162:
617:
625:
170:
31:
766:. It still receives much criticism today, mainly for territorial and environmental reasons. With respect to this controversy, Melgarejo et al. observe: "Thirty years after the commission of the Tagus-Segura Aqueduct, it's hard to understand why its use still hasn't been normalized, and why the distribution of water is still in question."
440:. These changes, while maintaining the source basin's precedence and respecting the specifications of its resource planning, are meant to improve system management by establishing a set of impartial technical standards to eliminate previous insecurities and to provide objective, straightforward criteria for operation.
282:(General Proposal for the Joint Management of Hydraulic Resources in Central and Southeastern Spain, Tagus-Segura System). The construction of the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer formed an integral part of this proposal. In 1979, the Segura Basin received the first waters originating from the Tagus River.
717:
The volume of water assigned for agricultural irrigation from the Tagus-Segura Water
Transfer is 400,000,000 m (320,000 acre⋅ft), approximately 53% for new irrigation plots and the rest for replenishing previously irrigated land. According to mid-2009 concession proceedings, the irrigable
480:
When the total water supply in
Entrepeñas and Buendía is less than 1,300,000,000 m (1,100,000 acre⋅ft) without reaching the volumes given in Level 3, and the total inflow recorded in the previous twelve months is less than 1,200,000,000 m (970,000 acre⋅ft), the relevant agency
651:
Except in duly confirmed cases of catastrophe or extreme need that disrupt the transfer of water, if the approved volumes outlined in Levels 1 and 2 have not been transferred within the authorized time period, they may still be sent within the three months following the deadline, unless a level
639:
When the total water supply in
Entrepeñas and Buendía is less than 400,000,000 m (320,000 acre⋅ft), no transference is permitted. In order for the reservoir supply to reach this new minimum figure from the one previously fixed at 240,000,000 m (190,000 acre⋅ft), a five-year
733:
The average yearly water volume transferred into the Segura Basin from 1979-2014 was 328,000,000 m (266,000 acre⋅ft) per year (55% of the allowed maximum). Volumes transferred for public use have not varied greatly over time, unlike irrigation transfers, whose average yearly sum was
419:
Section IV is for the most part formed by the Talave Tunnel's length of 32 km (20 mi), which runs at varying depths between 150 m (490 ft) and 320 m (1,050 ft). The course then emerges into the Talave Canal, which leads at last to the Talave
Reservoir on the
389:
of the transfer system. It permits water from the
Bolarque Reservoir at 636 meters (2,087 feet) to be pumped through two metallic pipes up to the Bujeda Reservoir in the Sierra de Altomira, a 245 m (804 ft) rise in elevation. This task is accomplished by the reversible
655:
Resources authorized for transfer may be used throughout the water year. If any transferred water remains in the receiving basin after the end of the water year, it will be redistributed as an available resource for use in the transfer system during the following water year.
749:
and more than 100,000 jobs, if commercialization and processing activities are included. Despite these figures, the Tagus-Segura Water
Transfer has always been the subject of heated debate, having been used from the beginning as a means to criticize the previous
443:
Water is dispensed into the transfer system on a monthly basis, depending on the total water supply available in the reservoirs of
Entrepeñas and Buendía at the beginning of every month. Four levels are used to specify the distribution
677:
In regard to Levels 1 and 2, transfer authorization should be granted over six-month terms, while three-month terms are preferred for Level 3 unless the relevant agency should justify the use of different intervals at any level.
632:
At this level, which constitutes an irregular hydrological situation, the relevant agency shall authorize at its discretion and with valid justification a transference of up to 20,000,000 m (16,000 acre⋅ft).
773:
possible in the
Spanish southeast, consequently placing the region among the largest European outdoor producers of out-of-season crops. For this reason, it is widely known as the "vegetable garden of Europe."
1118:
Treinta años después de iniciada la explotación del
Acueducto Tajo-Segura, resulta díficil de entender que su funcionamiento todavía no se haya normalizado y que todavía se siga cuestionando el suministro de
647:
reservoirs for the holding of authorized transfers pending distribution, before the intermediate and terminal basins, as long as this practice conforms to a reasonable and cohesive use of the whole system.
