814:. The TNLA claims that they arrest opium smugglers regularly and the narcotics seized are publicly burned on special occasions to deter drug trade. In August 2012, a PSLF Central Committee meeting set up a 5 year plan for the eradication of drugs and in 2014 the group claimed to have been “able to destroy more than 1,000 acres of opium farms in Ta’ang regions” in two years. The group regularly detains drug users and send them by to “detention centres” in order to cut them off from their addictions. They also try to discourage local farmers from continuing to grow poppy by offering them crop substitution programs and interest-free micro-financing.
198:
230:
150:
778:
412:
38:
818:
network comprises "a central office, five district-level offices, eighteen offices at the township level and many more at the village-tract level". The TNLA has set up their own police force since 2018 to maintain public order. The group also operates a parallel justice system with dedicated courts and prisons by recruiting civil servants and lawyers who sought refuge in their territory after defecting from the junta. In June 2023, the TNLA announced that they would establish forest reserve areas to prevent deforestation and preserving local species.
318:
217:
331:
520:, on the Thailand-Myanmar border, decided to reject the decision of their mother organization and on 12 January 1992 formed the Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF) under the leadership of Mai Tin Moung. In the subsequent years, the PSLO progressively lost its influence and was eventually forced by the regime to disarm and demobilize in 2005. Many dissatisfied rank-and-file members of the PSLO then joined the PSLF and were provided training by the KIA's 3rd and 4th Brigades in
186:
242:
278:
174:
254:
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200 people and the displacement of more than 4,000 inhabitants. In
November 2016, Northern Alliance forces launched coordinated attacks on military targets in northern Shan State and briefly took control of a portion of the Mandalay-Muse Highway. In November 2017, the TNLA attacked two Burma Army bases in
857:
began expanding its operations towards the China border, thus encroaching on territories controlled by the TNLA. Hostilities between the two groups broke out in
November 2015 after RCSS forces ambushed TNLA soldiers near Namkham. The two groups engaged in regular skirmishes in the following years. In
870:
The TNLA has long been allied with the KIO/KIA, with whom it maintains close ties and cooperates militarily. However, in recent years, the group has increasingly turned towards the SSPP, which fought alongside it against the RCSS, as well as the UWSA, which supplies it with weapons. In May 2018, the
841:
From 2009 to 2011, more aggressive attempts by the
Tatmadaw to subordinate groups in the region led to an increase in direct clashes with the TNLA, as well as with the KIA and the MNDAA. Fighting between the TNLA and government troops then reached a new high in 2013 and 2014, leading to the death of
817:
In the areas they control, the PSLF has set up a bureaucracy of 1,500 staff, divided into thirteen departments. Many of these lower-ranking administrators are members of the junta's administrative apparatus that were assimilated by the TNLA as they took control of their villages. This administrative
825:
The TNLA largely generates revenue through taxes on the transportation of goods and people. Another important financing source of the group is the payment of fees by
Chinese contractors conducting infrastructure projects in the region in exchange for ensuring their free access and safety. The TNLA
821:
In terms of education, the TNLA has set up their own education system in partnership with local civil society groups and NUG workers, under the umbrella of the Ta’ang
National Education Committee (TNEC). In 2023, the committee said it ran more than 420 schools, providing education to around 25,000
650:
In 2013, the TNLA started to organize their armed forces across Ta’ang areas in five regular battalions, plus one dedicated to headquarters-defence and special forces. The number of battalions has been increased to 7 in 2013 and to 21 in 2015, divided into 3 brigades and supervised by two tactical
539:
and engaging in occasional clashes with the
Tatmadaw. On 9 November 2012, it held an unofficial meeting with the junta's negotiating body, the Union Peace-making Work Committee, but contacts were not further developed. The TNLA subsequently did not take part in peace negotiations with the
886:. This turnaround has led to a deterioration in relations with the KIA, coupled with mutual accusations of mistreatment of the local populations. Tensions with the SSPP over the control and administration of territories liberated from the junta have also arose in several occasions.
