329 kPa
747:263 kPa
744:196 kPa
741:130 kPa
727:689 kPa
724:620 kPa
721:551 kPa
718:483 kPa
715:414 kPa
712:345 kPa
709:276 kPa
706:207 kPa
703:138 kPa
689:716 kPa
686:645 kPa
683:574 kPa
680:502 kPa
677:431 kPa
674:360 kPa
671:289 kPa
668:217 kPa
665:146 kPa
651:743 kPa
648:670 kPa
645:596 kPa
642:522 kPa
639:449 kPa
636:375 kPa
633:301 kPa
630:228 kPa
627:154 kPa
613:689 kPa
610:620 kPa
607:551 kPa
604:483 kPa
601:414 kPa
598:345 kPa
595:276 kPa
592:207 kPa
589:138 kPa
546:4.9 psi
508:5.8 psi
470:6.6 psi
432:7.5 psi
394:8.3 psi
356:9.2 psi
231:100 psi
162:, where
118:imperial
88:door or
86:glovebox
54:pressure
42:(inside)
1583:Blowout
1563:Retread
931:89 kPa
928:34 kPa
893:97 kPa
890:40 kPa
852:46 kPa
814:52 kPa
776:57 kPa
738:63 kPa
700:69 kPa
662:75 kPa
624:81 kPa
616:
586:69 kPa
234:
228:90 psi
225:80 psi
222:70 psi
219:60 psi
216:50 psi
213:40 psi
210:30 psi
207:20 psi
204:10 psi
116:in the
74:sticker
70:placard
49:is the
621:104°F
505:−22°F
500:−20°C
145:kelvin
82:pillar
1294:Tread
1161:Tweel
1123:Types
1115:Tires
1048:NHTSA
1044:(PDF)
730:20°C
106:NHTSA
58:tires
1284:Bead
1074:2023
1017:NEWS
120:and
94:bars
72:(or
160:nRT
126:bar
114:psi
102:psi
98:kPa
62:car
56:of
36:bar
1699::
1064:.
1046:.
1019:.
1015:.
1003:^
176:nR
158:=
156:PV
147:.
130:SI
84:,
80:,
1107:e
1100:t
1093:v
1076:.
1029:.
172:V
168:T
164:P
20:)
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