1244:
1219:
1173:
1927:
1028:
At the beginning of a morpheme, there is no distinction between glottal stop and zero: Monosyllabic forms always have a glottal stop, with the exception of a few grammatical forms which never do, and when prefixed the glottal stop is retained. With polysyllabic forms the glottal stop is optional,
309:
until they first go to school at the age of five although more importance is now being placed upon it due to the influx of tourism into the region. As of 2012, the
Community Library Rijaʼtzuul Naʼooj in
2221:
1890:
326:
In the charts below each of the Tzʼutujil phonemes is represented by the character or set of characters that denote it in the standard orthography developed by the
1257:
1029:
and when prefixed it is not retained. Usually initial glottal stops are invisible to the morphology, but in some words they are treated as consonants.
1391:
140:
327:
1883:
994:
845:
855:
290:. The 2002 census found that 60,000 people speak Tzʼutujil as their mother tongue. The two Tzʼutujil dialects are Eastern and Western.
726:
1345:. The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America: www.ailla.utexas.org. Media: audio. Access: public. Resource: TZJ003R001.
1329:
1310:
2211:
781:
647:
2231:
2226:
1876:
331:
199:
1384:
305:, although many of the older people, or those who live remote areas do not speak Spanish. Many children also do not learn
771:
637:
409:
337:
Stress is always on the final syllable of native words, except for the adjectival vowel suffix in certain environments.
185:
1020:
716:
375:
135:
954:
865:
793:
627:
617:
1012:
982:
839:
706:
696:
392:
2013:
1608:
2216:
2185:
1377:
667:
443:
209:
1990:
1562:
2115:
2056:
1843:
1771:
1527:
1521:
746:
657:
1899:
1582:
1417:
1243:
1218:
1172:
943:
922:
914:
539:
482:
478:
426:
2036:
1724:
287:
2145:
1836:
1812:
1510:
1474:
814:
582:
572:
2051:
1755:
1829:
1495:
1018:
1010:
992:
980:
920:
912:
752:
330:(ALMG) and sanctioned by the Guatemalan government. Where different, the corresponding symbol in the
2190:
2086:
2061:
1776:
1433:
1408:
908:
736:
518:
510:
294:
271:
56:
2041:
2023:
1980:
1913:
1729:
1704:
1364:
896:
534:
529:
514:
314:
features story telling for children in Tzʼutujil; bilingual children's books are also available.
311:
283:
92:
1624:
2135:
2120:
2094:
2076:
2066:
2008:
1975:
1960:
1786:
1781:
1690:
1664:
1603:
1515:
1469:
1448:
1325:
1306:
559:
544:
502:
1339:
2155:
2130:
2125:
2046:
1952:
1932:
1750:
1649:
1548:
1543:
1423:
939:
315:
306:
298:
231:
2165:
2160:
2150:
2140:
1998:
1598:
1400:
806:
566:
549:
302:
84:
76:
275:
2099:
1859:
1804:
1453:
1187:
1036:, are devoiced word-finally and before consonants, even before voiced consonants as in
689:
506:
267:
177:
2205:
2031:
2003:
1965:
1719:
1669:
1577:
1046:, are partially devoiced word-finally: they start off voiced, and end up voiceless.
970:
1970:
1685:
1353:. Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala: Proyecto Lingüístico Francisco Marroquín/Cholsamaj.
677:
1231:
1206:
833:
190:
1922:
1236:
1211:
1165:
1160:
763:
606:
279:
170:
154:
37:
161:
1868:
217:
205:
931:
may be either ejective or implosive before vowels, ejective elsewhere.
601:
213:
1369:
346:
1872:
1373:
1258:"Library as a Starting Point to Revitalize Tzʼutujil Language"
255:
243:
927:) elsewhere (before consonants and at the ends of words).
1349:
Pérez
Mendoza, Francisco; Miguel Hernández Mendoza (1996).
501:
Like other Mayan languages, Tzʼutujil does not distinguish
249:
216:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
16:
Mayan language spoken by the Tzʼutujil people of
Guatemala
1074:– 'you're welcome' (also said after finishing every meal)
282:. Tzʼutujil is closely related to its larger neighbors,
1305:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
240:
258:
246:
237:
2178:
2108:
2085:
2022:
1989:
1951:
1942:
1906:
1821:
1803:
1764:
1743:
1712:
1703:
1678:
1657:
1648:
1641:
1617:
1591:
1570:
1561:
1536:
1503:
1494:
1487:
1462:
1441:
1432:
1407:
1322:
Rukeemiik ja Tzʼutujiil Chiiʼ: Gramática tzʼutujiil
1188:"Decreto Número 19-2003. Ley de Idiomas Nacionales"
1139:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1037:
252:
234:
184:
168:
152:
147:
134:
120:
115:
73:
63:
51:
43:
33:
21:
1025:before two consonants or a word-final consonant.