608:. On January 11, 2024 the junta and the Brotherhood Alliance agreed to a China-brokered ceasefire for northern Shan State, although the truce remains tenuous, with rebel forces claiming that regime's troops regularly conduct airstrikes and shelling in the area.
654:
The TNLA recruits primarily through a conscription policy that obliges each household in areas under their control to provide at least one male recruit. Those with many sons often have to provide two. The group has also been accused of enlisting child soldiers.
826:
has also been accused of making money from taxing the local drug market, despite its anti-drug stance. Resistance on the part of certain inhabitants to pay taxes to the group have led its members to kidnap resisters and detain them until a ransom is paid.
583:
the TNLA initially avoided conflict with junta troops and took advantage of the drop in fighting to boost its governance capacities in northern Shan State. However, the group is known to have "engaged indirectly with the NUG and provided support to
809:
The TNLA is known for their opposition to drug trade and drug use, which they see as they see it as a health disaster for the local population, conducting operations where they actively destroy poppy fields, heroin refineries and
646:
Although in theory the TNLA is supposed to simply be the defense department of the PSLF, in practice “there is little separation between the two" and "most PSLF officials are seconded from the armed wing".
615:. On June 25, the group declared it was resuming Operation 1027 in response to repeated ceasefire violations by the junta and launched attacks in Nawnghkio and Kyaukme townships, in coordination with local
500:(KIO) and formed the Palaung State Liberation Organisation/Palaung State Liberation Army (PSLO/PSLA), which quickly upstaged the PNF. The PSLA then waged a guerrilla war against the armed forces of the
504:. In the late 1980s, the group was weakened by the introduction of new counter-insurgency tactics and the signing of a ceasefire agreement by the KIO 4th Brigade, its long-time ally, who became the
862:(SSPP), managed to register gains against RCSS troops, forcing them to withdraw south of the Mandalay-Muse Highway before pushing them back to their strongholds near the Thailand-Myanmar border.
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553:
1637:
1080:
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1137:
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1714:
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announced the creation of the Ta'ang
National Liberation Army (TNLA) as the armed wing of the PSLF. The TNLA then started operating in Ta'ang populated areas of northern
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202:
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operation commands. In 2024, Tar Hod Plarng, TNLA's commander-in-chief, claimed that the group had now "seven brigades and more than 30 battalions.”
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953:
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2782:
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partly because of their lack of confidence in the latter's ability to control the army's actions. It was not a signatory of the
2915:
2846:
1129:
589:
1353:
Meehan, Patrick (2016). "The
Continuation of War by Other Means. An Anatomy of the Palaung Ceasefire in Northern Shan State".
3119:
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2816:
2657:
2583:
1883:
1843:
1803:
1740:
545:
154:
580:
1317:
611:
On June 18, the TNLA announced that one of its fighters had been killed and four others injured by a junta drone strike in
3036:
2865:
2767:
1168:
3139:
2935:
2707:
739:
348:
110:
2802:
2792:
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2613:
2360:
777:
557:
411:
165:
37:
2308:
1429:"Armed Political Orders through the Prism of Arms: Relations between Weapons and Insurgencies in Myanmar And Ukraine"
1002:"Armed Political Orders through the Prism of Arms: Relations between Weapons and Insurgencies in Myanmar And Ukraine"
2726:
3013:
2950:
2900:
2761:
573:
178:
2993:
2925:
2870:
2796:
2787:
2717:
2558:
1385:"The Art Of Arms (Not) Being Governed: Means Of Violence And Shifting Territories In The Borderworlds of Myanmar"
834:
