1137:-formatted) contents from tokenized TI-BASIC programs, which expanded to include an online program editor, exporter, and TI-83 Plus emulator. The SourceCoder project absorbed OptiBASIC at the end of 2005. The only other major TI-BASIC editor currently in use is TokenIDE (or "Tokens"), created by Shaun "Merthsoft" McFall. An offline editor, Tokens can import, edit, and export TI-BASIC programs, includes tools to track program size and correctness, and offers ancillary features such as a sprite/image editor. Built around token definitions stored in
198:
32:
590:. These are essentially strings which store equations. They are evaluated to return a value when used in an expression or program. Specific values, (constant, C) can be plugged in for the independent variable (X) by following the equation name (dependent, Y) by the constant value in parentheses. In the example below, "(4)" is used (for no particular reason). (
429:
individually referenced. Integers can be concatenated into a single real variable by delineating them as the integer and decimal halves of a real number; each half is then accessed independently via the iPart and fPart commands. Variables with binary values can be stored as a single integer through conversion between base 2 and base 10.
280:. Many statements demand arguments in parentheses, similar to the syntax used for mathematical functions. The syntax for assignment (copying of data into a variable) is unusual with respect to most conventional programming languages for computers; rather than using a BASIC-like let statement with an equal sign, or an
1121:
third-party tools were created to manipulate these files. TI created a BASIC editor that they included in certain releases of the TI-GraphLink linking program, but it has not gained widespread usage. In particular, it used a custom character set that did not display properly when copied and pasted to fora.
186:), making it better suited to writing programs to quickly solve math problems or perform repetitive tasks, rather than programming games or graphics-intensive applications. Some math instruction books even provide programs in TI-BASIC (usually for the widespread variant used by the TI-82/83/84 series).
1173:
and other languages. A related project for developing a Tk kind of tool for use by VBScript is the source of this tool. A third tool which integrates the PC-side TI Basic with spreadsheet and database programmes via VBA and WSH engines is also envisioned. This project also involves a calculator-side
1115:
The growth of the hobbyist graphing calculator community in the 1990s brought with it sharing and collaboration, including the need to share TI-BASIC code on mailing lists and discussion forums. At first, this was done by typing out the TI-BASIC code from a calculator screen into a computer by hand,
950:
functions, which are handled and interpreted by their respective applications. Among the extra functions are fast shape-drawing routines, sprite and tilemap tools, program and VAT modification and access abilities, GUI construction features, and much more, most of which are ordinarily restricted to
856:
as a comment symbol. If a comment appears as the first line after the "Prgm" statement, it is displayed in the status bar when the program is selected in the catalog; such comments are often used to document the names or types of parameters. The 68k interpreter has a built in feature to store the
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PROGRAM:LISTS :"ASK FOR THE NUMBER OF VARIABLES :Input "NUMBER OF VARS? ",A :"VALIDATE INPUT OR STOP :If A<1 or fPart(A) :Stop :"A FOR LOOP TO ASK FOR EACH VALUE TO BE IN THE LIST :For(N,1,A) :Input "VAR ",B :"STORE THE VALUE INTO THE NTH ELEMENT :B→L1(N) :End :"IMPLICITLY RETURN THE FINAL LIST
1156:
An independent project exists for developing a PC-side interpreter for the TI89-92-Voyage 200 variant of TI Basic that would allow programmes for the calculator to be run directly as well as combined programmes of other languages which call this interpreter. The interpreter uses standard input,
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lists() :Prgm : Local n,i,c © Declare local variables n, i, and c. : {}→list © Initialize list as an empty list. : Input "Number of variables?",n : For i,1,n : Input "Variable #"&string(i),c © & concatenates i after it is converted to a string. : c→list : EndFor :EndPrgm
264:
entry and storage for keywords. All statements begin with a colon, which also functions as a statement separator within lines. On the TI-83/84 models, closing parentheses, brackets, braces, and quotes can optionally be omitted at the end of a line or before the STO token in order to save space,
1120:
format, they cannot be edited using standard computer text editors, so as the calculator programming community matured, a need for an automated converter arose. The format for computer-stored TI-BASIC programs generated by Texas
Instruments' TI-GraphLink application was eventually decoded, and
189:
Although it is somewhat minimalist compared to programming languages used on computers, TI-BASIC is nonetheless an important factor in the programming community. Because TI graphing calculators are required for advanced mathematics classes in many high schools and universities, TI-BASIC often
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99 with 14 digits of accuracy, although only 10 digits are usually displayed to users. The limit of 27 variables, however, may be expanded through the use of lists, matrices, and manipulation of integer notation. A list or matrix can be used to contain unique real variables which can be
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On the TI-83/84, the programmer can create lists whose names are up to five characters. All other data types are limited, such as the 27 real or complex variables, and a number of predefined variable names of other types (e.g., matrices have to be one of the ten variables
547:. Their elements are subject to the same restrictions as lists. Their dimensions may be defined up to 99x99 elements, although, again, available memory will limit this. It is not possible to create user-defined matrices, so only the ten built in ones may be utilized.