458:tend to be more open () before a glottal stop.
1884:
1385:
8:
961:, and also usually before a non-back vowel (
1948:
1891:
1877:
1869:
1709:
1654:
1645:
1567:
1500:
1491:
1438:
1392:
1378:
1370:
1343:Mayan Languages Collection of Larry Grimes
485:. A smaller number of words allow either
18:
1324:. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Cholsamaj.
523:
351:
2222:Indigenous languages of Central America
1186:Congreso de la República de Guatemala.
1153:
345:Tzʼutujil has five short and five long
210:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
141:Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala
1365:Introductory Tzʼutujil document (PDF)
328:Guatemalan Academy of Mayan Languages
7:
934:The pulmonic stops and affricates,
473:only, there are few which require
318:is used in written communication.
14:
864:
854:
844:
838:
813:
792:
780:
770:
751:
745:
735:
725:
715:
705:
695:
676:
666:
656:
646:
636:
626:
616:
581:
571:
1925:
1242:
1217:
1171:
230:
332:International Phonetic Alphabet
973:is not completely productive.
911:before vowels, and ejectives (
274:in the region to the south of
1:
1320:García Ixmatá, Pablo (1997).
965:) followed by a post-velar (
410:open central unrounded vowel
376:close front unrounded vowel
2248:
1032:Liquids and approximants,
513:but instead distinguishes
469:, and although many allow
1920:
1853:
999:before non-front vowels (
853:
832:
828:
812:
805:
769:
762:
675:
600:
596:
580:
565:
533:
526:
393:mid front unrounded vowel
196:
69:72,000 (2019 census)
26:
2186:Guatemalan Sign Language
1050:Sample words and phrases
461:Many words allow either
444:close back rounded vowel
2212:Agglutinative languages
1301:Dayley, Jon P. (1985).
1140:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1038:
1017:in most positions, but
2232:Languages of Guatemala
2227:Mesoamerican languages
1900:Languages of Guatemala
1340:"Tzʼutujil Phonetics".
521:stops and affricates.
427:mid back rounded vowel
198:This article contains
1592:Qʼanjobʼalan–Jakaltek
1351:Diccionario Tzʼutujil
987:before front vowels (
969:), though the latter
883:The glottalized stop
334:appears in brackets.
293:The majority of the
2191:Mayan Sign Language
1563:Qʼanjobalan–Chujean
936:p, t, tz, ch, k, q,
731:⟨chʼ⟩
721:⟨tzʼ⟩
122:Recognised minority
1090:– 'good afternoon'
942:before vowels and
757:⟨qʼ⟩
741:⟨kʼ⟩
711:⟨tʼ⟩
701:⟨bʼ⟩
652:⟨ch⟩
642:⟨tz⟩
477:, suggesting that
312:San Juan La Laguna
2199:
2198:
2174:
2173:
1907:Official language
1866:
1865:
1860:extinct languages
1844:Classical Kʼicheʼ
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1699:
1698:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1557:
1556:
1483:
1482:
1240:(16th ed., 2009)
1215:(16th ed., 2009)
1169:(24th ed., 2021)
881:
880:
870:⟨y⟩
860:⟨l⟩
850:⟨w⟩
819:⟨r⟩
798:⟨j⟩
786:⟨x⟩
776:⟨s⟩
682:⟨ʼ⟩
672:⟨q⟩
662:⟨k⟩
632:⟨t⟩
622:⟨p⟩
587:⟨n⟩
577:⟨m⟩
449:
448:
224:
223:
206:rendering support
202:phonetic symbols.
136:Regulated by
47:Western Highlands
2239:
1949:
1935:
1933:Guatemala portal
1930:
1929:
1928:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1710:
1705:Greater Quichean
1655:
1646:
1568:
1501:
1496:Cholan–Tzeltalan
1492:
1463:Yucatec–Lacandon
1439:
1424:Huastec (Wastek)
1394:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1354:
1335:
1316:
1303:Tzutujil Grammar
1289:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1232:Western Tzutujil
1229:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1207:Eastern Tzutujil
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1158:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1122:– 'how are you?'
1121:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1082:– 'good morning'
1081:
1073:
1065:
1059:
1041:
1024:
1016:
1009:is a post-velar
998:
986:
926:
918:
871:
868:
861:
858:
851:
848:
842:
820:
817:
799:
796:
787:
784:
777:
774:
758:
755:
749:
742:
739:
732:
729:
722:
719:
712:
709:
702:
699:
692:
683:
680:
673:
670:
663:
660:
653:
650:
643:
640:
633:
630:
623:
620:
613:
588:
585:
578:
575:
524:
484:
481:is merging into
480:
352:
295:Tzʼutujil people
272:Tzʼutujil people
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
180:
164:
157:
124:language in
93:Greater Quichean
79:
19:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2217:Mayan languages
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2170:
2104:
2081:
2018:
1985:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1897:
1867:
1862:
1849:
1817:
1791:
1760:
1739:
1713:Quichean proper
1695:
1674:
1629:
1613:
1587:
1553:
1532:
1479:
1458:
1428:
1403:
1401:Mayan languages
1398:
1361:
1348:
1338:Grimes, Larry.