Since its creation the TNLA has been frequently engaged in clashes with local armed militias established by the
2955:
2930:
2895:
2836:
2751:
2623:
1534:
565:
496:
armed group that was founded in 1963. In 1976, a PNF leader, Mai Kwan Tong, broke away with the support of the
234:
190:
1239:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/4/myanmar-regime-labels-key-ethnic-armed-groups-terrorist-organisations
2920:
2842:
2577:
2562:
2552:
1454:"Ta'ang (Palaung) Leader Tar Aik Bong: 'Without Proper Political Solutions, There Will Be No Lasting Peace'"
335:
322:
221:
3056:
2940:
2687:
2598:
2573:
859:
854:
469:
2177:
1103:
572:(MNDAA). In 2019, the AA, the MNDAA and the TNLA strengthened their military cooperation by founding the
3114:
3081:
3069:
2826:
2692:
1428:
1001:
375:
1535:"Obstacles to Conflict Transformation in Myanmar: A Case Study of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army"
508:
and stopped supplying it with weapons. On 27 April 1991, the PSLA agreed to sign a ceasefire with the
3064:
2822:
2661:
2647:
2125:
1384:
798:
549:
513:
293:
1209:
2885:
2711:
2643:
2633:
2607:
2496:
788:
628:
624:
588:
and anti-military forces, even if mostly covertly". In
December 2023, the TNLA took control of the
505:
3003:
2757:
2638:
2603:
2588:
1877:
1837:
1797:
1734:
612:
298:
1999:
3076:
2207:
1973:
1568:
1510:
1404:
1358:
368:
358:
2832:
1962:"Child Soldiers in Myanmar: Role of Myanmar Government and Limitations of International Law"
1546:
1484:
1396:
597:
454:
3046:
2945:
2682:
2501:
3051:
2988:
2152:"On the Frontline: Poverty, Opium and Militarisation in Modern Burma's Golden Triangle"
1280:"Treading a Rocky Path: The Ta'ang Army Expands in Myanmar's Shan State | Crisis Group"
879:
744:
601:
493:
363:
115:
3159:
2890:
1900:
532:
55:
2100:
2983:
2667:
2204:
Conflict and transnational crime: borders, bullets & business in
Southeast Asia
528:
462:
51:
1992:"မြေရှားသတ္တုလုပ်ငန်း စမ်းသပ်ရှာဖွေထုတ်လုပ်ခြင်း ကိစ္စရပ်အပေါ် အမိန့်ထုတ်ပြန်ချက်"
1715:"Myanmar Junta Repeatedly Breaking China-Brokered Ceasefire: Brotherhood Alliance"
1664:"Brotherhood Alliance Seizes Another Ethnic Zone in Myanmar's northern Shan State"
1400:
1961:
1481:
The political economy of the opium/heroin trade in Shan state, Myanmar, 1988-2012
2548:
1210:"'We will not let the RCSS rule': Shan State clashes stoke inter-ethnic tension"
858:
late 2020, fighting escalated again. In 2021, the TNLA, in cooperation with the
686:
561:
2905:
2464:
2413:
2386:
2334:
1638:"Myanmar rebels seize town from military junta despite China-backed ceasefire"
1160:
748:
728:
536:
119:
103:
2284:"Brothers torn apart: As TNLA grows stronger, tensions rise in northern Shan"
1977:
1858:"Op. 1027 Update: TNLA Captures Seven Myanmar Junta Bases, Two Battalion HQs"
1408:
1161:"Are the TNLA a threat to peace in Myanmar? – Inside the TNLA's war on drugs"
1025:"Brothers torn apart: As TNLA grows stronger, tensions rise in northern Shan"
1355:
War and peace in the borderlands of Myanmar: the Kachin ceasefire, 1994-2011
620:
517:
99:
1488:
1191:"Rival Shan armies declare truce as other ethnic armed groups gain ground"
3144:
2048:"Fire and Ice: Conflict and Drugs in Myanmar's Shan State | Crisis Group"
2023:"On Patrol With Myanmar Rebels Fighting Both the Army and Drug Addiction"
1550:
883:
872:
811:
288:
1897:
Myanmar Junta Designates Brotherhood Alliance Members ‘Terrorist’ Groups
1050:"Treading a Rocky Path: The Ta'ang Army Expands in Myanmar's Shan State"
1690:"Myanmar's military, ethnic armed groups agree to China-mediated truce"
843:
732:
724:
593:
512:. In reaction, several of its members based at the headquarters of the
473:
400:
283:
89:
85:
1818:"TNLA Seizes Town and Myanmar Regime Positions in Northern Shan State"
1130:"Two helicopters used in fighting near northern Shan State's Naungcho"
849:
After joining the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in October 2015, the
2618:
1756:"TNLA: Myanmar Junta Drone Attack on Base Kills One and Injures Four"
1936:"Myanmar Ethnic Armed Groups Draw Allegations of Forced Recruitment"
2206:. Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
632:
521:
1620:"Three Myanmar Rebel Groups Halt Offensive Pending Further Talks"
1594:"Northern Alliance Sets Sights on Next Myanmar Peace Conference"
638:
On 2 September, the SAC declared the TNLA as a terrorist group.