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are preprogrammed). The TI-85 and TI-86 do not have the ability to handle a variable name with subscripts. The TI-81 is completely unable to handle lists. Lists can be used by the numerous built-in TI-BASIC functions for calculating statistics, including various
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The 68k series makes a distinction between programs and functions. Functions are just like programs except that they do not allow statements that perform I/O, including modifying non-local variables, and they return a value, which in the absence of an explicit
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The Z80 version of TI-BASIC makes explicit "functions" like those in 68k impossible. However, all variables are global so functions can be emulated by setting variables, similar to arguments, before calling another program. Return values do not exist; the
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Unix-style shell and Rexx and Perl interpreters, a
Fortran 77 interpreter, as well as converters to go back and forth amongst the various Casio, HP, Sharp, and Texas Instruments calculator programming languages and to and from those and various
299:. This is similar to several Japanese calculators, such as from Casio, Canon and Sharp, that have often employed a similar syntax, ever since the first mass market Japanese alphanumerical calculators appeared in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
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output, error and specifiable log and configuration files in console mode under
Windows, and a second programme to replicate the graphics used on the calculator would be related to it in the same way as the Tk tools which are integrated with
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Programmes on the NSprire series as well as TI 92 plus and Voyage 200 calculators can be transferred and saved in flat clear text (Ansi/Ascii/ISO 8859-*) format and there are several IDEs for TI calculator programming. A series of
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Third-party applications, in chronological order
Omnicalc, xLIB, Celtic, and Doors CS, have overloaded TI-BASIC functions on the Z80 calculators to provide additional language functionality. The third-party libraries overload the
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created OptiBASIC, a translator tool to convert text from the TI-GraphLink editor into standard
Unicode. The project soon expanded to include a regex-based TI-BASIC optimizer. Independently, Christopher "Kerm Martian" Mitchell of
360:-like function, though it is possible to call programs from within each other and share variables between programs. TI-89/92-based designs can have access to shared functions, essentially programs capable of returning a value.
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language. Available data types differ considerably between the 68k and Z80 versions. It is not possible to create user-defined data types without using a library written in assembly. Lists are often used as a replacement for
490:. When a list's dimension is set lower than it had been, elements at the end are cut off. When set higher, extra elements at the end are filled with zeros. Dimensions are set by storing a valid number into the
336:
Unusual for a high level language, TI-BASIC implementations include IS> (Increment and Skip if
Greater Than) and DS< (Decrement and Skip if Less Than) statements, constructs generally associated with
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is reevaluated so frequently it most often is used to store very temporary calculations or to hold values that would otherwise be slow to access such as items from a list. All variables are global.
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factui() :Prgm : Local n : Define fact(x)=Func : If x=0 : Return 1 : Return x*fact(x-1) : EndFunc : Input "Input a number", n : Disp "n! = " : Disp fact(n) :EndPrgm
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Lists have many possible names, this allows for many programs to manipulate many lists without overriding previous data. Lists on the TI-82 cannot have custom names (L
699:
2621:
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syntax definitions, code snippets, and charts are available for the TI calculators, and the syntax definitions have also been converted to the format used by the
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acts as a special variable containing the result of the last evaluated code. A line with just a variable will still be evaluated and its contents stored in
1052:. These can be called inside of programs, however they still show the info while pausing execution and they cannot store specific results into variables.
