Perl - Knowledge

2563: 7017: 2500:, one of the earliest professional Perl trainers. In the parlance of Perl culture, Perl programmers are known as Perl hackers, and from this derives the practice of writing short programs to print out the phrase "Just another Perl hacker". In the spirit of the original concept, these programs are moderately obfuscated and short enough to fit into the signature of an email or Usenet message. The "canonical" JAPH as developed by Schwartz includes the comma at the end, although this is often omitted. 343: 8404: 7753: 2577: 8394: 6158: 498: 54: 7725: 6185: 1065:) documents that were to be used in guiding development of Perl 6. In 2001, work began on the "Apocalypses" for Perl 6, a series of documents meant to summarize the change requests and present the design of the next generation of Perl. They were presented as a digest of the RFCs, rather than a formal document. At this time, Perl 6 existed only as a description of a language. 2493:-style summaries on the progress of Perl and its community. They are characterized by his hallmark humor, employing references to Perl's culture, the wider hacker culture, Wall's linguistic background, sometimes his family life, and occasionally even his Christian background. Each talk is first given at various Perl conferences and is eventually also published online. 6131: 6454: 1228: 6508: 2061:'s PPI project focused on parsing Perl code as a document (retaining its integrity as a document), instead of parsing Perl as executable code (that not even Perl itself can always do). It was Kennedy who first conjectured that "parsing Perl suffers from the 'halting problem'," which was later proved. 1903:

or standard for the Perl language exists for Perl versions through Perl 5, and there are no plans to create one for the current version of Perl. There has been only one implementation of the interpreter, and the language has evolved along with it. That interpreter, together with its functional tests,

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The plan to go to Perl 7 brought up more discussion, however, and the Perl Steering Committee canceled it to avoid issues with backward compatibility for scripts that were not written to the pragmas and modules that would become the default in Perl 7. Perl 7 will only come out when the developers add

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Some observers credit the release of Perl 5.10 with the start of the Modern Perl movement. In particular, this phrase describes a style of development that embraces the use of the CPAN, takes advantage of recent developments in the language, and is rigorous about creating high quality code. While the

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to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions. Perl originally was not capitalized and the name was changed to being capitalized by the time Perl 4 was released. The latest release is Perl 5, first released in 1994. From 2000 to October 2019 a sixth version

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Most of what happens in Perl's compile phase is compilation, and most of what happens in Perl's run phase is execution, but there are significant exceptions. Perl makes important use of its capability to execute Perl code during the compile phase. Perl will also delay compilation into the run phase.

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compares the performance of implementations of typical programming problems in several programming languages. The submitted Perl implementations typically perform toward the high end of the memory-usage spectrum and give varied speed results. Perl's performance in the benchmarks game is typical for

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Perl is implemented as a core interpreter, written in C, together with a large collection of modules, written in Perl and C. As of 2010, the interpreter is 150,000 lines of C code and compiles to a 1 MB executable on typical machine architectures. Alternatively, the interpreter can be compiled

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On May 20, 2012, Perl 5.16 was released. Notable new features include the ability to specify a given version of Perl that one wishes to emulate, allowing users to upgrade their version of Perl, but still run old scripts that would normally be incompatible. Perl 5.16 also updates the core to support

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Perl 5.8 was first released on July 18, 2002, and further 5.X versions have been released approximately yearly since then. Perl 5.8 improved Unicode support, added a new I/O implementation, added a new thread implementation, improved numeric accuracy, and added several new modules. As of 2013, this

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was the first public venue in which Perl was introduced, but over the course of its evolution, Perl's community was shaped by the growth of broadening Internet-based services including the introduction of the World Wide Web. The community that surrounds Perl was, in fact, the topic of Wall's first

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In Perl 5, database interfaces are implemented by Perl DBI modules. The DBI (Database Interface) module presents a single, database-independent interface to Perl applications, while the DBD (Database Driver) modules handle the details of accessing some 50 different databases; there are DBD drivers

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A major change in the development process of Perl 5 occurred with Perl 5.11; the development community has switched to a monthly release cycle of development releases, with a yearly schedule of stable releases. By that plan, bugfix point releases will follow the stable releases every three months.

1114:. The goal was to ensure the future of the millions of lines of Perl 5 code at thousands of companies around the world. The PONIE project ended in 2006 and is no longer being actively developed. Some of the improvements made to the Perl 5 interpreter as part of PONIE were folded into that project. 2197:

conference and subsequent article "A Timely Start", Jean-Louis Leroy found that his Perl programs took much longer to run than expected because the perl interpreter spent significant time finding modules within his over-large include path. Unlike Java, Python, and Ruby, Perl has only experimental

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Perl is sometimes called the "Practical Extraction and Report Language", although it has also been called a "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister", among other expansions. It's actually a backronym, not an acronym, since Larry Wall, Perl's creator, came up with the name first and the expansion

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in order to complete parsing in every case. It is a longstanding result that the halting problem is undecidable, and therefore not even Perl can always parse Perl. Perl makes the unusual choice of giving the user access to its full programming power in its own compile phase. The cost in terms of

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stated that the design of Perl 6 has a "well-defined grammar", an "improved type system, a unified object system with an intelligent metamodel, metaoperators, and a clearer system of context that provides for such niceties as pervasive laziness". He also stated that "Perl 6 has a coherence and a

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players seek to take as few shots as possible in a round. The phrase's first use emphasized the difference between pedestrian code meant to teach a newcomer and terse hacks likely to amuse experienced Perl programmers, an example of the latter being JAPHs that were already used in signatures in

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to resolve syntactical ambiguities. Because of the forgiving nature of the compiler, bugs can sometimes be hard to find. Perl's function documentation remarks on the variant behavior of built-in functions in list and scalar contexts by saying, "In general, they do what you want, unless you want

1519:. However, unlike the shell, Perl uses sigils on all accesses to variables, and unlike most other programming languages that use sigils, the sigil doesn't denote the type of the variable but the type of the expression. So for example, while an array is denoted by the sigil "@" (for example 1349:

This plan was revised in May 2021, without any release timeframe or version of Perl 5 for use as a baseline specified. When Perl 7 would be released, Perl 5 would have gone into long term maintenance. Supported Perl 5 versions however would continue to get important security and bug fixes.

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for core Perl language and over 250,000 functional tests for core modules. These run as part of the normal build process and extensively exercise the interpreter and its core modules. Perl developers rely on the functional tests to ensure that changes to the interpreter do not introduce

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from 1996 to 2000 that made an arch virtue of Perl's syntactic flexibility. Awards were given for categories such as "most powerful"—programs that made efficient use of space—and "best four-line signature" for programs that fit into four lines of 76 characters in the style of a Usenet

1288:. This acted as, and continues to act as, a test platform for the Perl 6 language (separate from the development of the actual implementation), allowing the language designers to explore. The Pugs project spawned an active Perl/Haskell cross-language community centered around the 677:. Importantly, modules provided a mechanism for extending the language without modifying the interpreter. This allowed the core interpreter to stabilize, even as it enabled ordinary Perl programmers to add new language features. Perl 5 has been in active development since then. 559:

use, requiring only an acknowledgement and a link to www.perl.com. Licensing for commercial use is decided on a case-by-case basis. O'Reilly also provides "Programming Republic of Perl" logos for non-commercial sites and "Powered by Perl" buttons for any site that uses Perl.

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reflects the idea that "things that are different should look different." For example, scalars, arrays, and hashes have different leading sigils. Array indices and hash keys use different kinds of braces. Strings and regular expressions have different standard delimiters.

6704: 1242:, Jon Orwant made a case for a major new language initiative. This led to a decision to begin work on a redesign of the language, to be called Perl 6. Proposals for new language features were solicited from the Perl community at large, which submitted more than 300 1600:). A major additional feature introduced with Perl 5 was the ability to package code as reusable modules. Wall later stated that "The whole intent of Perl 5's module system was to encourage the growth of Perl culture rather than the Perl core." 1181:

On May 27, 2014, Perl 5.20 was released. Notable new features include subroutine signatures, hash slices/new slice syntax, postfix dereferencing (experimental), Unicode 6.3, and a rand() function using a consistent random number generator.

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reference for the language. At the same time, the Perl version number was bumped to 4, not to mark a major change in the language but to identify the version that was well documented by the book. Perl 4 was released in March 1991.

