2760:
747:
An ordinance is also extant which dates from the time called the period of religious persecution ("shemad"). When
Hadrian issued his decree forbidding the Jews to observe their religion, the teachers, including R. Akiba, R. Tarfon, and R. Jose the Galilean, met in council and agreed that during the
137:
Takkanot, in general, do not affect or restrict observance of Torah mitzvot. However, the Talmud states that in exceptional cases, the Jewish sages had the authority to make a gezeirah even if it would "uproot a matter from the Torah". In
Talmudic and classical halakhic literature, this authority
872:, and to introduce ordinances of the class characterized as necessary "for the preservation of the order of the world," or "for the sake of peace." The regulations of this type, like those already mentioned, date from the mishnaic period, and were promulgated for the sake of morality.
748:
time of the persecution the Law might be transgressed in all respects, except as regarded the commands relating to idolatry, chastity, and morality, although this regulation was observed only superficially and only when necessary in order to deceive the Roman spies.
165:
Another rare and limited form of takkanah involved overriding Torah prohibitions. In some cases, the sages allowed the temporary violation of a prohibition in order to maintain the Jewish system as a whole. This was part of the basis for
59:'s laws. A takkanah is an enactment which revises an ordinance that no longer satisfies the requirements of the times or circumstances, or which, being deduced from a biblical passage, may be regarded as new. A takkanah is enacted by
714:
for reasons which are no longer known, and the grounds of its takkanot are equally obscure. In view of their ethical import, however, these enactments soon became binding. They were as follows:
897:
on demand, one who has suffered injury is to receive reimbursement from the best of the estate; a creditor, from the medium; and a wife, with her marriage contract as security, from the worst
435:
The reading of
Megillat Esther in the villages and unwalled cities on the Fourteenth of Adar and in walled cities on the following day; banquets on those days; and the giving of alms
963:
purchase and sale by persons not regularly dealing in the wares in question are valid, in case such persons have reached years of maturity, in order that they may support themselves
599:
the purchase-money of a house to be deposited in the Temple; the original owner may seize it by force in order to prevent its payment to the seller before the expiration of a year
560:
the ketubah of a woman about to contract a levirate marriage to form a lien on the property of her first husband; and if he had no property, that of the levir to be appropriated
1297:
Introduction of the prayer beginning with the words כתר יתנו לך in "Kedushah" of musaf, and the prayers beginning with the words אז בקול רעש and ממקומך מלכנו in "Kedushah" of
665:
a convert must deposit a quarter-shekel in the treasury to be able to bring his sacrifice when the Temple shall be rebuilt (this was repealed by
Johanan b. Zakkai himself)
1331:
also allows its leaders to issue takkanot today. Examples of takkanot issued by the
Conservative Movement in modern times include allowing women to count in a
1145:
the owner of lost property must bring witnesses to testify that he is not dishonest, and he must then describe his property before he is entitled to recover it
623:
a bill of divorce may be declared invalid only in the presence of the messenger who has brought it, or in the presence of the wife before she has received it
979:
Ordinances relating to legal proceedings were highly important so long as the Jews retained their own judicial system in the
Diaspora. They are a form of
1088:
if one has unintentionally damaged the property of another, he must take an oath to that effect before he can be released from the payment of damages
158:
are executed out of fear that some might otherwise carry the mentioned items between home and the synagogue, thus inadvertently violating one of the
876:
A servant who is half free may compel his master to manumit him entirely; but he must give a note for one-half his value; and this debt must be paid
575:
all the real estate of the husband to be entered in the marriage contract in favor of the wife, but the former may employ the dowry in his business;
1207:
A widow is obliged to take an oath only in case the property bequeathed to her by her husband is insufficient to discharge her marriage contract
1061:
if an employer has only one witness to testify to the payment of a contract, the claimants must take an oath before they can receive their money
2843:
Grätz, Gesch. iii. 111, 140, 212, 350; iv. 132, 157, 161; v. 336; vi. 180-182; vii. 21, 102; viii. 14, 49, 211, 268; ix. 451; x. 51, 69, 386.
98:, those of unknown origin being ascribed to earlier leaders, and they have been promulgated at all subsequent periods of Jewish history.
1055:
if a manager asserts that he has paid an employee, and the latter denies it, both parties take the oath, and the employer pays them both
1046:
If a laborer demands his wages and his employer asserts that he has paid them, the former must take an oath before he can obtain payment
1001:
acquisition by a verbal conveyance of the three parties concerned is legal; this is not, however, explicitly declared to be an ordinance
231:
the seven days of wedding festivities for a virgin (the festivities for a widow's wedding were later ordained to last three days), and
850:
in a bill of divorce the date must be given according to the state calendar; later it was also dated according to the era of
Creation
702:
the insertion of the prayer against heretics in the time of
Gamaliel, and, much later, of the "Adonai Sefatai" before the "Tefillah."
