242:
219:
116:
141:
1594:
Ten-m3 guides some of the axon projections from dorsal regions of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the thalamus to dorsal regions of the striatum. This creates a high dorsal to low ventral gradient topography mapping between the two structures. In Ten-m3 null mutant mice, these projections are diffuse and project ectopically to more ventral and medial regions in the striatum. Furthermore, the null mutant mice display delayed motor skill acquisition in the accelerating rotorod task.
1638:, to the dorsomedial dLGN and to the rostromedial SC. Immunostaining reveals a cluster of high Ten-m3 protein expression in the areas involved in this ipsilateral mapping. In Ten-m3 null mutant mice, these projections are reduced and ectopic projections are expanded ventrolaterally along the dLGN and caudomedially in the SC from both eyes. The aberrant misalignment of ipsilateral axons from both eyes result in binocular vision deficits. Ten-m3 null mutant mice performed worse than
248:
147:
1168:
1107:(PCR) and a primer derived from the EGF-like repeats region of chicken tenascin-C protein. Two novel molecules containing similar tenascin-like repeats were identified, which were named Ten-a for "tenascin-like molecule accessory" and Ten-m for "tenascin-like molecule major". Around the same time, Levine et al. also identified Ten-m in
1504:. It is expressed relatively weakly in the granular layer and in the stratum lacunosum moleculare, but is strongly expressed in the CA2 subfield and weakly in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. However, immunostaining of Ten-m3 shows weak protein expression throughout the hippocampus except for the stratum lacunosum moleculare.
1376:
Teneurin molecules are prominently expressed in distinctive, but often overlapping, populations of neurons, especially during embryonic development. They are also expressed in some non-neuronal tissues that regulate pattern formation and sites of cell migration. Some Ten-m3 expressions can occur in a
1283:, the single cysteines at the EGF-like repeats of a teneurin molecule can facilitate the homophilic and heterophilic dimerisation of teneurin family molecules. More distally is the globular domain consisting of a 700-800 amino acid residue region. There are 17 conserved cysteine residues, a region of
1593:
Ten-m3 plays an important role during early development in directing the topographic neural projection and formation of the thalamostriatal circuitry, thus critical for motor skill acquisition. Ten-m3 molecule is the first to be reported to regulate connectivity in the thalamostriatal pathway.
1139:, many other laboratories have independently described the Ten-a and Ten-m/Odz homolog proteins in different vertebrates. However, various names were assigned to these vertebrate homologs, which complicated the nomenclature of teneurin proteins. The proteins were called Ten-ms in
1654:
and the proliferation of neurons. It can increase the expression of its gene at high concentrations but attenuate the expression at low concentrations. TCAP-1 from Ten-m1, another member of the Ten-m family, modulates stress and anxiety behaviours. TCAP-1 increases the acoustic
1642:(WT) in behavioural tests of binocular visual function, such as vertical placement and visual cliff test. However, inactivation of inputs from one eye (i.e. inactivate binocular vision) restored visual behaviour to a level similar to WT mice under binocular condition.
1275:. The linker region is made up of ~200 amino acid residues and is found immediately distal to the transmembrane domain. This is followed by eight phylogenetically conserved tenascin C-type EGF-like repeats, which features the uniquely conserved replacement of a single
2878:
Wang L, Rotzinger S, Al Chawaf A, Elias CF, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Qian X, Wang NC, De
Cristofaro A, Belsham D, Bittencourt JC, Vaccarino F, Lovejoy DA (February 2005). "Teneurin proteins possess a carboxy terminal sequence with neuromodulatory activity".
2525:
Nunes SM, Ferralli J, Choi K, Brown-Leudi M, Minet AD, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (April 2005). "The intracellular domain of teneurin-1 interacts with MBD1 and CAP/ponsin resulting in subcellular codistribution and translocation to the nuclear matrix".
2489:
Qian X, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Wang L, Chewpoy B, Gautam N, Al Chawaf A, Lovejoy DA (June 2004). "Cloning and characterization of teneurin C-terminus associated peptide (TCAP)-3 from the hypothalamus of an adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)".
3050:
Clark, A. G.; Glanowski, S.; Nielsen, R.; Thomas, P. D.; Kejariwal, A.; Todd, M. A.; Tanenbaum, D. M.; Civello, D.; Lu, F.; Murphy, B.; Ferriera, S.; Wang, G.; Zheng, X.; White, T. J.; Sninsky, J. J.; Adams, M. D.; Cargill, M. (2003).
1347:
domain on the extracellular domain of teneurins acts as a homophilic recognition site to mediate this specific binding. This interaction facilitates neurite outgrowth and the adhesion strength needed to stop outgrowth. The
1218:
that has a molecular weight of ~300 kDa and is composed of ~2800 amino acids. Teneurins are highly conserved within and between species. The primary structure, or amino acid sequence identity, of the proteins between
1360:
in the ICD of Ten-m3 facilitates the translocation of the ICD into the nucleus. TCAPs from the extracellular domain of a teneurin molecule can form an intercellular adhesive complex when bound to the adhesion family
2093:
Mieda M, Kikuchi Y, Hirate Y, Aoki M, Okamoto H (September 1999). "Compartmentalized expression of zebrafish ten-m3 and ten-m4, homologues of the
Drosophila ten(m)/odd Oz gene, in the central nervous system".