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Wall spent the next few years digesting the RFCs and synthesizing them into a coherent framework for Perl 6. He presented his design for Perl 6 in a series of documents called "apocalypses" – numbered to correspond to chapters in

1680:, Perl 6 was designed to mitigate "the usual suspects" that elicit the "line noise" claim from Perl 5 critics, including the removal of "the majority of the punctuation variables" and the sanitization of the regex syntax. The 2423:

from each SQL query, allows a high-level mechanism for handling large amounts of data for post-processing by a Perl subprogram. In early versions of Perl, database interfaces were created by relinking the interpreter with a

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to a link library and embedded in other programs. There are nearly 500 modules in the distribution, comprising 200,000 lines of Perl and an additional 350,000 lines of C code (much of the C code in the modules consists of

3013:"Perl" is a family of languages, "Perl 6" is part of the family, but it is a separate language that has its own development team. Its existence has no significant impact on the continuing development of "Perl 5". 2227:

Once Perl code is compiled, there is additional overhead during the execution phase that typically isn't present for programs written in compiled languages such as C or C++. Examples of such overhead include

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carries a complete list of supported platforms with links to the distributions available on each. CPAN is also the source for publicly available Perl modules that are not part of the core Perl distribution.

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scheme to one more similar to other open source projects; after 5.005_63, the next version became 5.5.640, with plans for development versions to have odd numbers and stable versions to have even numbers.

3587: 2348:", that is, converting or processing large amounts of data for tasks such as creating reports. These strengths are linked intimately. The combination makes Perl a popular all-purpose language for 1983:. Text is parsed only once, and the syntax tree is subject to optimization before it is executed, so that execution is relatively efficient. Compile-time optimizations on the syntax tree include 7897: 1178:

On May 18, 2013, Perl 5.18 was released. Notable new features include the new dtrace hooks, lexical subs, more CORE:: subs, overhaul of the hash for security reasons, support for Unicode 6.2.

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begins: "Perl is a language for getting your job done." One consequence of this is that Perl is not a tidy language. It includes many features, tolerates exceptions to its rules, and employs

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The Perl On New Internal Engine (PONIE) project existed from 2003 until 2006. It was to be a bridge between Perl 5 and 6, and an effort to rewrite the Perl 5 interpreter to run on the Perl 6

6050: 1962:. Perl is in compile time at most points during the compile phase, but compile time may also be entered during the run phase. The compile time for code in a string argument passed to the 1346:

In June 2020, Perl 7 was announced as the successor to Perl 5. Perl 7 was to initially be based on Perl 5.32 with a release expected in first half of 2021, and release candidates sooner.

7976: 1527:). Perl also has many built-in functions that provide tools often used in shell programming (although many of these tools are implemented by programs external to the shell) such as 3101: 2139:(PPM), a popular tool for installing, removing, upgrading, and managing the use of common Perl modules; however, this tool was discontinued as of ActivePerl 5.28. Included also is 1657:

line noise with a mission in life." He also stated that the accusation that Perl is a write-only language could be avoided by coding with "proper care". The Perl overview document

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On December 18, 2007, the 20th anniversary of Perl 1.0, Perl 5.10.0 was released. Perl 5.10.0 included notable new features, which brought it closer to Perl 6. These included a

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Perl is used quite extensively in Debian. Not only are some core functions written in Perl, but there are over 700 packages in unstable that have perl in their name (Mar 2004).

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and C, aimed to make efficient use of expensive computer hardware. In contrast, Perl was designed so that computer programmers could write programs more quickly and easily.

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In 2004, work began on the "Synopses" – documents that originally summarized the Apocalypses, but which became the specification for the Perl 6 language. In February 2005,

703:; as of December 2022, it carries over 211,850 modules in 43,865 distributions, written by more than 14,324 authors, and is mirrored worldwide at more than 245 locations. 654:

was established in May 1994 to coordinate work on porting Perl 5 to different platforms. It remains the primary forum for development, maintenance, and porting of Perl 5.

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database library. This was sufficiently difficult that it was done for only a few of the most-important and most widely used databases, and it restricted the resulting

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Perl's strongest point is its extremely powerful built-in facilities for pattern-directed processing of textual, line-oriented data formats; it is unsurpassed at this.

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The design of Perl can be understood as a response to three broad trends in the computer industry: falling hardware costs, rising labor costs, and improvements in

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One of the most important events in Perl 5 history took place outside of the language proper and was a consequence of its module support. On October 26, 1995, the

8493: 8483: 7986: 7872: 2073:; further, Perl users who see that the interpreter passes its functional tests on their system can have a high degree of confidence that it is working properly. 8478: 7971: 7954: 6100: 4892: 4560: 2848: 1254:. As of January 2011, the developing specification of Perl 6 was encapsulated in design documents called Synopses – numbered to correspond to Apocalypses. 6283: 4444: 4182: 2547:". Perl poetry is made possible by the large number of English words that are used in the Perl language. New poems are regularly submitted to the community at 2419:

to programmatically customize each of the SQL queries, and the specification of Perl arrays or hashes as the structures to programmatically hold the resulting

2399:(API), the arguments to the API can be the text of SQL queries; thus it is possible to program in multiple languages at the same time (e.g., for generating a 2193:

Large Perl programs start more slowly than similar programs in compiled languages because Perl has to compile the source every time it runs. In a talk at the

460:(GUIs). It has been nicknamed "the Swiss Army chainsaw of scripting languages" because of its flexibility and power. In 1998, it was also referred to as the " 8508: 8503: 7924: 7822: 3186: 680:

Perl 5.001 was released on March 13, 1995. Perl 5.002 was released on February 29, 1996 with the new prototypes feature. This allowed module authors to make

2033:), but even this is not, in general, true. Because the Perl interpreter can simulate a Turing machine during its compile phase, it would need to decide the 8100: 7934: 7907: 7887: 7912: 7741: 6325: 4207: 2198:

support for pre-compiling. Therefore, Perl programs pay this overhead penalty on every execution. The run phase of typical programs is long enough that

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Perl "golf" is the pastime of reducing the number of characters (key "strokes") used in a Perl program to the bare minimum, much in the same way that

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specification of the language. Perl 6, however, started with a specification, and several projects aim to implement some or all of the specification.

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The Perl interpreter can also be used for one-off scripts on the command line. The following example (as invoked from an sh-compatible shell, such as

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are the major stages in the interpreter's life-cycle. Each interpreter goes through each phase only once, and the phases follow in a fixed sequence.

1696:. In a December 2012 blog posting, despite claiming that "Rakudo Perl 6 has failed and will continue to fail unless it gets some adult supervision", 510:

Perl was originally named "Pearl". Wall wanted to give the language a short name with positive connotations. It is also a Christian reference to the

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Perl 7 was announced on 24 June 2020 at "The Perl Conference in the Cloud" as the successor to Perl 5. Based on Perl 5.32, Perl 7 was planned to be

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As of 2017 only the Rakudo implementation and MoarVM are under active development, and other virtual machines, such as the Java Virtual Machine and

2520:" has been applied to the pastime in other languages. A Perl Golf Apocalypse was held at Perl Conference 4.0 in Monterey, California in July 2000. 7746: 5946: 6627: 1653:, in the first chapter states: "Yes, sometimes Perl looks like line noise to the uninitiated, but to the seasoned Perl programmer, it looks like 4691: 647:, culminating in Perl 4.036 in 1993, whereupon Wall abandoned Perl 4 to begin work on Perl 5. Initial design of Perl 5 continued into 1994. The 8468: 8453: 8443: 1968:

built-in occurs during the run phase. Perl is often in run time during the compile phase and spends most of the run phase in run time. Code in

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as a runtime for Perl. Kuhn's thesis showed this approach to be problematic. In 2001, it was decided that Perl 6 would run on a cross-language

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queries; arrays, hashes, and automatic memory management make it easy to collect and process the returned data. For example, in Tim Bunce's

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systems, but it has been ported to most modern (and many obsolete) platforms. With only six reported exceptions, Perl can be compiled from

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Perl 5.004 was released on May 15, 1997, and included, among other things, the UNIVERSAL package, giving Perl a base object from which all

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DBI provides caching for database handles and queries, which can greatly improve performance in long-lived execution environments such as

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string representation, support for files over 2 GiB, and the "our" keyword. When developing Perl 5.6, the decision was made to switch the

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on the cover and is commonly called the "Camel Book". This image has become an unofficial symbol of Perl. O'Reilly owns the image as a

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startup time is not substantial, but benchmarks that measure very short execution times are likely to be skewed due to this overhead.

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may be the most visible standard-bearer of this idea, other groups such as the Enlightened Perl Organization have taken up the cause.

1444:. Perl favors language constructs that are concise and natural for humans to write, even where they complicate the Perl interpreter. 399:. Both languages continue to be developed independently by different development teams which liberally borrow ideas from each other. 8215: 8125: 8120: 7482: 6973: 2761: 2396: 1936: 1440:(common constructions should be short), good end-weighting (the important information should come first), and a large collection of 1388:

According to Wall, Perl has two slogans. The first is "There's more than one way to do it," commonly known as TMTOWTDI, (pronounced

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were automatically derived and the ability to require versions of modules. Another significant development was the inclusion of the

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because parsing can be affected by run-time code executed during the compile phase. Therefore, Perl cannot be parsed by a straight

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regex quote operator, a large selection of other new core modules, and added support for several more operating systems, including

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The interpreter has an object-oriented architecture. All of the elements of the Perl language—scalars, arrays, hashes, coderefs,

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Perl 2, released in June 1988, featured a better regular expression engine. Perl 3, released in October 1989, added support for

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In 2000, Wall put forth a call for suggestions for a new version of Perl from the community. The process resulted in 361 RFC (

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In email, Usenet, and message board postings, "Just another Perl hacker" (JAPH) programs are a common trend, originated by

1133:. As of November 2009, Rakudo Perl has had regular monthly releases and now is the most complete implementation of Perl 6. 8305: 8200: 8024: 8014: 7798: 7731: 7709: 7663: 7636: 7611: 7571: 6808: 3548: 3315: 2323: 1562:

of the last value in a block, and all statements are also expressions which can be used in larger expressions themselves.

