1199:
201:
448:...the Igdalen and the Iberogan have for many purposes been treated as one group, and their speech forms are closely related. Nicolaï uses "tihishit" as a common designator for these two speech forms...; however, this term is ambiguous. "Tihishit" is a term of
1144:-, which functions as perfective negation, and is the default choice for negation. It indicates something that might have happened in the past, but didn't, or in the case of stative verbs, something that is not true. The other negation prefix is
1494:
1351:
797:
1017:
Each of the vowels /i, e, ə, a, o, u/ tend to fluctuate within the presence of the phonemes /x, ɣ, q, ʕ, ħ/ or of a pharyngealized consonant, as .
1282:. De l'Atlantique à l'Ennedi (Catalogue de l'exposition « Sahara-Sahel »), Centre Culturel Français d'Abidjan (Ed.) (1989) 155-173
1533:
861:
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830:
1318:
710:
604:
1344:
965:
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689:
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452:
origin meaning "the language of the blacks". The
Igdalen and Iberogan used it to refer to all Northern Songhay speech forms.
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481:
276:
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1148:-, which acts as a negation in the present or future. Uses of this negation are shown in these examples:
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valley on the Niger–Mali border. The
Iberogan sometimes refer to their language as Tagdal.
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1409:
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considers it a "mixed Berber–Songhay language", while other researchers consider it
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In
Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
1211:
This map is based on classification from
Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
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577:
172:
156:
1186:
163:
143:
434:
1267:
Northern
Songhay languages in Mali and Niger, a sociolinguistic survey
1243:"Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology in Tagdal: A Mixed Language"
17:
426:
1329:
1310:
Inflectional vs. Derivational
Morphology in Tagdal: A Mixed Language
406:. Nicolaï (1981) argued that Tagdal was originally derived from the
1038:
Tagdal gets its pronominal system from
Northern Songhay languages.
1140:
Tadgal has two different prefixes used for negation. The first is
422:
395:
51:
1333:
410:
and adopted characteristics of
Songhai rather than vice versa.
1248:. In Masangu Matondo; Fiona Mc Laughlin; Eric Potsdam (eds.).
1223:
Wörterbuch zur
Sprache und Kultur der Twareg II Deutsch-Twareg
1252:. Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. pp. 69–83.
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There are two dialects: Tagdal proper, spoken by the
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444:as a cover term. Rueck & Christiansen say that
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1313:. Cascadilla Proceedings Project. pp. 69–83.
1280:Les langues parlées au sud Sahara et au nord Sahel
1294:A Grammar of Tagdal: a Northern Songhay language
1488:
1345:
8:
1236:
1234:
1232:
890:/w/ may be heard as in the Tarbun dialect.
421:who inhabit a region to the east along the
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1352:
1338:
1330:
1161:: I was not going/I do not (habitually) go
199:
29:
1269:. Summer Institute of Linguistics (1999).
1089:
1040:
898:
465:
1225:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 735.
1176:
1030:, most likely due to Tuareg influence.
433:, spoken by the Iberogan people of the
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321:
1265:Michael J Rueck; Niels Christiansen.
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468:
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7:
1456:
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1307:Benítez-Torres, Carlos M. (2009).
1292:Benítez-Torres, Carlos M. (2021).
1241:Benítez-Torres, Carlos M. (2009).
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440:Nicolaï (1981) uses the name
1467:. You can help Knowledge by
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1534:Nilo-Saharan language stubs
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392:Northern Songhay language
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1278:Catherine Taine-Cheikh.
1463:–related article is a
1461:Nilo-Saharan languages
1221:Ritter, Georg (2009).
1028:agglutinative language
454:
446:
1296:. Leiden University.
