211:, each holding a toolbar bearing buttons and occasionally other controls. Toolbar controls have assorted sizes and are classified in visually distinguishable groups. The new design was intended to alleviate the problem of users not finding or knowing of the existence of available features in the Office suite. The name "ribbon" was later purported to have originated from an early design idea by which commands were placed on a long pane that could be rolled like a medieval
936:"Every version we were putting our heart and soul into developing these new features, undergoing a rigorous process to determine which of the many areas we would invest in during a release, and then working hard to design, test, and ship those features. The only problem was that people weren't finding the very features they asked us to add."
1548:
For one thing, Word 2007 uses the entirely new ribbon interface. Power users say it takes too much time and patience to learn. 'People will get used to the new interface, but at major efforts in time, training and cost,' says Mike McCullough, director of systems at
Cooling Systems Technologies (CST)
466:
wrote that the ribbons crowds the Office work area, especially for notebook users; the customization options available in the original version didn't allow users to rearrange or remove the predefined commands, although it could be minimized. Others have called its large icons distracting. An online
218:
Microsoft applications implementing ribbons each have a different set of tabs which house user controls for that application. Within each tab, various related controls may be grouped together. Double-clicking the active tab or clicking the "Minimize" button hides the command panel, leaving only the
474:
Other users claim that once the new interface is learned, the average user can create "professional-looking documents faster". One study reported fairly good acceptance by users except highly experienced users and users of word processing applications with a classical WIMP interface, but was less
327:
Since the introduction of ribbons in
Microsoft Office 2007, there has been an increase in the use of this type of interface in applications created by other developers, especially those creating tools for Microsoft-related products. Microsoft facilitated the adoption with the releases of
149:-based Word 5.5 (ca. 1990) and the first Windows-based versions (activated by the "View |Ribbon" menu option), for which early advertising referred to the use of "the Ribbon to replace an endless string of commands to let you format characters by eye instead of memory".
63:
and other graphical control elements, grouped by functionality. Such ribbons use tabs to expose different sets of controls, eliminating the need for numerous parallel toolbars. Contextual tabs are tabs that appear only when the user needs them. For instance, in a
1549:
Inc. When it came time to move her from 2003 to 2007, he quickly ran into problems. 'I might as well of hit her over the head with a bat,' he says. 'I could see anger and frustration.' Other readers feel it's worth taking the time to learn the new interface.
507:
496:
459:
noted that experienced users might find difficulties adapting to the new interface, and that some tasks take more key-presses or clicks to activate. Though the ribbon can be hidden by double-clicking on the open tab,
371:
started the project
Renaissance to improve the user interface of OpenOffice.org. So far the prototypes of the project are frequently seen as similar to ribbons, but this has resulted in some criticism from users.
437:
Because of this, users became accustomed to this style of interface, which was common in many productivity products at the time. When
Microsoft implemented ribbons, it was met with mixed reactions.
79:, which Microsoft calls "The Fluent UI". Although Microsoft popularized the term with a new meaning, similar tabbed layouts of controls existed in prior software from other vendors, including
467:
survey conducted by ExcelUser reports that a majority of respondents had a negative opinion of the change, with advanced users being "somewhat more negative" than intermediate users; the
418:
Prior to
Microsoft's introduction of ribbons in Office 2007, the user interface for its Office suites had barely changed since the introduction of Office 97 on 19 November 1996. (
181:
482:
campaign in its abandonment of the existing user base. Microsoft Office 2011 for the
Macintosh, while employing the ribbon, also retains the menu system in the Mac menu bar.
219:
tabs visible. Repeating this action reveals the pane. The ribbon consolidates the functionality formerly found in menus, toolbars and occasionally task panes into one area.
750:
a ribbon that contains labeled icons (64×64 bit maps) representing tasks and tools that has been instantiated by the user. Each tasktool is represented by a different icon.