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There is a broad practical bent to both the Perl language and the community and culture that surround it. The preface to

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later. That's why 'Perl' isn't in all caps. There's no point in arguing that expansion is correct: Larry endorses both.

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Perl poetry is the practice of writing poems that can be compiled as legal Perl code, for example the piece known as "

2327: 2194: 1665:"look like punctuation or line noise". However, the English module provides both long and short English alternatives. 1662: 1555: 1222: 1194: 396: 328: 324: 276: 158: 117: 6684: 6326:

https://web.archive.org/web/20101231135106/http://www.gabrielweinberg.com/blog/2009/03/duck-duck-go-architecture.html

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also states that what is sometimes referred to as Perl's line noise is "the actual syntax of the language" just as

1574: 312: 225: 4826: 3182: 8365: 8280: 8265: 7631: 7586: 6700: 6542: 5617:, 3rd Ed., chapter 18. See particularly page 467, which carefully distinguishes run phase and compile phase from 5566: 2058: 1516: 662: 6212: 6108: 2251:

Perl has many and varied applications, compounded by the availability of many standard and third-party modules.

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requirements of every data object in the program; it allocates and frees storage for them as necessary using

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encryption prompted a widespread and practical interest in this pastime. In subsequent years, the term "

2263: 2209:, which sought to address one of the most-common reasons that small Perl programs were invoked rapidly: 1988: 1612: 726: 635:, known to many Perl programmers as the "Camel Book" because of its cover, was published and became the 419: 31: 5938: 4738: 4638: 1125:(~~). Around this same time, development began in earnest on another implementation of Perl 6 known as 418:. It provides text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary 6777: 6623: 5731:... we seem to be giving up absolutely nothing. Nobody has ever been able to show a practical downside 2532: 2344:, tying together systems and interfaces that were not specifically designed to interoperate, and for " 2135:

that has regular releases that track the core Perl releases. The distribution previously included the

8355: 8290: 8285: 7847: 7466: 7213: 7198: 7099: 5856: 5422: 4687: 2371:(COTS) and bespoke) to simplify packaging and maintenance of software build- and deployment-scripts. 2349: 2136: 2002: 1976: 1900: 1570: 1485: 1262: 1243: 1193:

In late 2012 and 2013, several projects for alternative implementations for Perl 5 started: Perl5 in

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2nd Edition (2010), Addison-Wesley. Intermediate- to advanced-level guide to writing idiomatic Perl.

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A number of tools have been introduced to improve this situation. The first such tool was Apache's

2144: 1620: 1586: 1493: 1107:. This was the first concerted effort toward making Perl 6 a reality. This effort stalled in 2006. 1054: 696: 674: 644: 563: 8393: 6830: 2016:

combination. Instead, the interpreter implements its own lexer, which coordinates with a modified

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The life of a Perl interpreter divides broadly into a compile phase and a run phase. In Perl, the

1879:) translates the string "Bob" in all files ending with .txt in the current directory to "Robert": 7782: 7367: 7114: 7037: 6935:

1st Edition (2012), Wrox. A beginner's tutorial for those new to programming or just new to Perl.

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The plan remains that there will be a Perl 7 bump, but not immediately after 5.34.0 is released.

4713: 4264: 3153: 346: 4664: 2239:), which can be connected to Perl via simple Inline modules or the more complex, but flexible, 1939:. The Perl API can be bewildering to the uninitiated, but its entry points follow a consistent 8315: 8162: 7842: 7522: 7341: 7132: 6987: 6969: 6514: 6460: 6431: 6403: 6255: 6191: 6164: 6137: 5697: 5351: 5213: 5166: 4806: 4118: 3900: 3896: 3621: 3579: 3522: 3495: 3420: 3416: 3278: 3253: 3073: 3069: 2916: 2364: 2353: 1876: 1608: 1539: 1497: 1426: 722: 544: 426:

programming language: source code for a given algorithm can be short and highly compressible.

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All language designers have their occasional idiosyncracies. I'm just better at it than most.

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The terms that indicate the kind of processing that is actually occurring at any moment are

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Perl 5.005 was released on July 22, 1998. This release included several enhancements to the

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Here is a more complex Perl program, that counts down seconds from a given starting value:

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Usenet postings and elsewhere. Similar stunts had been an unnamed pastime in the language

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It is often said that "Only perl can parse Perl", meaning that only the Perl interpreter (

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perl has always been the go-to language for any task that involves pattern-matching input

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Perl also takes features from shell programming. All variables are marked with leading

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This document describes the steps to be taken to effectuate a rename of Perl 6 to Raku

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Perl has many features that ease the task of the programmer at the expense of greater

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The second slogan is "Easy things should be easy and hard things should be possible".

8428: 8422: 8378: 8339: 8245: 7902: 7827: 7775: 7641: 7423: 7402: 7387: 7372: 7336: 7030: 6964: 6397: 6304:

DuckDuckGo handles a large amount of search queries at 4.5 million queries per day .

5416: 5289: 4203: 3742: 3667: 3409: 3373: 2458: 2412: 2341: 2283: 2178:

and all but the first on the Unix–Linux–POSIX variant thereof in 2002 and afterward.

2152: 2082: 1940: 1649: 1554:. These simplify many parsing, text-handling, and data-management tasks. Shared with 685: 657:

Perl 5.000 was released on October 17, 1994. It was a nearly complete rewrite of the

469: 6016: 5225: 5178: 4062: 2811: 1669:

document states that line noise in regular expressions could be mitigated using the

8220: 8177: 8090: 7693: 7532: 7258: 7238: 7157: 7077: 6951: 6926: 6868: 5622: 3890: 2345: 2307: 2279: 2070: 2046: 1213:

a Kickstarter project led by Will Braswell and affiliated with the Perl11 project.

1140:

On April 12, 2010, Perl 5.12.0 was released. Notable core enhancements include new

651: 567: 296: 5664: 4998: 3274: 1425:

function. Perl follows the theory of "no built-in limits", an idea similar to the

53: 4800: 3615: 3489: 2232:

interpretation, reference-counting memory management, and dynamic type-checking.

8310: 8137: 8132: 7767: 7397: 7382: 7152: 7142: 7094: 6730: 5942: 5912: 4460: 3485: 3404: 2942: 2576: 2470: 2425: 2295: 2217: 2148: 2132: 2106: 1920: 1640: 1604: 1432:

Wall was trained as a linguist, and the design of Perl is very much informed by

1289: 1277: 1096: 700: 610: 579: 497: 184: 6804: 3556: 3305: 485: 7601: 7362: 7308: 6653: 6649: 6619: 3444: 3242: 3061: 2807: 2558: 2544: 2408: 2299: 2287: 2175: 2140: 1501: 1460: 1433: 1335: 1077: 681: 595: 575: 407: 384: 332: 304: 284: 78: 5217: 5193: 5170: 4294: 4234: 4032: 3920: 3859: 3801: 2920: 2726: 1627:– for example, conversions from number to string – are done automatically at 566:

owns an alternative symbol, an onion, which it licenses to its subsidiaries,

8167: 7698: 7223: 7082: 6948:

2nd Edition (2012), Onyx Neon. Describes Modern Perl programming techniques.

6897: 6734: 6564: 5117: 4149: 4002: 3310: 2971: 2631: 2548: 2517: 2240: 2199: 2102: 2017: 571: 552: 548: 522: 461: 377: 5284: 4145: 4084: 3972: 3368: 2909:"Dec. 18, 1987: Perl Simplifies the Labyrinth That Is Programming Language" 518:

language before Perl's official release and dropped the "a" from the name.

5062: 4413:"perl5200delta - what is new for perl v5.20.0 - Perl programming language" 4383:"perl5180delta - what is new for perl v5.18.0 - Perl programming language" 2481:

Perl's culture and community has developed alongside the language itself.

2038:

theoretical purity is high, but practical inconvenience seems to be rare.

