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TRS-80 Model 100

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887:, had greater expansion capacity due to its built-in cartridge slots. It had a far more sophisticated operating system called OZ that could run multiple applications in a task-switched environment. The firmware contained a powerful application called Pipedream that was a spreadsheet that could also serve capably as a word processor and database. In comparison, the Tandy WP-2 was regarded in one review as "easier to use and sturdier than the Z88" with a "proper keyboard" as opposed to the Z88's "rubber membrane keyboard". Moreover, the WP-2 also included a 100,000-word spellchecking dictionary and 200,000-word thesaurus, making the Tandy product more compelling as a dedicated word processor. The other British computers were the 700:
software than the supplied programs. To this day, hobbyists continue to design games, applications, and hardware for this device. Simple drawing programs and games using the pixel-addressable display were favorites among users. As with virtually all other contemporary home computers, users are able to create their own applications using the included BASIC programming language. There are no built-in facilities for 8085 assembler programming, but the thoroughly-documented BASIC interpreter by Microsoft offered the clever coder tricks for accessing machine code subroutines. These tricks usually involved packing the raw object code into strings or integer arrays, and would be familiar to veteran programmers for the older
744:, introduced in October 1985. Similar to the Tandy 200, it features a flip-up screen, but with 80 columns rather than 40. Built-in features include a 3.5" diskette drive, rechargeable batteries, and 32K of RAM expandable to 224K. The underlying software platform was Microsoft's 16-bit Hand Held Operating System (Handheld DOS or HHDOS), along with word processing, calendar, database, communication and spreadsheet software. Unlike earlier models, BASIC was an extra-cost option rather than built in. 2338: 29: 295: 2868: 2858: 2607: 2182: 820: 713: 2176: 2619: 921:
its power relative to size and price and noting that he wrote the review "at the lofty height of 37,500 feet aboard a United DC-10". He concluded, "I'm not used to giving Radio Shack kudos, but the Model 100 is a brave, imaginative, useful addition to the realm of microcomputerdom" and "a leading contender for
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in 1993 equipped with 64 KB of RAM. The WP-2 provided serial and parallel interfaces, a cassette recorder port, an expansion card slot for 32 KB of non-volatile RAM, and an internal 32 KB RAM expansion slot. A disk drive was also available, connected via the serial port. In 1993, Tandy
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was introduced in 1984 as a more capable sister product of the Model 100. The Tandy 200 has a flip-up 16 line by 40 column display and came with 24 KB RAM which can be expanded to 72 KB (3 banks of 24 KB). Rather than the "button" style keys of the Model 100, its four arrow keys are a
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This is similar to other Microsoft BASICs of the time and includes good support for the hardware features of the machine: pixel addressing of the display, support for the internal modem and serial port, monophonic sound, access to tape and RAM files, support for the real-time clock and the bar code
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columnist later claimed that "it was only journalists" who had been buying it. The system's popularity with journalists, however, probably helped Radio Shack improve the company's poor reputation with the press and in the industry. The magazine's reviewer called the computer "remarkable", praising
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Third-party peripherals for the Model 100 extended its battery life and file storage capacity. Software was designed, and is still available, to extend the display capabilities (to 60 columns and 10 rows of text using smaller characters) and to provide more advanced word-processing or calculation
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The Model 100 was also used for industrial applications and in science laboratories as a programming terminal for configuration of control systems and instruments. Its compactness (ease of handling and small space requirements), low maintenance needs, lack of air vents (a plus for dusty or dirty
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Since the century of the date is not important for any of the software functions, and the real-time clock hardware in the Model 100 does not have a calendar and requires the day of the week to be set independently of the date, the flaw does not at all impair the usability of the computer; it is
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in 1983 described the Model 100 as "an amazing machine". While noting the lack of mass storage, the reviewer praised "one of the nicest keyboards I've used on any machine, large or small" and the "equally impressive" built-in software, and concluded "the designers of this machine ... should be
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When introduced, the portability and simplicity of the Model 100 made it attractive to journalists, who could type about 11 pages of text (if upgraded to the maximum of 32 KB RAM) and then transmit it for electronic editing and production using the built-in modem and TELCOM program.
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command interface. The supported commands were the cursor movement and character deletion <Control><alpha> key combinations on the left hand side of the keyboard; the commands for activating Wordstar menus, like the <Ctrl><K> Block menu, were not functional.
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Also, Tandy/Radio Shack offered a first of it's kind Bar Code Reader Wand, which was appreciated by many types of industries for a number of reasons, including accounting for, tracking and ordering inventory with a simple swipe of the pen attached to a notebook computer.
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And, with the built-in TELCOM firmware, the Model 100 was an incredibly convenient option for journalists and other professionals to work on the go for the first time and simply transfer files globally with the ease of saving their work on their external storage.
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that weighed about one pound less than the Model 100. This reduction in size and weight was made possible by the substitution of surface-mount chip packaging. Standard memory for the Model 102, 24K RAM, was upgradable to 32K with an ordinary 8K SRAM chip.