1332:
1319:
1313:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1052:
1042:. The nasals,
887:and affricates
869:
859:
849:
818:
797:
785:
775:
756:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
688:
681:
671:
661:
651:
641:
631:
621:
611:
605:
586:
576:
555:
543:
499:
343:
324:
303:second language
233:
229:
204:Without proper
176:
160:
153:
130:
125:
123:
116:Official status
111:
89:Quichean–Mamean
80:
77:Language family
75:
66:
65:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2179:Sign languages
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1805:Mixed language
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:External links
1357:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1317:
1311:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1274:
1249:
1224:
1199:
1178:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1098:– 'good night'
1091:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1051:
1048:
879:
878:
876:
874:
872:
862:
852:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
811:
809:
803:
802:
800:
790:
788:
778:
768:
766:
760:
759:
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
685:
684:
674:
664:
654:
644:
634:
624:
614:
609:
598:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
579:
569:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
537:
532:
527:
505:and voiceless
498:
495:
447:
446:
441:
436:
430:
429:
424:
419:
413:
412:
407:
402:
396:
395:
390:
385:
379:
378:
373:
368:
362:
361:
359:
356:
342:
339:
323:
320:
270:spoken by the
268:Mayan language
222:
221:
208:, you may see
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
174:
166:
165:
158:
150:
149:
148:Language codes
145:
144:
138:
132:
131:
128:
126:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
103:
83:
81:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2244:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1923:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:Mamean proper
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:Mototzintleco
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1418:Chicomuceltec
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1331:99922-53-13-4
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1312:0-520-09962-1
1308:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1263:
1262:Rising Voices
1259:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:– 'let's go!'
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1066:– 'thank-you'
1064:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
974:
972:
971:dissimilation
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
924:
916:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
877:
875:
873:
867:
863:
857:
847:
841:
837:
835:
831:
826:
824:
822:
816:
810:
808:
804:
801:
795:
791:
789:
783:
779:
773:
767:
765:
761:
754:
748:
744:
738:
734:
728:
724:
718:
714:
708:
704:
698:
694:
691:
687:
686:
679:
669:
665:
659:
655:
649:
645:
639:
635:
629:
625:
619:
615:
610:
608:
603:
599:
594:
592:
590:
584:
574:
570:
568:
564:
561:
558:
553:
551:
548:
546:
541:
538:
536:
531:
528:
525:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
496:
494:
492:
488:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
350:
348:
340:
338:
335:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
263:
228:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
201:
195:
192:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
173:
172:
167:
163:
159:
156:
151:
146:
142:
139:
137:
133:
127:
119:
114:
102:
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
88:
87:
86:
82:
78:
72:
68:
62:
59:(2019 census)
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2146:Plautdietsch
2071:
1855:
1842:
1837:Classic Maya
1835:
1828:
1813:Cauque Mayan
1734:
1520:
1475:Yucatec Maya
1416:
1350:
1342:
1321:
1302:
1266:. Retrieved
1264:. 2012-10-31
1261:
1252:
1235:
1227:
1210:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1181:
1164:
1156:
1106:– 'good-bye'
1043:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1006:
1005:
1000:
988:
976:
975:
966:
962:
958:
950:
948:
935:
933:
928:
904:
900:
892:
888:
884:
882:
500:
490:
486:
474:
470:
466:
462:
460:
455:
451:
450:
438:
433:
421:
416:
404:
399:
387:
382:
370:
365:
344:
336:
325:
292:
276:Lake Atitlán
226:
225:
197:
169:
100:
27:
2067:Sipakapense
1991:Qʼanjobalan
1981:Chalchiteco
1830:Proto-Mayan
1782:Sipakapense
1087:xqaʼj qʼiij
1071:menuc xuben
955:palatalized
946:elsewhere.