2658:
Zhou XH, Brandau O, Feng K, Oohashi T, Ninomiya Y, Rauch U, Fässler R (August 2003). "The murine Ten-m/Odz genes show distinct but overlapping expression patterns during development and in adult brain".
1568:
in a high dorsal-caudal to low ventral-rostral gradient. Patches of this expression can still be observed in first week postnatal mice. Similarly, there is a graded expression of Ten-m3 in the
2781:
Tran H, Sawatari A, Leamey CA (January 2015). "The glycoprotein Ten-m3 mediates topography and patterning of thalamostriatal projections from the parafascicular nucleus in mice".
2394:"Deciphering teneurin domains that facilitate cellular recognition, cell-cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth using atomic force microscopy-based single-cell force spectroscopy"
2312:
Ben-Zur T, Wides R (May 1999). "Mapping
Homologs of Drosophila odd Oz(odz):Doc4/Odz4 to Mouse Chromosome 7, Odz1 to Mouse Chromosome 11; and ODZ3 to Human Chromosome Xq25".
3135:
Ben-Zur, T.; Wides, R. (1999). "Mapping
Homologs ofDrosophila odd Oz(odz):Doc4/Odz4to Mouse Chromosome 7,Odz1to Mouse Chromosome 11; and ODZ3 to Human Chromosome Xq25".
255:
154:
1307:, however, they are absent in Ten-m2 and Ten-m3. There are 41 amino acids in TCAPs, except for TCAP-3 from Ten-m3, which has 40. TCAPs show structural homology to the
2694:
Li H, Bishop KM, O'Leary DD (October 2006). "Potential target genes of EMX2 include Odz/Ten-M and other gene families with implications for cortical patterning".
1159:. The name teneurin was coined by Minet et al. in 1999 from the original name, Ten-a, and the major site of the protein expression being in the nervous system.
2451:
Minet AD, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (October 2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of teneurin genes and comparison to the rearrangement hot spot elements of E. coli".
2610:
Lovejoy DA, Pavlović T (November 2015). "Role of the teneurins, teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) in reproduction: clinical perspectives".
732:
713:
77:
1047:
and in some non-neural tissues. Like the Ten-m family, Ten-m3 plays a critical role in regulating connectivity of the nervous system, particularly in
2739:"Differential Gene Expression between Sensory Neocortical Areas: Potential Roles for Ten_m3 and Bcl6 in Patterning Visual and Somatosensory Pathways"
2999:"Genome-Wide Association Study of d-Amphetamine Response in Healthy Volunteers Identifies Putative Associations, Including Cadherin 13 (CDH13)"
1092:
by
Baumgartner and Chiquet-Ehrismann in early 1990s. They were looking for the invertebrate homologue of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein
2921:"The Mammalian Odz Gene Family: Homologs of a Drosophila Pair-Rule Gene with Expression Implying Distinct yet Overlapping Developmental Roles"
1895:"Teneurin-1, a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila pair-rule gene ten-m, is a neuronal protein with a novel type of heparin-binding domain"
1776:
1758:
3174:
1845:
Levine A, Bashan-Ahrend A, Budai-Hadrian O, Gartenberg D, Menasherow S, Wides R (May 1994). "odd Oz: A novel
Drosophila pair rule gene".
1799:
Baumgartner S, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (March 1993). "Tena, a
Drosophila gene related to tenascin, shows selective transcript localization".
1279:
in repeats 2 and 5 in place of the original tyrosine and phenylalanine residues respectively. Since cysteines are susceptible to forming
2131:"Teneurins: A Novel Family of Neuronal Cell Surface Proteins in Vertebrates, Homologous to the Drosophila Pair-Rule Gene Product Ten-m"
934:
241:
941:
218:
2997:
Hart, A. B.; Engelhardt, B. E.; Wardle, M. C.; Sokoloff, G.; Stephens, M.; De Wit, H.; Palmer, A. A. (2012). Arking, Dan E (ed.).
1745:
1724:
1308:
1651:
1343:
Teneurins are homophilic adhesion molecules that bind specifically to other teneurin-family molecules on adjacent cells. The
1741:
140:
115:
2827:
Leamey CA, Merlin S, Lattouf P, Sawatari A, Zhou X, Demel N, Glendining KA, Oohashi T, Sur M, Fässler R (September 2007).
1287:, a region of 26 YD residue repeats, and then a teneurin C-associated peptide (TCAP). The YD repeats are rich in N-linked
1720:
1687:
in two children of third-cousin parents. This developmental condition results in small-sized eyes and is associated with
1552:
in a low rostral to high caudal and a high dorsal-medial to low ventral-lateral gradient from E15.5 to P2. In E17 mouse,
2173:
Oohashi T, Zhou XH, Feng K, Richter B, Mörgelin M, Perez MT, Su WD, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Rauch U, Fässler R (May 1999).