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in 1984 described the 100 in the magazine as "the first useful portable computer", listing its screen, keyboard, and software as why it was "a breakthrough". The magazine later stated that "Tandy practically invented the laptop computer".
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This TPDD drive used the same DOS 1.0 format, which introduced the FAT (File Allocation Table) file system that was shared with IBM PC computer's at the time, which made it a extremely desired by businesses and government organizations.
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of 1982 used a much smaller LCD display, four lines of twenty characters, and had an internal cassette tape drive for program and file storage. There were several other "calculator-style" computers available at the time, including the
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can be installed in the Model 100, providing a range of customized application software. Only one optional ROM can be installed at a time. Some commercial software applications for the Model 100 were also distributed on cassette.
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In fact, it was common knowledge that the Model 100 was originally used extensively on the NASA space shuttle and was for many years, as NASA frequently showed video at the time of astronauts posing with them on the evening news.
692:) battery when the AA batteries discharge or are removed for replacement. There are several simple programs available on the Internet for transferring files between a Model 100 and a modern personal computer (or a vintage one). 614:. This was due partly to the slow 8085 CPU and due partly to the slow response time of the LCD screen. Often after speed-typing a sentence or two, the user would have to wait several seconds for the computer to "catch up". 687:
under the keys. The computer is otherwise silent when it operates, except for the speaker, and runs for 20 hours on 4 readily available and easily replaceable AA batteries. Data is protected by a built-in rechargeable
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in the system RAM named "Hayashi" and "Suzuki" commemorate the names of designers Junji Hayashi and Jay Suzuki. Another invisible deleted file named "RickY" refers to Rick Yamashita. The Model 100 firmware was the last
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But, reguardless of the number of drives or color of the screen used, the DVI allowed the Model 100 to display 40 or 80 column video on an external television set or video monitor via a single RCA video connector.
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The display hardware is pure graphics; character display is generated by software, and the 8x40 character format is a characteristic of the standard ROM software (which, incidentally, is socketed and replaceable).
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The Olivetti M10, NEC PC-8201 and NEC PC-8300 were built on the same platform as the original Kyocera design, although the Olivetti M10 had a display that could be tilted towards the user. The earlier and smaller
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Dana and the Quickpad Pro bear some resemblance to the physical format of the TRS-80 Model 100. In Japan, Pomera still makes and sells dedicated word processors under model names Pomera DM100, Pomera DM200 etc.
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This was a game changer for companies that came to appreciate the ease and speed this little notebook computer offered them more accurate inventory control while greatly decreasing the cost of labor.
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developed personally, along with Suzuki. According to Gates, "part of my nostalgia about this machine is this was the last machine where I wrote a very high percentage of the code in the product".
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NADSBox - New Age Digital Storage Box - Interfaces an SD media card using the Tandy TPDD drive protocol for portable storage and easy file transfers to a desktop computer using industry-standard
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2) Thru the acoustic coupler, which were basically suction cups that worked perfectly on pay phone hand recievers and served the same function as the aforementioned RJ-25 connector option.
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The monitors used with the DVI were typically in monochrome due to the more desirable and less stressful to the human eye amber screen still being considerably more expensive at the time.
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In short, the Radio Shack Model 100 showed the world what a light and small notebook computer could do, which eventually led to the laptop computers that we are all still using today.
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magazine selected the Kyocera portable computer (including the Tandy, NEC and Olivetti models) as the best personal computer in its 1983 "Personal Computer of the Year" awards.
2067: 328:. Machines with less than 32 KB can be expanded in 8 KB increments of plug-in static RAM modules. An additional 32 KB Option ROM can be installed, for a total of 64 KB of ROM ( 228:
introduced in April 1983. It was the first commercially successful notebook computer, as well as one of the first notebook computers ever released. It features a keyboard and
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said that the Model 100 was "the clear winner" in the category of notebook portables under $ 1000 for 1984, although cautioning that "the 8K version is practically useless".
232:, in a battery-powered package roughly the size and shape of a notepad or large book. The 224-page, spiral-bound User Manual is nearly the same size as the computer itself. 1028: 725:
cluster of keys of the same size and shape as those comprising the keyboard, though the function and command "keys" are still of the button type. The Tandy 200 includes
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Added applications and data files are stored in the internal battery-backed RAM; these can be loaded from and stored to an audio cassette tape recorder or external
592:, TELCOM; an address/phone book organizer, ADDRSS; a to-do list organizer, SCHEDL; and a simple text editor, TEXT. The TELCOM program allows automation of a 512:
The custom ordered dual drive DVI was so rare that The Smithsonian Museum hasn't even got one on display, instead having to settle for the single drive DVI.
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This TPDD2 was labeled as being for the Radio Shack Model 100 and Tandy 102/200 and could store 200 KB on the same 3-1/2" floppy as the previous drive.