8205: 8085: 7218: 7208: 7137: 6938: 6893: 6510:

Understanding MySQL Internals: Discovering and Improving a Great Database

5478: 5448: 4533: 4479: 4357: 3448: 2447: 2420: 2400: 2393: 2303: 2267: 2229: 2206: 2159: 1654: 1399: 628: 534: 465: 17: 7435: 6399:

Programming the Perl DBI : [database programming with Perl]

5916: 5507: 5316: 5209: 3771: 3345: 7591: 7581: 7267: 7228: 7203: 7122: 5161: 5144: 3950: 2512:

in previous decades. The use of Perl to write a program that performed

2490: 1932: 1489: 1403: 1285: 1172: 1157: 1104: 1089: 1070: 1050: 734: 441: 6534: 6305: 6276:"IMDb Helpdesk: What software/hardware are you using to run the site?" 5909:"ActivePerl is Perl for Windows, Mac, Linux, AIX, HP-UX & Solaris" 4830: 2235:

The most critical routines can be written in other languages (such as

2120:

environment, a special port called MacPerl was shipped independently.

1365:

to stay compatible, but modern code can drop some of the boilerplate.

7658: 7626: 7510: 7313: 7303: 7277: 7272: 7188: 6220: 6046: 6012: 5562: 2482: 2378: 2331: 2259: 2013: 1685: 1321: 1309: 1303: 1299:

In 2012, Perl 6 development was centered primarily on two compilers:

1153: 1126: 711: 599: 6246:

Beginning PHP and MySQL: From Novice to Professional, Fourth Edition

4940: 3717: 2170:

to Perl have also been produced by this company and included on the

1577:

as values), and an object-oriented programming model. These include

1413:

and memory requirements. These include automatic memory management;

395:

of Perl was in development; the sixth version's name was changed to

7556: 6981: 6160:

Writing Apache Modules with Perl and C: The Apache API and Mod_perl

5145:"Tutorial: Perl, a psychologically efficient reformatting language" 4918: 2162:-to-Perl converter, a Perl compiler for Windows, and converters of 1927:. Operations on these structs are defined by a large collection of 1227: 272: 8172: 7566: 7527: 7505: 7263: 6929:

6th Edition (2011), O'Reilly. Beginner-level introduction to Perl.

6337: 5744: 5588: 4608: 4507: 2996: 2870: 2334: 2275: 2221: 2110: 1226: 1149: 1085: 1073: 1028: 514:

from the Gospel of Matthew. However, Wall discovered the existing

264: 4854:"Rakudo JVM News: More tests, plus Thread and Promise prototypes" 2367:

and Unix; such code is often used by suppliers of software (both

627:

Originally, the only documentation for Perl was a single lengthy

602:; he released version 1.0 on December 18, 1987. Wall based early 402:

Perl borrows features from other programming languages including

380:

in use, including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language".

7248: 7167: 7087: 7067: 6366: 6216: 6104: 5882: 5748: 5258: 3830: 2871:"perl(1): Practical Extraction/Report Language - Linux man page" 2504: 2404: 2155: 2124: 2098: 2006: 1964: 1164: 1069:

version was still the most popular Perl version and was used by

1045:

Perl 5.6 was released on March 22, 2000. Major changes included

753: 692: 688:. Perl 5.003 was released June 25, 1996, as a security release. 388: 7771: 7439: 7026: 2781: 606:

on some methods existing languages used for text manipulation.

7683: 7653: 5878: 5826: 3889:

Patwardhan, Nathan; Siever, Ellen; Spainhour, Stephen (2002).

2527:

competitions were a well known pastime in the late 1990s. The

2440: 2389: 2319: 2167: 2163: 1551: 1543: 1472:

The overall structure of Perl derives broadly from C. Perl is

1410: 1121:(called "given"/"when"), regular expressions updates, and the 730: 598:

began work on Perl in 1987, while employed as a programmer at

415: 411: 376:. Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various 316: 280: 260: 6865:

Games, diversions, and Perl culture: best of the Perl journal

6009:"Alioth: The Computer Language Benchmarks Game: Project Info" 4325:"perl5140delta - what is new for perl v5.14.0 - metacpan.org" 2388:

Perl's text-handling capabilities can be used for generating

6954:

4th Edition (2012), O'Reilly. The definitive Perl reference.

6130:

Schwartz, Randal; foy, brian; Phoenix, Tom (June 23, 2011).

4742: 4634: 4442:

Milestones in the Perl Renaissance – Modern Perl Programming

2680:"Perl 5.34.3, Perl 5.36.3 and Perl 5.38.2 are now available" 2457:

In modern Perl applications, especially those written using

661:, and it added many new features to the language, including 5636:"perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API - Perldoc Browser" 4480:

Modern Perl 2011-2012 edition by chromatic |Onyx Neon Press

2432:

executable to using just one database interface at a time.

5852: 5259:"perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter - Perldoc Browser" 4770:

Considerations on Porting Perl to the Java Virtual Machine

2450:, helping high-volume systems avert load spikes as in the 2282:; high-traffic websites that use Perl extensively include 6535:"Class::DBI - Simple Database Abstraction - metacpan.org" 4178:

OSCON 4.4: Inside Ponie, the Bridge from Perl 5 to Perl 6

1975:

At compile time, the interpreter parses Perl code into a

1014: 1008: 7010: 6456:

Programming the Perl DBI: Database programming with Perl

6424:"Perl Programming - Principles of Programming Languages" 5613:

A description of the Perl 5 interpreter can be found in

5050:... We don't think that we can deliver on in 12 months. 4582: 3826: 468:

together", in reference to both its ubiquitous use as a

429:

Perl gained widespread popularity in the mid-1990s as a

247: 7022: 6834: 5745:"PPI—Parse, Analyze and Manipulate Perl (without perl)" 5720:"Perl and Parsing 11: Are all Perl programs parseable?" 5149:

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

3718:"perlhist - the Perl history records - Perldoc Browser" 1261:, overseen by Wall, considered the possible use of the 972: 961: 950: 939: 928: 917: 906: 895: 884: 873: 862: 851: 840: 829: 818: 807: 796: 785: 774: 27:

Interpreted programming language first released in 1987

4033:"Perl | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica" 1972:

blocks executes at run time but in the compile phase.

6453:

Bunce, Tim; Descartes, Alligator (February 4, 2000).

5477:. Perl 5 Porters and perldoc.perl.org. Archived from 5447:. Perl 5 Porters and perldoc.perl.org. Archived from 5240:"The Fall Of Perl, The Web's Most Promising Language" 3668:"Perl turns 30 and its community continues to thrive" 2352:, particularly because short programs, often called " 2174:, which includes all of their distributions plus the 2113:-compliant, or otherwise-Unix-compatible, platforms. 2041:

Other programs that undertake to parse Perl, such as

1402:

technology. Many earlier computer languages, such as

7818:

Comparison of open-source and closed-source software

4660: 4557:"What is Moe (a clarification) | Stevan Little" 4352: 4350: 1369:

enough features to warrant a major release upgrade.

1296:

influences were absorbed by the Perl 6 design team.

714:

