Tajiks - Knowledge (XXG)

749: 2013: 757: 4408:"The Historical Era gene flow derived from the Eastern Steppe with the representative of Mongolia_Xiongnu_o1 made a more substantial contribution to Kyrgyz and other Turkic-speaking populations (i.e., Kazakh, Uyghur, Turkmen, and Uzbek; 34.9–55.2%) higher than that to the Tajik populations (11.6–18.6%; fig. 4A), suggesting Tajiks suffer fewer impacts of the recent admixtures (Martínez-Cruz et al. 2011). Consequently, the Tajik populations generally present patterns of genetic continuity of Central Asians since the Bronze Age. Our results are consistent with linguistic and genetic evidence that the spreading of Indo-European speakers into Central Asia was earlier than the expansion of Turkic speakers (Kuz′mina and Mallory 2007; Yunusbayev et al. 2015)." 605: 1244:, the head of the Uzbek Communist Party, Tajiks had to choose either stay in Uzbekistan and get registered as Uzbek in their passports or leave the republic for Tajikistan, which is mountainous and less agricultural. It is only in the last population census (1989) that the nationality could be reported not according to the passport, but freely declared based on the respondent's ethnic self-identification. This had the effect of increasing the Tajik population in Uzbekistan from 3.9% in 1979 to 4.7% in 1989. Some scholars estimate that Tajiks may make up 35% of Uzbekistan's population, and believe that just like Afghanistan, there are more Tajiks in Uzbekistan than in Tajikistan. 4052:"The Tajik mtDNA gene pool harbors nearly equal proportions of eastern Eurasian and western Eurasian haplotypes"...."The genetic features of other ethnic populations likely also reflect their documented demographic histories. For instance, the small mtDNA distance between the Tajik and Uzbek populations suggests a recent shared history. Tajiks and Uzbeks were only formally differentiated in 1929 when the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was established, and up to 40% of the current Uzbek population is of Tajik ancestry (Library of Congress Federal Research Division Country Profile: Uzbekistan Feb 2007)." 706:, a leading historian of Iranian and Central Asian history, the Persian migration to Central Asia may be considered the beginning of the modern Tajik nation, and ethnic Persians, along with some elements of East-Iranian Bactrians and Sogdians, as the main ancestors of modern Tajiks. In later works, Frye expands on the complexity of the historical origins of the Tajiks. In a 1996 publication, Frye explains that many "factors must be taken into account in explaining the evolution of the peoples whose remnants are the Tajiks in Central Asia" and that "the peoples of Central Asia, whether 3936: 2305: 245: 1462: 596: 1513: 2309: 4088:, p. 392: "The south Asian component is comprised of nine mtDNA sequences (9.9%) belonging to the macrohaplogroups M and R . Two sequences were assigned to main branches of M including M3a1 (1.1%) and M30 (1.1%). Macrohaplogroup R was represented by six mtDNA sequences (6.6%) belonging to R0a (1 sample), R1 (2 samples), R2 (1 sample), and R5a (2 samples). One Tajik mtDNA sequence (1.1%) belonged to aforementioned U2b2, a south Asian autochthonous subhaplogroup of the macrohaplogroup R ." 883:, now under Turkish rule, as early as the poet ʿOnṣori, ca. 1025 (Dabirsiāqi, pp. 3377, 3408). Iranians soon accepted it as an ethnonym, as is shown by a Persian court official's referring to mā tāzikān "we Tajiks" (Bayhaqi, ed. Fayyāz, p. 594). The distinction between Turk and Tajik became stereotyped to express the symbiosis and rivalry of the (ideally) nomadic military executive and the urban civil bureaucracy (Niẓām al-Molk: tāzik, pp. 146, 178–79; Fragner, "Tādjīk. 2" in EI2 10, p. 63). 1002: 205: 963: 5827: 99: 2086: 1679: 225: 185: 139: 119: 1189: 62: 265: 579: 165: 748: 5065: 2012: 1536:

samples). Both historical and more recent geneflow (~1500 years ago) shaped the genetic makeup of Southern Central Asian populations, such as the Tajiks. A follow-up study by Dai et al. (2022) estimated that the Tajiks derive between 11.6 and 18.6% ancestry from admixture with from an East-Eurasian

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According to the last Soviet census in 1989, there were 3,149 Tajiks in Turkmenistan, or less than 0.1% of the total population of 3.5 million at that time. The first population census of independent Turkmenistan conducted in 1995 showed 3,103 Tajiks in a population of 4.4 million (0.07%), most of

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The Tajiks are the direct descendants of the Iranian peoples whose continuous presence in Central Asia and northern Afghanistan is attested from the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The ancestors of the Tajiks constituted the core of the ancient population of Khwārezm (Khorezm) and Bactria, which

2690:

B. A. Litvinsky, Ahmad Hasan Dani (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Age of Achievement, A.D. 750 to the end of the 15th-century. Excerpt: "...they were the basis for the emergence and gradual consolidation of what became an Eastern Persian-Tajik ethnic identity." pp. 101. UNESCO.

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West Eurasian maternal lineages included haplogroups H, J, K, T, I, W and U. East Eurasian lineages included haplogroups M, C, Z, D, G, A, Y and B. South Asian lineages detected in this study included haplogroups M and R. One lineage in the Tajik sample was assigned to the North African maternal

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languages. The Tajiks and their ancestors have inhabited Northern Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Central Asia continuously for many millennia. Northern Afghanistan in particular was significantly Tajik in ethnic makeup for most of its history, and only recently inhabited by other groups like the

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Lena Jonson (1976) "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", I.B.Tauris, p. 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 3% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya,

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Karl Cordell, "Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe", Routledge, 1998. p. 201: "Consequently, the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajikis within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academic and international

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who in the past were considered by the government of the Soviet Union nationalities separate from the Tajiks. In the 1926 and 1937 Soviet censuses, the Yaghnobis and Pamiri language speakers were counted as separate nationalities. After 1937, these groups were required to register as Tajiks.

2052:, dropped the Russian suffix "-ov" from his surname and directed others to adopt Tajik names when registering births. According to a government announcement in October 2009, approximately 4,000 Tajik nationals have dropped "ov" and "ev" from their surnames since the start of the year. 1772:

introduced the Latin script in 1928, and later the Cyrillic script, the Persian dialect of Tajikistan came to be disassociated from the Tajik language. Many Tajik authors have lamented this artificial separation of the Tajik language from its Iranian heritage. One Tajik poem relates:

1532:(~8%). According to the authors, the South Asian (Great Andamanese) affinity of Tajiks was previously unreported, although evidence for the presence of a deep South Asian ancestry was already found previously in other Central Asian samples (e.g. among modern Turkmens and historical 1717: 1235:

Official statistics in Uzbekistan state that the Tajik community accounts for 5% of the nation's population. However, these numbers do not include ethnic Tajiks who, for a variety of reasons, choose to identify themselves as Uzbeks in population census forms. During the Soviet

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of eastern Afghanistan have deliberately been listed as Tajik by census takers and government agents. This is a result of the census takers being Tajik themselves, wanting to increase their own numbers for “consequent benefits”. Although, Pashayi-speaking

2069:. In 1989, the original name of the language (Farsi) had been added to its official name in brackets, though Rahmon's government renamed the language to simply "Tajiki" in 1994. On 6 October 2009, Tajikistan adopted the law that removes Russian as the 694:. Possibly are descendants from other groups, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians and non-Iranian peoples. The latter group may include Greeks who were known to have settled in the Tajikistan and Uzbekistan region following the conquests of 1504:

Y-DNA. ~45% of Tajik men share R1a (M17), ~18% J (M172), ~8% R2 (M124), and ~8% C (M130 & M48). Tajiks of Panjikent score 68% R1a, Tajiks of Khojant score 64% R1a. The high frequency of haplogroup R1a in the Tajiks probably reflects a strong

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and mandated Tajik as the language to be used in official documents and education, with an exception for members Tajikistan's ethnic minority groups, who would be permitted to receive an education in the language of their choosing.