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The keyboard is full-size and uses a standard (QWERTY) layout; reviewers praised it but reported that it was noisy. To quiet the computer, owners put
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with a serial port to emulate a Tandy TPDD drive, providing affordable, compact, and portable storage that is easily synced to a desktop computer
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and affiliated dealers in other countries. It became one of the company's most popular models, with over 6 million units sold worldwide. The
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Cursor keys are used to navigate the menu and select one of the internal or added application programs, or any data file to be worked upon.
737:. On a phone line that doesn't support pulse dialing, users may dial manually using a touch-tone phone and then put the Model 100 online. 472:
The Model 100's original form of external storage was the port for a cassette audiotape recorder that would lay alongside the Model 100.
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The TPDD was introduced in 1983 and was an industry standard RS-232 serial port connected device capable of storing 100 KB of data
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PCSG's SupeROM - WriteROM word processor; FORM spreadsheet input template; LUCID spreadsheet; Database (relational); Thought outliner.
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and (2) HD44103CH row driver ICs; the HD44102CH's provide the programmable hardware interface to software. The refresh rate is about
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Another popular feature of the Model 100 was it's generous options to share files locally or globally via standard telephone lines.
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Most people just use 19xx again instead of 20xx, which the Model 100 can't handle, where 1924 would be used for 2024 in real life.
956:. It concluded that the computer "is an ingenious, capable device ... an exciting example of the new wave of portable computers". 1036: 506:
The DVI, which could be bought at local Radio Shack stores with 1 single-sided double-density (SS/DD) 180 KB 5-1/4" disk drive.
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1) The built-in Hayes compatible 300 baud direct connect modem connected to a telephone line via a standard RJ-25 connector.
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Computers from two other British companies were similar in form and functionality to the Model 100 and its successors. The
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Systems of about the same size and form-factor as the Model 100, aimed at journalists, were sold by companies such as
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But, you could also place a special order thru Radio Shack to have your DVI built with 2 SS/DD 5-1/4" disk drives.
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Tandy also released similar word processing portables for the education market based on a Z80-compatible CPU: the
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The Model 100 was promoted as being able to run up to 20 hours and maintain memory up to 30 days on a set of four
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environments), full complement of ports, and easy portability made it very well suited for these applications.
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educational computer is in the same size and form factor as the Model 100, and was sold by Video Technology.
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Power supply: Four penlight (AA) cells, or external power adapter 6V (>180 mA, tip negative configuration)
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in 1989 equipped with 32 KB of RAM and 256 KB of ROM containing the application software, and the
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operating system in 768 KB of RAM, utilising two built-in 3.5" floppy drives. This model resembled the
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But, much to the joy of Model 100 owners, there was a second version released late in 1984, known as the
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ReMem - replaces all the memory in the laptop, allowing the use of 4MB of flash ROM and 2MB of SRAM
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Later portables from Tandy no longer featured a ROM-based software environment, starting with the
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A perhaps not well-known but documented feature of TEXT was that it partially supported the
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available at the time, but a hardware modification was available that made this possible.
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Also available was the Disk/Video Interface (DVI), which was also released in late 1984.
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platform, with some design and hardware differences. It was originally marketed as a
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adapter cable if transferring between computers that were right beside each other.
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Eventually, the instantly popular alternative to the cassette tape drives were the
387: 352: 390:(without phantom keys appearing depressed), so multi-key combinations can be used. 247:. Although a slow seller for Kyocera, the rights to the machine were purchased by 1914: 2531: 2279: 2269: 2264: 2214: 2204: 944: 829: 712: 641: 610:
The Model 100 TEXT editor was noticeably slow in execution, especially for fast
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Stan Wszola, "NEC PC 8201 Portable Computer", BYTE magazine June 1983, pg. 282
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2.0, PC link and personal information management software, also featuring two
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Title and author obtained via Google translation from the original Japanese.
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reader, and I/O redirection between the machine's various logical devices.
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TRS-80 Model 100 Owner's Manual, (1983) Tandy Corporation, Fort Worth Texas
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with a "clamshell" design and had a screen supporting a textual display of
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Tandy stated that the Model 100's sales "have only been moderate", and an
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tone dialing for the internal modem, whereas the Model 100 only supports
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serial communication port (sharing serial I/O chip with internal modem),
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s Hardware Product of the Year for 1983", an award which it indeed won.
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respectively in late 1983, which similarly targeted mobile computing.
803:-compatible CPU and having 1 MB of RAM, bundled with MS-DOS 5.0, 740:
The last new model that could be considered part of this line was the
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sequence to a remote system under control of the BASIC interpreter.
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Malloy, Rich; Vose, G. Michael; Stewart, George A. (October 1987).
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Four penlight (AA) cells, or external power adapter 6V (>180 mA)
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read-only memory of the Model 100 contains the N82 version of the
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The internals of the TRS-80 Model 100. The left half is the back.