module, which contributed to Perl's popularity as a

8324: 8258: 8186: 8056: 8033: 7995: 7871: 7805: 7355: 7324: 7286: 7181: 7113: 7060: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 2310:. It is also an optional component of the popular 1417:; strings, lists, and hashes; regular expressions; 290: 254: 242: 232: 215: 203: 193: 183: 157: 116: 94: 84: 72: 60: 5527: 5525: 4970:"Perl 7 announced at Perl Conference in the Cloud" 2754: 2752: 2632:"The Timeline of Perl and its Culture (v3.0_0505)" 444:abilities. In addition to CGI, Perl 5 is used for 6624:"Perl Culture (AKA the first State of the Onion)" 4964: 4962: 2489:State of the Onion is the name for Wall's yearly 1661:states that the names of built-in "magic" scalar 3519:"The Perl Camel Usage and Trademark Information" 2258:scripts: large projects written in Perl include 2131:ActivePerl is a closed-source distribution from 238:.plx, .pls, .pl, .pm, .xs, .t, .pod, .cgi, .psgi 4470:. Modernperlbooks.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-17. 4451:. Modernperlbooks.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-17. 4059:"Apocalypse 1: The Ugly, the Bad, and the Good" 2020:parser to resolve ambiguities in the language. 1943:, which provides guidance to those who use it. 1324:("Metamodel On A Runtime"), a C language-based 744:engine, new hooks into the backend through the 6482:"Efficient Work with Databases under mod_perl" 6101:"B::Bytecode Perl compiler's bytecode backend" 5118:"Larry Wall, the Guru of Perl | Linux Journal" 4885:"MoarVM: A virtual machine for NQP and Rakudo" 4358:"perl5160delta - what is new for perl v5.16.0" 4295:"perl5120delta - what is new for perl v5.12.0" 3693:"Programming Perl, 3rd Edition [Book]" 3228:Perl's unparalleled ability to process text... 3064:; Christiansen, Tom; Orwant, Jon (July 2000). 2721: 2719: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2465:, the DBI module is often used indirectly via 1643:" and a "write-only language" by its critics. 1357:with modern Perl 5 code; Perl 5 code, without 1020: 7783: 7451: 7038: 6099:Beattie, Malcolm & Enache Adrian (2003). 5625:. Perl "time" and "phase" are often confused. 4235:"perl5100delta - what is new for perl 5.10.0" 3476: 3474: 3098:Computer Language Benchmarks Game, Debian.net 2224:, provides similar performance improvements. 2151:is an ActiveState tool that adds Perl to the 2147:(WSH) engine implementing the Perl language. 1935:, and functions; these constitute the Perl C 1631:; illegal type conversions are fatal errors. 1331:In October 2019, Perl 6 was renamed to Raku. 1328:designed primarily for Rakudo was announced. 1163:On May 14, 2011, Perl 5.14 was released with 8: 7823:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities 5537:"The Implementation of Perl 5 versus Perl 6" 3854: 3852: 3617:On Perl: Perl for Students and Professionals 2812:"Programming is Hard, Let's Go Scripting..." 2116:Because of unusual changes required for the 983: 46: 6367:"Perl Books - Book: Data Munging with Perl" 4085:"perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0" 3766: 3764: 2776: 2774: 1565:Perl 5 added features that support complex 8183: 7790: 7776: 7768: 7724: 7458: 7444: 7436: 7045: 7031: 7023: 7015: 6998:Functional programming techniques in Perl. 5026:"Steering Council meeting #019 2021-05-06" 4532:. Yapcna.org. June 4, 2013. Archived from 4146:"Re: How to Implement Perl 6 in Ten Years" 4003:"perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x" 3973:"perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0" 3921:"perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005" 3860:"perl5004delta – what's new for perl5.004" 3124:"RSA in 3 lines of perl - Everything2.com" 2049:, have to contend not only with ambiguous 1979:. At run time, it executes the program by 1152:compliance, regex conversion overloading, 763: 503:The onion logo used by The Perl Foundation 45: 6396:Descartes, Alligator; Bunce, Tim (2000). 6157:Stein, Lincoln; MacEachern, Doug (1999). 5498: 5496: 5160: 4530:"YAPC::NA 2013 – June 3–5, Austin, Texas" 3609: 3607: 3605: 4993: 4991: 4827:"Feature comparison of Perl 6 compilers" 4489:. Onyxneon.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-17. 3802:"Perl: Definition, History, & Facts" 3513: 3511: 1284:project, an implementation of Perl 6 in 574:, Perl.org, and others. The symbol is a 527:Practical Extraction and Report Language 8459:Dynamically typed programming languages 6904:from the original on September 27, 2007 5671:from the original on September 27, 2007 4852:Worthington, Jonathan (July 15, 2013). 4773:(MS thesis). University of Cincinnati. 4589:from the original on September 24, 2013 3248:. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2727:"The "Artistic License" - dev.perl.org" 2702:"Release announcement for perl v5.41.3" 2617: 2093:. Distributions are available for most 1923:—are represented in the interpreter by 521:The name is occasionally expanded as a 491:The Camel symbol used by O'Reilly Media 6976:. Practical Perl programming examples. 6377:from the original on September 7, 2011 6072:Leroy, Jean-Louis (December 1, 2005). 5755:from the original on September 3, 2013 4883:Worthington, Jonathan (May 31, 2013). 4667:from the original on February 21, 2011 4615:from the original on February 23, 2015 4563:from the original on December 19, 2013 4245:from the original on December 21, 2010 4125:from the original on September 8, 2012 4095:from the original on November 21, 2010 4013:from the original on November 18, 2010 3870:from the original on February 27, 2011 3449:"perl - The Perl language interpreter" 3032:from the original on November 12, 2020 2363:Perl code can be made portable across 2356:", can be entered and run on a single 2064:Perl is distributed with over 250,000 1205:by the Perl11 team under Reini Urban, 1034: 531:Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister 456:, and other applications, such as for 433:language, in part due to its powerful 8494:Programming languages created in 1987 8484:Object-oriented programming languages 6811:from the original on January 19, 2011 6762:"Re: Incrementing a value in a slice" 5859:from the original on January 18, 2006 5595:from the original on December 2, 2009 5569:from the original on December 2, 2009 5407: 5405: 5297:from the original on December 9, 2010 5194:"How to become a programming tadpole" 4972:. perlfoundation.org. June 24, 2020. 4641:from the original on October 18, 2014 4393:from the original on October 29, 2013 4212:, The Perl Foundation, archived from 3983:from the original on February 2, 2011 3931:from the original on February 3, 2011 3782:from the original on January 13, 2011 3189:from the original on February 4, 2015 3003:from the original on November 6, 2015 2966: 2964: 2788:from the original on January 22, 2011 2638:from the original on January 11, 2013 2187:The Computer Language Benchmarks Game 2057:of Perl parsing in the general case. 1611:. The interpreter knows the type and 7: 8479:Multi-paradigm programming languages 8346:Microsoft Open Specification Promise 6858:"The Zeroth Obfuscated Perl Contest" 6595:"T sql querying developer reference" 6488:from the original on August 22, 2007 5949:from the original on August 27, 2010 5806:from the original on August 17, 2009 5327:from the original on January 6, 2011 4864:from the original on October 5, 2013 4741:. The Perl 6 Project. Archived from 4305:from the original on January 4, 2011 4275:from the original on August 26, 2013 3837:from the original on October 3, 2019 3772:"perlhist: the Perl history records" 3367:Richardson, Marjorie (May 1, 1999). 3240:Smith, Roderick W. (June 21, 2002). 3134:from the original on October 8, 2020 2569:Free and open-source software portal 2254:Perl has chiefly been used to write 1623:without manual intervention). Legal 8509:Text-oriented programming languages 8504:Software using the Artistic license 7813:Alternative terms for free software 6575:from the original on August 6, 2020 6545:from the original on August 6, 2020 6344:from the original on August 6, 2019 6306:https://duckduckgo.com/traffic.html 6184:Bekman, Stas; Cholet, Eric (2003). 5889:from the original on April 18, 2006 5879:"Perl Ports (Binary Distributions)" 5833:from the original on April 18, 2006 5827:"Perl Ports (Binary Distributions)" 5718:Kegler, Jeffrey (October 7, 2011). 5317:"perlfunc - Perl builtin functions" 5192:Gilbert, James G. R. (March 2002). 4777:from the original on March 21, 2008 4555:Little, Stevan (February 8, 2013). 4185:from the original on March 14, 2012 4175:Broadwell, Geoff (August 8, 2005), 3590:from the original on April 30, 2011 3273:Sheppard, Doug (October 16, 2000). 3160:from the original on March 10, 2015 2941:Sheppard, Doug (October 16, 2000). 2768:- file on the Perl 5 git repository 1129:Perl, developed in tandem with the 8153:Python Software Foundation License 6741:from the original on July 22, 2011 6701:m1hfpvh2jq.fsf@halfdome.holdit.com 6685:"Who is Just another Perl hacker?" 6660:from the original on July 17, 2012 6402:(1 ed.). Beijing : O'Reilly. 6286:from the original on March 9, 2017 6080:from the original on June 13, 2006 5980:from the original on July 28, 2020 5543:from the original on July 29, 2013 5071:from the original on June 25, 2020 5005:from the original on June 24, 2020 4976:from the original on June 26, 2020 4947:from the original on July 29, 2017 4335:from the original on July 25, 2018 3892:Perl in a Nutshell, Second Edition 3578:Gillmore, Dan (October 25, 1998). 3381:from the original on July 20, 2013 3104:from the original on July 12, 2020 2817:from the original on July 28, 2017 2737:from the original on July 24, 2018 2125:Comprehensive Perl Archive Network 2097:. It is particularly prevalent on 1603:All versions of Perl do automatic 1103:, a Perl 6 interpreter written in 974:Old version, yet still maintained: 963:Old version, no longer maintained: 952:Old version, no longer maintained: 941:Old version, no longer maintained: 930:Old version, no longer maintained: 919:Old version, no longer maintained: 908:Old version, no longer maintained: 897:Old version, no longer maintained: 886:Old version, no longer maintained: 875:Old version, no longer maintained: 864:Old version, no longer maintained: 853:Old version, no longer maintained: 842:Old version, no longer maintained: 831:Old version, no longer maintained: 820:Old version, no longer maintained: 809:Old version, no longer maintained: 798:Old version, no longer maintained: 787:Old version, no longer maintained: 776:Old version, no longer maintained: 693:Comprehensive Perl Archive Network 25: 8216:Definition of Free Cultural Works 7833:Free software project directories 6833:. 