527:
In October 2009, the PSLF held its 3rd congress and its leaders
492:
The PSLF has its origins in the Palaung National Front (PNF), a
2505:
2439:"Ta'ang Armed Group Opens First Liaison Office in Wa Territory"
1104:"300 Myanmar Villagers Flee Township as Ethnic Armies Approach"
2387:"Civilians flee as clashes between RCSS/SSA and TNLA continue"
2465:"Tensions between TNLA and SSPP Flare up Again in Shan State"
2255:"Myanmar's embattled Palaung minority call for aid partners"
954:"Myanmar's embattled Palaung minority call for aid partners"
423:
3019:
United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia
2492:
2228:"Myanmar Civilians Demand Protection from TNLA Kidnappings"
2074:"TNLA Attacks Five Poppy-Growing Hubs in Northern Myanmar"
1318:"Rising dragon: TNLA declares 'victory' in northern Shan"
619:
units. The following day, it took control of the town of
2999:
Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee
2335:"RCSS-TNLA Conflict: Proxy or mini-Cold War in display?"
1077:"Curfew imposed after clashes near Myanmar-China border"
554:
Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee
924:"Myanmar rebels continue fight despite ceasefire deal"
1966:
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
838:
junta, that are often involved in drug trafficking.
1778:"TNLA Restarts Operation 1027 Against Myanmar Junta"
635:, taking over several military bases near the city.
3107:
3027:
2974:
2856:
2539:
770:
762:
754:
738:
720:
705:
695:
685:
665:
441:
Palaung State Liberation Organisation/Army (PSLO/A)
418:
406:
393:
385:
344:
266:
160:
143:
125:
109:
95:
81:
63:
47:
23:
2126:"Drug trade thrives in lawless post-coup Myanmar"
1483:(PhD thesis). University of London. p. 235.
3127:Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong
1507:By force of arms: armed ethnic groups in Burma
2517:
673:
8:
2361:"On the Frontline of the TNLA, SSA-S Divide"
1102:Thar, Ken; Khine, Tin Aung (2 August 2018).
42:Logo of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army
2524:
2510:
2502:
2309:"TNLA Attacks Burma Army Bases in Namhsan"
662:
20:
570:Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
1915:"All-inclusiveness in an ethnic context"
980:"All-inclusiveness in an ethnic context"
871:TNLA opened its first liaison office in
502:Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
914:
895:
766:Peace - Equality - Justice - Prosperity
510:State Law and Order Restoration Council
459:တအာင်း အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်
30:တအာင်း အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်
2414:"RCSS, TNLA Clash in Kyaukme Township"
2178:"TNLA Designates Forest Reserve Areas"
1875:
1835:
1795:
1732:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1171:from the original on 23 September 2015
902:Until he was assassinated in May 1994.
627:. On June 28, it captured the town of
592:following the capture of the towns of
16:Insurgent group in Shan State, Myanmar
3166:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
2533:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
2277:
2275:
2101:"The drug war in Myanmar's mountains"
1562:
1560:
1528:
1526:
1500:
1498:
1448:
1446:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1383:Buscemi, Francesco (1 January 2023).
1378:
1376:
1374:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
7:
2412:Nom, Nang Seng (18 September 2019).
1220:from the original on 7 December 2022
1433:Interdisciplinary Political Studies
1006:Interdisciplinary Political Studies
836:State Peace and Development Council
1140:from the original on 16 March 2022
623:and seized several positions near
14:
2099:Ferrie, Jared (5 November 2015).