903:, and that they are not allowed to use instructions that perform I/O, modify non-local variables, nor call programs. However, functions can still be non-
443:. These may store any number of characters or even function names, as long as there is available memory. They can be evaluated as an expression with the
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356:
Availability of functions and subroutines depends on the implementation; the versions available on the TI-82-descended calculators do not even support a
1801:
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990:(P.S. this code can be shortened down to just the Disp function, like in the TI-83/84, and the hellowld, prgm, and endprgm are auto-generated.)
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Z80 programmers often start lines with " (double quotation mark) to denote a comment. Lines starting with " are actually executed changing the
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2508:
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The 68k version of TI-BASIC allows creating user-defined functions. Functions have the same syntax as programs except that they use the
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which support element-wise operations. On the 68k calculators, elements can be integers, reals, complex numbers, strings or expressions.
333:
If condition Then ... Else ... End For(variable,start,stop,step) ... End While condition ... End Repeat condition ... End
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The syntax of all versions of TI-BASIC are somewhat different from typical BASIC implementations. The language itself has some basic
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182:, not allowing on-calculator programming. TI-BASIC is considerably slower than the assembly language (because it has to be
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and the finance variables have fixed addresses in RAM, making them much faster to access than the 27 letter variables.
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Data types that cannot be directly manipulated (typing only their name on a line would result in an error) include:
19:
This article is about the calculator programming language. For the TI 99/4A home computer programming language, see
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Integers, which can store a large amount of data. The 68k calculators can store very large numbers, as high as
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TI rarely refers to the language by name, but the name TI-BASIC has been used in some developer documentation.
97:. TI-BASIC is a language family of three different and incompatible versions, released on different products:
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In contrast, 68k calculators allow all variable names to have up to eight alphanumeric characters, including
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be present on the user's calculator, sometimes considered a detraction to the use of the libraries.
502:, but custom lists can be created. This is done by setting dimension of a list referenced with the
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Recursion is possible. A program can be called from within itself or from within another program.
197:
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217:
1346:"Cemetech – United-TI Archives – Project Ideas/Start New Projects – opTI-BASIC [Topic]"
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Flexibility in the use of variables varies widely by the calculator model. For example, on the
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or conversely, entering programs manually into calculators. TI-BASIC programs are stored in a
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fact(x) :Func : If x=0 : Return 1 : If x<0 : Return undef : x*fact(x-1) :End Func
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files, it is intended to be extensible to work with any user-specified token mapping.
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1997:
1984:
1974:
1883:
1755:
1454:"Calculator Programming Today", The Spreadsheet Vol VI, No 14, 23. November 2004 pp 5
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369:
323:
137:
64:
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https://education.ti.com/educationportal/sites/US/productDetail/us_ti89ti.html?bid=5
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use by assembly programmers. All of the functions require that an application like
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2017:
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345:; however, particularly on the Z80 models, the labels function as destinations for
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any TI calculator, since the capability to write programs in TI-BASIC is built-in.
127:
123:
109:
1153:. The clear text format is also used for the Lua interpreter on the calculator.
531:. Individual elements of lists can be accessed by placing the element number in
265:
although sometimes they are better left on. For example, on TI 83/84 models the
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993::hellowld() :Prgm :ClrIO :Disp "HELLO, WORLD!" :Pause :ClrIO :DispHome :EndPrgm
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statement stops the current program and continues where the program was called.
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409:
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function runs much slower without closing parentheses in certain circumstances.
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1992:
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131:
1298:(3rd ed.). Texas Instruments Incorporated. May 28, 2002. pp. 22–23.
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began creating an online converter to extract plain-text (and later HTML and
708:. These store up to 14 significant digits depending on the calculator model.