1452:
are expressed in complementary patterns in the brain, suggesting a complementary function during development. At E12.5,
57:
2954:
Strichman-Almashanu, L. Z.; Lee, R. S.; Onyango, P. O.; Perlman, E.; Flam, F.; Frieman, M. B.; Feinberg, A. P. (2002).
1357:
254:
153:
1615:
1573:
1362:
247:
146:
1692:
1104:
2737:
Leamey CA, Glendining KA, Kreiman G, Kang ND, Wang KH, Fassler R, Sawatari A, Tonegawa S, Sur M (January 2008).
1967:"Teneurins: A conserved family of transmembrane proteins involved in intercellular signaling during development"
2829:"Ten_m3 regulates eye-specific patterning in the mammalian visual pathway and is required for binocular vision"
1328:
1311:
family molecule and appears to influence neurite outgrowth and some behaviours relating to stress and anxiety.
1204:
1112:
777:
65:
3052:
2354:
Leamey CA, Sawatari A (November 2014). "The teneurins: new players in the generation of visual topography".
758:
1631:
1606:
vertebrate studies, Ten-m3 acts as an eye-specific guidance molecule during early development. Functional
1557:
1240:
1235:
2956:"A Genome-Wide Screen for Normally Methylated Human CpG Islands That Can Identify Novel Imprinted Genes"
1390:
1386:
1212:
1116:
1025:
3064:
3010:
2405:
2175:"Mouse Ten-m/Odz Is a New Family of Dimeric Type II Transmembrane Proteins Expressed in Many Tissues"
1660:
1353:
1179:
molecules. The extracellular domain of the teneurin protein consists of a linker region, a region of
129:
44:
1894:
1680:
1623:
1577:
1572:, especially during embryonic and early postnatal development. Expression is highest in the dorsal
898:
868:
847:
3088:
2806:
2719:
2635:
1870:
1824:
1668:
1520:. Ten-m3 protein is expressed in the Purkinje's cell zone, molecular and granular layers and the
89:
872:
3152:
3123:
3080:
3038:
2985:
2942:
2896:
2860:
2798:
2760:
2711:
2676:
2627:
2592:
2543:
2507:
2468:
2433:
2371:
2329:
2294:
2253:
2204:
2152:
2111:
2072:
2028:
1988:
1914:
1862:
1816:
1421:
1349:
1299:
cleavage site found immediately on the N-terminal of TCAP. The furin cleavage site is rich in
1256:
1172:
37:
1659:
in a low-anxiety rat but decreases the response in a high anxiety rat when injected into the
1524:
of the cerebellum. All Ten-m mRNAs are expressed prominently between layers II and VI of the
3144:
3113:
3072:
3028:
3018:
2975:
2967:
2932:
2888:
2850:
2840:
2790:
2750:
2703:
2668:
2619:
2582:
2574:
2535:
2499:
2460:
2423:
2413:
2363:
2321:
2284:
2243:
2235:
2194:
2186:
2142:
2103:
2062:
2020:
1978:
1906:
1854:
1808:
1656:
1607:
1272:
1188:
1048:
334:
265:
209:
164:
2222:
Wang XZ, Kuroda M, Sok J, Batchvarova N, Kimmel R, Chung P, Zinszner H, Ron D (July 1998).
1043:
species. They are expressed in distinct, but often interconnected, areas of the developing
1035:
family currently consists of four members: Ten-m1-Ten-m4. Ten-ms are conserved across both
85:
1304:
1303:
residues and consists of 4 conserved cysteine residues. The 4 cysteine residues assist in
1280:
1268:
1180:
309:
3068:
3014:
2409:
1650:
The peptide cleaved from the C terminal of Ten-m3, TCAP-3, stimulates the production of
3033:
2998:
2855:
2828:
2587:
2562:
2248:
2223:
2199:
2174:
2011:
Young TR, Leamey CA (May 2009). "Teneurins: Important regulators of neural circuitry".
1684:
1569:
1072:
1044:
2980:
2955:
2892:
2672:
2464:
2107:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
535:
530:
525:
3168:
2563:"Phylogenetic Analysis of the Teneurins: Conserved Features and Premetazoan Ancestry"
1858:
1812:
1664:
1619:
1497:
1433:
1288:
1135:, where every odd-numbered body segment was deleted. Since discovery of teneurins in
1056:
512:
48:, MCOPCB9, ODZ3, TNM3, Ten-m3, ten-3, teneurin transmembrane protein 3, MCOPS15, TEN3
2810:
2723:
2639:
1874:
1828:
69:
3092:
1635:
1521:
1457:
1425:
1405:
1401:
1215:
1052:
1040:
1028:
327:
106:
3023:
2845:
2561:
Tucker RP, Beckmann J, Leachman NT, Schöler J, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (March 2012).
2367:
2024:
93:
2539:
2503:
1983:
1966:
1781:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1763:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1627:
1501:
1461:
1365:
1295:
element of bacteria. The TCAP is the resulting peptide from cleaving a putative
1248:
2273:"Neurestin: Putative Transmembrane Molecule Implicated in Neuronal Development"
2239:
1893:
Minet AD, Rubin BP, Tucker RP, Baumgartner S, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (June 1999).