33:
1112:
207:
and customizable toolbars with a single "Office menu", a miniature toolbar known as "quick-access toolbar" and what came to be known as the ribbon: multiple
182:
2357:
1428:
188:
1142:
160:
1944:
1660:
823:
736:
1044:
541:. Staniek notes that the ribbon concept has historically appeared extensively as "tabbed toolbars" in applications such as Sausage Software
161:
537:, such as KDE developer Jarosław Staniek, have expressed beliefs that patents regarding ribbons cannot be acquired due to the ubiquity of
2413:
1497:
1174:
1008:
762:
676:
561:
1652:
1262:
68:, an image-related tab may appear when the user selects an image in a document, allowing the user to interact with that image.
71:
Use of the term "ribbon" dates back to the 1980s and was originally used as a synonym for plain toolbar. However, in 2007,
1860:
1582:
1318:
316:
884:
952:
1885:
356:
1897:– Extensive discussion of the UI design by Microsoft's Group Program Manager of the Office 2007 User Experience team.
1741:
32:
1386:
1152:
1901:
1531:
2217:
1937:
167:
48:
246:
applications. Microsoft Office 2010 also added additional end-user customization support to its user interface.
75:
used the term to refer to its own implementation of tabbed toolbars encompassing a conglomerate of controls for
1587:
1568:
1241:
1049:
1013:
894:
396:
123:
37:
1814:
1080:
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1409:
1376:
728:
ESPRIT '88: putting the technology to use: proceedings of the 5th Annual ESPRIT Conference, Brussels, Part 2
600:
250:
1643:
471:
reduction in productivity was an average of about 20%, and "about 35%" for people with a negative opinion.
2197:
2043:
1432:
392:
384:
294:
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309:
298:
258:
239:
200:
192:
171:
76:
1351:
1930:
1855:
560:. Lotus developed early ribbon UIs for its eSuite product. Screenshots are still available in an IBM
345:
290:
235:
1868:, a tool expanding the regular set of UI components for Windows Forms with Ribbon-related components
2166:
2156:
2078:
1058:
546:
516:
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99:
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1972:
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60:
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of prior versions. This met with considerable user resistance, however the ribbon interface has
2247:
2202:
1967:
1788:
1666:
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1472:
1085:
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732:
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686:
a horizontal row of control icons that can often be redefined to suit the user's requirements.
672:
635:
568:
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352:
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91:
84:
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627:
249:
Microsoft gradually implemented the Ribbon in some of its other software. The fourth wave of
2387:
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1992:
1987:
1953:
1614:
1120:
442:
388:
368:
344:, introduced to allow developers to integrate a ribbon toolbar into their applications. The
274:
243:
231:
1692:
714:
A liberal collection of icons located on the Ribbon replaces an endless string of commands
59:. The typical structure of a ribbon includes large, tabbed toolbars, filled with graphical
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2232:
2187:
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227:
849:
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1982:
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1436:
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576:
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315:
The development history of the Ribbon, presented by Jensen Harris in 2008, can be seen
223:
135:
131:
111:
65:
1270:
110:
Use of a ribbon interface dates from the early 1990s in productivity software such as
2407:
2367:
2222:
2144:
1905:
1414:
1328:
1231:
889:
812:
665:
651:
The package includes a straightforward intuitive interface featuring an icon ribbon.
572:
534:
455:
337:
308:
A redesigned tabbed ribbon has been introduced, as part of the Office UI redesign in
286:
80:
145:
interface, called the "ribbon", has been a feature of
Microsoft Word from the early
2331:
2139:
2099:
2058:
2053:
2028:
2018:
1977:
1182:
1147:
606:
478:
The decision to abolish menus has been likened to the Coca-Cola company's infamous
1813:
United States
District Court, Northern District of California, San Jose division.
506:
453:
feel the ribbons take "too much time and patience to learn." Richard
Ericson from
947:
726:
2352:
2321:
2270:
2207:
2033:
1619:
704:. Vol. 12, no. 6. InfoWorld Media Group. 5 February 1990. p. 15.
589:
567:
On 13 February 2018, a jury from the
Northern District of California found that
550:
450:
438:
423:
419:
603:– Design language behind the user interface of Windows Phone and Windows 8
2316:
2161:
2068:
1628:
126:
consisting of a horizontal row of graphical control elements (e.g., including
17:
1922:
1670:
786:
709:
639:
2377:
2372:
2280:
2254:
2192:
2063:
2038:
2023:
1728:
1592:
1204:
1090:
1054:
1018:
987:
957:
924:
859:
538:
524:
431:
427:
403:
380:
333:
329:
282:
270:
215:; the name was retained after the scrolling mechanism was replaced by tabs.