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BYTE Magazine April 1984, advertisement for Disk-Video Interface
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TRS-80 and Tandy-branded computers, clones and related systems
1246:"Little Big Computer / The TRS-80 Model 100 Portable Computer" 340: 271: 158: 1996:"Little Big Computer: The TRS 80 Model 100 Portable Computer" 1098:
Sharp's 25-line display for lap models due out soon, Tom Shay
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pixels, with eight intensity levels achieved using a form of
1742:(3). Times Mirror Magazines: 76–81 – via Google Books. 1304:
National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
1466:"Tandy's Model 600, 80 Micro magazine, March 1986, page 28" 2352: 1187:
Tandy Portable Disk Drive (PDD1 and PDD2)Command Reference
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REX - memory subsystem that fits in the option ROM socket
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Projects and products for 8-bit 'True Portable' laptops
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Kennedy, Maev; Holborn, Margaret (September 21, 2012).
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laptop in a similar form factor to the Model 200. Both
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Tandy 200 RAM Module - adds 2 banks of 24kb to a T200
184:, 4 dedicated command keys, and 4 cursor control keys 1974:"Tandy TRS 80 Models, Portable Computers & more" 351:
addressable graphics. The screen is reflective, not
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BYTE Magazine May 1985, advertisement for Model 200
1350: 1348: 1346: 1029:"A 35th-anniversary salute to Radio Shack's TRS-80" 393:Peripherals: The basic unit includes: Built-in 300 207: 196: 188: 176: 164: 153: 141: 122: 112: 104: 86: 68: 53: 35: 1777: 1775: 1595: 1593: 382:layout with full standard spacing, 8 programmable 486:on a 3.5" single-sided double-density diskette. 1915:"Personal Computer of the Year: Three of a kind" 1840:"TRS-80 Model 100, battery-run, briefcase micro" 656:bug; the century displayed on the main menu was 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1206:"Radio Shack Computer Catalog RSC-17B, page 42" 872:and MicroOffice released the WorkSlate and the 1409:"Radio Shack Computer Catalog RSC-15, page 51" 1139:"Radio Shack Computer Catalog RSC-15, page 50" 1051:"Radio Shack Computer Catalog RSC-10, page 59" 332:in a 32 KB aperture), and the Standard ROM is 211:About 1.4 kg (3.1 lb) with batteries 2651: 2368: 2061: 1541: 1539: 747:The last refresh to the product line was the 428:(under a cover on the bottom of the machine). 8: 2035:"TRS-80 Tandy Model 200, 360 degree model", 1972:Tandy/Radio Shack Computer Catalog Archive, 1889:"The TRS-80 Model 100: Never An Idle Moment" 1520:. DigitalDinos. May 26, 2008. Archived from 607:locations were collected by avid hobbyists. 336:(not soldered-in) so is readily replaceable. 21: 2013:TRS 80 Mod. 100 in 1984 Radio Shack catalog 1620:. Tandy Corporation. 1987. pp. 143–145 1306:(Interview). Interviewed by David Allison. 883:of 1987, developed by British inventor Sir 729:, a spreadsheet application. It also added 2756: 2658: 2644: 2636: 2471: 2396: 2375: 2361: 2353: 2180: 2174: 2068: 2054: 2046: 1617:WP-2 Portable Wordprocessor Owner's Manual 534:3) The RS-232 serial port connected to a 27: 20: 1548:"The Tandy Anniversary Product Explosion" 894:The electronic word processing keyboards 775:characters and a graphical resolution of 716:A Tandy 102 portable and Tandy 200 laptop 460:. It could not run from the rechargeable 1035:. Warner Bros. Discovery. Archived from 1813:"The Chiclet Rule and the Green Dragon" 1119:from the original on September 27, 2007 1115:. Tandy Corporation. 1984. p. 59. 1019: 2908:Computer-related introductions in 1983 815:Similar computers from other companies 433:300 mm × 215 mm × 50 mm 2028:Oldcomputers.net page on Kyotronic 85 1998:, BYTE magazine, May 1983 pg. 14 - 34 1707:from the original on January 20, 2011 1641:"Portable computers, a buyers' guide" 1419:from the original on November 7, 2013 1109:"The Micro Executive Workstation(TM)" 7: 2618: 1760:. September 15, 1990. pp. 14–15 1600:"Mitac and Tandy do palmtop deals". 1216:from the original on October 3, 2014 1168:Portable Disk Drive Operation Manual 1149:from the original on October 3, 2014 118:Custom dedicated runtime in firmware 100: (equivalent to $ 4,300 in 2023) 94: (equivalent to $ 3,400 in 2023) 16:Portable computer introduced in 1983 1677:from the original on March 25, 2024 1492:"Tandy advertisement for Model 600" 1057:. Tandy/Radio Shack. Archived from 1027:McCracken, Harry (August 6, 2012). 