1533:Thitiwut Boonyawongwiwat (2018).
934:from the original on 11 July 2019
3042:China–Myanmar border (1960–1961)
2282:Weng, Lawi (22 September 2020).
1357:. NIAS Press. pp. 364–371.
1083:from the original on 24 May 2020
1023:Weng, Lawi (22 September 2020).
776:
498:Kachin Independence Organisation
410:
354:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
329:
316:
276:
252:
240:
228:
215:
196:
184:
172:
148:
36:
2253:Vrieze, Paul (8 October 2014).
2021:Larsen, Niels (23 April 2015).
1960:Gupte, Prajakta (9 June 2018).
1567:Larsen, Niels (22 March 2016).
922:Hay, Wayne (17 February 2016).
675:ပလောင်ပြည်နယ်လွတ်မြောက်ရေးတပ်ဦး
590:Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone
451:Ta'ang National Liberation Army
395:Designated as a terrorist group
24:Ta'ang National Liberation Army
3120:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
2493:Taang National Liberation Army
668:Palaung State Liberation Front
546:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
478:Palaung State Liberation Front
476:. It is the armed wing of the
389:Palaung State Liberation Front
155:Palaung State Liberation Front
1:
1401:10.1080/14650045.2021.1901083
1208:Lawi Weng (26 January 2021).
3140:Internal conflict in Myanmar
1998:(in Burmese). Archived from
1316:Frontier (4 February 2022).
349:Internal conflict in Myanmar
2469:Shan Herald Agency for News
2418:Shan Herald Agency for News
2391:Shan Herald Agency for News
2339:Shan Herald Agency for News
1754:Wei, Brian (19 June 2024).
1539:Journal of Mekong Societies
1427:Buscemi, Francesco (2019).
1000:Buscemi, Francesco (2019).
3192:
3014:Three Brotherhood Alliance
1882:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1842:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1802:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1739:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1569:"Dirty war, dirty tactics"
1159:Veits, Chris (July 2015).
574:Three Brotherhood Alliance
3135:
2994:Chin Brotherhood Alliance
2202:Weigand, Florian (2020).
860:Shan State Progress Party
784:
775:
674:
606:current Myanmar civil war
556:. In 2016, it joined the
458:
434:
136:10,000 (2020, self-claim)
35:
29:
28:
2182:Burma News International
1758:. pp. The Irrawaddy
1509:. New Delhi: VIJ Books.
1479:Meehan, Patrick (2016).
1110:. Translated by Khet Mar
566:Kachin Independence Army
3176:Guerrilla organizations
3171:Rebel groups in Myanmar
548:in 2015 but joined the
1489:10.25501/SOAS.00022807
631:and began to encircle
470:political organization
3037:Communist (1948–1988)
1913:Keenan, Paul (2015).
1505:Keenan, Paul (2013).
978:Keenan, Paul (2015).
855:Shan State Army-South
376:Operation Taungthaman
2259:The New Humanitarian
2105:The New Humanitarian
1922:EBO Background Paper
1551:10.14456/JMS.2018.19
1054:International Crisis
987:EBO Background Paper
958:The New Humanitarian
514:Karen National Union
2052:www.crisisgroup.org
1903:. September 4, 2024
1626:. 4 September 2019.
1284:www.crisisgroup.org
1197:. 30 November 2023.
1165:Journeyman Pictures
789:Politics of Myanmar
506:Kachin Defence Army
472:and armed group in
307:Non-state opponents
96:Active regions
3004:Federal Union Army
2367:. 23 February 2016
2341:. 23 February 2016
2234:. 21 December 2020
2158:. 2 September 2014
1670:. 23 December 2023
1644:. 16 December 2023
1460:. 11 November 2014
1286:. 4 September 2023
1079:. Anadolu Agency.