208:
72:
56:
1865:
495:
2212:
2149:
2083:
2048:
2013:
1997:
1723:
1563:
1561:
Lasky, Michael (August 2006). "Office Beta: Good Looks, Tricky Formats".
1323:
1236:
1175:"Ahead of PDC, Microsoft Begins Internal Test of Windows 7 – 14 Sep 2008"
479:
430:, which itself was considered to be something of a milestone compared to
204:
115:
2237:
2171:
2119:
1113:"Office 2010 sports improved ribbon across all apps, servers, services"
554:
278:
142:
119:
88:
52:
1498:"Microsoft Professional Developers Conference 2005 VPR: Image Gallery"
671:. Oxford Paperback Reference (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
781:. Vol. 13. InfoWorld Media Group. 10 December 1990. p. 15.
542:
407:
212:
95:
1718:
1759:
449:
when it was first revealed in 2005. Redmondmag.com reported that
854:
632:
Computerworld: The Newsletter for Information Technology Leaders
203:
came the "Fluent User Interface" or "Fluent UI", which replaced
1926:
1827:"Jury finds Corel willfully infringed Microsoft Office patents"
1081:"User interface differences in Office 2010 vs earlier versions"
609:– Microsoft user interface for Windows Vista and Windows 7
1767:
1450:"R2012b New Features, Bug Fixes, Compatibility Considerations"
341:
146:
1232:"Microsoft to Backport Windows 7 'ribbon' Interface to Vista"
1143:"Windows Live Wave 4: Mail, Photo Gallery, Writer go ribbon"
367:
that used many ribbon ideas in its design. In November 2008
850:"Office Fluent user interface, Ribbon, and Backstage view"
340:
platform update, which included built-in ribbon framework
597:– Educational video games that train the users on ribbons
798:
We've even added a handy new feature, called the ribbon.
406:
introduced a ribbon interface (known as "Toolstrip") in
305:, and some other programs that have since been retired.
1789:"Is Microsoft's new ribbon UI copied from eSuite's UI?"
348:
published some examples in a 2008 GUI showcase report.
242:, however, ribbons were implemented in the rest of the
1902:"MIX08 Microsoft Office 2007: The Story of the Ribbon"
1645:
User Acceptance of the Microsoft Ribbon User Interface
1525:
1523:
1045:"The Microsoft Office Fluent user interface overview"
1410:"Open-source users revolt over OpenOffice ribbon UI"
1205:"Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Report Builder 2.0"
917:"New Rectangles to the Rescue? (Why the UI, Part 4)"
2345:
2299:
2263:
2180:
2092:
2006:
1960:
475:convinced in terms of efficiency and organisation.
1856:Microsoft's guidelines documentation for Ribbon UI
811:
664:
878:
876:
634:. IDG Enterprise. 9 December 1991. p. 41.
426:released relatively minor upgrades compared to
1504:. Microsoft. 13 September 2005. Archived from
1263:"Application Design Showcase: 10 Best App UIs"
1009:"Use the Ribbon instead of toolbars and menus"
191:The redesigned tabbed ribbon as introduced in
1938:
1815:Case No. 5:15-cv05836-EJD, Final verdict form
8:
984:Jensen Harris: An Office User Interface Blog
810:Pfaffenberger, Bryans L. (22 January 1990).
1945:
1931:
1923:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1319:"RedOffice 4.0 Beta Updates OpenOffice UI"
885:"Final Review: The Lowdown on Office 2007"
837:Select View Ribbon to activate the Ribbon.
696:
694:
571:had infringed on several Microsoft ribbon
387:music notation application, replacing the
2358:List of graphical user interface elements
1861:Windows Ribbon Framework Developer Guides
1831:IPWatchdog.com — Patents & Patent Law
663:Illingworth, Valerie (11 December 1997).
238:implemented ribbons. With the release of
1918:– Prototype sketches and design process.
1230:Montalbano, Elizabeth (20 August 2009).