1167:
410:
3053:"Inferring Nonneutral Evolution from Human-Chimp-Mouse Orthologous Gene Trios"
2707:
2428:
1517:
1473:
1344:
1332:
1284:
1252:
1244:
1229:
1192:
1093:
1088:
1036:
226:
123:
73:
3076:
2755:
2738:
2623:
2578:
1910:
1639:
1549:
1477:
1441:
1413:
1224:
1140:
677:
470:
348:
293:
280:
192:
179:
81:
3156:
3148:
3127:
3084:
3042:
2989:
2946:
2937:
2920:
2900:
2864:
2802:
2764:
2715:
2680:
2631:
2596:
2547:
2511:
2472:
2437:
2375:
2333:
2325:
2298:
2289:
2272:
2208:
2156:
2147:
2130:
2115:
2076:
2032:
1992:
1918:
1436:
to the midbrain and also at the pharyngeal arches, otic vesicles, anterior
1255:
of ~300-375 residues. The extracellular domain of the molecule can undergo
1247:
of ~2400 amino acid residues, a single transmembrane helical domain of ~30
638:
heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
3100:
Aldahmesh, M. A.; Mohammed, J. Y.; Al-Hazzaa, S.; Alkuraya, F. S. (2012).
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2257:
2190:
1932:
1866:
1820:
1239:
is only 33-41% identical. All teneurins, especially in mouse, are type II
981:
976:
1688:
1565:
1561:
1525:
1417:
1300:
1276:
1220:
1184:
1176:
1083:
1060:
1032:
965:
822:
803:
3118:
3101:
2067:
2050:
1335:
proteins, which can regulate intracellular teneurin signalling pathway.
1437:
1324:
1320:
1200:
1196:
1195:, 26 YD repeats and the TCAP. The intracellular domain consists of two
1144:
1132:
789:
744:
2971:
2794:
2418:
2393:
2049:
Aldahmesh MA, Mohammed JY, Al-Hazzaa S, Alkuraya FS (November 2012).
1611:
949:
699:
2392:
Beckmann J, Schubert R, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Müller DJ (June 2013).
2129:
Rubin BP, Tucker RP, Martin D, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (December 1999).
1267:
The extracellular C terminal domain is composed of a linker region,
1352:
of the extracellular domains of teneurin molecules can lead to the
1323:-rich regions in the half closest to the transmembrane domain, two
3102:"Homozygous null mutation in ODZ3 causes microphthalmia in humans"
2051:"Homozygous null mutation in ODZ3 causes microphthalmia in humans"
1580:
in the region that corresponds topographically to ventral retina.
1296:
1166:
1156:
1148:
2224:"Identification of novel stress-induced genes downstream of chop"
662:
658:
1480:. It is also expressed in the developing whisker pads in mouse.
1368:, which is involved in gamete migration and gonadal morphology.
1331:
sites. The proline-rich stretches are typical binding sites for
1100:
61:
1191:. The globular domain consists of a cysteine-rich region, five
623:
homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
1695:
analysis identified the homozygous null mutation to be in the
1610:
requires the correct projection of ipsilateral axons from the
1152:
1096:
to learn more about its structure and function. The embryonic
1171:
Schematic diagram of the hypothesised structure of a pair of
1468:
in the first, second and third pharyngeal arches. At E15.5,
1071:
gene in humans has been associated with the eye condition,
1319:
The N terminal intracellular domain (ICD) consists of two
2013:
International
Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
1420:
region and structures outside of the CNS, including the
1327:-like motifs near the centre, and a number of conserved
1187:
on the second and fifth repeats for dimerisation, and a
317:
1699:
gene, which is important for the early developing eye.
1031:
that is a member of the teneurin/Ten-m/Odz family. The
2919:
Ben-Zur, T.; Feige, E.; Motro, B.; Wides, R. (2000).
1933:"Entrez Gene: TENM3 teneurin transmembrane protein 3"
1630:
mapping of ipsilateral axons from the ventrotemporal
1127:) after the oddless pair-rule phenotype displayed in
482:
2612:
Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
628:
positive regulation of neuron projection development
912:
891:
861:
840:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1086:protein was first identified and characterised in
1016:, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the
1456:is higher in the midbrain compared to the caudal
1211:Like the Ten-m family, Ten-m3 is a large type II
264:
163:
1965:Tucker RP, Chiquet-Ehrismann R (February 2006).
2822:
2820:
2776:
2774:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2484:
2482:
2387:
2385:
2168:
2166:
2088:
2086:
2044:
2042:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1634:, which encode visual input from the binocular
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1742:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031561
1840:
1838:
1794:
1792:
1790:
8:
2356:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
1721:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000218336
1243:that are composed of a large extracellular
1147:, Ten-m1-4, Odz1-4, Ten-m/Odz1-4, DOC4 in
673:
508:
305:
204:
101:
3117:
3032:
3022:
2979:
2936:
2854:
2844:
2754:
2586:
2427:
2417:
2288:
2247:
2198:
2146:
2066:
1982:
1472:is expressed in the forebrain and facial
1291:and were previously only reported in the
1227:is ~90%, whilst between vertebrates and
1708:
1667:of the response when injected into the
1646:Teneurin C-Associated Peptide functions
1508:mRNA is prominently co-expressed with
648:regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
18:
2492:General and Comparative Endocrinology
2271:Otaki JM, Firestein S (August 1999).
