391:. At the extreme edges the glass is often perfectly free from crystalline products, but it merges rapidly into the ordinary crystalline diabase, which in a very short distance may contain no vitreous base whatever. The spherulites may form the greater part of the mass, they may be a quarter of an inch in diameter and are occasionally much larger than this. These coarsely spherulitic rocks pass over into the variolites by increasing coarseness in the fibers of their spherulites, which soon become recognizable as needles of feldspar or feathery growths of augite. The ultimate product of decomposition in this case also is a red palagonitic substance, but owing to the absence of steam cavities the tachylite selvages of dikes are more often found in a fresh state than the basic lapilli in ash-beds. Many occurrences of basaltic
22:
375:. They are sometimes only a fraction of an inch in thickness, resembling a thin layer of pitch or tar on the edge of a crystalline diabase dike, but veins several inches thick are sometimes found. In these situations tachylite is rarely vesicular, but it often shows very pronounced fluxion banding accentuated by the presence of rows of spherulites that are visible as dark brown rounded spots. The spherulites have a distinct radiate structure and sometimes exhibit zones of varying color. The non-spherulitic glassy portion is sometimes perlitic, and these rocks are always brittle. Common crystals are
347:, thin clouds of steam rise constantly, and as the bubbles of vapor are liberated from the molten rock they carry into the air with them thin fibers of basalt that solidify at once and assume the form of tachylite threads. Under the microscope they prove to be nearly completely glassy with small circular air vesicles sometimes drawn out to long tubes. Only in the Hawaiian Islands are glassy basaltic lavas of this kind at all common. A small outcrop at
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813:
572:
329:
in a black glassy base. They are highly liquid when discharged, and the rapid cooling that ensues on their emergence to the air prevents crystallization taking place completely. Many of them are spongy or vesicular, and their upper surfaces are often exceedingly rough and jagged, while at other times
263:
and olivine, but all these minerals very frequently occur mainly as microlites or as skeletal growths with sharply-pointed corners or ramifying processes. Palagonite tuffs are found also among the older volcanic rocks. In
Iceland a broad stretch of these rocks, described as "the palagonite
342:
of black tachylite adorn the roofs and floors. On section these growths show usually a central cavity enclosed by walls of dark brown glass in which skeletons and microliths of augite, olivine and feldspar lie imbedded. From the crater of Mt.
250:
precipitated on them from the sea water. These tachylite fragments, which are usually much decomposed by the oxidation and hydration of their ferrous compounds, have taken on a dark red color. This altered basic glass is known as
531:
Clark, V. 2004. Calder
Highway Kyneton to Faraday: Sub-surface Archaeological Investigations for Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Sensitive Areas PAS1, SA1, SA4 and at Site AAV7723-0125, Near Malmsbury, Victoria. Report to
312:. Basaltic rocks often contain a small amount of glassy ground-mass, and in the limburgites this becomes more important and conspicuous, but vitreous types are far less common in these than in the acid lavas.
178:), the reason being apparently that the basic rocks have a stronger tendency to crystallize, partly because they are more liquid and the molecules have more freedom to arrange themselves in crystalline order.
173:
become dark brown or red. Three modes of occurrence characterize this rock. In all cases they are found under conditions which imply rapid cooling, but they are much less common than acid volcanic glasses (or
315:
Tachylite may form at the edge of sills or thin dikes of basalt or diabase that rapidly cooled. Such edges may be as little as a millimetre thick. It merges internally into crystalline basalt.
259:
are also decomposed and are represented only by pseudomorphs. The fresh tachylite glass, however, often contains lozenge-shaped crystals of plagioclase feldspar and small prisms of
596:
348:
255:"; concentric bands of it often surround kernels of unaltered tachylite, and are so soft that they are easily cut with a knife. In the palagonite the
587:
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71:
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Islands, however, the volcanoes have poured out vast floods of black basalt, containing feldspar, augite, olivine, and
520:
717:
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902:
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712:
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has tachylite which has been exploited as a material for making
Aboriginal flaked stone implements.
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are found where the crust has solidified and the liquid interior has subsequently flowed away, and
110:
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835:
521:'Unusual Newer Volcanics trachyandesite cones in the Gisborne-Woodend and Kyneton-Trentham areas'
150:
264:
formation," is said to cross the island from south-west to north-east. Some of these tuffs are
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similar rocks occur, some of which have been described as weisselbergites (from
Weisselberg).
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146:
126:
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1143:
583:
499:
Britannica, The
Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tachylyte". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Sep. 2009
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of older date, such as occur in Skye, Midlothian and Fife, Derbyshire, and elsewhere. Basic
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of this kind are exceedingly widespread on the bottom of the sea, either dispersed in the
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by determining its fusibility, as splinters of tachylite will fuse together when heated.
90:. This glass is formed naturally by the rapid cooling of molten basalt. It is a type of
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153:. They are very brittle and break down readily under a hammer. Small crystals of
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A third mode of occurrence of tachylite is as the margins and thin offshoots of
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with which they occur are mostly olivine-basalts. Palagonite tuffs are found in
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600:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 344–345.