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in China. Some of the famous Islamic scholars were from either modern or historical East-Iranian regions lying in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and therefore can arguably be viewed as Tajiks. They include

1821:, which included parts of modern Central Asia and much of Afghanistan and constitutes as the Tajik's ancestral homeland, played a key role in the development and propagation of Persian language and culture throughout much of 1431:, between 700 and 1,200 Tajiks arrived in Pakistan, mainly as students, the children of Tajik refugees in Afghanistan. In 2002, around 300 requested to return home and were repatriated back to Tajikistan with the help of the 3374:

Country Factfiles. — Afghanistan, page 153. // Atlas. Fourth Edition. Editors: Ben Hoare, Margaret Parrish. Publisher: Jonathan Metcalf. First published in Great Britain in 2001 by Dorling Kindersley Limited. London:

4000:"The Tajik mtDNA pool was characterized by substantial admixture of western and eastern Eurasian haplogroups, 62.6% and 26.4% sequences, respectively. It also contained 9.9% of South Asian and 1.1% of African haplotypes." 1408:

or federal subjects near the Kazakhstan border. There are currently estimated to be over one million Tajik guest workers living in Russia, with their remittances accounting for as much as half of Tajikistan's economy.

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region (Bartol'd , "Tadžiki," pp. 455–57). Hence the Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of the Iranian word, täžik, to designate their Muslim adversaries in general. For example, the rulers of the south Indian

4076:, p. 392: "The eastern Eurasian component is represented by haplogroups M8, M10, C, Z, D, G of the macrohaplogroup M, haplogroups A and Y1 of the macrohaplogroup N, and haplogroup B of the macrohaplogroup R ." 1476:

of Tajiks from Tajikistan revealed substantial admixture of West Eurasian and East Eurasian lineages, and also the presence of South Asian and North African lineages, as well. Another study reports that "the Tajik

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Schematic map showing the possible admixture model for Tajik populations. The time in parentheses represent a range. Arrows in different colors indicate ancestral sources and directions of the gene flows.

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in the south and along Uzbekistan's eastern border with Tajikistan. According to official statistics (2000), Surxondaryo Region accounts for 20.4% of all Tajiks in Uzbekistan, with another 34.3% in

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The most plausible and generally accepted origin of the word is Middle Persian tāzīk 'Arab' (cf. New Persian tāzi), or an Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. The Muslim armies that

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Moḥammad Reẓa Shafi‘ī-Kadkanī, ‘Borbad’s Khusravanis – First Iranian Songs’, in Iraj Bashiri (tr and ed), From the Hymns of Zarathustra to the Songs of Borbad, Dushanbe, 2003, p. 135.

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proposed a draft law to have the nation's language referred to as "Tajiki-Farsi" rather than "Tajik." The proposal drew criticism from Russian media since the bill sought to remove the

4064:, p. 392: "The western Eurasian component is represented by haplo- groups HV/, HV0, H, J, K, T, and U of the macrohaplogroup R, and haplogroups I and W of the macrohaplogroup N ." 6138: 2036:

script in Tajikistan. Furthermore, Tajikistan in particular has been a focal point for this movement, and the government there has made a conscious effort to revive the legacy of the

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of Afghanistan, as the nation hosted an international symposium that drew scientific and religious leaders. The construction of one of the largest mosques in the world, funded by

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in Tajikistan, and the second-largest in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. It is worth noting that more Tajiks live in Afghanistan than Tajikistan. They speak varieties of Persian, a

4912: 2162: 3109:"Western languages were located in the western portion of the Iranian plateau, separated by the Dasht - e Kavir and Dasht - e Lūt deserts from the Eastern Iranian dialects." 4713: 4584:

writers (See: Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; India and the World, 1964, p 71, Dr Buddha Prakash; India and Central Asia, 1955, p 35, P. C. Bagch).

486:) which translates to "farmer or settled villager", in a wider sense "settled" in contrast to "nomadic" and was later used to describe a class of land-owning magnates as " 4766: 1528:. The genetic ancestry of Tajiks consists largely of a West-Eurasian component (~74%), an East Asian-related component (~18%), and a South Asian component samplified by 3659: 4944: 4599: 1984:. Recently, the Protestant community of Tajiks descent has experienced significant growth, a 2015 study estimates some 2,600 Muslim Tajik converted to Christianity. 4403: 3179:"... In Islamic usage, eventually came to designate the Persians, as opposed to Turks the oldest citation for it which Schraeder could find was in verses of 604: 863:

applied this term more specifically to the Persian Muslims in the Oxus basin and Khorasan, who were variously the Turks' rivals, models, overlords (under the

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live in Dushanbe and number only a few hundred. From the 1970s to the 1990s the majority of these Tajik-speaking Jews emigrated to the United States and to

1546: 1533: 5640: 1357:, there were about 47,500 Tajiks in Kyrgyzstan in 2007 (0.9% of the total population), up from 42,600 in the 1999 census and 33,500 in the 1989 census. 728:

formed part of Transoxania (Sogdiana). Over the course of time, the eastern Iranian dialect that was used by the ancient Tajiks eventually gave way to

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The ethnic composition of the 1.7 million registered Afghan refugees living in Pakistan are believed to be 85% Pashtun and 15% Tajik, Uzbek and others.

6168: 5970: 5855: 5119: 3790: 2253: 651:(Mountain Badaḵšān, in Tajikistan) and northeastern Afghanistan (Badaḵšān). Historically, the ancient Tajiks were chiefly agriculturalists before the 4683: 3987: 6163: 1432: 4381: 1096:, assimiliated into the respective local culture. Tajiks (or Farsiwans respectively) are predominant in four of the largest cities in Afghanistan ( 2056: 4739: 3065: 2846: 3412: 6143: 2029: 6118: 5633: 4981: 4830: 4653: 4477: 3551: 3494: 3095: 2817: 2790: 2763: 2128:

This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people from Afghanistan the United States is estimated as 80,414 (2005).

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https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/40616/Mobasher_washington_0250E_17869.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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and the exodus of Russians from Central Asia. Nevertheless, Russian fluency is still considered an vital skill for business and education.

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An autosomal DNA study by Guarino-Vignon et al. (2022), suggested that modern Tajiks show genetic continuity with ancient samples from

6158: 6153: 3629: 2229:, constituting 30% of the republic's 22 million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7%(Foltz 1996;213; Carlisle 1995:88). 1906: 948:, as well as in overseas communities. Historically, the ancestors of the Tajiks lived in a larger territory in Central Asia than now. 781: 4847: 4519:

region in Tajikistan. See: Geographical and Economic Studies in the Mahābhārata: Upāyana Parva, 1945, p 11-13, Moti Chandra – India;

4100:, p. 392: "One Tajik mtDNA sequence (1.1%) was assigned to subhaplogroup X2j. X2j is considered to be of North African origin ." 5705: 5025: 4902: 4445: 3458: 3384: 3036: 2981: 2973: 2696: 2604: 2540: 2369: 1973: 1306: 1009: 5080: 2282: 1798:

Many Tajiks can read, speak or write in Russian, however the prestige and importance of Russian has declined since the fall of the

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The geographical division between the eastern and western Iranians is often considered historically and currently to be the desert

3752: 3727: 2399: 6148: 3280: 1999:, was announced in October 2009. The mosque is planned to be built in Dushanbe and construction is said to be completed by 2014. 1665: 5499: 4939: 4907: 4762: 1787:

Since the 19th century, Tajiki has been strongly influenced by the Russian language and has incorporated many Russian language

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Of this number, approximately 65% are Tajiks according to a group of American researchers (Barbara Robson, Juliene Lipson,

5112: 4593: 3837: 3704: 3571: 1318: 1064:'s population, but according to other sources, they form 37–39% of the population. Other sources however, for example the 667:

that lasted until the devastating Mongolian invasion. Several surviving ancient urban centers of the Tajik people include

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but with strong elements from other cultures of Central Asia, such as Turkic and heavily infused with Islamic traditions.

6113: 5750: 5656: 1614: 1366: 1339:, there were 26,000 Tajiks in Kazakhstan (0.17% of the total population), about the same number as in the 1989 census. 714:

speaking, have one culture, one religion, one set of social values and traditions with only language separating them."