1492:is co-expressed with the other three
1024:, gene. Ten-m3 is a ~300 kDa type II
577:integral component of plasma membrane
269:
230:
225:
168:
127:
122:
7:
2696:Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
1679:A case study reports a family with
1516:in the Purkinje's cell zone of the
1496:mRNAs at the granular layer of the
531:protein heterodimerization activity
457:migratory enteric neural crest cell
1500:and the stratum pyramidale of the
909:
888:
858:
837:
813:
794:
768:
749:
723:
704:
487:
405:
343:
322:
14:
2893:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.10.019
1051:and synaptic organisation in the
526:protein homodimerization activity
2783:European Journal of Neuroscience
1119:. However, they named this gene
1014:Teneurin transmembrane protein 3
253:
246:
240:
217:
152:
145:
139:
114:
2567:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1558:parafascicular thalamic nucleus
1476:, but absent from the mid- and
1464:. It is also co-expressed with
1548:, is expressed throughout the
1251:residues and an intracellular
1223:is ~60% identical and between
1010:Tenascin-like molecule major 3
552:integral component of membrane
536:cell adhesion molecule binding
471:More reference expression data
1:
2673:10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00087-5
2465:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00388-7
2108:10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00155-0
1626:(SC). Ten-m3 facilitates the
1488:In a 6-week-old adult mouse,
613:camera-type eye morphogenesis
238:
137:
3024:10.1371/journal.pone.0042646
2846:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050241
2368:10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.007
2025:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.014
1859:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90220-8
1813:10.1016/0925-4773(93)90074-8
1432:expression extends from the
3175:Genes on human chromosome 4
2540:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.12.020
2504:10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.02.007
2179:The Journal of Cell Biology
1984:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.11.038
1412:is expressed at the caudal
1358:nuclear localisation signal
1103:library was screened using
363:stromal cell of endometrium
3191:
2528:Experimental Cell Research
1616:lateral geniculate nucleus
1574:lateral geniculate nucleus
1363:G-protein coupled receptor
2708:10.1016/j.mcn.2006.06.012
2096:Mechanisms of Development
1801:Mechanisms of Development
1777:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1759:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1556:mRNA is expressed in the
1155:, and teneurin or Odz in
1105:polymerase chain reaction
980:
975:
971:
964:
948:
929:
916:
895:
884:
865:
844:
833:
820:
816:
801:
797:
788:
775:
771:
756:
752:
743:
730:
726:
711:
707:
698:
683:
676:
672:
656:
511:
507:
495:
490:
481:
468:
417:
408:
355:
346:
316:
308:
304:
287:
274:
237:
216:
207:
203:
186:
173:
136:
113:
104:
100:
55:
52:
42:
35:
30:
26:
21:
2881:Molecular Brain Research
2661:Gene Expression Patterns
2240:10.1093/emboj/17.13.3619
1444:. Between these stages,
1329:tyrosine phosphorylation
1205:tyrosine phosphorylation
1113:tyrosine phosphorylation
935:Chr 4: 182.14 – 182.8 Mb
391:internal globus pallidus
3077:10.1126/science.1088821
2624:10.1515/hmbci-2015-0032
1911:10.1242/jcs.112.12.2019
1899:Journal of Cell Science
1663:. It also inhibits the
1589:Motor skill acquisition
1400:mRNA expression at the
942:Chr 8: 48.23 – 48.84 Mb
3149:10.1006/geno.1999.5798
2938:10.1006/dbio.1999.9532
2326:10.1006/geno.1999.5798
2290:10.1006/dbio.1999.9310
2148:10.1006/dbio.1999.9503
1632:retinal ganglion cells
1404:, particularly in the
1377:high-to-low gradient.
1241:transmembrane proteins
1208:
2925:Developmental Biology
2756:10.1093/cercor/bhm031
2579:10.1093/molbev/msr271
2277:Developmental Biology
2191:10.1083/jcb.145.3.563
2135:Developmental Biology
1971:Developmental Biology
1560:, a subregion of the
1387:embryonic development
1170:
1117:monoclonal antibodies
3106:Genetics in Medicine
2055:Genetics in Medicine
1661:basolateral amygdala
1428:. At E9.5 and 10.5,
1385:At day 7.5 in mouse
1381:Embryonic expression
1354:proteolytic cleavage
1315:Intracellular domain
1263:Extracellular domain
1207:sites. Adapted from.
598:cell differentiation
232:Chromosome 8 (mouse)
130:Chromosome 4 (human)
3119:10.1038/gim.2012.71
3069:2003Sci...302.1960C
3063:(5652): 1960–1963.