2858:
620:
a widow may take the portion secured to her by her marriage contract only after all claims of the orphans have been fully satisfied
1351:
also adopted many such ordinances, though more moderate in character, among them various statutes regarding marriage and divorce.
1273:
1036:
on the strength of his contract a creditor may collect his debts either from the heirs or from those who purchase from the debtor
611:
The condemnation of 2,000 (subsequently increased) cubits of ground in which New Moon witnesses might freely move on the
Sabbath
727:
a father must deal gently with his son until the latter reaches the age of twelve; but after that age he may be severe with him
438:
The introduction of seven blessings into the "Tefillah" on the
Sabbath and holidays; the addition of nine benedictions to the
900:
if there is any property without encumbrance, nothing may be taken in payment of a debt from a field which has been mortgaged
762:
women living in lonely places must associate with one another, so as not to attract the attention and evil desire of any man
1079:
if two parties each claim to have received the same piece of property at the same time, they must take oath to that effect
1010:
even before taking possession a son may dispose of a part of his deceased father's property to defray the funeral expenses
557:
the daughter of a priest to be entitled to 300 zuzim under her marriage contract, and the widow of a priest to 100 zuzim
1082:
if one asserts that a piece of property entrusted to him has been stolen from him, he must take an oath to that effect
1058:
if a contract is falsified by the wife or by the creditor, they must each take an oath before they can receive payment
805:
an orphan girl married during her minority may leave her husband without a bill of divorce on attaining her majority
126:: "positive legislation", practices instituted by the rabbis not based (directly) on the commandments as such, e.g.
1348:
868:
The more the Jews came in contact with the Romans and the Persians, the more they were obliged to mitigate the
495:
bowing before and after the first blessing ("Avot") and before and after the penultimate blessing ("hoda'ah")
2786:
1336:
944:
the poor are permitted to pluck fruit from a neighbor's tree, but taking what remains on the ground is theft
932:
the eruv (joint legal domain to insure free movement on Shabbat) may be arranged even with unoccupied houses
736:
elucidation of the seven doubtful reasons through which the terumah becomes unfit for use and must be burned
319:
the introduction of twenty-four divisions of laymen, corresponding to the twenty-four watches of the priests
301:
and Hillel made obligatory for Terumah as well, while later authorities extended it to still other occasions
304:
the regulation regarding entrance upon another's fields after the harvest (possibly enacted by Joshua also)
1052:
one who asserts that he has been injured by another person must take an oath before he can recover damages
650:
they may not desecrate the Sabbath by traveling, except in Nisan and Tishri, the most important two months
81:
35:
1242:
If a Samaritan betroths a female Jew, she must have a bill of divorce before any one else can marry her
2747:
2471:
1372:
1328:
915:
accidental defilement of holy vessels either by a layman or by the priest in the Temple is punishable
64:
2773:
1883:
Ketuvot 49a, 50b; Yerushalmi Ketuvot 4 28b; Moed Kattan 17a; Yerushalmi Moed Kattan 3 8; Shabbat 15b
2863:
2777:
1382:
1225:
1172:, and Geonic periods of Jewish law, although their exact dates are no longer known. These include:
1085:
one who has unwittingly purchased stolen property must take an oath before he can recover his money
637:
563:
the ketubah of a virgin to be of the value of 200 zuzim, and that of a widow or divorcée, 100 zuzim
107:
844:
a bill of divorce must be written and signed in the presence of the messenger who is to deliver it
1073:
liquidation of a debt by means of property dedicated to the sanctuary may be made only under oath
966:
if one brings a stolen animal as a sin-offering before the theft is known, the sacrifice is valid
662:
priests may not wear sandals when they ascend the "dukan," or platform, to pronounce the blessing
633:
568:
217:
960:
if a robber or a usurer wishes to restore goods or money taken, they or it shall not be accepted
405:
the law obliging peddlers to traverse the city in case they deal in articles necessary for women
138:
refers to the authority to prohibit some things that would otherwise be biblically sanctioned (
1291:
60:
832:
a widow is entitled to remain in the house of her deceased husband and to share in the income
721:
if a man transfers his property to his sons, both he and his wife enjoy a life income from it
2722:
2620:
1367:
869:
752:
697:
586:
118:
957:
One who steals a beam and builds it into his house need pay for the damage to the beam only
371:
the reading of ten verses of the Torah by three men on Monday and Thursday (Bava Kamma 82a)
2742:
1184:
980:
903:
the least desirable portion of the real estate of orphans may be taken in payment of debts
469:
232:
117:: "preventive legislation" of the classical rabbis, intended to prevent violations of the
72:
26:
659:
the consumption of new grain is forbidden during the entire day of the waving of the Omer
67:, issued to improve and preserve religious life. It is, therefore, the antithesis of the
2726:
1138:
On the Sabbath and on holidays one may move freely within a radius of 2,000 cubits (see
1013:
if one unwittingly purchases stolen goods, the owner must refund the money paid for them
835:
orphan girls share the income from their father's estate until they reach their majority
110:
wide legislative powers. There are two powerful legal tools within the halachic system:
2781:
2769:
2730:
1512:
1499:
1392:
1234:
1139:
1132:
859:
a woman becomes free even though only a single witness testifies to her husband's death
765:
a child accompanied by its mother must not lag behind on the road, lest it come to harm
759:
during a funeral the mourners must remain standing while those who console them pass by
693:
550:
422:
328:
211:
941:
things found in the possession of one to whom they would not normally come imply theft
134:
However, the general term "takkanah" is used to refer to either gezeirot or takkanot.