339:
295:
876:
1194:
1169:
1057:
San Martín González, Enrique (2011). "VI.1.1. La polémica durante los primeros pasos del trasvase" [The
Controversy During the First Stages of the Transfer].
670:
The Central Commission for Exploitation of the Tajo-Segura will be responsible for authorizing transfers when the conditions for Levels 1 and 2 are met, while the
1189:
242:
1184:
1199:
1164:
398:, capable of pumping 66 m/s (2,300 cu ft/s). The Bolarque-Bujeda system was designed to pump an anticipated 1,000,000,000 m (810,000
487:
Assigned when the total water supply in Entrepeñas and Buendía does not exceed, at the beginning of the month, the values shown in the following table:
466:
When the total water supply in Entrepeñas and Buendía is equal to or greater than 1,300,000,000 m (1,100,000 acre⋅ft), or when the total
271:(National Plan of Hydraulic Works), which included the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer; however, for various reasons, the plan was never realized.
1103:
988:
667:, in a 25% to 75% proportion respectively, always assuring at least 7,500,000 m (6,100 acre⋅ft) per month for urban water supply.
1096:
The Socioeconomic Value of the Tagus-Segura Transfer: Legal and Economic Analysis Considering the Hypothesis of Its Reduction or Suspension
793:
690:
enabling the regulation, transport, and final distribution of water to the various recipient zones. Its principal component is the Ojós
470:
of these reservoirs in the previous twelve months is equal to or greater than 1,200,000,000 m (970,000 acre⋅ft), the relevant
950:
871:
413:, an intermediate resting place where the transfer's flow can be regulated and compensation can be made in case of system disruption.
1092:
El valor socioeconómico del trasvase Tajo-Segura : análisis jurídico y económico ante la hipótesis de su reducción o cancelación
1159:
280:
Anteproyecto General del Aprovechamiento Conjunto de los Recursos Hidráulicos del Centro y Sureste de España, Complejo Tajo-Segura
818:
763:
391:
123:
981:
Modernizing Irrigation: Social and Economic Sustainability. The Unique Case of the Tagus-Segura Transfer Irrigation Systems.
754:, under whose authority construction of the transfer began. However, the transfer cannot be considered the work of any one
1058:
674:
with authority concerning water resources, having received the commission's report, will authorize transfers at Level 3.
1179:
1174:
671:
1149:
977:
Modernización de regadíos: Sostenibilidad social y económica. La singularidad de los regadíos del Trasvase Tajo-Segura
1005:
1098:] (in Spanish). Author's trans. Alicante: COEPA D.L. and Fundación Agua y Progreso de la Comunidad Valenciana.
150:
260:
1134:
161:
145:
1031:
798:
382:
of 33 cubic meters per second (1,200 cubic feet per second). The transfer's structure comprises four sections:
783:
759:
222:
218:
140:
44:
848:[Irrigation in the Region of Murcia: Characterization and Analysis through Performance Indicators]
241:
Although it was mentioned as early as 1902, the origin of the transfer system dates back to 1932, when the
703:
249:
481:
shall authorize a transfer of 38,000,000 m (31,000 acre⋅ft), not exceeding the yearly maximum.
474:
shall authorize a transfer of 60,000,000 m (49,000 acre⋅ft), not exceeding the yearly maximum.
437:
198:
845:
616:
1154:
406:
386:
379:
174:
58:
741:
in 2013, the food and agriculture industry linked with the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer brings in a
210:
76:
898:
924:
711:
467:
275:
254:
226:
178:
846:"El regadío en la Región de Murcia. Caracterización y análisis mediante indicadores de gestión"
394:
plant Bolarque II, which relies on four vertical generator assemblies with their corresponding
1109:
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984:
770:
471:
788:
755:
727:
245:
190:
135:
751:
395:
264:
1065:
An Economic Analysis of the Interbasin Water Transfer Systems: the Tagus-Segura Transfer
695:
687:
410:
1090:
Melgarejo Moreno, Joaquín; Molina Giménez, Andrés; Del Villar García, Alberto (2010).