3015:2012PLoSO...742646H
2410:2013NanoL..13.2937B
2068:10.1038/gim.2012.71
1681:autosomal recessive
1624:superior colliculus
1618:(dLGN) and primary
1578:superior colliculus
1532:Gradient expression
1356:of the ICD. A weak
1271:repeats and then a
618:signal transduction
375:islet of Langerhans
2429:20.500.11850/73745
1905:(Pt 12): 2019–32.
1669:lateral ventricles
1209:
778:ENSMUSG00000031561
643:neuron development
633:cell morphogenesis
591:Biological process
545:Cellular component
519:Molecular function
437:epithelium of lens
271:8|8 B1.1-B1.2
2972:10.1101/gr.224102
2795:10.1111/ejn.12767
2419:10.1021/nl4013248
1540:gene, along with
1422:pharyngeal arches
1253:N terminal domain
1245:C terminal domain
1203:-like motifs and
1111:by screening for
991:
990:
987:
986:
960:
959:
925:
924:
906:
905:
880:
879:
855:
854:
829:
828:
810:
809:
784:
783:
765:
764:
739:
738:
720:
719:
668:
667:
572:neuron projection
503:
502:
499:
498:
477:
476:
464:
463:
402:
401:
395:entorhinal cortex
300:
299:
199:
198:
94:TENM3 - orthologs
3182:
3160:
3131:
3121:
3096:
3046:
3036:
3026:
2993:
2983:
2950:
2940:
2905:
2904:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2824:
2815:
2814:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2655:
2644:
2643:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2228:The EMBO Journal
2219:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2008:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1962:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1890:
1879:
1878:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1739:
1728:
1718:
1657:startle response
1622:(V1) and to the
1608:binocular vision
1598:Binocular vision
1484:Adult expression
1049:axon pathfinding
996:, also known as
973:
972:
944:
937:
920:
910:
901:
889:
885:RefSeq (protein)
875:
859:
850:
838:
814:
795:
769:
750:
724:
705:
674:
603:self proteolysis
509:
488:
473:
449:efferent ductule
425:genital tubercle
413:
411:Top expressed in
406:
383:cartilage tissue
351:
349:Top expressed in
344:
323:
306:
296:
283:
272:
257:
250:
244:
233:
221:
205:
195:
182:
171:
156:
149:
143:
132:
118:
102:
96:
47:
40:
19:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3134:
3112:(11): 900–904.
3099:
3049:
2996:
2960:Genome Research
2953:
2918:
2914:
2912:Further reading
2909:
2908:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2743:Cerebral Cortex
2736:
2735:
2731:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2234:(13): 3619–30.
2221:
2220:
2216:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2010:
2009:
2000:
1964:
1963:
1946:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1740:
1731:
1719:
1710:
1705:
1677:
1675:Disease Linkage
1648:
1600:
1591:
1586:
1534:
1486:
1383:
1374:
1341:
1317:
1305:protein folding
1281:disulfide bonds
1273:globular domain
1265:
1189:globular domain
1183:repeats with a
1165:
1151:, neurestin in
1143:, teneurins in
1081:
982:View/Edit Mouse
977:View/Edit Human
940:
933:
930:Location (UCSC)
918:
897:
871:
867:
846:
759:ENSG00000218336
652:
586:
582:plasma membrane
562:cell projection
540:
469:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
409:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
367:Achilles tendon
365:
361:
347:
291:
278:
270:
260:
259:
258:
251:
231:
208:Gene location (
190:
177:
169:
159:
158:
157:
150:
128:
105:Gene location (
56:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3188:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3143:(1): 102–103.
3132:
3097:
3047:
2994:
2966:(4): 543–554.
2951:
2931:(1): 107–120.
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2870:
2816:
2770:
2729:
2686:
2667:(4): 397–405.
2645:
2602:
2573:(2): 1019–29.
2553:
2517:
2478:
2443:
2404:(6): 2937–46.
2381:
2339:
2304:
2263:
2214:
2162:
2141:(1): 195–209.
2121:
2082:
2038:
1998:
1944:
1924:
1880:
1834:
1786:
1768:
1750:
1729:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1685:microphthalmia
1676:
1673:
1647:
1644:
1614:to the dorsal
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1570:visual pathway
1533:
1530:
1485:
1482:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1340:
1337:
1316:
1313:
1264:
1261:
1164:
1161:
1115:on cDNA using
1080:
1077:
1073:microphthalmia
1045:nervous system
989:
988:
985:
984:
979:
969:
968:
962:
961:
958:
957:
955:
953:
946:
945:
938:
931:
927:
926:
923:
922:
914:
913:
907:
904:
903:
893:
892:
886:
882:
881:
878:
877:
863:
862:
856:
853:
852:
842:
841:
835:
831:
830:
827:
826:
818:
817:
811:
808:
807:
799:
798:
792:
786:
785:
782:
781:
773:
772:
766:
763:
762:
754:
753:
747:
741:
740:
737:
736:
728:
727:
721:
718:
717:
709:
708:
702:
696:
695:
690:
685:
681:
680:
670:
669:
666:
665:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
594:
592:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
546:
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
528:
522:
520:
516:
515:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
485:
479:
478:
475:
474:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
454:
453:abdominal wall
450:
446:
442:
441:tail of embryo
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
403:
400:
399:
397:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
352:
340:
339:
331:
320:
314:
313:
310:RNA expression
302:
301:
298:
297:
289:
285:
284:
276:
273:
268:
262:
261:
252:
245:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
201:
200:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
175:
172:
167:
161:
160:
151:
144:
138:
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
111:
110:
98:
97:
54:
50:
49:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3187:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:(8): e42646.