948:criticized the Model 100 display's 409:-compatible parallel printer port, 363:: (10) HD44102CH column controller 1575:Tandy® WP-2 Portable Wordprocessor 1310:from the original on April 2, 2013 1273:"The Bill Gates I Know, Volume 12" 347:(gray) monochrome, with 240 by 64 180:Keyboard: 56 keys, 8 programmable 14: 2161:Tandy 10 Business Computer System 1949:from the original on May 12, 2019 1726:McComb, Gordon (September 1984). 1464:Dixon, Bradford N. (March 1986). 1271:Akira Kogawa (October 28, 2005). 603:of the era, a vast collection of 442:The 8K and 24K versions sold for 2867: 2866: 2857: 2856: 2617: 2606: 2605: 2337: 2336: 1811:Strehlo, Kevin (June 17, 1985). 1784:"Radio Shack Polishes Its Image" 1782:Bartimo, Jim (August 20, 1984). 1667:"14 notebook computers in brief" 999:-formatted Secure Digital cards. 424:Expansion: System bus interface 417:input, cassette audio tape I/O, 339:Display: 8 lines, 40 characters 251:. The computer was sold through 1868:; Winer, Peter (January 1984). 1518:"The Tandy 600 FAQ - Version 3" 1177:, Cat. No. 26-3808, 1985, TANDY 891:and NC200, produced from 1992. 2324:Tandy Video Information System 1355:Robinson, Dan (May 13, 1985). 1005:Soigeneris Backpack - a small 1: 1923:. April 1984. pp. 39–41. 1838:Hogan, Thom (June 27, 1983). 1639:Aartsen, Menno (March 1984). 763:, which ran a diskette-based 585:numbers is double-precision. 359:. The LCD controllers are by 1887:Sandler, Corey (June 1983). 1413:Radio Shack Catalogs dot com 1357:"Making a Good Thing Better" 1210:Radio Shack Catalogs dot com 1143:Radio Shack Catalogs dot com 1055:Radio Shack Catalogs dot com 852:, as the Teleram T-3000 and 284:Micro Executive Work Station 278:were also built on the same 1330:Computer-assisted reporting 1094:September 27, 2023, at the 405:(North American versions), 2924: 1939:"Top 12 computers of 1984" 1732:guide to 75 new portables" 371:(coarsely regulated by an 2852: 2601: 2332: 2172: 2018:The Model 100 Users Group 1754:"The Best Budget Laptop?" 1604:. July 1993. p. 199. 1578:. Tandy Corporation. 1989 1244:Malloy, Rich (May 1983). 477:Tandy Portable Disk Drive 355:. The screen was made by 239:, and originally sold in 26: 1979:August 16, 2022, at the 1498:. Tandy Corp. March 1986 1445:. Tandy Corp. April 1985 1192:August 24, 2017, at the 1173:August 24, 2017, at the 1113:Radio Shack 1984 Catalog 685:orthodontic rubber bands 664:exist for this problem. 652:The Model 100 ROM has a 588:The ROM also contains a 577:Like previous Microsoft 462:nickel-cadmium batteries 2583:Kyocera Inamori Classic 2041:(museum), April 6, 2017 1701:www.vintagecomputer.net 1602:Personal Computer World 870:Convergent Technologies 799:pocket PC, based on an 702:TRS-80 Models I and III 157:8 lines, 40 characters 2893:NEC personal computers 2862:NEC personal computers 2412:Kyocera Communications 2298:Tandy Graphics Adapter 1671:www.atarimagazines.com 1300:"Bill Gates Interview" 1089:InfoWorld Jan 23, 1984 824: 781:pulse-width modulation 717: 570:programming language. 324:; 8, 16, 24, or 32 KB 299: 230:liquid-crystal display 74:; 41 years ago 2113:Tandy Pocket Computer 2108:TRS-80 Color Computer 2038:Vintage Laptop Museum 1792:. IDG. pp. 47–52 1415:. Tandy/Radio Shack. 1212:. Tandy/Radio Shack. 1145:. Tandy/Radio Shack. 822: 715: 297: 1758:New Computer Express 974:Aftermarket products 708:Peers and successors 525:The 3 options were: 172:addressable graphics 2342:RadioShack template 1524:on October 13, 2008 1496:www.archive dot org 1472:. CW Communications 1470:www.archive dot org 1443:www.archive dot org 1061:on November 7, 2013 979:DLPilot - allows a 839:Compact Computer 40 795:also announced the 378:Keyboard: 56 keys, 72:April 26, 1983 23: 2872:NEC supercomputers 2675:Personal computers 2235:Mera-Elzab Meritum 1943:Creative Computing 1332:, Routledge, 1998 1039:on April 15, 2022. 967:Creative Computing 825: 769:IBM PC Convertible 718: 579:BASIC interpreters 568:Microsoft BASIC 80 300: 87:Introductory price 2880: 2879: 2848: 2847: 2828:SX-related topics 2819:SX-Aurora TSUBASA 2633: 2632: 2566: 2565: 2461: 2460: 2350: 2349: 2319:Tandy Corporation 2093:Model I & III 1937:(December 1984). 375:, not a crystal). 