5986: 5554: 3602: 3349: 3217: 996: 5086: 4934: 2330: 1553:. The authors concluded that Tajiks "present patterns of genetic continuity of Central Asians since the Bronze Age". 3845: 6015: 4472:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 257. 2440: 1972:

is the largest remaining community of Central Asian Jews and resides primarily in Bukhara and Samarkand, while the

1639: 1629: 1354: 1348: 1336: 1330: 1183: 1065: 957: 838:(see Bregel, Atlas, Maps 8–10) consisted not only of Arabs, but also of Persian converts from Fārs and the central 719: 686:

Contemporary Tajiks are the descendants of ancient Eastern Iranian inhabitants of Central Asia, in particular, the

3914: 2807: 1461: 553:, when the prestigious Persian language consequently spread further east leading to the gradual extinction of the 541:

of Central Asia, all of whom are known to have inhabited the region at various times. Tajiks are therefore mainly

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on river Vamkshu (Raghu vamsha 4.68), and then he marched against the Kambojas (4.69–70). These Kambojas were of

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Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (September 2002).

652: 550: 546: 542: 437: 4010:

Irwin, Jodi A. (6 February 2010). "The mtDNA composition of Uzbekistan: a microcosm of Central Asian patterns".

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Afghanistan's Experiences: The History of the Most Horrifying Events Involving Politics, Religion, and Terrorism

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Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups"

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Guarino-Vignon, Perle; Marchi, Nina; Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio; Heyer, Evelyne; Bon, Céline (14 January 2022).

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loan words than Iranian Persian while retaining vocabulary that has fallen out of use in the latter language.

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The population of Tajiks in Russia was about 350,236 according to the 2021 census, up from 38,000 in the last

595: 6060: 5813: 5740: 5091: 4453: 2596: 2045: 362: 31: 432:

ethnic groups are included as Tajiks. In China, the term is used to refer to its Pamiri ethnic groups, the

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both gave rise to a resurgence in Tajik nationalism across the region, including a trial to revert to the

1923: 1741: 1542: 1314: 908: 2968:. Translated by Burton Watson. Han Dynasty II (Revised Edition), pp. 244–245. Columbia University Press. 1056:

speaking tribes were identified as Tajik, for example, the Furmuli. By this definition, according to the

765: 5919: 5899: 5432: 5163: 4397: 4343: 3258:"Ethnic Identity and Genealogies - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School" 3028: 2669: 1934: 1588: 888: 822: 382: 5574: 2865:

Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002).

944:, though there are more Tajiks in Afghanistan than in Tajikistan. Tajiks are a substantial minority in 4499:

Numerous scholars have located the Kamboja realm on the southern side of the Hindu Kush ranges in the

3405: 3063: 2844: 1748:, " royal courts", in the sense of "courtly language"), or also Parsi-e Darbari. In Tajikistan, where 1001: 6087: 6045: 6020: 5520: 4288: 4123: 2226: 2149: 1842: 1658: 1466: 1428: 1177: 1165: 656: 634: 3471:

There were about 5,000,000 in Afghanistan, where they constituted about one-fifth of the population.

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and excavations in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan show remnants of Zoroastrian fire temples.

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who refer to themselves by the region, province, city, town, or village that they are from; such as

6092: 6050: 5929: 5362: 3786: 3018: 2993: 1915: 1898: 1850: 1846: 1765: 1593: 1117: 1005: 852: 848: 773: 703: 695: 2525:"History and Foreign Policy: From Constructed Identities to "Ancient Hatreds" East of the Caspian" 2173: 970:

Tajiks make up around 84.3% of the population of Tajikistan. This number includes speakers of the

916:

as a reference to Persians in Persian literature can be found in the writings of the Persian poet

6025: 5914: 5831: 5277: 5069: 5035: 4043: 3597: 3376: 3344: 3212: 2559:

An Acoustic, Historical, And Developmental Analysis of Sarikol Tajik Diphthongs. PhD Dissertation

1624: 1424: 1418: 1310: 1253: 1221: 1157: 1113: 1057: 785: 567: 433: 5152: 4789: 3339: 2532: 2524: 2199: 921: 4511:, and the Parama-Kambojas in the territories on the north side of the Hindu Kush in modern-day 3592: 3207: 2249: 879:

periods (ca. 1000–1260) adopted the term and extended its use to cover Persians in the rest of

5599: 5546: 5536: 5437: 5021: 4977: 4971: 4826: 4820: 4649: 4473: 4467: 4373: 4324: 4306: 4257: 4239: 4200: 4151: 4035: 4027: 3979: 3971: 3653: 3547: 3490: 3484: 3380: 3310: 3306: 3091: 3032: 2977: 2969: 2921: 2896: 2813: 2786: 2759: 2692: 2600: 2536: 2091: 1825:

after the Muslim conquest. Furthermore, early manuscripts of the historical Persian spoken in

1529: 1266: 1121: 707: 554: 3883: 3578:, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, table with number of Tajiks by province 2915: 5404: 5267: 5223: 5171: 4363: 4355: 4314: 4296: 4247: 4231: 4190: 4182: 4141: 4131: 4019: 3963: 3838:"4. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ И ВЛАДЕНИЮ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ПО СУБЪЕКТАМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ" 3325:

Markham, C. R. (January 1879) "The Mountain Passes on the Afghan Frontier of British India"

2886: 2878: 2780: 2421:

State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census

2060: 2033: 1867:

pre-Islamic heritage of the Tajik people. Early temples for fire worship have been found in

1818: 1806: 1737: 1724: 1716: 1711: 1497: 1473: 1405: 1280: 1225: 1149: 1145: 979: 971: 860: 851:

also referred to the Arabs as "Tajika" in the 8th and 9th century. By the eleventh century (

844: 729: 711: 660: 558: 447: 440: 393: 353: 305: 286: 3637: 6080: 6075: 5770: 5128: 4851: 4687: 4603: 4549: 4545: 4512: 4449: 3731: 3708: 3575: 3069: 2850: 2741: 2427: 2348: 2334: 2200:"Permanent population by national and / Or ethnic group, urban / Rural place of residence" 2109: 2104: 2049: 1992: 1792: 1651: 1634: 1619: 1549:

components, as well as a small contribution from the early population associated with the

1509:. According to another genetic test, 63% of Tajik male samples from Tajikistan carry R1a. 1486: 1482: 1448: 1241: 1141: 1137: 1129: 983: 962: 864: 789: 769: 648: 644: 459: 429: 397: 341: 4442: 4277:"Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia" 4220:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 4171:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 3681: 3450: 2867:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 2361: 834:

early in the eighth century, conquering the Sogdian principalities and clashing with the

4848:"Tajikistan restates its strategic partnership with Russia, while sending mixed signals" 4292: 4127: 2340:

Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C.,

5909: 5730: 5614: 5412: 5376: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5246: 5202: 5191: 4368: 4319: 4276: 3748: 3724: 2735:

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan : country studies

2391: 1965: 1894: 1753: 1707: 1703: 1583: 1506: 1373: 1229: 1160: 1153: 1133: 1125: 1101: 1069: 1068:, state that they constitute about 12–20% of the population, which is mostly excluding 975: 538: 495: 479: 373: 309: 294: 5036:"The Sogdian Descendants in Mongol and post-Mongol Central Asia: The Tajiks and Sarts" 4596:

Tajikistan in the New Central Asia: Geopolitics, Great Power Rivalry and Radical Islam

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minorities also exist in scattered pockets. Areas with large numbers of Shias include

1678: 6107: 5760: 5715: 5685: 5680: 5515: 5468: 5427: 5390: 5260: 5157: 5142: 4169:

Zerjal, T; Wells, RS; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; Tyler-Smith, C (September 2002).