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provides the first glimpse many students have into the world of programming.
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variable, but this does not affect anything other than performance unless
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921:. All functions have a return value, which in the absence of an explicit
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PROGRAM:FACT :If X=0 :Then :Disp A :Stop :End :XA→A :X-1→X :prgmFACT
479:
of a list, its number of elements, may range from 1 to 999, although
464:, with the ability to create additional ones. These are essentially
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number of space characters at the beginning of a line, this allows
768:, all English language letters as well as theta (Θ) are available.
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811:. Furthermore, variables can be grouped into "folders", or made
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The following programs, when executed, will display the phrase "
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248:
or indentation. It is also dependent on a somewhat non-standard
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244:
capabilities, but makes limited to no use of or allowance for
119:
105:
25:
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196:
848:
The 68k calculators allow programs to include single-line
471:
used to store a real or complex number into each of their
192:
16:
Programming language used in Texas
Instruments calculators
732:, with elements subject to the same restrictions in lists
608:
Data types that cannot be directly manipulated include:
151:
For many applications, it is the most convenient way to
680:
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2016:
1983:
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1512:
1368:"Martian Develops SourceCoder; Conquers BASIClings"
159:(often referred to as "asm") can also be used, and
39:It has been suggested that this article should be
693:
353:functions rather than as program or block labels.
907:because they can call built-in functions such as
494:of the list name. The default lists are named L
416:(implemented as pairs of reals) to be stored in
1076:is the parameter of the factorial function and
166:exist for translation into assembly: TIGCC for
783:). On the TI-83/84 certain variables such as
1833:
1487:
260:, and other mathematical symbols, as well as
178:based calculators. However, both of them are
8:
1104:statement is the last expression evaluated.
925:statement is the last expression evaluated.
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1446:
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2229:
1865:
1840:
1826:
1818:
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1480:
1472:
1802:Texas Instruments signing key controversy
685:
679:
513:, followed by a name ranging from 1 to 5
330:. The main control flow statements are:
815:to a program by declaring them with the
447:function, which is found in the catalog.
1213:
208:has textbooks on TI-BASIC programming:
1278:https://tibasicdev.wikidot.com/timings
288:operator, TI-BASIC uses a right-arrow
1068:The example below is used to compute
517:that begins with an uppercase letter
7:
1280:Analysis of different command times.
1219:
1217:
1467:Texas Instruments' official website
1412:"TokenIDE / Shaun McFall Interview"
14:
2900:BASIC programming language family
722:Lists, which are one-dimensional
1390:"Cemetech's SourceCoder Updated"
840:is read immediately afterwards.
714:, implemented as pairs of reals.
420:format. Values may range from 1
30:
929:Third-party language extensions
1348:. Cemetech archive of UnitedTI
597:(4) would return the value of
550:Equation variables, including
341:. Sections of programs can be
1:
2885:Texas Instruments calculators
1334:Find an Oasis in Doors CS 7.0
170:(68k) based calculators, and
2890:Graphing calculator software
2045:Data General Extended BASIC
1797:Calculator-Based Laboratory
1322:xLIB by Patrick Prendergast
1072:. In order for it to work,
738:, unique to the 68k series.
2916:
1292:TI-83 Plus Developer Guide
1203:RPL (programming language)
295:operator with the syntax:
90:-like language built into
86:is the official name of a
18:
2769:Disk Extended Color BASIC
2382:Open Programming Language
1621:Non-graphing programmable
1577:TI-92x and Voyage 200 PLT
1244:TI-89 at education.ti.com
2667:WinFBE, Visual FB Editor
2050:Southampton BASIC System
1440:Programming - ticalc.org
701:, with perfect accuracy.
694:{\displaystyle 10^{600}}
1735:Business Analyst series
1596:TI-Nspire–TI-Nspire CAS
1310:Omnicalc v1.00 Released
1193:Programmable calculator
2819:MS BASIC for Macintosh
2603:Visual Basic (classic)
1913:TI-BASIC (calculators)
1852:programming language (
1807:list of TI calculators
982::Disp "HELLO, WORLD!"