357:Sharp Electronics 303:Processor: 8-bit 249:Tandy Corporation 226:portable computer 215: 214: 58:Portable computer 2915: 2870: 2869: 2860: 2859: 2757: 2660: 2653: 2646: 2637: 2621: 2620: 2609: 2608: 2593:Yasuo Nishiguchi 2558:TRS-80 Model 100 2472: 2417:Kyocera Unimerco 2397: 2391:Subsidiaries and 2377: 2370: 2363: 2354: 2340: 2339: 2201:Original TRS-80 2184: 2178: 2150:TRS-80 Model 100 2070: 2063: 2056: 2047: 2042: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1846:. pp. 66–69 1835: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1779: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1647:. pp. 48–57 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1597: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1543: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1363:. pp. 46–47 1352: 1341: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1241: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1202: 1196: 1184: 1178: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1105: 1099: 1086: 1080: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1024: 937:congratulated". 927: 778: 774: 644:drive. Optional 590:terminal program 449: 445: 434: 370: 317: 219:TRS-80 Model 100 203: 114:Operating system 99: 93: 82: 80: 75: 31: 24: 22:TRS-80 Model 100 2923: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2844: 2840:Earth Simulator 2823: 2748: 2670: 2664: 2634: 2629: 2597: 2588:Kyocera Stadion 2562: 2536: 2467: 2457: 2426: 2407:AVX Corporation 2392: 2386: 2381: 2351: 2346: 2328: 2302: 2286: 2241:Color Computer 2195:related systems 2194: 2185: 2179: 2170: 2102:TRS-80 Model II 2079: 2074: 2034: 2009: 2004: 1981:Wayback Machine 1963: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1736:Popular Science 1725: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1581: 1579: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1501: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1475: 1473: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1422: 1420: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1354: 1353: 1344: 1328:Bruce Garrison 1327: 1323: 1313: 1311: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1278: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1243: 1242: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1194:Wayback Machine 1185: 1181: 1175:Wayback Machine 1166: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1122: 1120: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1096:Wayback Machine 1087: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1016: 976: 925: 912: 817: 805:Microsoft Works 776: 772: 710: 677: 626:Invisible files 470: 447: 443: 432: 419:real-time clock 368: 345:twisted nematic 316:2.4576 MHz 315: 292: 235:It was made by 201: 97: 95: 91: 78: 76: 73: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2921: 2919: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2885: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2864: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2754: 2753:Supercomputers 2750: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2719:PC-8800 series 2716: 2711: 2709:PC-8000 series 2706: 2704:PC-6600 series 2701: 2699:PC-6000 series 2696: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2662: 2655: 2648: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2615: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2365: 2357: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2344: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2198: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2110: 2105: 2099: 2097:TRS-80 Model 4 2094: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2065: 2058: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2032: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2008: 2007:External links 2005: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1926: 1906: 1879: 1857: 1830: 1803: 1771: 1745: 1718: 1688: 1658: 1631: 1607: 1589: 1565: 1535: 1509: 1483: 1456: 1430: 1400: 1374: 1342: 1321: 1287: 1263: 1227: 1197: 1179: 1160: 1130: 1100: 1081: 1072: 1042: 1018: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1003: 1000: 993: 990: 987: 984: 975: 972: 911: 908: 885:Clive Sinclair 864:of 1985 was a 816: 813: 709: 706: 676: 673: 601:home computers 599:As with other 583:floating point 469: 466: 450:respectively. 440: 439: 436: 429: 422: 415:barcode reader 391: 376: 337: 334:socket-mounted 320:Memory: 32 KB 318: 291: 290:Specifications 288: 255:stores in the 223:notebook-sized 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 178: 174: 173: 166: 162: 161: 155: 151: 150: 143: 139: 138: 126: 120: 119: 116: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 88: 84: 83: 70: 66: 65: 55: 51: 50: 37: 33: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2920: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2903:Early laptops 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2873: 2865: 2863: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2687:character set 2685: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2626: 2625: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2578:Kazuo Inamori 2576: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2502:Kyocera Hydro 