4146: 4111: 2099: 2065: 1927: 1550: 1377: 1302: 872: 856: 737: 639:

The Tajiks are an Iranian people, speaking a variety of Persian, concentrated in the

620: 462:, has become acceptable during the last several decades, particularly as a result of 210: 2274: 1188: 647:(Tajikistan and parts of Uzbekistan) and on both banks of the upper Oxus, i.e., the 61: 5782: 5690: 5675: 5670: 5478: 5355: 5288: 5147: 5045:. ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2020: 187–198doi: 10.22679/avs.2020.5.1.007. 4616: 4508: 4500: 4047: 3967: 3687: 2557: 2466: 2323: 2275:"Total population by nationality (assessment at the beginning of the year, people)" 2025: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1799: 1769: 1569: 1525: 1427:

as of 2012, mainly refugees from Afghanistan. During the 1990s, as a result of the

1397: 1389: 1298: 1237: 1085: 880: 835: 499: 463: 401: 3815: 3776:, Vol. 1, State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 1996, pp. 75–100. 1829:

during the development of Middle to New Persian show that their origins came from

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Ovchinnikov, Igor V.; Malek, Mathew J.; Drees, Kenneth; Kholina, Olga I. (2014).

3245: 3085: 3022: 2586: 6040: 6030: 5924: 5584: 5579: 5463: 5311: 5295: 5075: 4877: 4537: 4504: 3546:. University of Chicago, Division of the Humanities, Department of Linguistics. 3540:

A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur

2719:(CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 2509:(CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 1987:

Tajikistan marked 2009 as the year to commemorate the Tajik Sunni Muslim jurist

1950: 1946: 1938: 1919: 1879: 1856: 1757: 1686: 1061: 1021: 941: 777: 664: 578: 405: 323: 104: 5625: 4874:"Some 4,000 Tajiks opt to use the traditional version of their names this year" 4301: 3699: 3566: 3510: 5955: 5875: 5840: 5720: 5710: 5695: 5239: 4516: 4023: 3525:

Ethnohistory of the Qizilbash in Kabul: Migration, State, and a Shi'a Minority

2588:

The voice of the nightingale: a personal account of the Wakhi culture in Hunza

2081: 1988: 1969: 1957: 1911: 1788: 1761: 1720: 1690: 1521: 1209: 1197: 945: 937: 899:

area. These Arabs were said to be from the Taz tribe, which is still found in

413: 409: 328: 230: 190: 144: 124: 4359: 4310: 4243: 4112:"The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity" 4031: 3975: 3327:

Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography

3257: 1212:, the Tajiks are the largest part of the population of the ancient cities of 454:, which originally had some previous pejorative usage as a label for eastern 5765: 5604: 5594: 5564: 5442: 5346: 5282: 5253: 4553: 3305:

The Oriental Institute, Woking, Butler & Tanner, Frome, United Kingdom,

2250:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" 1682: 1217: 1193: 1081: 868: 668: 522: 417: 5569: 4377: 4328: 4261: 4204: 4155: 4136: 4039: 3983: 3725:

Svante E. Cornell, "Uzbekistan: A Regional Player in Eurasian Geopolitics?"

3005: 2900: 5064: 3314: 3118:

Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami by Durga Prasad Dikshit p.192

2782:

The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic

2327: 5735: 5609: 5384: 5370: 5181: 4557: 4533: 2017: 1961: 1864: 1860: 1749: 1271: 1073: 896: 526: 503: 487: 468: 455: 2444: 1937:

release, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim, (approximately 85%

6035: 5755: 5725: 5473: 5417: 5397: 5319: 5209: 4569: 2917:

Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries

2592: 2037: 1954: 1887: 1883: 1872: 1826: 1538: 1213: 1201: 691: 676: 672: 624: 583: 514: 425: 270: 17: 3910: 443:. In Afghanistan, the Pamiris are counted as a separate ethnic group. 5997: 5944: 5775: 5700: 5589: 5483: 5230: 5186: 5176: 4581: 3749:"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 2734: 2225:

commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million

1981: 1977: 1830: 1401: 1288: 1109: 1077: 1053: 876: 839: 807: 699: 687: 680: 530: 518: 474: 466:

administration in Central Asia. Alternative names for the Tajiks are

301: 170: 4701: 4110:

Wells, RS; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; et al. (August 2001).

3024:

The heritage of Central Asia from antiquity to the Turkish expansion

2341: 4235: 4186: 2882: 2709:

M. Longworth Dames; G. Morgenstierne & R. Ghirshman (1999). "AF

549:, likely adopting the language in the 7th century AD following the 6055: 5934: 5447: 5302: 5196: 5097: 4541: 2011: 1996: 1868: 1715: 1677: 1511: 1478: 1460: 1436: 1187: 1105: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1000: 961: 900: 755: 747: 577: 534: 507: 491: 250: 3628:

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (23 February 2000).

2362:"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам" 1016:

In Afghanistan, a "Tajik", is typically defined as any primarily

513:

The Tajiks have a mixed origin, and are primarily descended from

5217: 4344:"The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians" 3909:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1 October 2002).

2041: 2040:

empire, the first Tajik-dominated state in the region after the

1942: 1890: 1778:

Once you said 'you are Iranian', then you said, 'you are Tajik'

1598: 1017: 917: 815: 811: 640: 566:

in the 19th century. The culture of the Tajiks is predominantly

290: 5959: 5844: 5629: 5101: 4702:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census" 3127:

The First Spring: The Golden Age of India by Abraham Eraly p.91

2634:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia

2174:

https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS10RizoevENG.pdf

545:

in their ethnic makeup but speak a Persian dialect, which is a

3406:"ABC NEWS/BBC/ARD poll – Afghanistan: Where Things Stand" 1501: 3271:

Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1997).

2661: 903:. In the 7th-century, the Taz began to Islamize Transoxiana. 4097: 4085: 4073: 4061: 3952:"Mitochondrial DNA variation in Tajiks living in Tajikistan" 3711:, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, p. 195 3004:), German version, tr. by Paul Baudisch, Kindler Verlag AG, 1128:, while making up significant portions of the population in 4532:

Dr Buddha Prakash maintains that, based on the evidence of

1813:

have a common origin. This is due to the fact that one of

1541:, with the remainder of their ancestry being derived from 788:, successfully repelled nine Soviet campaigns from taking 4736:"Today marks 18th year of Tajik independence and success" 1200:, it is predominantly a Tajik populated city, along with 424:. In Tajikistan, since the 1939 Soviet census, its small 156:

other, non-official, scholarly estimates are 8-12 million

4606:(International Library of Central Asia Studies), page 21 4521:

Geographical Data in the Early Purāṇas: A Critical Study

2744:

Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, page 206

1781:

May he die separated from his roots, he who separated us

4416: 4414: 4018:(3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 195–204. 3884:"2012 UNHCR country operations profile – Pakistan" 3389:

Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

1380:

adjoining the borders with Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

3197:

tr. & ed. Robert Devereaux (Leiden: Brill) 1966 p6

3090:. Eurasian language archives. Eurolingua. p. 48. 1372:

them (1,922) concentrated in the eastern provinces of

659:

also resulted in the rapid urbanization of historical

4645:

Islam and Islamic Groups: A Worldwide Reference Guide

3634:

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 1999

2562:. The University of Texas at Arlington. p. 191. 1392:

census of 1989. Most Tajiks came to Russia after the

936:

The Tajiks are the principal ethnic group in most of

367: 5011:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 4903:"Tajik Islamic Party Seeks Tajiki-Farsi Designation" 4700:

Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).