795:as a result. Because
706:decimal floating point
695:
664:) (15 colors in total)
408:(theta). These allow
242:structured programming
202:
2706:Atari Microsoft BASIC
2549:Microsoft Small Basic
2516:Embedded Visual Basic
2079:VSI BASIC for OpenVMS
1064:TI-83/84 (Z80 Series)
1018:TI-83/84 (Z80 Series)
1009:text "HELLO, WORLD!"
1001:text "HELLO, WORLD!"
978:TI-83/84 (Z80 Series)
696:
200:
60:TI-BASIC Nspire (ARM)
45:into articles titled
2774:Extended Color BASIC
1947:Rocky Mountain BASIC
1942:HP Time-Shared BASIC
895:keywords instead of
736:Symbolic expressions
704:Real numbers, using
678:
535:after the list name.
297:source → destination
218:Programming:TI-Basic
136:TI-BASIC Nspire (on
95:graphing calculators
2854:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)
2744:Benton Harbor BASIC
1962:Locomotive Software
1332:Sutherland, Nikky.
1176:scripting languages
1046:regression analyses
312:if-then-else blocks
310:statements include
278:operator precedence
21:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)
2895:BASIC interpreters
1087:TI-89 (68k Series)
1027:TI-89 (68k Series)
986:TI-89 (68k Series)
691:
339:assembly languages
203:
92:Texas Instruments'
2872:
2871:
2732:BASIC Programming
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2618:Visual Basic .NET
2425:
2424:
2216:
2215:
2203:Super Expander 64
1918:TI Extended BASIC
1905:Texas Instruments
1815:
1814:
1677:Scientific models
1503:Texas Instruments
1366:Michael Vincent.
1188:Calculator gaming
1111:Editors and Tools
641:Graph databases (
602:
595:
576:
569:
562:
555:
505:
501:
497:
462:
455:
450:Lists, including
427:
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374:dynamically typed
328:switch statements
233:
232:
225:TI-Basic Programs
157:Assembly language
144:and TI-Nspire CAS
114:TI-84 Plus series
81:
80:
54:TI-BASIC 89 (68k)
48:TI-BASIC 83 (Z80)
2907:
2586:
2559:OpenOffice Basic
2439:
2230:
2168:
2003:North Star BASIC
1970:Locomotive BASIC
1866:
1848:Dialects of the
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1819:
1728:Financial models
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276:, with standard
272:Expressions use
193:
118:TI-BASIC 89 (on
76:
73:
34:
33:
26:
2915:
2914:
2910:
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2904:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2764:Dartmouth BASIC
2754:Commodore BASIC
2696:Applesoft BASIC
2671:
2639:
2632:
2579:
2571:
2530:
2523:
2498:Microsoft Excel
2434:
2421:
2348:
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2212:
2171:
2162:
2093:
2059:
2012:
1979:
1956:
1934:Hewlett-Packard
1928:
1899:
1882:TRS-80 BASICs (
1878:Microsoft BASIC
1857:
1846:
1816:
1811:
1780:
1739:
1723:
1672:
1668:TI-95 (PROCALC)
1616:
1600:
1589:-based graphing
1581:
1565:-based graphing
1557:
1516:-based graphing
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1255:"Lua Scripting"
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1184:
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1013:Lists and loops
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712:Complex numbers
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526:
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491:
488:limiting factor
466:one-dimensional
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414:complex numbers
403:
399:
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366:
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180:cross-compilers
122:processor) for
108:processor) for
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68:
35:
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24:
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11:
5:
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2859:Turbo-BASIC XL
2856:
2851:
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2839:Sinclair BASIC
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2711:Atari ST BASIC
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2494:
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2456:Chipmunk Basic
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2198:Super Expander
2195:
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2189:Graphics BASIC
2187:
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2089:CALL/360:BASIC
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2031:Business Basic
2028:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
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1985:Microcomputers
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1461:External links
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1388:Travis Evans.
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1183:
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1080:must equal 1.