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2887:(2): 253–65.
2886:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2702:(2): 136–49.
2701:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:(1): 122–32.
2533:
2529:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2498:(2): 205–16.
2497:
2493:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2283:(1): 165–81.
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:(3): 563–77.
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2061:(11): 900–4.
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1977:(2): 237–45.
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:(4): 587–98.
1852:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1807:(3): 165–76.
1806:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:colobomatous
1682:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:sensitisation
1662:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:visual cortex
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:, and in the
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:dentate gyrus
1495:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:telencephalon
1431:
1427:
1426:otic vesicles
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:hybridisation
1393:
1388:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:glycosylation
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1213:transmembrane
1206:
1202:
1199:domains, two
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:visual system
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:transmembrane
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
983:
978:
974:
970:
967:
963:
956:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
928:
921:
915:
911:
908:
902:
900:
894:
890:
887:
883:
876:
874:
870:
864:
860:
857:
851:
849:
843:
839:
836:
834:RefSeq (mRNA)
832:
825:
824:
819:
815:
812:
806:
805:
800:
796:
793:
791:
787:
780:
779:
774:
770:
767:
761:
760:
755:
751:
748:
746:
742:
735:
734:
729:
725:
722:
716:
715:
710:
706:
703:
701:
697:
694:
691:
689:
686:
682:
679:
675:
671:
664:
660:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:cell adhesion
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
593:
590:
589:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
547:
544:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:Gene ontology
510:
506:
494:
489:
486:
484:
480:
472:
467:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
416:
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3002:
2963:
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2928:
2924:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2836:
2833:PLOS Biology
2832:
2789:(1): 55–68.
2786:
2782:
2749:(1): 53–66.
2746:
2742:
2732:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2664:
2660:
2618:(2): 83–90.
2615:
2611:
2605:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2495:
2491:
2459:(1): 87–97.
2456:
2452:
2446:
2401:
2398:Nano Letters
2397:
2359:
2355:
2320:(1): 102–3.
2317:
2313:
2307:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2182:
2178:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2102:(1): 223–7.
2099:
2095:
2058:
2054:
2019:(5): 990–3.
2016:
2012:
1974:
1970:
1936:. Retrieved
1927:
1902:
1898:
1850:
1846:
1804:
1800:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1696:
1678:
1649:
1636:visual field
1603:
1601:
1592:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1522:white matter
1513:
1509:
1505:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1469:
1465:
1458:diencephalon
1453:
1449:
1445:
1429:
1409:
1406:neural folds
1402:neural plate
1397:
1391:
1384:
1375:
1350:dimerisation
1342:
1339:Interactions
1318:
1292:
1266:
1257:dimerisation
1234:
1228:
1216:glycoprotein
1210:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1108:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1068:
1064:
1041:invertebrate
1029:glycoprotein
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
917:
899:NP_001073946
896:
869:NM_001145937
866:
848:NM_001080477
845:
821:
802:
776:
757:
731:
712:
692:
687:
433:vas deferens
421:pineal gland
333:
326:
191:182,803,024
178:182,143,987
170:4q34.3-q35.1
53:External IDs
2839:(9): e241.
1628:retinotopic
1576:(dLGN) and
1502:hippocampus
1462:spinal cord
1408:. At E8.5,
1366:latrophilin
1285:NHL repeats
1249:hydrophobic
1197:polyproline
1193:NHL repeats
445:human fetus
359:sural nerve
292:48,843,951
279:48,227,682
31:Identifiers
1938:2017-10-22
1748:, May 2017
1727:, May 2017
1703:References
1518:cerebellum
1474:mesenchyme
1372:Expression
1236:C. elegans
1230:Drosophila
1137:Drosophila
1109:Drosophila
1098:Drosophila
1094:tenascin-C
1089:Drosophila
1037:vertebrate
1006:Ten-m/Odz3
994:Teneurin-3
337:(ortholog)
74:HomoloGene
2362:: 173–9.