3911:"Long-time Tajik refugees return home from Pakistan" 3527:(Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University), p. 153. 1878:

Today, however, the great majority of Tajiks follow

1736:

The language of the Tajiks is an eastern dialect of

5791: 5663: 5545: 5529: 5508: 5492: 5456: 5135: 4738:. Todayszaman.com. 9 September 2009. Archived from 4648:. Longman Law Series. Longman Group UK. p. 1. 3438:

Fundamentalism reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban

1481:pool gene pool harbors nearly equal proportions of 732:, a western dialect spoken in Iran and Afghanistan. 387: 334: 316: 280: 260: 240: 220: 200: 180: 160: 134: 114: 94: 89: 71: 5087:Tajik – The Ethnonym: Origins and Application 5000:Tajiks: Pre-ancient, ancient and medieval history 740:, situated in the center of the Iranian plateau. 4819:Rubin, Barnett; Snyder, Jack (1 November 2002). 3411:. Kabul, Afghanistan: ABC News. pp. 38–40. 1968:in Central Asia speak a dialect of Persian. The 5020:. London: Minority Rights Group International. 4935:"Tajikistan Drops Russian As Official Language" 2529:The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy 1317:officially recognized by the government of the 1088:etc. who, especially in large urban areas like 725: 655:. While agriculture remained a stronghold, the 6139:Ethnic groups divided by international borders 4876:. Asiaplus.tj. 17 October 1962. Archived from 3303:An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan 2494: 2492: 912:, however, the oldest known usage of the word 5971: 5856: 5641: 5113: 4973:A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East 4763:"Qatar paying for giant mosque in Tajikistan" 2756:A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East 1728: 1659: 871:times on). Persian writers of the Ghaznavid, 50: 8: 3658:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2338:The Afghans – their history and culture 1196: – although the second largest city of 792:and earned the nickname "Lion of Panjshir" ( 564:Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan 42: 4402:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3241: 3239: 3156:(in French). Éditions Complexe. p. 80. 2966:Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian 1689:ceremony for new Persian Year, prepared by 1156:. Despite not being Tajik, the westernmost 27:Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia 5978: 5964: 5956: 5863: 5849: 5841: 5648: 5634: 5626: 5120: 5106: 5098: 4850:. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from 3636:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 3329:(New Monthly Series) 1(1): pp. 38–62, p.48 3084:Soper, J.D.; Bodrogligeti, A.J.E. (1996). 2730: 2728: 2726: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 1666: 1652: 1560: 793: 613:Tajik man and woman in 19th century photos 60: 41: 4367: 4318: 4300: 4251: 4194: 4145: 4135: 2890: 2809:Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index 2806:Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach (2006). 1453:80,414 Tajiks live in the United States. 1116:in the northern and western provinces of 3395:, Hazara 19%, Uzbek, Turkmen, other 18%" 1970:Bukharian Jewish community in Uzbekistan 1817:'s historical cultural capitals, called 1220:, and are found in large numbers in the 920:. The 15th-century Turkic-speaking poet 4012:International Journal of Legal Medicine 3031:: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 4. 2812:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 829–. 2518: 2516: 2499:C.E. Bosworth; B.G. Fragner (1999). "TĀ 2141: 2121: 2057:Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan 1949:, the great number of Tajiks adhere to 1606: 1575: 1568: 1534:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 4897: 4895: 4769:from the original on 21 September 2013 4395: 4175:The American Journal of Human Genetics 3774:Population census of Turkmenistan 1995 3674:The History of the Clumsy Delimitation 3651: 3283:from the original on 27 September 2007 2871:The American Journal of Human Genetics 2632:Minahan, James B. (10 February 2014). 1953:. A small number of Tajiks may follow 1500:among modern Tajiks is the Haplogroup 1297:), including Sarikolis (majority) and 1052:, etc. Although in the past, some non- 4420: 3869: 3683:The History of a National Catastrophe 3461:from the original on 25 November 2011 2998:"Persien: bis zum Einbruch des Islam" 2952: 2566:from the original on 10 December 2013 2402:from the original on 24 February 2021 2212: 1964:are one such group. The community of 1270: 940:, as well as in northern and western 895:, used for a local Arab tribe in the 760:Young Tajik women in the 21st century 702:by Chinese chronicles. According to 698:and some of them were referred to as 7: 5052:from the original on 9 October 2022. 4800:from the original on 1 February 2020 3990:from the original on 17 January 2023 3676:, Irfon Publ. House, Dushanbe, 1991 3609:from the original on 3 February 2021 3045:from the original on 24 January 2023 2285:from the original on 28 October 2016 2150:"Afghanistan Population 2024 (Live)" 1903:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province 1730:جمهوری اجتماعی شوروى مختار تاجيكستان 1439:and the two countries' authorities. 794: 446:As a self-designation, the literary 90:Regions with significant populations 5018:Afghanistan: A Nation of Minorities 4469:Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan 3418:from the original on 9 October 2022 3356:from the original on 4 January 2021 3224:from the original on 20 August 2021 2826:from the original on 6 October 2022 2660:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 2186:"Tajikistan Population 2024 (Live)" 1855:Various scholars have recorded the 1729: 357: 51: 4846:McDermott, Roger (25 April 2007). 4716:from the original on 13 March 2021 4384:from the original on 17 March 2023 4342:Dai et al. 2022 (25 August 2022). 4224:American Journal of Human Genetics 3917:from the original on 19 April 2020 3755:from the original on 14 March 2012 3483:D, Hamid Hadi M. (24 March 2016). 2934:from the original on 10 April 2023 2672:from the original on 10 April 2010 2662:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2613:from the original on 10 April 2023 2279:Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan 1907:Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County 25: 4947:from the original on 4 March 2016 4915:from the original on 25 June 2021 3890:from the original on 24 July 2020 3141:. Indiana University. p. 54. 3087:Loan Syntax in Turkic and Iranian 1752:script is used, it is called the 1537:steppe source represented by the 1307:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 1060:, Tajiks make up about 25–27% of 6169:Ethnic groups in Parwan Province 5825: 5063: 4623:from the original on 13 May 2021 3814:. Perepis2002.ru. Archived from 3791:Federal State Statistics Service 3154:L'Afghanistan et ses populations 2477:from the original on 13 May 2021 2372:from the original on 27 May 2020 2254:Federal State Statistics Service 2084: 603: 594: 263: 243: 223: 203: 183: 163: 137: 117: 97: 6164:Ethnic groups in Kabul Province 6070: 4940:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4908:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4761:Daniel Bardsley (25 May 2010). 4348:Molecular Biology and Evolution 3937:"American FactFinder - Results" 3787:"Национальный состав населения" 3391:Ethnic Mix: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 2239:Samarqand and Bukhara regions." 1768:, as well as in Iran. When the 1423:There are an estimated 220,000 1394:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1305:ethnic group that lives in the 490:of noble blood" in contrast to 5081:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 4619:. State.gov. 24 January 2012. 3968:10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.07.009 3738:, vol. 20, no. 2, Summer 2000. 3073:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 2854:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 2758:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 36–39. 1901:provinces in Afghanistan, the 1833:, in present-day Afghanistan. 1293: 1168:refer to themselves as Tajik. 1: 6144:Ethnic groups in Central Asia 4617:"Background Note: Tajikistan" 4523:, 1972, p 165/66, M. R. Singh 2304:United States Census Bureau. 2063:as Tajikistan's inter-ethnic 1991:, whose ancestry hailed from 1974:Bukharaian Jews of Tajikistan 1764:, Tajiks continue to use the 1301:(minority) in China, are the 859:, lines 280, 282, 3265), the 77: 6119:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 5657:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 4116:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 3301:Bellew, Henry Walter (1891) 2779:Paul Bergne (15 June 2007). 2527:. In Shaffer, Brenda (ed.). 2523:Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). 1791:. It has also adopted fewer 1367:Demographics of Turkmenistan 928:as a reference to Persians. 