624:
1143:
691:
421:
1060:
Un análisis económico de los trasvases de agua intercuencas: el trasvase tajo-segura
1008:[Principal References for the Tagus-Segura Transfer Concerning Irrigation].
844:
Soto García, Mariano; Martínez Álvarez, Victoriano; Martín Górriz, Bernardo (2004).
169:
30:
660:
644:
643:
To promote the development of riverside communities, priority will be given to the
230:
734:
204,000,000 m (165,000 acre⋅ft), almost half of the allocated quantity.
852:(in Spanish). Sindicato Central de Regantes del Acueducto Tajo-Segura. p. 38
707:
686:
The Talave Reservoir marks the beginning of the post-transfer system. This is a
290:
The Tagus-Segura Water Transfer links the Bolarque Reservoir on the Tagus River
206:
1006:"Principales referencias del Trasvase Tajo-Segura relacionadas con el regadío"
664:
451:
214:
1113:
718:
zones of the post-transfer system comprise a nominal surface area of 132,724
450:
with a maximum annual total of 650,000,000 m (530,000 acre⋅ft) per
355:
341:
311:
297:
425:
399:
436:
Law 21/2013 introduced major changes to the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer's
455:
385:
Section I includes the ascent at Altomira, a key piece in explaining the
951:"Tagus-Segura Distribution Canals: Distribution Canals, General Outline"
975:
Gómez Espín, J.M.; López Fernández, J.A.; Montaner Salas, M.E. (2011).
726:), of which 82,257 ha (203,260 acres), or 62%, are located in the
719:
454:(600,000,000 (490,000) for the Segura and 50,000,000 (41,000) for the
173:
Part of one of the transfer system's aqueducts in its passage through
762:, built under Franco's dictatorship, and put into service during the
445:
1135:
Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura (Segura River Basin Authority)
901:[Law 21/2013, on December 9, for Environmental Evaluation]
746:
699:
623:
615:
202:
168:
160:
48:
1071:(Doctoral thesis). Universidad Nacional de Educación A Distancia
723:
769:
The official launching of the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer made
742:
738:
416:
Section III joins the Alarcón Reservoir to the Talave Tunnel.
821:[History of the Tagus-Segura Transfer: Approval].
899:"Ley 21/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de evaluación ambiental"
278:
of July 30, 1966, which commissioned the drafting of the
1034:[Economic Impact of the Tagus-Segura Transfer]
620:
Tagus-Segura Transfer in its passage through Albacete
378:
It is 292 kilometers (181 miles) in length and has a
274:
The transfer system project was resumed through the
108:
100:
95:
87:
82:
72:
64:
54:
40:
21:
927:[Royal Decree 773/2014, on September 12]
1038:(in Spanish). PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers). 2013
405:Section II connects the Bujeda Reservoir to the
819:"Historia del Trasvase Tajo-Segura: Aprobación"
706:; the main canal of the left riverbank and the
955:Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment
877:Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment
659:Authorized transfers will be divided between
8:
1032:"Impacto económico del trasvase Tajo-Segura"
925:"Real Decreto 773/2014, de 12 de septiembre"
872:"Tagus-Segura Distribution Canals: Transfer"
983:] (in Spanish). Universidad de Murcia.
640:transitional program will be implemented.
18:
16:System to feed the Talave Reservoir, Spain
1004:Soto García, Mariano (14 November 2014).
1195:Geography of the Province of Guadalajara
710:Canal; and La Pedrera Reservoir and the
694:, from which proceed the following: the
489:
334:with the Talave Reservoir on the Segura
810:
259:with the formulation of a plan for the
1190:Geography of the Province of Alicante
7:
1170:Geography of the Province of Almería
794:Water supply and sanitation in Spain
229:) into the Talave Reservoir on the
1200:Economy of the Valencian Community
367:Trasvase Tajo-Segura, southern end
323:Trasvase Tajo-Segura, northern end
269:Plan Nacional de Obras Hidráulicas
14:
1165:Geography of the Region of Murcia
737:According to estimations made by
267:. A year later, he presented the
197:) is one of the largest works of
702:of the right riverbank, and the
29:
1185:Geography of Castilla–La Mancha
931:(in Spanish). 13 September 2014
764:Spanish transition to democracy
905:(in Spanish). 11 December 2013
1:
35:The transfer system's course.