29degrees. 2007. Archived from 6784:from the original on July 7, 2011 6707:from the original on July 8, 2012 6630:from the original on May 22, 2014 6043:Computer Language Benchmarks Game 5475:Perl 5 version 18.0 documentation 5445:Perl 5 version 18.0 documentation 5321:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 5036:from the original on May 18, 2021 4895:from the original on July 9, 2013 4423:from the original on May 27, 2014 4417:Perl 5 version 20.0 documentation 4387:Perl 5 version 18.0 documentation 4299:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 4269:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 4239:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 4209:Ponie has been put out to pasture 4156:from the original on May 11, 2011 4089:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 4007:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 3977:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 3925:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 3864:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 3776:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 3459:from the original on July 1, 2013 3453:Perl 5 version 12.2 documentation 3318:from the original on July 6, 2012 3285:from the original on June 4, 2008 3275:"Beginner's Introduction to Perl" 2949:from the original on June 5, 2011 2943:"Beginner's Introduction to Perl" 2877:from the original on June 3, 2013 2851:from the original on May 28, 2013 2397:application programming interface 1647:in the first edition of the book 1234:, the logo for the Perl 6 project 8489:Procedural programming languages 8474:High-level programming languages 8403: 8402: 8392: 7853:Open-source software development 7752: 7751: 7723: 6867:. O'Reilly Media. Archived from 6507:Pachev, Sasha (April 10, 2007). 5506:. Perl 6 Project. Archived from 5350:. India: S. Chand. p. 700. 5143:Schwartz, Alan (December 1998). 4694:from the original on May 1, 2011 4585:. Perl11.org. February 7, 2004. 3749:from the original on May 1, 2011 3407:; Phoenix, Tom (June 16, 2011). 2575: 2561: 2326:. Perl is used extensively as a 1701:consistency that Perl 5 lacks." 643:Perl 4 went through a series of 496: 484: 341: 52: 8464:Free compilers and interpreters 8211:Debian Free Software Guidelines 8043:Free Software Movement of India 6831:"Code Golf: What is Code Golf?" 5970:"Goodbye PPM, Hello State Tool" 5371:"title unknown". May 10, 1997. 5024:Clark, Nicholas (May 9, 2021). 4739:"Official Perl 6 Documentation" 4688:"Transcription of Larry's talk" 4461:Preface (Modern Perl 2011-2012) 4144:Tang, Audrey (April 21, 2010). 3614:Kalita, Jugal (December 2003). 3415:. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 3344:. March 7, 2016. Archived from 3183:"You Used Perl to Write WHAT?!" 3066:Programming Perl, Third Edition 2658:"Perl v5.40.0 is now available" 2029:) can parse the Perl language ( 5377:199705101952.MAA00756@wall.org 5067:. leanpub.com. June 24, 2020. 3369:"Larry Wall, the Guru of Perl" 2972:"Larry Wall, the Guru of Perl" 2841:"General Questions About Perl" 1831:"Remaining %s/%s \r" 1639:Perl has been referred to as " 1511:, which allow variables to be 1201:by Stevan Little and friends, 472:and its perceived inelegance. 228:version 1 or any later version 139:5.38.2 / 29 November 2023 1: 8469:Free software programmed in C 8454:Dynamic programming languages 8444:C programming language family 8201:Contributor License Agreement 8015:Open-source-software movement 7799:Free and open-source software 6039:"Which programs are fastest?" 5968:Crane, Dana (July 23, 2019). 5855:. Prime Time Freeware. 1997. 5421:. O'Reilly & Associates. 5283:Wall, Larry (March 1, 1997). 1987:and context propagation, but 1704:In Perl, one could write the 1436:principles. Examples include 1361:(pragma) header needs adding 1015:Old version, still maintained 721:Perl 5.004 added support for 387:in 1987 as a general-purpose 8372:The Cathedral and the Bazaar 8226:The Free Software Definition 6980:Dominus, Mark Jason (2005). 6778:7imnti$ mjh$ 1@info2.uah.edu 6760:Bacon, Greg (May 28, 1999). 4714:"Perl6 - The future of Perl" 3743:"perl.perl5.porters archive" 3491:Learning Perl, Third Edition 3338:"Scripting on the Lido Deck" 1673:modifier to add whitespace. 1542:("associative arrays") from 695:(CPAN) was established as a 374:dynamic programming language 164:5.41.3 / 29 August 2024 39:PEARL (programming language) 8276:Mozilla software rebranding 8241:Permissive software license 5825:Hietaniemi, Jarkko (1998). 5691:"The Perl Journal #19/9.26" 5392:Dr. Dobb's Developer Update 5001:. perl.com. June 24, 2020. 4466:September 28, 2012, at the 3094:"How programs are measured" 2583:Computer programming portal 2486:"State of the Onion" talk. 2328:system programming language 1716:"Hello, World!\n" 1223:Raku (programming language) 8530: 8281:Proprietary device drivers 8231:The Open Source Definition 6958:Effective Perl Programming 6944:December 22, 2011, at the 6513:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". 6459:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". 6311:February 15, 2012, at the 6190:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". 6163:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". 6136:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". 5092:"What happened to Perl 7?" 4485:December 22, 2011, at the 2531:was a competition held by 2172:ActiveState CD for Windows 2091:GNU General Public License 1587:lexically scoped variables 1376: 1220: 996: 699:for the Perl language and 620: 547:, features a picture of a 226:GNU General Public License 36: 29: 8388: 8366:Source-available software 8266:Digital rights management 7719: 7496: 7473: 7411: 5800:"Perl and Undecidability" 4447:October 27, 2012, at the 3244:Advanced Linux Networking 2467:object-relational mappers 2383:graphical user interfaces 2381:are commonly used to add 1619:(so it cannot deallocate 1197:by the Rakudo Perl team, 458:graphical user interfaces 338: 295: 259: 179: 126:5.40.0 / 9 June 2024 112: 51: 8361:Shared Source Initiative 8158:Shared Source Initiative 8111:Free Software Foundation 8048:Free Software Foundation 7898:Configuration management 6805:"RSA in 5 lines of perl" 6654:"2nd State of the Onion" 5915:Software. Archived from 5782:(3): 23–29. Summer 2008. 4941:"rakudo/rakudo - GitHub" 4181:, O'Reilly ONLamp Blog, 3620:. Universal-Publishers. 3212:"The Importance of Perl" 2369:commercial off-the-shelf 2340:Perl is often used as a 1888:'s/Bob/Robert/g' 1881: 1726: 1710: 1621:circular data structures 1581:, packages, class-based 1292:#raku IRC channel. Many 37:Not to be confused with 8449:Cross-platform software 8296:SCO/Linux controversies 6863:. In Jon Orwant (ed.). 6280:Internet Movie Database 6242:Gilmore, W. J. (2010). 6213:"Inline - metacpan.org" 5786:"Perl is Undecidable". 5398:. Miller-Freeman. 1995. 5090:Perl Steering Council. 4805:. Pragmatic Bookshelf. 4265:"perlsyn - Perl syntax" 2630:Ashton, Elaine (1999). 2606:Plain Old Documentation 2601:Perl Object Environment 2529:Obfuscated Perl Contest 2190:interpreted languages. 1706:"Hello, World!" program 1379:Perl language structure 1314:Common Language Runtime 985:Current stable version: 684:that behaved like Perl 420:Unix command line tools 194:Implementation language 8514:Unix programming tools 8196:Comparison of licenses 8005:Free software movement 5796:, available online at 5743:Kennedy, Adam (2006). 5591:. The Perl 6 Project. 5565:. The Perl 6 Project. 5563:"Perl 6 Specification" 5285:"Wherefore Art, Thou?" 5116:Richardson, Marjorie. 4663:. The Perl 6 Project. 4609:"goccy/gperl 路 GitHub" 3154:"Language Evaluations" 2764:July 25, 2018, at the 2417:variable interpolation 1294:functional programming 1235: 1131:Parrot virtual machine 1112:Parrot virtual machine 1029:Latest preview version 1022:Current stable version 716:CGI scripting language 671:lexical (my) variables 623:Perl 5 version history 383:Perl was developed by 141:; 9 months ago 128:; 3 months ago 100:; 36 years ago 98:December 18, 1987 8439:Programming languages 8271:License proliferation 7467:Programming languages 6856:Gallo, Felix (2003). 6670:(Search for 'church') 6324:DuckDuckGo uses Perl 5535:(December 31, 2012). 5348:Web Design Technology 5346:Nagpal, D.P. (2010). 5064:Preparing for Perl 7d 2810:(December 12, 2007). 2350:system administrators 2314:technology stack for 2158:development suite. A 2043:source-code analyzers 1989:peephole optimization 1571:first-class functions 1486:assignment statements 1230: 446:system administration 166:; 30 days ago 32:Perl (disambiguation) 8356:Open-source hardware 8291:Proprietary software 8286:Proprietary firmware 7987:Formerly open-source 7982:Formerly proprietary 7848:Open-source software 6874:on November 22, 2009 5943:ActiveState Software 5390:"Developer Update". 5323:. perldoc.perl.org. 5246:. February 13, 2014. 5198:Nature Biotechnology 5122:www.linuxjournal.com 4718:www.java-samples.com 4686:Torkington, Nathan. 4301:. perldoc.perl.org. 4271:. perldoc.perl.org. 4241:. perldoc.perl.org. 4091:. perldoc.perl.org. 4065:on November 23, 2010 4009:. perldoc.perl.org. 3979:. perldoc.perl.org. 3927:. perldoc.perl.org. 3866:. perldoc.perl.org. 3778:. perldoc.perl.org. 3488:(December 6, 2007). 3185:. January 24, 2008. 2137:Perl package manager 2051:syntactic constructs 1312:, which targets the 1263:Java virtual machine 1142:package NAME VERSION 1123:smart match operator 1063:Request for Comments 645:maintenance releases 555:but licenses it for 512:Parable of the Pearl 30:For other uses, see 8499:Scripting languages 8434:American inventions 8236:Open-source license 7838:Gratis versus libre 7347:Perl Best Practices 6986:. Morgan Kaufmann. 