907:are voiced
834:Approximant
690:glottalized
519:glottalized
212:instead of
2206:Categories
2062:Sakapultek
2014:Qʼanjobʼal
1943:Indigenous
1777:Sakapultek
1609:Qʼanjobʼal
1583:Tojolabʼal
1442:Mopan–Itza
1295:References
1288:Daley 1985
1268:2012-11-17
1237:Ethnologue
1212:Ethnologue
1193:2009-12-14
1166:Ethnologue
1119:utz aawach
1095:xok aaqʼaʼ
1034:r, l, w, y
909:implosives
511:affricates
497:Consonants
28:Tzʼutujiil
2087:Yucatecan
2072:Tzʼutujil
2052:Poqomchiʼ
2042:Kaqchikel
1945:languages
1858:indicate
1756:Poqomchiʼ
1735:Tzʼutujil
1730:Kaqchikel
1537:Tzeltalan
1434:Yucatecan
1409:Huastecan
944:aspirated
764:Fricative
607:Affricate
540:Post-alv.
322:Phonology
284:Kaqchikel
280:Guatemala
227:Tzʼutujil
191:Tz'utujil
171:Glottolog
155:ISO 639-3
129:Guatemala
57:Tzʼutujil
52:Ethnicity
38:Guatemala
2151:Lebanese
2136:Japanese
2121:Garifuna
2077:Uspantek
2057:Qʼeqchiʼ
2024:Quichean
2009:Jakaltek
1976:Tektitek
1961:Awaketek
1787:Uspantek
1691:Tektitek
1665:Awakatek
1604:Jakaltek
1528:Chʼortiʼ
1522:Chʼoltiʼ
1470:Lacandon
1161:Tzutujil
1063:mal diox
1057:maltyoox
967:q, qʼ, j
899:, while
897:ejective
535:Alveolar
530:Bilabial
515:pulmonic
218:Help:IPA
178:tzut1248
101:Tzutujil
97:Quichean
55:106,000
22:Tzutujil
2156:Italian
2131:Chinese
2116:Chʼorti
2047:Poqomam
2037:Kʼicheʼ
1914:Spanish
1856:Italics
1822:History
1772:Qʼeqchi
1751:Poqomam
1725:Kʼicheʼ
1658:Ixilean
1642:Eastern
1571:Chujean
1549:Tzotzil
1544:Tzeltal
1511:Chontal
1488:Western
1130:– 'yes'
1001:a, o, u
963:i, e, a
957:before
602:Plosive
560:Glottal
545:Palatal
316:Spanish
307:Spanish
299:Spanish
288:Kʼicheʼ
214:Unicode
2166:Romani
2161:French
2141:Korean
1999:Akatek
1953:Mamean
1765:others
1650:Mamean
1625:Mochoʼ
1599:Akatek
1328:
1309:
1144:– 'no'
1079:saqari
991:) and
949:Velar
940:tenuis
556:velar
503:voiced
355:Short
347:vowels
341:Vowels
297:speak
143:(ALMG)
44:Region
2126:Xinca
2109:Other
2100:Mopan
2095:Itzaʼ
1744:Poqom
1516:Chʼol
1504:Chʼol
1454:Mopan
1449:Itzaʼ
1149:Notes
1141:majon
1135:maniʼ
1103:naʼan
1039:elnaq
1023:]
1019:[
1015:]
1011:[
997:]
993:[
985:]
981:[
951:k, kʼ
925:]
921:[
917:]
913:[
807:Trill
612:plain
567:Nasal
554:Post-
550:Velar
507:stops
358:Long
301:as a
266:is a
85:Mayan
2032:Achi
2004:Chuj
1966:Ixil
1720:Achi
1670:Ixil
1578:Chuj
1326:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1127:jeeʼ
1044:m, n
989:i, e
953:are
938:are
895:are
517:and
509:and
465:and
454:and
286:and
1971:Mam
1686:Mam
1234:at
1209:at
1163:at
1138:or
1111:joʼ
1060:or
1003:).
979:is
893:tzʼ
889:chʼ
727:tʃʼ
717:tsʼ
489:or
483:/a/
479:/e/
278:in
200:IPA
186:ELP
162:tzj
2208::
1277:^
1260:.
929:Qʼ
923:tʼ
919:,
915:pʼ
905:tʼ
903:,
901:bʼ
891:,
885:kʼ
843:~
753:qʼ
750:~
737:kʼ
648:tʃ
638:ts
493:.
456:oo
452:Ee
439:uu
422:oo
405:aa
388:ee
371:ii
349:.
256:iː
244:uː
1892:e
1885:t
1878:v
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1334:.
1315:.
1271:.
1196:.
1021:h
1013:x
1007:J
995:w
983:β
977:W
959:i
866:j
856:l
846:w
840:β
815:r
794:χ
782:ʃ
772:s
747:ʛ
707:ɗ
697:ɓ
678:ʔ
668:q
658:k
628:t
618:p
604:/
583:n
573:m
542:/
491:o
487:a
475:e
471:a
467:e
463:a
434:u
417:o
400:a
383:e
366:i
262:/
259:l
253:h
250:ə
247:t
241:s
238:t
235:ˈ
232:/
220:.
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