887:The word also occurs in the 562:Pashtuns as a result of the 6129:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 6124:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan 5987:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 5555:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism 4822:Post-Soviet Political Order 4679:, Jewish Virtual Library, ( 4443:Turkic Loanwords in Persian 3603:Central Intelligence Agency 3350:Central Intelligence Agency 3340:"Population of Afghanistan" 3218:Central Intelligence Agency 3152:Jean-Charles Blanc (1976). 2785:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 5–. 2044:advance. For instance, the 997:Demographics of Afghanistan 388: 368: 6185: 4998:Ghafurov, Bobojon (1991). 4825:. Routledge. p. 142. 4302:10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4 3701:Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan 3568:Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan 3440:, p. 170. NYU Press, 1998. 2556:Arlund, Pamela S. (2006). 1840: 1701: 1446: 1416: 1364: 1349:Demographics of Kyrgyzstan 1346: 1331:Demographics of Kazakhstan 1328: 1319:People's Republic of China 1251: 1184:Demographics of Uzbekistan 1181: 1175: 994: 966:Tajik family in Tajikistan 958:Demographics of Tajikistan 955: 805: 628: 618: 551:Islamic conquest of Persia 29: 6159:Ethnic groups in Malakand 6154:Ethnic groups in Pakistan 6006: 5993: 5895: 5882: 5822: 4976:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4796:. Encyclopaedia Iranica. 4790:"TAJIK ii. TAJIK PERSIAN" 4024:10.1007/s00414-009-0406-z 3511:"Afghanistan - Qizilbash" 3387:"Population: 28.1 million 3000:(original English title: 1721:Tajik autonomous republic 1284: 1070:Persianized ethnic groups 820:According to John Perry ( 816:Tayy § Fifth century 483: 416:. Tajiks are the largest 377: 339: 321: 285: 76: 59: 5560:Ancient Iranian religion 4548:affinities who lived in 3137:Lawrence Krader (1971). 3002:"The Heritage of Persia" 2471:U.S. Department of State 2030:Civil War in Afghanistan 1263:Mountain Tajiks in China 1192:View of the Registan in 1010:President of Afghanistan 547:Western Iranian language 422:Western Iranian language 150: 6149:Ethnic groups in Russia 5500:Ancient Iranian peoples 4794:TAJIK II. TAJIK PERSIAN 4686:13 January 2017 at the 4564:which is thought to be 4098:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 4086:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 4074:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 4062:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 3680:. English translation: 3455:Encyclopædia Britannica 3279:. Library of Congress. 3139:Peoples of Central Asia 3068:21 October 2020 at the 2849:21 October 2020 at the 2754:Foltz, Richard (2019). 2597:Oxford University Press 2333:27 January 2010 at the 2306:"US demographic census" 2055:In September 2009, the 2046:President of Tajikistan 1805:The dialects of modern 1066:Encyclopædia Britannica 752:Tajik men in Tajikistan 720:Encyclopædia Britannica 631:Ancient Iranian peoples 472:(Persian-speaker), and 400:ethnic group native to 32:Tajiks (disambiguation) 5832:Afghanistan portal 5016:Jawad, Nassim (1992). 5007:Dupree, Louis (1980). 4466:Abdullaev, K. (2018). 4360:10.1093/molbev/msac179 4137:10.1073/pnas.171305098 3707:6 October 2008 at the 3574:6 October 2008 at the 3277:Country Studies Series 3195:Muhakamat al-lughatain 3175:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2964:Watson, Burton(1993). 2942:– via google.nl. 2716:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2585:Felmy, Sabine (1996). 2531:. MIT Press. pp. 2506:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2021: 1785: 1733: 1694: 1543:Western Steppe Herders 1517: 1469: 1337:1999 population census 1313:. They are one of the 1205: 1013: 967: 909:Encyclopaedia of Islam 885: 867:), and subjects (from 768:, the Tajik-dominated 761: 753: 734: 717:Regarding Tajiks, the 587: 404:, living primarily in 6134:Iranian ethnic groups 5457:Related ethnic groups 4602:10 April 2023 at the 4540:, Raghu defeated the 3812:"2002 Russian census" 3537:Lehr, Rachel (2014). 3523:Fazel, S. M. (2017). 3183:alāl al-Dīn Rūmī ..." 2015: 1935:U.S. State Department 1775: 1719: 1681: 1515: 1464: 1191: 1004: 965: 889:Tonyukuk inscriptions 828: 823:Encyclopaedia Iranica 759: 751: 653:Arab Conquest of Iran 619:Further information: 581: 335:Related ethnic groups 5521:Proto-Indo-Europeans 5433:Tats of the Caucasus 5092:Encyclopædia Iranica 5072:at Wikimedia Commons 4911:. 9 September 2009. 4880:on 23 September 2015 4454:Encyclopædia Iranica 4448:27 July 2017 at the 3436:Maley, William, ed. 3273:"Afghanistan: Tajik" 3019:Frye, Richard Nelson 2914:Wink, André (2002). 2426:23 July 2020 at the 2347:13 July 2020 at the 2227:Tajiks in Uzbekistan 2024:The collapse of the 1933:According to a 2009 1843:Islam in Afghanistan 1474:maternal haplogroups 1472:A 2014 study of the 1467:Khwahan, Afghanistan 1429:Tajikistan Civil War 1178:Tajiks of Uzbekistan 657:Islamization of Iran 635:Proto-Indo-Europeans 110:8-15 million (2024) 30:For other uses, see 6114:Ethnic Tajik people 4642:Shaikh, F. (1992). 4293:2022NatSR..12..733G 4128:2001PNAS...9810244W 3851:on 6 September 2018 3640:on 12 February 2021 3379:, 2010, 432 pages. 2994:Richard Nelson Frye 2740:20 May 2021 at the 2312:on 12 February 2020 2016:Tajiks celebrating 2003:Recent developments 1980:in accordance with 1905:in Tajikistan, and 1851:Islam in Uzbekistan 1847:Islam in Tajikistan 1766:Perso-Arabic script 1576:History and culture 1564:Part of a series on 1498:paternal haplogroup 1355:official statistics 1006:Burhanuddin Rabbani 849:Rashtrakuta dynasty 832:invaded Transoxiana 784:. Tajik commander, 774:Burhanuddin Rabbani 704:Richard Nelson Frye 696:Alexander the Great 56: 5002:. Dushanbe: Irfon. 4970:Foltz, R. (2023). 4943:. 7 October 2009. 4854:on 14 October 2007 4765:. Thenational.ae. 4742:on 11 October 2014 4560:calls this region 4281:Scientific Reports 3730:5 May 2009 at the 3598:The World Factbook 3377:Dorling Kindersley 3345:The World Factbook 3213:The World Factbook 3177:, Online Edition: 3169:/B.G. Fragner, "Tā 2022: 1809:spoken throughout 1734: 1723:coat of arms with 1695: 1518: 1470: 1425:Tajiks in Pakistan 1419:Tajiks in Pakistan 1311:Northwestern China 1254:Tajiks of Xinjiang 1222:Surxondaryo Region 1206: 1114:qualified majority 1112:) and make up the 1014: 968: 922:Mīr Alī Šer Navā'ī 786:Ahmad Shah Massoud 780:and the communist 762: 754: 588: 434:Tajiks of Xinjiang 130:~8,700,000 (2024) 6101: 6100: 5953: 5952: 5838: 5837: 5792:Foreign nationals 5623: 5622: 5547:Iranian religions 5537:Iranian languages 5407: 5400: 5393: 5379: 5365: 5358: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5314: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5226: 5212: 5205: 5166: 5068:Media related to 4983:978-0-7556-4967-9 4832:978-1-134-69758-8 4655:978-0-582-09146-7 4479:978-1-5381-0252-7 4441:Michael Knüppel. 3736:European Security 3553:978-1-321-22417-7 3496:978-1-5049-8614-4 3097:978-0-931922-58-9 3008:1964, pp. 485–498 2819:978-0-415-96692-4 2792:978-1-84511-283-7 2765:978-1-7883-1652-1 2666:iranicaonline.org 2447:on 25 August 2010 2326:, Mariam Mehdi). 2092:Tajikistan portal 2020:in Dushanbe park. 1930:and many others. 1882:, although small 1676: 1675: 1335:According to the 918:Jalal ad-Din Rumi 906:According to the 782:Afghan government 766:Soviet–Afghan War 386: 366: 347: 346: 154:~1,700,000 (2021) 16:(Redirected from 6176: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5957: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5842: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5627: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5375: 5361: 5354: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5310: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5229: 5222: 5208: 5201: 5162: 5122: 5115: 5108: 5099: 5067: 5053: 5051: 5040: 5031: 5012: 5003: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4697: 4691: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4613: 4607: 4591: 4585: 4530: 4524: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4463: 4457: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4371: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4322: 4304: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4255: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4198: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4139: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4051: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3850: 3844:. Archived from 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3745: 3739: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3697: 3691: 3679: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3657: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3589: 3583: 3581: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3545: 3534: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3466: 3447: 3441: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3402: 3396: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3336: 3330: 3323: 3317: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3254: 3248: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3204: 3198: 3193:Ali Shir Nava'i 3191: 3185: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3081: 3075: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3015: 3009: 2991: 2985: 2962: 2956: 2955:, p. 33-60. 