6837:on January 13, 2012 6770:comp.lang.perl.misc 6693:comp.lang.perl.misc 6681:Schwartz, Randal L. 6313:Library of Congress 5853:"The MacPerl Pages" 5427:1993lepe.book.....S 5413:Schwartz, Randal L. 5210:10.1038/nbt0302-221 4999:"Announcing Perl 7" 4921:on October 17, 2019 4510:on February 5, 2014 4206:(August 23, 2006), 3553:The Perl Foundation 3218:on February 2, 2015 2704:. www.nntp.perl.org 2682:. www.nntp.perl.org 2660:. www.nntp.perl.org 2415:). The use of Perl 2145:Windows Script Host 1991:is also performed. 1591:compiler directives 1548:regular expressions 1442:language primitives 1355:backward compatible 564:The Perl Foundation 450:network programming 422:. Perl is a highly 234:Filename extensions 95:First appeared 48: 7368:Randal L. Schwartz 6729:(March 31, 2005). 6599:pdfpremiumfree.com 6434:on October 8, 2020 6250:. Apress. p. 6187:Practical Mod_perl 5794:: 7–11. Fall 2008. 5774:"Rice's Theorem". 5589:"Perl 6 Compilers" 5451:on January 9, 2011 5162:10.3758/BF03209477 4833:on August 11, 2017 4745:on August 31, 2009 4559:. Blogs.perl.org. 4500:"Enlightened Perl" 4037:www.britannica.com 3580:"Republic Of Perl" 3494:. O'Reilly Media. 3482:Schwartz, Randal L 2596:Perl Data Language 2498:Randal L. Schwartz 2354:one-liner programs 2053:but also with the 1914:character encoding 1692:are a part of the 1645:Randal L. Schwartz 1617:reference counting 1593:(for example, the 1498:control structures 1363:use compat::perl5; 1236: 1167:support built-in. 1146:yada yada operator 533:, which is in the 435:regular expression 392:scripting language 8416: 8415: 8316:Trusted Computing 8306:Software security 8254: 8253: 7935:Operating systems 7843:Long-term support 7765: 7764: 7747:Non-English-based 7433: 7432: 7342:Intermediate Perl 6993:978-1-55860-701-9 6983:Higher Order Perl 6520:978-0-596-55280-0 6466:978-1-4493-1536-8 6409:978-1-56592-699-8 6261:978-1-4302-3114-1 6211:Ingerson, Brian. 6197:978-0-596-00227-5 6170:978-1-56592-567-0 6143:978-1-4493-0358-7 6111:on March 30, 2021 6019:on March 25, 2013 5919:on March 31, 2016 5798:Kegler, Jeffrey. 5665:"On Parsing Perl" 5030:www.nntp.perl.org 4812:978-1-68050-088-2 4690:. nntp.perl.org. 4121:. March 3, 2005. 4115:"A Plan for Pugs" 3906:978-0-596-00241-1 3627:978-1-58112-550-4 3529:on April 25, 2018 3501:978-0-596-00132-2 3306:"The joy of Perl" 3304:Leonard, Andrew. 3259:978-0-201-77423-8 3079:978-0-596-00027-1 2873:. Linux.die.net. 2385:to Perl scripts. 2195:YAPC::Europe 2005 2095:operating systems 1676:According to the 1609:memory management 1427:Zero One Infinity 1338:, are supported. 1043: 1042: 1039: 723:Microsoft Windows 355: 354: 185:Typing discipline 16:(Redirected from 8521: 8406: 8405: 8396: 8301:Software patents 8184: 8096:Creative Commons 7955:Web applications 7792: 7785: 7778: 7769: 7755: 7754: 7727: 7726: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7437: 7332:Programming Perl 7173:Template Toolkit 7047: 7040: 7033: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7011:Official website 6997: 6952:Programming Perl 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6873: 6862: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6731:"Canonical JAPH" 6727:Schwartz, Randal 6723: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6622:(May 22, 2014). 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6430:. 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Archived from 3208: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3008: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2945:. dev.perl.org. 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2904: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2784:. dev.perl.org. 2782:"Perl Licensing" 2778: 2769: 2756: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2723: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2627: 2585: 2580: 2579: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2533:The Perl Journal 2431: 2220:, via Microsoft 2087:Artistic License 2066:functional tests 2027: 1985:constant folding 1981:walking the tree 1971: 1967: 1889: 1885: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1694:English language 1672: 1625:type conversions 1596: 1558:is the implicit 1533:operating system 1526: 1522: 1476:in nature, with 1457:Programming Perl 1424: 1364: 1252:Programming Perl 1143: 1119:switch statement 1037: 1036: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1004: 997: 986: 975: 964: 953: 942: 931: 920: 909: 898: 887: 876: 865: 854: 843: 832: 821: 810: 799: 788: 777: 764: 751: 747: 633:Programming Perl 541:Programming Perl 500: 488: 347:Perl Programming 345: 250: 174: 172: 167: 149: 147: 142: 136: 134: 129: 108: 106: 101: 74:Designed by 56: 49: 21: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8384: 8351:Open-core model 8326: 8320: 8250: 8188: 8182: 8052: 8029: 7991: 7874: 7867: 7801: 7796: 7766: 7761: 7715: 7492: 7469: 7464: 7434: 7429: 7407: 7351: 7320: 7282: 7254:Request Tracker 7177: 7109: 7073:Perl Foundation 7056: 7051: 7009: 7008: 7005: 6994: 6979: 6946:Wayback Machine 6923: 6921:Further reading 6918: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6860: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6725: 6724: 6720: 6710: 6708: 6683:(May 2, 1999). 6679: 6678: 6674: 6663: 6661: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6491: 6489: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6378: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6347: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6303: 6299: 6289: 6287: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6210: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6144: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6053:on May 17, 2013 6037: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6007: 6006: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5974:Activestate.com 5967: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5797: 5788:The Perl Review 5785: 5776:The Perl Review 5773: 5772: 5768: 5758: 5756: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5724: 5722: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5546: 5544: 5531: 5530: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5510:on July 1, 2013 5502: 5501: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5454: 5452: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5411: 5410: 5403: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5358: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5267: 5265: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5124:. 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Kuhn 1257:Thesis work by 1240:Perl Conference 1225: 1219: 1217:Perl 6 and Raku 1141: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1000: 999: 984: 973: 962: 951: 940: 929: 918: 907: 896: 885: 874: 863: 852: 841: 830: 819: 808: 797: 786: 775: 762: 749: 745: 625: 619: 593: 588: 549:dromedary camel 543:, published by 529:and Wall's own 508: 507: 506: 505: 504: 501: 493: 492: 489: 478: 464:that holds the 366:general-purpose 246: 175: 170: 168: 165: 159:Preview release 153: 152: 145: 143: 140: 132: 130: 127: 104: 102: 99: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8527: 8525: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8421: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8400: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8336: 8330: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8262: 8260: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8192: 8190: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8062: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8039: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8001: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7888:Bioinformatics 7885: 7879: 7877: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7809: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7772: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7503: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7440: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7420: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7378:Allison Randal 7375: 7370: 7365: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7296: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7070: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7004: 7003:External links 7001: 7000: 6999: 6992: 6977: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6936: 6933:Beginning Perl 6930: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6885: 6848: 6822: 6795: 6752: 6718: 6672: 6641: 6611: 6586: 6556: 6526: 6519: 6499: 6480:Bekman, Stas. 6472: 6465: 6445: 6415: 6408: 6388: 6358: 6329: 6317: 6297: 6267: 6260: 6234: 6203: 6196: 6176: 6169: 6149: 6142: 6122: 6091: 6064: 6030: 6000: 5991: 5960: 5930: 5900: 5870: 5844: 5817: 5766: 5735: 5710: 5698:O'Reilly Media 5682: 5652: 5627: 5606: 5580: 5554: 5521: 5492: 5462: 5432: 5401: 5382: 5363: 5357:978-8121927635 5356: 5338: 5308: 5275: 5249: 5231: 5184: 5155:(4): 605–609. 5135: 5108: 5096:blogs.perl.org 5082: 5054: 5016: 4987: 4958: 4943:. GitHub.com. 4932: 4906: 4875: 4844: 4818: 4811: 4788: 4756: 4730: 4705: 4678: 4652: 4626: 4611:. GitHub.com. 4600: 4583:"p2 on potion" 4574: 4547: 4521: 4491: 4472: 4453: 4434: 4404: 4374: 4346: 4316: 4286: 4256: 4226: 4204:Vincent, Jesse 4195: 4167: 4136: 4119:O'Reilly Media 4106: 4076: 4049: 4024: 3994: 3964: 3942: 3912: 3905: 3897:O'Reilly Media 3881: 3848: 3818: 3806:Britannica.com 3793: 3760: 3734: 3709: 3684: 3672:Opensource.com 3658: 3642:"Perl Culture" 3633: 3626: 3601: 3570: 3559:on May 3, 2011 3540: 3523:O'Reilly Media 3507: 3500: 3470: 3436: 3426:978-1449313142 3425: 3392: 3359: 3329: 3296: 3279:O'Reilly Media 3265: 3258: 3232: 3203: 3174: 3145: 3115: 3085: 3078: 3070:O'Reilly Media 3046: 3026:"Path to Raku" 3017: 2988: 2960: 2933: 2888: 2862: 2831: 2799: 2770: 2748: 2715: 2693: 2671: 2649: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2572: 2556: 2553: 2478: 2475: 2459:web frameworks 2337:distribution. 2248: 2245: 2183: 2180: 2118:classic Mac OS 2078: 2075: 2055:undecidability 2047:auto-indenters 1896: 1895:Implementation 1893: 1882: 1867:"\n" 1727: 1711: 1636: 1633: 1607:and automatic 1531:, and calling 1515:directly into 1469: 1466: 1464:consistency." 