289:followed suit. Ribbons also appeared in
31:
1617:(July 2006). "MS Office Edges Closer".
619:
355:released RedOffice 4.0 beta, a Chinese
1758:Staniek, Jarosław (13 November 2005).
1352:"RedOffice 4.0 Beta – A great new UI?"
1269:. Nielsen Norman Group. Archived from
1141:Protalinski, Emil (22 December 2009).
754:
731:. North-Holland. 14–17 November 1988.
1719:"Word for Mac 2011 top features tour"
7:
1532:"Word 2007: Not Exactly a Must-Have"
1173:Thurrott, Paul (13 September 2008).
883:Ericson, Richard (11 October 2006).
1530:Cummings, Joanne (1 October 2007).
1377:"Renaissance/FAQ (revision 154410)"
1293:"Application Design Showcase: 2008"
170:The tabbed ribbon as introduced in
122:: It was defined as a portion of a
36:Example of a ribbon, an element of
1795:. Genii Software. 29 November 2006
25:
1471:Jeff Atwood (23 September 2005).
445:obsolete as a cornerstone of the
1760:"KDE to sue MS over Ribbon GUI?"
1203:Barley, Ray (18 February 2009).
978:Jensen Harris (7 October 2005).
946:Harris, Jensen (12 March 2008).
505:
494:
383:license to Version 7.0 of their
180:
159:
138:), typically user-configurable.
43:In computer interface design, a
27:Graphical user interface element
1882:"An Office User Interface Blog"
1880:Jensen Harris (13 March 2008).
1691:Schuler, Dave (27 March 2007).
1473:"On the Death of the Main Menu"
1429:'Sib. 7.0: The blasted Ribbon!'
1111:Thurrott, Paul (13 July 2009).
915:Harris, Jensen (3 April 2006).
379:added a ribbon interface under
222:In Microsoft Office 2007, only
980:"Why is it called the Ribbon?"
814:Microsoft Word Quick Reference
1:
1653:Palacký University of Olomouc
1642:Dostál, M (9 December 2010).
1583:"Can I customize the Ribbon?"
921:An Office User Interface Blog
761:: CS1 maint: date and year (
515:Tabbed toolbars, as found in
301:v4.0, the desktop client for
2105:Head-up display in computing
1408:Lai, Eric (11 August 2009).
441:thought the new system made
1886:Microsoft Developer Network
1350:Eva, Johannes (June 2008).
269:, featured a ribbon. Since
118:as an alternative term for
2430:
2414:Graphical control elements
1954:Graphical control elements
1387:Apache Software Foundation
1693:"Is Office the New Coke?"
948:"The Story of the Ribbon"
579:regarding the Fluent UI.
323:Other software developers
291:SQL Server Report Builder
49:graphical control element
38:graphical user interfaces
1588:Microsoft Office website
1050:Microsoft Office website
1014:Microsoft Office website
523:, have been proposed as
253:applications, including
124:graphical user interface
51:in the form of a set of
2393:Zoomable user interface
667:Dictionary of Computing
601:Metro (design language)
251:Windows Live Essentials
2198:Client-side decoration
1433:Sibelius (scorewriter)
1299:. Nielsen Norman Group
1021:. 2007. Archived from
389:menu navigation system
385:Sibelius (scorewriter)
40:
2276:Breadcrumb navigation
1117:SuperSite for Windows
310:Microsoft Office 2021
299:Microsoft Mathematics
240:Microsoft Office 2010
201:Microsoft Office 2007
193:Microsoft Office 2021
172:Microsoft Office 2007
130:of various sizes and
77:Microsoft Office 2007
35:
1211:. Edgewood Solutions
562:redbook about eSuite
346:Nielsen Norman Group
281:feature ribbons. On
199:With the release of
1697:Outside the Beltway
1508:on 25 November 2005
547:Macromedia HomeSite
517:Macromedia HomeSite
402:In September 2012,
100:Macromedia HomeSite
94:, Sausage Software
2135:Progress indicator
2110:HUD in video games
1833:. 13 February 2018
1356:libre-software.net
1273:on 5 December 2010
486:Patent controversy
303:Microsoft Power BI
153:Microsoft software
55:placed on several
41:
2401:
2400:
2248:Window decoration
2203:Disclosure widget
2007:Data input-output
1968:Adjustment handle
1662:978-960-474-245-5
1615:Mendelson, Edward
1061:on 4 January 2008
825:978-0-88022-720-9
738:978-0-444-87145-9
569:Corel Corporation
393:remained integral
353:Red Flag Software
295:Dynamics CRM 2011
85:Adobe Dreamweaver
16:(Redirected from
2421:
2346:Related concepts
2327:Inspector window
2312:Alert dialog box
2305:
2208:Frame / Fieldset
1988:Hamburger button
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1843:
1842:
1840:
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1811:
1805:
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1785:
1779:
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1715:
1709:
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1706:
1704:
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1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1536:Redmond Magazine