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475:Mobile phones 2473: 2470: 2464: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2422:Triumph-Adler 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2385: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2343: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2276:TRS-80 MC-10 2275: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2177: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2156:Tandy 1400 LT 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1994:Rich Malloy, 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935:Ahl, David H. 1930: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1920:Your Computer 1916: 1910: 1907: 1895:. p. 195 1894: 1890: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1831: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1804: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1759: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1722: 1719: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1662: 1659: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1632: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1608: 1603: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1577: 1576: 1569: 1566: 1554:. p. 100 1553: 1549: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1457: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1401: 1389: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:0-8058-3021-9 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1288: 1275:(in Japanese) 1274: 1267: 1264: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1164: 1161: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1001: 998: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 978: 977: 973: 971: 969: 968: 963: 962: 961:Your Computer 957: 955: 951: 950:viewing angle 947: 946: 940: 935: 934: 929: 924: 919: 918: 909: 907: 905: 900: 897: 892: 890: 889:Amstrad NC100 886: 882: 881:Cambridge Z88 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 831: 821: 814: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 789: 784: 782: 770: 766: 762: 757: 754: 750: 745: 743: 738: 736: 735:pulse dialing 732: 728: 723: 714: 707: 705: 703: 697: 693: 691: 686: 681: 674: 672: 668: 665: 663: 659: 655: 650: 647: 643: 638: 636: 633:product that 632: 627: 623: 620: 615: 613: 612:touch typists 608: 606: 605:PEEK and POKE 602: 597: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 575: 571: 569: 565: 560: 557: 554: 551: 547: 543: 539: 537: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 496: 491: 487: 485: 480: 478: 473: 467: 465: 463: 459: 456: 451: 437: 430: 427: 423: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 389: 385: 384:function keys 381: 377: 374: 373:RC oscillator 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 335: 331: 330:bank-switched 327: 323: 319: 313: 309: 306: 302: 301: 296: 289: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 266: 262: 258: 257:United States 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 233: 231: 227: 224: 220: 210: 206: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 182:function keys 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 125: 121: 117: 115: 111: 107: 103: 96:24K versions 89: 85: 71: 67: 63: 59: 56: 52: 49: 45: 41: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 2713: 2622: 2610: 2557: 2522:Slider Sonic 2466:Products and 2291:Technologies 2260:CP 400 COLOR 2250:Dragon 32/64 2220:Colour Genie 2166:TRS-80 MC-10 2149: 2037: 1951:. Retrieved 1942: 1929: 1918: 1909: 1897:. Retrieved 1892: 1882: 1873: 1866:Winer, David 1860: 1848:. Retrieved 1843: 1833: 1821:. Retrieved 1816: 1806: 1796:February 28, 1794:. Retrieved 1787: 1762:. Retrieved 1757: 1748: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1721: 1709:. Retrieved 1700: 1691: 1679:. Retrieved 1670: 1661: 1649:. Retrieved 1644: 1634: 1622:. Retrieved 1616: 1610: 1601: 1580:. Retrieved 1574: 1568: 1556:. Retrieved 1551: 1528:February 22, 1526:. Retrieved 1522:the original 1512: 1500:. Retrieved 1495: 1486: 1474:. Retrieved 1469: 1459: 1447:. Retrieved 1442: 1433: 1421:. Retrieved 1412: 1403: 1391:. Retrieved 1388:The Guardian 1387: 1377: 1365:. Retrieved 1360: 1329: 1324: 1312:. Retrieved 1303: 1290: 1277:. Retrieved 1266: 1254:. Retrieved 1252:. p. 14 1249: 1218:. Retrieved 1209: 1200: 1182: 1163: 1151:. Retrieved 1142: 1133: 1121:. Retrieved 1112: 1103: 1084: 1075: 1063:. Retrieved 1059:the original 1054: 1045: 1037:the original 1032: 1022: 965: 959: 958: 943: 931: 930: 922: 915: 913: 901: 893: 878: 858:GRiD Compass 854:GRiD Systems 847: 837:FP-200, the 826: 797:Tandy PPC-10 796: 791: 787: 785: 761:Tandy 1400LT 758: 748: 746: 741: 739: 721: 719: 698: 694: 682: 678: 675:Applications 669: 666: 651: 639: 624: 616: 609: 598: 587: 576: 572: 561: 558: 555: 552: 548: 544: 540: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 494: 492: 488: 481: 476: 474: 471: 468:Data storage 458:AA batteries 452: 441: 431:Dimensions: 388:key rollover 283: 275: 274:PC-8201 and 267: 245:Kyotronic 85 244: 234: 218: 216: 149:– 32 KB 69:Release date 18: 2280:Matra Alice 2215:Video Genie 2205:Aster CT-80 2104:/12/16/6000 1899:October 21, 1893:PC Magazine 1850:January 31, 1819:. p. 8 1711:October 23, 1393:February 5, 1367:February 1, 1296:Gates, Bill 1256:October 19, 981:Palm OS PDA 945:PC Magazine 830:Epson HX-20 823:NEC PC-8201 753:form factor 662:Workarounds 660:as "19XX". 