1079:– via Fundación Aquae.
758:: it was planned during the
187:Tagus-Segura Water Transfer
151:GPX (secondary coordinates)
23:Tagus-Segura Water Transfer
1216:
209:is channeled through this
573:
532:
146:GPX (primary coordinates)
121:Map all coordinates using
91:286 km (178 mi)
28:
1160:Bodies of water of Spain
823:Región de Murcia Digital
799:List of tunnels in Spain
243:Minister of Public Works
129:Download coordinates as:
784:Aqueduct (water supply)
760:Second Spanish Republic
223:Province of Guadalajara
45:Province of Guadalajara
629:
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182:
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688:complex of structures
627:
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396:Francis pump-turbines
199:hydraulic engineering
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141:GPX (all coordinates)
752:Francoist government
698:elevation, the main
682:Post-transfer system
250:Manuel Lorenzo Pardo
195:Trasvase Tajo-Segura
175:Carrascosa del Campo
68:Trasvase Tajo-Segura
59:Province of Albacete
1180:Irrigation in Spain
1175:Interbasin transfer
448:for each transfer,
351: /
307: /
248:entrusted engineer
77:Government of Spain
1150:Aqueducts in Spain
712:Campo de Cartagena
630:
622:
356:38.5195°N 1.9001°W
312:40.3613°N 2.8205°W
227:Province of Cuenca
183:
167:
165:Bolarque Reservoir
101:Construction start
1105:978-84-933835-6-5
1010:El regadío (blog)
990:978-84-8371-462-1
771:intensive farming
745:of 2,364 million
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407:Alarcón Reservoir
387:energy efficiency
276:Ministerial Order
205:. Water from the
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231:Segura River
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88:Total length
1155:Tagus basin
1075:10 February
1042:10 February
1016:10 February
960:10 February
935:10 February
909:10 February
883:10 February
856:10 February
829:10 February
708:Crevillente
422:Mundo River
411:Júcar River
359: /
315: /
253: [
207:Tagus River
1144:Categories
805:References
665:irrigation
574:acre-feet
452:water year
432:Regulation
365: (
343:38°31′10″N
321: (
299:40°21′41″N
261:management
219:Entrepeñas
215:reservoirs
1114:733880671
722:(327,970
645:headwater
637:Level 4.
485:Level 3.
478:Level 2.
464:Level 1.
426:tributary
400:acre-feet
380:flow rate
346:1°54′00″W
302:2°49′14″W
213:from the
778:See also
720:hectares
672:ministry
610:512,000
456:Guadiana
714:Canal.
607:536,000
604:558,000
601:546,000
598:523,000
595:475,000
592:479,000
589:484,000
586:488,000
583:490,000
580:494,000
577:497,000
533:m x 10
409:on the
237:History
191:Spanish
96:History
1112:
1102:
1067:]
987:
696:Blanca
472:agency
468:inflow
446:volume
286:Course
179:Cuenca
109:Opened
41:Begins
1119:agua.
1094:[
1069:(PDF)
1063:[
1036:(PDF)
979:[
929:(PDF)
903:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
747:euros
724:acres
700:canal
528:Sep.
257:]
203:Spain
49:Spain
1110:OCLC
1100:ISBN
1077:2015
1044:2015
1018:2015
985:ISBN
962:2015
937:2015
911:2015
885:2015
858:2015
831:2015
663:and
569:631
525:Aug.
522:Jul.
519:Jun.
513:Apr.
510:Mar.
507:Feb.
504:Jan.
501:Dec.
498:Nov.
495:Oct.
424:, a
185:The
112:1979
104:1969
55:Ends
743:GDP
739:PwC
566:661
563:688
560:673
557:645
554:586
551:591
548:597
545:602
542:605
539:609
536:613
516:May
217:of
136:KML
1146::
1116:.
1108:.
953:.
874:.
730:.
460:.
376:).
255:es
233:.
193::
47:,
1046:.
1020:.
993:.
964:.
939:.
913:.
887:.
860:.
833:.
458:)
369:)
336:(
332:)
325:)
292:(
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189:(
181:)
177:(
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