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1040:
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1021:
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1016:
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987:
984:
981:
979:
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930:
927:
884:
881:
871:
870:TI-83/84 (Z80)
868:
866:
863:
845:
842:
829:
828:TI-83/84 (Z80)
826:
824:
821:
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773:
772:TI-83/84 (Z80)
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621:
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548:
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448:
430:
418:floating point
386:
385:TI-83/84 (Z80)
383:
368:TI-BASIC is a
365:
362:
349:statements or
332:
304:
301:
274:infix notation
237:
234:
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168:Motorola 68000
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38:
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29:
15:
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10:
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2864:Vilnius BASIC
2862:
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2750:
2749:Chinese BASIC
2747:
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2652:Basic4android
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2520:WinWrap Basic
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2277:Liberty BASIC
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2193:Simons' BASIC
2191:
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2019:
2018:Minicomputers
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Integer BASIC
1996:
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1975:Mallard BASIC
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985:
977:
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971:HELLO, WORLD!
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250:character set
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138:ARM processor
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72:February 2019
66:
62:
61:
56:
55:
50:
49:
44:
43:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2779:Family BASIC
2734:(Atari 2600)
2731:
2691:Altair BASIC
2292:Mobile BASIC
2208:YS MegaBasic
2065:Time-sharing
2039:Data General
1920:(aka XBasic)
1912:
1888:Level II/III
1791:
1744:Other models
1436:
1431:TextPad site
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1414:. ticalc.org
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1392:. ticalc.org
1383:
1372:. Retrieved
1370:. ticalc.org
1361:
1350:. Retrieved
1340:
1328:
1316:
1308:ticalc.org.
1304:
1291:
1285:
1273:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1237:
1228:
1225:"TI-84 Plus"
1155:
1143:
1123:
1114:
1098:
1067:
1059:
1034:
1005:TI-Nspire CX
989:
967:
953:Doors CS 7.0
932:
886:
873:
847:
831:
806:
775:
763:
741:
724:linked lists
623:Background (
607:
541:, including
435:, including
410:real numbers
394:, including
367:
355:
335:
326:, though no
324:repeat loops
308:Control flow
306:
303:Control flow
296:
291:
271:
239:
223:
216:
204:
188:
150:
147:
128:TI-92 series
124:TI-89 series
110:TI-83 series
83:
82:
69:
58:
52:
46:
40:
2759:Color BASIC
2701:Atari BASIC
2640:open source
2598:CA-Realizer
2590:Proprietary
2563:ScriptBasic
2531:open source
2466:LotusScript
2443:Proprietary
2377:Indic BASIC
2349:open source
2332:Turbo Basic
2322:Tiger-BASIC
2267:FutureBASIC
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2163: [
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2110:Astro BASIC
2084:SUPER BASIC
1924:TI-BASIC 83
1506:calculators
1410:Ryan Boyd.
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1151:Zeus editor
964:Hello world
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2879:Categories
2849:SuperBASIC
2844:STOS BASIC
2829:QuickBASIC
2554:Mono-Basic
2476:PowerBASIC
2435:extensions
2392:SmallBASIC
2327:True BASIC
2312:SmileBASIC
2302:PowerBASIC
2262:Beta BASIC
2247:AMOS BASIC
2242:AmigaBASIC
2145:Tiny BASIC
2105:AlphaBasic
2074:BASIC-PLUS
2055:Wang BASIC
1993:Atom BASIC
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258:cube roots
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2814:MSX BASIC
2794:IBM BASIC
2784:GFA BASIC
2739:BBC BASIC
2656:Basic4ppc
2581:designers
2544:FreeBASIC
2496:VB 5 for
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2367:DarkBASIC
2357:Basic-256
2337:WordBASIC
2317:ThinBasic
2307:PureBasic
2222:Procedure
2177:Extenders
2140:SDS BASIC
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1870:Microsoft
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2804:MacBASIC
2799:JR-BASIC
2789:GW-BASIC
2726:BASIC XL
2721:BASIC XE
2716:BASIC A+
2638:Free and
2608:NS Basic
2539:BlitzMax
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2257:BasicX
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