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2894: 2862: 2856: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2751: 2745: 2732: 2721: 2720: 2706: 2700: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2657: 2638: 2637: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2520: 2511: 2510: 2496: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2443:. 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Archived from 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2146: 2129: 2126: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2061:Russian language 2008:Cultural revival 1819:Greater Khorasan 1732: 1731: 1725:Persian language 1712:Persian language 1668: 1661: 1654: 1561: 1530:Great Andamanese 1493:haplogroup X2j. 1487:western Eurasian 1483:eastern Eurasian 1406:Saint Petersburg 1315:56 nationalities 1295: 1286: 1274: 1272:[tudʒik] 1240:" supervised by 1166:Nizari Isma’ilis 972:Pamiri languages 861:Qarakhanid Turks 853:Yusof Ḵāṣṣ-ḥājeb 845:Chalukya dynasty 797: 796: 607: 598: 485: 441:Pamiri languages 436:, who speak the 391: 381: 379: 371: 361: 359: 312: 273: 269: 267: 266: 253: 249: 247: 246: 233: 229: 227: 226: 213: 209: 207: 206: 193: 189: 187: 186: 173: 169: 167: 166: 151: 147: 143: 141: 140: 127: 123: 121: 120: 107: 103: 101: 100: 85: 79: 72:Total population 64: 57: 55: 54: 53: 47: 21: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6002: 5989: 5984: 5954: 5949: 5891: 5878: 5869: 5839: 5834: 5826: 5824: 5818: 5787: 5659: 5654: 5624: 5619: 5541: 5525: 5504: 5493:Ancient peoples 5488: 5452: 5153:'Ajam of Kuwait 5131: 5129:Iranian peoples 5126: 5060: 5049: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4966: 4964:Further reading 4961: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4900: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4833: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4688:Wayback Machine 4677:"Bukharan Jews" 4674: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4604:Wayback Machine 4592: 4588: 4531: 4527: 4498: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4450:Wayback Machine 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4412: 4394: 4387: 4385: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4122:(18): 10244–9. 4109: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3993: 3991: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3818:on 9 March 2012 3810: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3732:Wayback Machine 3723: 3719: 3712: 3709:Wayback Machine 3698: 3694: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3650: 3643: 3641: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3576:Wayback Machine 3565: 3561: 3554: 3543: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3489:. AuthorHouse. 3482: 3481: 3477: 3464: 3462: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3390: 3388: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3324: 3320: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3192: 3188: 3165: 3161: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3113: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3070:Wayback Machine 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3039: 3017: 3016: 3012: 2992: 2988: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2928: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2851:Wayback Machine 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2820: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2742:Wayback Machine 2733: 2724: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2659: 2658: 2641: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2607: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2522: 2521: 2514: 2498: 2497: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2428:Wayback Machine 2419: 2415: 2405: 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326: 299: 298: 264: 262: 261: 244: 242: 241: 224: 222: 221: 204: 202: 201: 184: 182: 181: 164: 162: 161: 155: 149: 148: 138: 136: 135: 118: 116: 115: 98: 96: 95: 80: 67: 49: 48: 45: 44: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6182: 6180: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6106: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5960: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5853: 5845: 5836: 5835: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5630: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5615:Zoroastrianism 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5401: 5394: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5377:Pashtun tribes 5368: 5367: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5343: 5329: 5326:Chinese Tajiks 5317: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5292: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5206: 5203:Kurdish tribes 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5084: 5073: 5059: 5058:External links 5056: 5055: 5054: 5032: 5026: 5013: 5004: 4995: 4982: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4926: 4891: 4865: 4838: 4831: 4811: 4780: 4753: 4727: 4692: 4668: 4654: 4634: 4608: 4586: 4525: 4492: 4478: 4458: 4434: 4425: 4423:, p. 103. 4410: 4334: 4267: 4236:10.1086/342096 4230:(3): 466–482. 4210: 4187:10.1086/342096 4161: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4066: 4054: 4002: 3962:(6): 390–395. 3956:Legal Medicine 3942: 3928: 3901: 3874: 3872:, p. 208. 3862: 3829: 3803: 3778: 3766: 3740: 3717: 3692: 3665: 3620: 3605:. 6 May 2010. 3584: 3559: 3552: 3529: 3516: 3502: 3495: 3475: 3442: 3429: 3397: 3367: 3331: 3318: 3294: 3263: 3249: 3235: 3220:. 5 May 2010. 3199: 3186: 3159: 3144: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3096: 3076: 3056: 3037: 3010: 2986: 2957: 2945: 2926: 2906: 2883:10.1086/342096 2877:(3): 466–482. 2857: 2837: 2818: 2798: 2791: 2771: 2764: 2746: 2722: 2701: 2683: 2639: 2624: 2605: 2577: 2548: 2541: 2512: 2488: 2458: 2432: 2413: 2383: 2353: 2296: 2266: 2241: 2231: 2217: 2215:, p. 175. 2205: 2191: 2177: 2166: 2155: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2079: 2076: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1966:Bukharian Jews 1838: 1835: 1744:(derived from 1708:Dari (Persian) 1704:Tajik language 1699: 1696: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1656: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1558: 1555: 1507:founder effect 1458: 1455: 1447:Main article: 1444: 1441: 1417:Main article: 1414: 1411: 1385: 1382: 1365:Main article: 1362: 1359: 1347:Main article: 1344: 1341: 1329:Main article: 1326: 1323: 1259:Chinese Tajiks 1252:Main article: 1249: 1246: 1176:Main article: 1173: 1170: 1161:Pashayi people 1102:Mazar-e Sharif 1058:World Factbook 995:Main article: 992: 989: 956:Main article: 953: 950: 933: 930: 803: 800: 745: 744:Modern history 742: 645:Farḡāna valley 612: 611: 602: 601: 593: 592: 591: 590: 589: 575: 572: 539:Turkic peoples 345: 344: 337: 336: 332: 331: 322:Predominantly 319: 318: 314: 313: 283: 282: 278: 277: 274: 258: 257: 254: 238: 237: 234: 218: 217: 214: 198: 197: 194: 178: 177: 174: 158: 157: 152: 132: 131: 128: 112: 111: 108: 92: 91: 87: 86: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6181: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5872:Ethnic groups 5866: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5833: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664:Ethnic groups 5662: 5658: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5637: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5516:Indo-Iranians 5514: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5469:Bukharan Jews 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5391:Arab-Persians 5388: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5269: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261:Southern Lurs 5258: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5164:Baloch tribes 5161: 5160: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136:Ethnic groups 5134: 5130: 5123: 5118: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5104: 5103: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5027:0-946690-76-6 5023: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4996: 4985: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4815: 4812: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788:Perry, John. 4784: 4781: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4754: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4657: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4638: 4635: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4594:Lena Jonson, 4590: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4509:Kunar Valleys 4506: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4481: 4475: 4471: 4470: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4181:(3): 466–82. 