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109:. The color is a black or dark-brown, and it has a greasy-looking, resinous
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are often spongy masses of tachylite with only a few larger crystals or
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KILAUEA VOLCANO (MT. KILAUEA), James St. John, OSU-Newark, Geology
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Transactions of the
Edinburgh Geological Society 1888 vol5-6 p. 496
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are sometimes visible in them with the unaided eye. All tachylites
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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they assume rounded wave-like forms on solidification. Great
133:
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have been reported from Skye, Mull, and the western part of
308:
A second mode of occurrence of tachylite is in the form of
246:
and other deposits or forming layers coated with oxides of
60:
54:
48:
444:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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418:Other localities for tachylites of this group are
442: – Glassy, or very fine-grained, rock type
387:, with swarms of minute dusty black grains of
234:, and are very common also in the ash beds or
843:
620:
399:; they are found also in connection with the
29:volcano in Hawaii (view is about 9 cm across)
8:
850:
836:
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206:ashes or "cinders" thrown out by basaltic
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214:imbedded in black glass. Such tachylite
461:
553:
541:
475:
129:masses. The word originates from the
7:
181:Tachylite can be distinguished from
407:and the center of Scotland. In the
141:Tachylites have the appearance of
14:
304:from Australia, made of tachylite
811:
570:
38:
268:; others are intercalated with
16:Form of basaltic volcanic glass
403:diabase sills in the north of
1:
451: – Glassy volcanic rock
644:Basalts by tectonic setting
218:and scoria are frequent in
145:and are often more or less
1868:
134:
807:
675:Basalts by form and flow
903:Basaltic trachyandesite
883:Alkali feldspar granite
597:Encyclopædia Britannica
656:Mid-ocean ridge basalt
305:
30:
1293:Banded iron formation
359:Dike and sill sources
299:
165:rather easily and by
24:
718:Calc-alkaline basalt
706:Basalts by chemistry
288:, and other places.
193:Geologic occurrences
666:Volcanic arc basalt
661:Ocean island basalt
353:Victoria, Australia
138:, meaning "swift".
1649:Specific varieties
818:Geology portal
752:Important minerals
544:, p. 344–345.
306:
31:
1834:
1833:
1079:Nepheline syenite
825:
824:
713:Tholeiitic basalt
292:Lava flow sources
1859:
1776:Rapakivi granite
1488:Metamorphic rock
1275:Sedimentary rock
1144:Quartz monzonite
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244:pelagic red clay
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1588:Pseudotachylite
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1201:Tephriphonolite
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856:
826:
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803:
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682:Columnar basalt
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440:Pseudotachylite
436:
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83:) is a form of
79:; also spelled
73:
41:
37:
25:Tachylite from
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1855:
1854:
1852:Vitreous rocks
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1781:Rhomb porphyry
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1652:
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1646:
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1623:Talc carbonate
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1262:
1257:
1252:
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1237:
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1224:
1223:
1216:Trachyandesite
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1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
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1156:
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1141:
1139:Quartz diorite
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1121:
1116:
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1076:
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1066:
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1026:
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1016:
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991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
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969:
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954:
949:
948:
947:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
910:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
867:
861:
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858:Types of rocks
857:
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786:
781:
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771:
766:
761:
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753:
749:
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746:
745:
743:Picrite basalt
740:
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631:
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617:
609:
603:
602:
592:Chisholm, Hugh
584:Flett, John S.
565:
562:
559:
558:
556:, p. 345.
546:
534:
524:
513:
502:
491:
480:
478:, p. 344.
460:
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452:
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420:New Providence
371:of basalt and
360:
357:
293:
290:
286:Canary Islands
272:deposits. The
216:volcanic bombs
199:
198:Scoria sources
196:
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149:and sometimes
117:and occurs in
88:volcanic glass
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10:
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1764:
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1741:Litchfieldite
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1737:
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1727:
1724:
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1719:
1717:
1714:
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1709:
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1706:Hyaloclastite
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1579:
1576:
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1553:Litchfieldite
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1199:
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1114:Phonotephrite
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1087:
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1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:Hyaloclastite
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1005:
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723:Alkali basalt
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579:public domain
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131:Ancient Greek
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113:. It is very
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28:
23:
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1800:
1751:Luxullianite
1731:Lapis lazuli
1676:Blue Granite
1603:Serpentinite
1578:Metapsammite
1328:Conglomerate
1250:Trondhjemite
1228:Trachybasalt
1169:Pantellerite
1069:Monzogranite
1014:Hornblendite
999:Granodiorite
865:Igneous rock
809:
794:Cristobalite
728:Trachybasalt
651:Flood basalt
595:
549:
537:
527:
516:
505:
494:
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411:district of
362:
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180:
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105:and readily
99:decomposable
95:igneous rock
80:
33:
32:
18:
1847:Mafic rocks
1640:Whiteschist
1531:Greenschist
1511:Cataclasite
1501:Amphibolite
1428:Phosphorite
1378:Itacolumite
1303:Calcarenite
1149:Quartzolite
1084:Nephelinite
1054:Lamprophyre
1009:Harzburgite
967:Napoleonite
940:Charnockite
935:Carbonatite
925:Blairmorite
888:Anorthosite
769:Plagioclase
393:pitchstones
349:Spring Hill
340:stalagmites
336:stalactites
212:phenocrysts
151:spherulitic
1841:Categories
1806:Teschenite
1791:Shonkinite
1766:Pietersite
1761:Novaculite
1671:Borolanite
1656:Adamellite
1573:Metapelite
1541:Calcflinta
1506:Blueschist
1496:Anthracite
1478:Wackestone
1458:Travertine
1403:Lumachelle
1383:Jaspillite
1338:Diamictite
1260:Websterite
1245:Troctolite
1221:Benmoreite
1181:Shonkinite
1154:Rhyodacite
1134:Pyroxenite
1104:Peridotite
1064:Lherzolite
1039:Kimberlite
1029:Ignimbrite
1024:Icelandite
1004:Granophyre
913:Shoshonite
588:Tachylytes
564:References
554:Flett 1911
542:Flett 1911
476:Flett 1911
449:Vitrophyre
310:lava flows
253:palagonite
187:pitchstone
1821:Variolite
1811:Theralite
1801:Tachylite
1786:Rodingite
1756:Mangerite
1736:Larvikite
1721:Jasperoid
1716:Jadeitite
1681:Epidosite
1635:Tectonite
1628:Soapstone
1593:Quartzite
1563:Migmatite
1548:Itabirite
1526:Granulite
1468:Turbidite
1448:Sylvinite
1443:Siltstone
1433:Sandstone
1418:Oil shale
1398:Limestone
1373:Gritstone
1368:Greywacke
1363:Geyserite
1353:Evaporite
1343:Diatomite
1318:Claystone
1283:Argillite
1196:Tachylyte
1164:Comendite
1109:Phonolite
1099:Pegmatite
1074:Monzonite
1049:Lamproite
1044:Komatiite
984:Foidolite
945:Enderbite
908:Mugearite
799:Tridymite
779:Magnetite
774:Amphibole
738:Mugearite
635:Types of
586:(1911). "
401:intrusive
389:magnetite
302:artefacts
248:manganese
228:Stromboli
208:volcanoes
202:The fine
176:obsidians
169:of their
167:oxidation
147:vesicular
127:intrusive
81:tachylyte
34:Tachylite
1796:Taconite
1771:Pyrolite
1696:Ganister
1666:Aphanite
1661:Appinite
1583:Phyllite
1568:Mylonite
1536:Hornfels
1516:Eclogite
1413:Mudstone
1388:Laterite
1348:Dolomite
1265:Wehrlite
1240:Trachyte
1233:Hawaiite
1211:Tonalite
1206:Tephrite
1159:Rhyolite
1124:Porphyry
1094:Obsidian
979:Essexite
930:Boninite
920:Basanite
878:Andesite
784:Ilmenite
764:Pyroxene
733:Hawaiite
532:VicRoads
434:See also
397:Scotland
385:feldspar
320:Hawaiian
257:minerals
224:Auvergne
183:obsidian
155:feldspar
97:that is
85:basaltic
1816:Unakite
1746:Llanite
1711:Ijolite
1686:Felsite
1618:Suevite
1453:Tillite
1393:Lignite
1333:Coquina
1298:Breccia
1191:Syenite
1119:Picrite
1034:Ijolite
994:Granite
962:Diorite
957:Diabase
873:Adakite
759:Olivine
692:Aa lava
637:basalts
594:(ed.).
581::
424:Silesia
413:Germany
405:England
377:olivine
373:diabase
345:Kilauea
318:In the
282:Hungary
270:glacial
240:pumices
220:Iceland
163:weather
159:olivine
115:brittle
107:fusible
76:-ə-lyte
27:Kīlauea
1726:Kenyte
1701:Gossan
1598:Schist
1558:Marble
1521:Gneiss
1423:Oolite
1288:Arkose
1186:Sovite
1176:Scoria
1129:Pumice
1089:Norite
1059:Latite
989:Gabbro
974:Dunite
952:Dacite
898:Basalt
893:Aplite
789:Quartz
590:". In
575:
428:Sweden
381:augite
278:Sicily
261:augite
204:scoria
125:, and
111:luster
1691:Flint
1613:Slate
1608:Skarn
1473:Varve
1438:Shale
1358:Flint
1313:Chert
1308:Chalk
456:Notes
369:sills
365:dikes
332:caves
274:lavas
236:tuffs
143:pitch
135:ταχύς
123:veins
119:dikes
103:acids
92:mafic
1463:Tufa
1408:Marl
1323:Coal
1255:Tuff
426:and
409:Saar
383:and
338:and
327:ores
324:iron
232:Etna
230:and
185:and
171:iron
1826:Wad
367:or
351:in
157:or
101:by
74:TAK
1843::
464:^
430:.
422:,
379:,
284:,
226:,
222:,
121:,
61:aɪ
851:e
844:t
837:v
628:e
621:t
614:v
251:"
67:/
64:t
58:l
55:ə
52:k
49:æ
46:t
43:ˈ
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36:(
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