1092:
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268:Tondi Songway Kiini
1519:Languages of Niger
1091:Subject prefixes:
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212:Northwest Songhay:
74:65,000 (2021)
1524:Songhay languages
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1195:(26th ed., 2023)
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16:(Redirected from
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383:(Tuareg name:
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1415:Humburi Senni
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277:Humburi Senni
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19:
1469:expanding it
1458:
1450:
1425:Koyra Chiini
1381:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1274:
1249:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1190:
1167:: I disagree
1164:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1037:
1025:
447:
441:
439:
430:
419:pastoralists
412:
384:
380:
379:
258:
257:
255: Tagdal
230:Koyra Chiini
211:
210:
205:Location of
171:
105:
90:Nilo-Saharan
1435:Tondi Kiini
856:Approximant
394:of central
1508:Categories
1377:Tadaksahak
1192:Ethnologue
1172:References
462:Consonants
425:border to
400:Ethnologue
239:Tadaksahak
64:, Iberogan
1165:ɣɑnəyɑrdɑ
1098:Singular
1048:Singular
684:voiceless
679:Fricative
583:voiceless
578:Affricate
482:Post-alv.
457:Phonology
173:Glottolog
157:ISO 639-3
58:Ethnicity
1402:Southern
1387:Korandje
1369:Northern
1159:ɣɑsɘbkoy
1034:Pronouns
477:Alveolar
442:Tihishit
371:Language
366:Iberogan
346:Language
221:Korandje
180:tagd1238
144:Tifinagh
119:Dialects
43:Tihishit
1392:Tasawaq
1153:ɣɑnɘkoy
1120:ɘn/ni-
1101:Plural
1051:Plural
1022:Grammar
910:Central
823:Lateral
573:Plosive
509:Glottal
502:Pharyn-
487:Palatal
450:Tamajaq
435:Azawagh
431:Tabarog
387:) is a
385:Tagdalt
374:Tabarog
341:Igdalan
248:Tasawaq
127:Tabarog
96:Songhay
62:Igdalen
1382:Tagdal
1317:
1187:Tagdal
1123:ɑnji-
895:Vowels
742:voiced
631:voiced
497:Uvular
472:Labial
427:Tahoua
381:Tagdal
363:People
358:Abarog
349:Tagdal
338:People
330:Person
311:
309:
302:
300:
293:
291:
284:
282:
275:
273:
266:
264:
253:
246:
244:
237:
235:
228:
226:
219:
217:
193:Tagdal
124:Tagdal
106:Tagdal
33:Tagdal
18:Tagdal
1459:This
1440:Zarma
1420:Kaado
1410:Dendi
1246:(PDF)
1112:iri-
1084:ingi
1081:ɑnga
1073:ɑnji
922:Close
905:Front
530:Nasal
522:phar.
516:plain
492:Velar
423:Niger
396:Niger
389:mixed
333:Agdal
325:Agdal
313:Dendi
52:Niger
1465:stub
1315:ISBN
1128:3rd
1117:2nd
1109:ɣɑ-
1106:1st
1078:3rd
1070:nin
1067:2nd
1062:iri
1059:ɣɑy
1056:1st
993:Open
915:Back
504:geal
1189:at
1134:i-
1131:ɑ-
955:Mid
790:Tap
188:ELP
164:tda
1510::
1258:^
1231:^
1179:^
1146:sɘ
1142:nɘ
1006:aː
985:oː
966:eː
947:uː
933:iː
838:lˤ
805:ɾˤ
757:zˤ
704:sˤ
658:dʒ
651:dˤ
605:tʃ
598:tˤ
550:nˤ
417:,
398:.
92:?
1496:e
1489:t
1482:v
1471:.
1353:e
1346:t
1339:v
1323:.
1001:a
980:o
973:ə
961:e
942:u
928:i
873:j
862:w
831:l
798:ɾ
780:ʕ
771:ɣ
764:ʒ
750:z
734:h
727:ħ
718:x
711:ʃ
697:s
690:f
665:ɡ
644:d
637:b
619:q
612:k
591:t
575:/
559:ŋ
543:n
536:m
484:/
20:)
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