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4006: 4003: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3932: 3929: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3902: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3675: 3672:Rahim Masov, 3669: 3666: 3661: 3655: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3621: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3555: 3549: 3542: 3541: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3414: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3386: 3385:9781405350396 3382: 3378: 3371: 3368: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3167:C.E. Bosworth 3163: 3160: 3155: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3099: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3044: 3040: 3038:1-55876-110-1 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2982:0-231-08167-7 2979: 2975: 2974:0-231-08166-9 2971: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2697:9789231032110 2694: 2687: 2684: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2628: 2625: 2612: 2608: 2606:0-19-577599-6 2602: 2599:. p. 4. 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2581: 2578: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2542:0-262-69321-6 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2446: 2442: 2441:"Все новости" 2436: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2342:OCLC 56081073 2339: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2297: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2135: 2125: 2122: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2100:Bukharan Jews 2098: 2097: 2093: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071:lingua franca 2068: 2067: 2066:lingua franca 2062: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1928:Nasir Khusraw 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1635:United States 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1551:Tarim mummies 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1496:The dominant 1494: 1490: 1489:haplotypes." 1488: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1443:United States 1442: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1420: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:guest workers 1395: 1391: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1368: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1353:According to 1350: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1179: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 990: 988: 985: 981: 977: 973: 964: 959: 951: 949: 947: 943: 939: 931: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 910: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:Qutadḡu bilig 854: 850: 846: 841: 837: 833: 827: 825: 824: 817: 813: 809: 801: 799: 791: 787: 783: 779: 776:resisted the 775: 771: 767: 758: 750: 743: 741: 739: 738:Dasht-e Kavir 733: 731: 724: 722: 721: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 636: 632: 626: 622: 621:Ghurid Empire 606: 597: 586:, Afghanistan 585: 580: 573: 571: 569: 565: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 511: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 481: 477: 476: 471: 470: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 384: 375: 370: 364: 355: 351: 343: 338: 333: 330: 325: 320: 315: 311: 307: 303: 296: 292: 288: 284: 279: 275: 272: 259: 255: 252: 239: 235: 232: 219: 215: 212: 211:United States 199: 195: 192: 179: 175: 172: 159: 153: 146: 133: 129: 126: 113: 109: 106: 93: 88: 84: 83:19–26 million 75: 70: 63: 58: 37: 33: 19: 6016:Azerbaijanis 5886: 5745: 5575:Baháʼí Faith 5479:Persian Jews 5438:Tats of Iran 5422: 5363:Yidgha–Munji 5278:Mazanderanis 5090: 5079: 5042: 5017: 5008: 4999: 4987:. Retrieved 4972: 4949:. Retrieved 4938: 4929: 4917:. Retrieved 4906: 4882:. Retrieved 4878:the original 4868: 4856:. Retrieved 4852:the original 4841: 4821: 4814: 4802:. Retrieved 4793: 4783: 4771:. Retrieved 4756: 4744:. Retrieved 4740:the original 4730: 4718:. Retrieved 4712:(10): 1–19. 4709: 4705: 4695: 4676: 4671: 4659:. Retrieved 4644: 4637: 4625:. Retrieved 4611: 4595: 4589: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4528: 4520: 4495: 4483:. Retrieved 4468: 4461: 4437: 4428: 4398:cite journal 4386:. Retrieved 4351: 4347: 4337: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4119: 4115: 4105: 4093: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3992:. Retrieved 3959: 3955: 3945: 3931: 3919:. Retrieved 3904: 3892:. Retrieved 3877: 3865: 3853:. Retrieved 3846:the original 3841: 3832: 3820:. Retrieved 3816:the original 3806: 3794:. Retrieved 3781: 3773: 3769: 3757:. Retrieved 3743: 3735: 3720: 3713:(in Russian) 3700: 3695: 3688:Iraj Bashiri 3682: 3678:(in Russian) 3673: 3668: 3642:. Retrieved 3638:the original 3633: 3630:"Uzbekistan" 3623: 3611:. Retrieved 3596: 3593:"Uzbekistan" 3587: 3580:(in Russian) 3567: 3562: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3519: 3505: 3485: 3478: 3470: 3463:. Retrieved 3454: 3445: 3437: 3432: 3420:. Retrieved 3400: 3392: 3370: 3358:. Retrieved 3343: 3334: 3326: 3321: 3302: 3297: 3285:. Retrieved 3276: 3266: 3252: 3226:. Retrieved 3211: 3208:"Tajikistan" 3202: 3194: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3162: 3153: 3147: 3138: 3132: 3123: 3114: 3101:. Retrieved 3086: 3079: 3072: 3059: 3047:. Retrieved 3023: 3013: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2965: 2960: 2948: 2936:. Retrieved 2916: 2909: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2853: 2840: 2828:. Retrieved 2808: 2801: 2781: 2774: 2755: 2749: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2686: 2674:. Retrieved 2665: 2633: 2627: 2615:. Retrieved 2587: 2580: 2568:. Retrieved 2558: 2551: 2528: 2504: 2500: 2479:. Retrieved 2470: 2467:"Tajikistan" 2461: 2449:. Retrieved 2445:the original 2435: 2416: 2404:. Retrieved 2395: 2386: 2374:. Retrieved 2365: 2356: 2337: 2324:Farid Younos 2314:. Retrieved 2310:the original 2299: 2287:. Retrieved 2278: 2269: 2257:. Retrieved 2244: 2234: 2220: 2208: 2194: 2180: 2169: 2158: 2144: 2124: 2070: 2064: 2054: 2034:Perso-Arabic 2026:Soviet Union 2023: 1986: 1932: 1916:Imam Bukhari 1877: 1854: 1823:Greater Iran 1815:Greater Iran 1811:Greater Iran 1804: 1800:Soviet Union 1797: 1786: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1770:Soviet Union 1760:, unlike in 1745: 1735: 1526:Turkmenistan 1519: 1495: 1491: 1471: 1452: 1422: 1387: 1370: 1361:Turkmenistan 1352: 1334: 1292: 1276: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1238:Uzbekization 1234: 1207: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022:Sunni Muslim 1015: 974:, including 969: 935: 925: 913: 907: 905: 892: 886: 881:Greater Iran 836:Qarluq Turks 829: 821: 819: 763: 735: 726: 718: 716: 685: 638: 537:and various 512: 473: 467: 451: 445: 402:Central Asia 369:Tājīk, Tājek 349: 348: 82: 39:Ethnic group 36: 6031:Karakalpaks 5585:Manichaeism 5580:Khurramites 5464:Armeno-Tats 5043:Joo Yup Lee 5009:Afghanistan 4858:19 December 4675:J. Sloame, 4538:Raghuvamsha 3796:30 December 3759:22 December 3644:19 December 3287:19 December 2636:. ABC-CLIO. 2481:14 February 2451:14 February 2430:(Ukrainian) 2366:stat.gov.kz 2289:28 February 1951:Sunni Islam 1947:Afghanistan 1880:Sunni Islam 1857:Zoroastrian 1758:Afghanistan 1687:White House 1615:Afghanistan 1396:, often as 1062:Afghanistan 991:Afghanistan 942:Afghanistan 778:Soviet Army 772:founded by 764:During the 665:Transoxiana 643:Basin, the 525:, but also 502:during the 448:New Persian 406:Afghanistan 358:تاجيک، تاجک 324:Sunni Islam 300:Secondary: 105:Afghanistan 6108:Categories 5876:Tajikistan 5809:Pakistanis 5721:Nuristanis 5240:Feyli Lurs 5224:Bakhtiaris 5172:Bashkardis 4989:1 November 4720:30 October 4661:1 November 4517:Badakhshan 4485:1 November 4421:Foltz 2023 4287:(1): 733. 3994:17 January 3870:Foltz 2023 3686:, transl. 3465:6 November 3422:29 October 3103:1 November 3049:13 October 2953:Foltz 2023 2938:28 October 2927:0391041746 2713:ĀNISTĀN". 2617:13 October 2406:6 December 2396:www.gov.cn 2316:23 January 2213:Foltz 2023 2136:References 1989:Abu Hanifa 1958:Shia Islam 1924:Abu Dawood 1912:Abu Hanifa 1899:Badakhshan 1789:loan words 1762:Tajikistan 1691:Laura Bush 1640:Uzbekistan 1630:Tajikistan 1607:Population 1522:Tajikistan 1343:Kyrgyzstan 1325:Kazakhstan 1210:Uzbekistan 1198:Uzbekistan 1182:See also: 1172:Uzbekistan 1158:Indo-Aryan 1118:Badakhshan 1072:like some 1020:-speaking 1008:served as 982:, and the 952:Tajikistan 946:Uzbekistan 938:Tajikistan 924:also used 806:See also: 795:شیر پنجشیر 629:See also: 582:Tajiks in 568:Persianate 506:and early 414:Uzbekistan 410:Tajikistan 396:-speaking 329:Shia Islam 231:Kazakhstan 191:Kyrgyzstan 145:Uzbekistan 125:Tajikistan 6061:Romanians 6011:Armenians 5905:Armenians 5799:Armenians 5766:Qizilbash 5605:Yarsanism 5595:Mazdaznan 5590:Mazdakism 5565:Assianism 5530:Languages 5443:Yaghnobis 5398:Basseries 5347:Oroshoris 5283:Ossetians 5268:Mamasanis 5254:Hasanvand 4554:Badakshan 4311:2045-2322 4244:0002-9297 4032:0937-9827 3976:1344-6223 3913:. UNHCR. 3855:23 August 3315:182913077 3029:Princeton 2920:. 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