1056:. 4 September 2023
613:Nawnghkio Township
542:central government
116:Ta'ang nationalism
65:Dates of operation
3153:
3152:
3009:Northern Alliance
2315:. 11 January 2017
2213:978-1-78990-519-9
1721:. 16 January 2024
1600:. 24 January 2017
1516:978-93-82652-21-2
1364:978-87-7694-188-8
1136:. 14 March 2022.
928:www.aljazeera.com
807:
806:
794:Political parties
758:Green, Red, White
745:Palaung interests
697:Secretary-General
558:Northern Alliance
447:
446:
369:Battle of Laukkai
359:Operation Kanaung
166:Northern Alliance
69:January 1992
3183:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2503:
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2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2288:Frontier Myanmar
2279:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2156:Discover Society
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2054:. 8 January 2019
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1904:
1894:
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2080:. 16 March 2020
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2132:. 27 June 2023
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2002:on 31 May 2024
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2443:The Irrawaddy
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2393:. 6 July 2017
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53:
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3092:2016–present
2984:4K Coalition
2812:
2473:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2442:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
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2369:. Retrieved
2364:
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2343:. Retrieved
2338:
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2317:. Retrieved
2312:
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2291:. Retrieved
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2262:. Retrieved
2258:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2231:
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2203:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2181:
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2160:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2129:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2077:
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:the original
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132:4,000 (2015)
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52:Tar Aik Bong
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1996:Ta'ang Land
1389:Geopolitics
1195:Myanmar Now
1087:21 November
1060:19 November
938:18 December
604:during the
600:as part of
562:Arakan Army
463:abbreviated
3160:Categories
3115:Ceasefires
2976:Coalitions
2906:Mujahideen
2881:God's Army
2778:PRA-Magway
1694:Al Jazeera
1458:Burma Link
1224:5 February
1175:6 December
1114:3 December
910:References
822:students.
771:Party flag
749:Federalism
729:Shan State
659:Governance
564:(AA), the
537:Shan State
426:.taangland
129:800 (2011)
120:Federalism
104:Shan State
3087:1991–1992
3057:Karen–Mon
2718:MRDA/BNRA
1978:2168-7951
1924:(Report).
1878:cite news
1838:cite news
1798:cite news
1735:cite news
1642:France 24
1409:1465-0045
989:(Report).
866:Alliances
812:meth labs
799:Elections
642:Structure
621:Nawnghkio
518:Manerplaw
299:Pyusawhti
267:Opponents
100:Tawngpeng
77:– present
3145:Tatmadaw
3077:Rohingya
2497:Telegram
1218:Archived
1169:Archived
1138:Archived
1081:Archived
932:Archived
884:Wa State
877:de facto
873:Pangkham
740:Ideology
687:Chairman
111:Ideology
3061:Kokang
2858:Defunct
1828:27 June
1788:25 June
1762:25 June
1545:: 118.
1134:Mizzima
880:capital
844:Namhsan
733:Myanmar
725:Namhsan
711: (
706:Founded
629:Kyaukme
625:Kyaukme
598:Mantong
594:Namhsan
488:History
474:Myanmar
468:) is a
455:Burmese
419:Website
401:Myanmar
284:Myanmar
144:Part of
90:Myanmar
86:Namhsan
73:1992-01
71: (
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2733:NSCN-K
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763:Slogan
755:Colors
494:Ta’ang
294:Police
281:
161:Allies
3052:Karen
2911:NDA-K
2803:SSA-S
2793:SSA-N
2702:MNTJP
2698:MNDAA
2678:KNPLF
2569:ABSDF
1972:(1).
1918:(PDF)
1144:4 May
983:(PDF)
890:Notes
633:Mogok
552:-led
522:Laiza
336:SSA-S
323:SSA-N
222:SSA-N
203:MNDAA
3082:1978
3070:2015
3065:2009
2966:VBSW
2961:SURA
2956:SSNA
2951:SSCP
2921:RFCP
2916:NUPA
2901:MRDA
2876:DKBA
2866:ARIF
2827:UWSP
2823:UWSA
2817:PSLF
2813:TNLA
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2768:PNLA
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484:).
482:PSLF
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