1640:wild type
1550:neocortex
1478:hindbrain
1442:limb buds
1414:forebrain
1225:orthologs
1173:dimerised
1163:Structure
1141:zebrafish
873:NM_011857
678:Orthologs
82:GeneCards
3169:Category
3157:10331952
3137:Genomics
3128:22766609
3085:14671302
3043:22952603
3003:PLOS ONE
2990:11932239
2947:10625539
2901:15710242
2865:17803360
2811:28180602
2803:25406022
2765:17478416
2724:24032841
2716:16919471
2681:12915301
2640:35441943
2632:26485751
2597:22045996
2548:15777793
2512:15158132
2473:11054571
2438:23688238
2376:25152333
2334:10331952
2314:Genomics
2299:10419693
2209:10225957
2157:10588872
2116:10495292
2077:22766609
2033:18723111
1993:16406038
1919:10341219
1875:32035939
1829:38892756
1744:–
1723:–
1689:coloboma
1584:Function
1566:striatum
1562:thalamus
1526:cerebrum
1460:and the
1440:and the
1424:and the
1418:midbrain
1389:(E7.5),
1301:tyrosine
1277:cysteine
1269:EGF-like
1221:paralogs
1185:cysteine
1181:EGF-like
1177:teneurin
1084:Teneurin
1061:Mutation
1033:teneurin
966:Wikidata
657:Sources:
567:membrane
429:calvaria
379:placenta
371:testicle
3093:6682593
3065:Bibcode
3057:Science
3034:3429486
3011:Bibcode
2856:1964777
2588:3278476
2406:Bibcode
2258:9649432
2249:1170698
2200:2185078
1867:7514504
1821:7684246
1746:Ensembl
1725:Ensembl
1604:in vivo
1438:somites
1392:in situ
1325:EF-hand
1321:proline
1201:EF-hand
1145:chicken
1133:embryos
1131:mutant
1079:History
1063:in the
790:UniProt
745:Ensembl
684:Species
663:QuickGO
312:pattern
70:1345183
38:Aliases
3155:
3126:
3091:
3083:
3041:
3031:
2988:
2981:187522
2978:
2945:
2899:
2863:
2853:
2809:
2801:
2763:
2722:
2714:
2679:
2638:
2630:
2595:
2585:
2546:
2510:
2471:
2436:
2374:
2332:
2297:
2256:
2246:
2207:
2197:
2155:
2114:
2075:
2031:
1991:
1917:
1873:
1865:
1827:
1819:
1612:retina
1554:Ten-m3
1546:Ten-m4
1542:Ten-m2
1538:Ten-m3
1514:Ten-m4
1510:Ten-m2
1506:Ten-m3
1490:Ten-m3
1470:Ten-m3
1466:Ten-m4
1454:Ten-m3
1450:Ten-m4
1446:Ten-m3
1430:Ten-m3
1416:, the
1410:Ten-m3
1398:Ten-m3
1396:shows
1175:mouse
1121:odd Oz
998:Ten-m3
952:search
950:PubMed
823:Q9WTS6
804:Q9P273
700:Entrez
483:BioGPS
62:610083
3089:S2CID
2807:S2CID
2720:S2CID
2636:S2CID
1871:S2CID
1825:S2CID
1494:Ten-m
1297:furin
1157:human
1149:mouse
1065:TENM3
1053:motor
1020:, or
1018:TENM3
733:23965
714:55714
693:Mouse
688:Human
659:Amigo
387:gonad
335:Mouse
328:Human
275:Start
210:Mouse
174:Start
107:Human
86:TENM3
78:22673
45:TENM3
22:TENM3
3153:PMID
3124:PMID
3081:PMID
3039:PMID
2986:PMID
2943:PMID
2897:PMID
2861:PMID
2799:PMID
2761:PMID
2712:PMID
2677:PMID
2628:PMID
2593:PMID
2544:PMID
2508:PMID
2469:PMID
2453:Gene
2434:PMID
2372:PMID
2330:PMID
2295:PMID
2254:PMID
2205:PMID
2153:PMID
2112:PMID
2073:PMID
2029:PMID
1989:PMID
1915:PMID
1863:PMID
1847:Cell
1817:PMID
1697:ODZ3
1652:cAMP
1544:and
1536:The
1512:and
1448:and
1101:cDNA
1069:ODZ3
1055:and
1039:and
1022:ODZ3
1002:Odz3
557:axon
318:Bgee
266:Band
227:Chr.
165:Band
124:Chr.
58:OMIM
3145:doi
3114:doi
3073:doi
3061:302
3029:PMC
3019:doi
2976:PMC
2968:doi
2933:doi
2929:217
2889:doi
2885:133
2851:PMC
2841:doi
2791:doi
2751:doi
2704:doi
2669:doi
2620:doi
2583:PMC
2575:doi
2536:doi
2532:305
2500:doi
2496:137
2461:doi
2457:257
2424:hdl
2414:doi
2364:doi
2322:doi
2285:doi
2281:212
2244:PMC
2236:doi
2195:PMC
2187:doi
2183:145
2143:doi
2139:216
2104:doi
2063:doi
2021:doi
1979:doi
1975:290
1907:doi
1903:112
1855:doi
1809:doi
1693:PCR
1602:In
1345:NHL
1333:SH3
1309:CRF
1293:rhs
1233:or
1153:rat
1129:Odz
1125:Odz
1012:or
919:n/a
491:n/a
288:End
187:End
90:OMA
66:MGI
3171::
3151:.
3141:58
3139:.
3122:.
3110:14
3108:.
3104:.
3087:.
3079:.
3071:.
3059:.
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