642:floppy disk 397:telephone ( 253:Radio Shack 202:215 x 50 mm 90:8K version 2898:RadioShack 2887:Categories 2553:Contax i4R 2314:RadioShack 2145:Tandy 3000 2140:Tandy 2000 2135:Tandy 1000 1340:, page 192 1279:January 8, 1123:January 8, 1014:References 939:Dave Winer 896:AlphaSmart 874:RoadRunner 862:Bondwell 2 843:Canon X-07 841:, and the 792:Tandy WP-3 788:Tandy WP-2 671:cosmetic. 658:hard-coded 635:Bill Gates 536:null modem 484:FM-encoded 426:DIP socket 407:Centronics 369:70 Hz 326:static RAM 197:Dimensions 168:240 by 64 105:Units sold 79:1983-04-26 2761:SX series 2739:UltraLite 2669:computers 1953:March 16, 1844:InfoWorld 1823:March 24, 1817:InfoWorld 1789:InfoWorld 1764:April 16, 1651:March 15, 1624:April 16, 1582:April 16, 1558:August 4, 1423:April 11, 1361:InfoWorld 1314:April 10, 1220:April 11, 1153:April 11, 1065:April 10, 923:InfoWorld 917:InfoWorld 910:Reception 856:, as the 777:640 x 200 749:Tandy 102 742:Tandy 600 727:Multiplan 722:Tandy 200 631:Microsoft 479:(TPDD). 448:US$ 1,399 444:US$ 1,099 128:2.4  108:6 million 98:US$ 1,399 92:US$ 1,099 48:Microsoft 36:Developer 2835:SUPER-UX 2729:ProSpeed 2612:Category 2548:Contax G 2468:services 2307:See also 2265:Color 64 1977:Archived 1947:Archived 1705:Archived 1675:Archived 1417:Archived 1308:Archived 1214:Archived 1190:Archived 1171:Archived 1147:Archived 1117:Archived 1092:Archived 954:WordStar 904:Laser 50 619:WordStar 564:kilobyte 455:alkaline 270:and the 265:Olivetti 165:Graphics 62:notebook 2714:PC-8201 2624:Commons 2453:Yashica 2400:Current 2384:Kyocera 2255:MX-1600 2245:CD-6809 1681:July 1, 1502:July 9, 1476:July 9, 1449:July 9, 1033:CNN.com 1007:SD card 850:Teleram 811:slots. 773:80 x 25 562:The 32 361:Hitachi 353:backlit 280:Kyocera 276:PC-8300 243:as the 237:Kyocera 200:300 by 154:Display 145:8  77: ( 40:Kyocera 2814:SX-ACE 2694:PC-100 2527:Strobe 2438:Contax 2431:Former 2393:brands 2230:Max-80 2210:LNW-80 2191:Clones 2091:TRS-80 2084:Series 1645:Design 1336:  809:PCMCIA 765:MS-DOS 411:RS-232 380:QWERTY 261:Canada 142:Memory 2744:Versa 2734:TK-80 2724:PC-98 2571:Other 2541:Other 2517:KX414 2492:E3100 2487:C4700 2448:Taito 2270:VC 50 2225:D8000 1966:Notes 926:' 835:Casio 801:80C86 690:Ni-Cd 594:login 495:TPDD2 403:modem 349:pixel 308:80C85 241:Japan 221:is a 189:Power 177:Input 170:pixel 136:80C85 133:Intel 44:Tandy 2809:SX-9 2804:SX-8 2799:SX-7 2794:SX-6 2789:SX-5 2784:SX-4 2779:SX-3 2774:SX-2 2769:SX-1 2512:KX16 2507:K127 2497:Echo 2482:6035 2152:/200 2128:PC-3 2123:PC-2 2118:PC-1 1955:2019 1901:2013 1874:BYTE 1852:2015 1825:2016 1798:2011 1766:2022 1713:2010 1683:2024 1653:2022 1626:2022 1584:2022 1560:2014 1552:BYTE 1530:2009 1504:2020 1478:2020 1451:2020 1425:2017 1395:2015 1369:2015 1334:ISBN 1316:2013 1281:2008 1258:2013 1250:BYTE 1222:2017 1155:2017 1125:2008 1067:2017 933:BYTE 902:The 866:CP/M 731:DTMF 720:The 646:ROMs 446:and 399:POTS 395:baud 312:CMOS 268:M-10 259:and 217:The 208:Mass 54:Type 2682:APC 2667:NEC 2532:Zio 2443:KLH 1740:225 997:FAT 654:Y2K 497:, 365:ICs 341:LCD 322:ROM 305:Oki 272:NEC 159:LCD 130:MHz 124:CPU 2889:: 1945:. 1941:. 1917:. 1891:. 1872:. 1842:. 1815:. 1786:. 1774:^ 1756:. 1738:. 1734:. 1730:PS 1703:. 1699:. 1673:. 1669:. 1643:. 1592:^ 1550:. 1538:^ 1494:. 1468:. 1441:. 1411:. 1386:. 1359:. 1345:^ 1302:. 1298:. 1248:. 1230:^ 1208:. 1141:. 1111:. 1053:. 1031:. 845:. 783:. 704:. 401:) 343:, 314:, 310:, 147:KB 46:, 42:, 2659:e 2652:t 2645:v 2376:e 2369:t 2362:v 2193:, 2069:e 2062:t 2055:v 1957:. 1903:. 1876:. 1854:. 1827:. 1800:. 1768:. 1728:" 1715:. 1685:. 1655:. 1628:. 1586:. 1562:. 1532:. 1506:. 1480:. 1453:. 1427:. 1397:. 1371:. 1318:. 1283:. 1260:. 1224:. 1157:. 1127:. 1069:. 688:( 421:. 81:) 64:) 60:(

Index


Kyocera
Tandy
Microsoft
Portable computer
notebook
Operating system
CPU
MHz
Intel
80C85
KB
LCD
pixel
function keys
notebook-sized
portable computer
liquid-crystal display
Kyocera
Japan
Tandy Corporation
Radio Shack
United States
Canada
Olivetti
NEC
Kyocera

Oki
80C85

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