1527:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:. MathWorks, Inc
1446:
1440:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1389:. 5 January 2010
1373:
1367:
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1364:
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1347:
1341:
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1289:
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1189:
1170:
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1161:
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1138:
1132:
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1129:
1127:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1057:. Archived from
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
975:
969:
968:
966:
964:
943:
937:
935:
933:
931:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
880:
871:
870:
868:
866:
846:
840:
839:
834:
832:
817:
807:
801:
800:
795:
793:
773:
767:
766:
760:
752:
747:
745:
723:
717:
716:
698:
689:
688:
670:
660:
654:
653:
648:
646:
624:
509:
498:
369:Sun Microsystems
363:including a new
244:Microsoft Office
184:
163:
21:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2341:
2300:
2295:
2291:Virtual desktop
2259:
2176:
2088:
2002:
1956:
1951:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1873:Further reading
1852:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1733:
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1717:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1541:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
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1448:
1447:
1443:
1427:
1423:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1025:on 5 March 2008
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
977:
976:
972:
962:
960:
945:
944:
940:
929:
927:
914:
913:
909:
899:
897:
882:
881:
874:
864:
862:
848:
847:
843:
830:
828:
826:
809:
808:
804:
791:
789:
775:
774:
770:
753:
743:
741:
739:
725:
724:
720:
700:
699:
692:
679:
662:
661:
657:
644:
642:
628:"Computerworld"
626:
625:
621:
616:
585:
577:utility patents
531:
530:
529:
528:
512:
511:
510:
501:
500:
499:
488:
416:
395:to the current
325:
197:
196:
195:
190:
185:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
155:
132:drop-down lists
108:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Widget toolkit
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:Layout manager
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2337:Palette window
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2286:Navigation bar
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2240:
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2271:Address bar
2034:Date picker
1837:28 February
1620:PC Magazine
1502:Office "12"
1297:nngroup.com
1267:nngroup.com
702:"InfoWorld"
590:Ribbon Hero
575:and ribbon
551:Dreamweaver
527:for ribbons
451:power users
439:Jeff Atwood
424:Office 2003
420:Office 2000
263:Movie Maker
134:containing
2317:Dialog box
2181:Containers
2162:Status bar
2069:Search box
1742:screenshot
1629:Ziff Davis
1209:MSSQL Tips
1153:Condé Nast
963:16 October
930:16 October
614:References
236:PowerPoint
2378:Scrolling
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2193:Tree view
2188:Accordion
2064:Scrollbar
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2024:Combo box
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1729:Microsoft
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1593:Microsoft
1091:Microsoft
1055:Microsoft
1019:Microsoft
988:Microsoft
958:Microsoft
953:Channel 9
925:Microsoft
860:Microsoft
787:0199-6649
778:InfoWorld
757:cite book
710:0199-6649
640:0010-4841
539:prior art
525:prior art
432:Office 95
428:Office 97
404:MathWorks
381:Microsoft
377:Avid Tech
334:Windows 7
330:Windows 8
283:Windows 8
271:Windows 7
205:menu bars
106:Early use
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2084:Text box
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2014:Checkbox
1998:Pie menu
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1512:25 April
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1237:PC World
1126:27 April
1096:22 April
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480:New Coke
463:PC World
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543:HotDog
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443:menus
275:Paint
228:Excel
136:icons
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1667:ISSN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