1438:Huffman coding 1415:dynamic typing 1385: 1382: 1377:Main article: 1374: 1371: 1343: 1340: 1318: 1317: 1307: 1221:Main article: 1218: 1215: 1209:by goccy, and 1099:began work on 1041: 1040: 1035:Future release 998: 994: 993: 990: 981: 980: 977: 970: 969: 966: 959: 958: 955: 948: 947: 944: 937: 936: 933: 926: 925: 922: 915: 914: 911: 904: 903: 900: 893: 892: 889: 882: 881: 878: 871: 870: 867: 860: 859: 856: 849: 848: 845: 838: 837: 834: 827: 826: 823: 816: 815: 812: 805: 804: 801: 794: 793: 790: 783: 782: 779: 772: 771: 770:Latest update 768: 767:Major version 761: 758: 621:Main article: 618: 615: 592: 591:Early versions 589: 587: 584: 557:non-commercial 545:O'Reilly Media 502: 495: 494: 490: 483: 482: 481: 480: 479: 477: 476:Name and logos 474: 454:bioinformatics 353: 352: 351: 350: 336: 335: 293: 292: 288: 287: 257: 256: 252: 251: 244: 240: 239: 236: 230: 229: 219: 213: 212: 210:Cross-platform 207: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 187: 181: 180: 177: 176: 163: 161: 155: 154: 151: 150: 137: 123: 122: 120: 118:Stable release 114: 113: 110: 109: 96: 92: 91: 88: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 67:Multi-paradigm 64: 58: 57: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8526: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8409: 8401: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8390: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8379:Revolution OS 8376: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8340:GNU Manifesto 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8247: 8246:Public domain 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8055: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8035:Organisations 8032: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7930:Office suites 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7828:Free software 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7793: 7788: 7786: 7781: 7779: 7774: 7773: 7770: 7758: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7722: 7721: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7642:Object Pascal 7640: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7461: 7456: 7454: 7449: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7410: 7404: 7403:Jesse Vincent 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7388:Sean M. Burke 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7373:Damian Conway 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7337:Learning Perl 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7048: 7043: 7041: 7036: 7034: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7018: 7012: 7007: 7006: 7002: 6995: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6974:0-596-00313-7 6971: 6967: 6966: 6965:Perl Cookbook 6962: 6959: 6956: 6953: 6950: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6927:Learning Perl 6925: 6924: 6920: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6894:"Perl Poetry" 6889: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6849: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6823: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6796: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6756: 6753: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6719: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6676: 6673: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6612: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6503: 6500: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6473: 6468: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6449: 6446: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6392: 6389: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6271: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6247: 6238: 6235: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6204: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6180: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6153: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6133:Learning Perl 6126: 6123: 6115:September 16, 6110: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6092: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6065: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6004: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5961: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5931: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5818: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5767: 5759:September 16, 5754: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5736: 5732: 5721: 5714: 5711: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5653: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5555: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5418:Learning Perl 5414: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5386: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5364: 5359: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5339: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5290:Linux Journal 5286: 5279: 5276: 5264: 5260: 5257:Wall, Larry. 5253: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5136: 5123: 5119: 5112: 5109: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5083: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5017: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4951:September 21, 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4907: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4876: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4845: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4693: 4689: 4682: 4679: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4640: 4637:. RPerl.org. 4636: 4630: 4627: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4548: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4514:September 28, 4509: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4435: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4171: 4168: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4137: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4064: 4060: 4057:Wall, Larry. 4053: 4050: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3952: 3951:"Perl Source" 3946: 3943: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3885: 3882: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3819: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3710: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3659: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3629: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3571: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3412: 3411:Learning Perl 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3374:Linux Journal 3370: 3363: 3360: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3297: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2977: 2976:Linux Journal 2973: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2934: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2413:here document 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2342:glue language 2338: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2318:, in lieu of 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284:Priceline.com 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2216:development. 2215: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2153:Visual Studio 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083:dual licensed 2076: 2074: 2072: 2071:software bugs 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1941:naming scheme 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1901:specification 1894: 1880: 1878: 1725: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1650:Learning Perl 1646: 1642: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1592: 1589:, along with 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1420: 1419:introspection 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1383: 1380: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1156:support, and 1155: 1151: 1147: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1023: 1003: 995: 991: 989: 982: 978: 971: 967: 960: 956: 949: 945: 938: 934: 927: 923: 916: 912: 905: 901: 894: 890: 883: 879: 872: 868: 861: 857: 850: 846: 839: 835: 828: 824: 817: 813: 806: 802: 795: 791: 784: 780: 773: 769: 766: 765: 759: 757: 755: 748:modules, the 743: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 655: 653: 650: 649:perl5-porters 646: 641: 638: 634: 630: 624: 616: 614: 612: 607: 605: 601: 597: 590: 585: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 517: 513: 499: 487: 475: 473: 471: 470:glue language 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 440: 436: 432: 431:CGI scripting 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 398: 393: 390: 386: 381: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 348: 344: 340: 339: 337: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 289: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 255:Influenced by 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 220: 218: 214: 211: 208: 206: 202: 199: 196: 192: 188: 186: 182: 178: 162: 160: 156: 138: 125: 124: 121: 119: 115: 111: 97: 93: 89: 87: 83: 80: 77: 75: 71: 68: 65: 63: 59: 55: 50: 44: 40: 33: 19: 8377: 8370: 8338: 8221:Free license 7967:Android apps 7742:Generational 7732:Alphabetical 7728: 7708: 7648: 7533:Visual Basic 7422: 7415: 7259:SpamAssassin 7239:Movable Type 7078:Perl Mongers 7053: 6982: 6963: 6906:. Retrieved 6888: 6876:. Retrieved 6869:the original 6864: 6851: 6841:November 26, 6839:. Retrieved 6835:the original 6825: 6813:. Retrieved 6803:Back, Adam. 6798: 6786:. Retrieved 6755: 6743:. Retrieved 6721: 6709:. Retrieved 6675: 6662:. Retrieved 6644: 6632:. Retrieved 6614: 6602:. Retrieved 6598: 6589: 6577:. Retrieved 6569:metacpan.org 6568: 6559: 6547:. Retrieved 6539:metacpan.org 6538: 6529: 6509: 6502: 6492:September 1, 6490:. Retrieved 6475: 6455: 6448: 6436:. Retrieved 6432:the original 6427: 6418: 6398: 6391: 6381:December 30, 6379:. Retrieved 6370: 6361: 6353: 6346:. Retrieved 6332: 6320: 6315:Web Archives 6300: 6290:February 12, 6288:. Retrieved 6279: 6270: 6245: 6237: 6225:. Retrieved 6221:the original 6206: 6186: 6179: 6159: 6152: 6132: 6125: 6113:. Retrieved 6109:the original 6094: 6082:. Retrieved 6076:. O'Reilly. 6067: 6055:. Retrieved 6051:the original 6042: 6033: 6021:. Retrieved 6017:the original 6003: 5994: 5982:. Retrieved 5973: 5963: 5951:. Retrieved 5933: 5921:. 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