2852:
2764:
2550:
2475:
1221:
500:
379:
356:
197:
95:
938:
Taking an animal caught in another person’s trap (while hunting) is considered theft
894:
if one divorces his wife for immorality, he may never take her back again (ib. 45a);
2816:
Rosenthal, Die Judengemeinde in Mainz, Speier, und Worms, p. 44, Berlin, 1904;
1262:
1076:
expenses incurred in behalf of the wife's property may be recovered only under oath
770:
473:
334:
284:
193:
the observance on holy days of the ceremonies peculiar to the festivals in question
151:
142:). Rabbis may rule that a Torah mitzvah should not be performed, e.g. blowing the
841:
the daughter is entitled to a certain portion of her father's estate as her dowry
838:
male heirs succeed to the property of the mother, even after their father's death
1266:
711:
673:
525:
443:
249:
ten regulations which, however, are not takkanot in the strict sense of the term
205:
201:
159:
1358:
held several conferences in the 1940s that issued statutes on various affairs.
1305:
1284:
1176:
The dowry of a wife and the movables of orphans may be taken in payment of debt
1245:
614:
the full names of the husband and the wife to be inserted in a bill of divorce
480:
344:
266:
91:). The term is applied also to the institution provided for in the enactment.
888:
and other sacred articles must not be taken from Gentiles for excessive price
512:
2589:
1298:
1149:
1049:
one who has been robbed must take an oath before he can recover his property
1023:
In actions for debt testimony may be accepted without further investigations
992:
It is permissible to take possession of real estate under certain conditions
906:
mortgaged property may not be applied to the pleasure or support of the wife
777:
messengers must be sent every month to announce the new moon to the Diaspora
730:
after a wife's death the husband may sell the property included in her dowry
707:
171:
998:
movables when together with immovables are acquired by purchase or contract
891:
if land in Israel is sold to a Gentile, the first-fruits must be forfeited
2804:
Jakob Brüll, Mebo ha-Mishnah, pp. 1–52, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1876;
1387:
1340:
1210:
In legal trials, both the principals and the witnesses must remain seated
1198:
The property of orphans may be taken for the marriage portion of the wife
1169:
1135:
is made in order that food for the Sabbath may be prepared on the holiday
1094:
1004:
a verbal conveyance of property by one who is moribund is legally binding
885:
647:
the testimony of such witnesses to be received at any time during the day
604:
536:
515:) by any who have not paid the proper tithes at the end of the third year
2763: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1067:
the payment of debts from mortgaged property may be made only under oath
1033:
a contract may be authenticated only by the witnesses who have signed it
740:
These ordinances were enacted by the rabbis of the second generation of
545:
Insertion of the name of God in legal documents (subsequently abrogated)
273:
increase of the eight watches of the priests to twenty-four (see above);
1426:
1377:
1355:
1165:
1161:
1112:
1101:
1027:
1026:
actions for debt may be tried even by judges who have not yet received
798:
741:
724:
the gift of more than one-fifth of one's property for alms is forbidden
594:
465:
375:
298:
225:
221:
147:
127:
56:
52:
51:) translated as 'improvement', is a major legislative enactment within
2834:
Rosenthal, in Hildesheimer Jubelschrift, pp. 37–53, Berlin, 1890;
1332:
1309:
1277:
1252:
1214:
644:
the New Moon witnesses must go to the place where the court assembles
540:
489:
439:
400:
313:
239:
167:
143:
1204:
The debtor must take an oath if he has obliged the creditor to do so
1160:
The making of new ordinances did not end with the completion of the
733:
one who attacks an old man must pay one pound of gold for the injury
521:
the use of rings in the shambles to force the animals to stand still
316:
on every important occasion, and especially after escape from danger
995:
movables may be acquired only by actual possession, not by purchase
856:
introduction of the "geṭ mekushshar" to make divorce more difficult
853:
witnesses must sign a bill of divorce in the presence of each other
684:
Agriculture is permitted until the first day of the Sabbatical year
1397:
1344:
1108:
1064:
money due from the property of orphans may be paid only under oath
926:
751:
Three ordinances have been preserved which were promulgated by R.
677:
186:
2798:
Frankel, Hodegetica in Mischnam, pp. 3, 4, 28, 29 et passim;
1104:
must be searched for with a light on the eve of the 13th of Nisan
1121:
those who partake must recline while eating, in token of freedom
1070:
payment in the absence of the debtor may be made only under oath
507:
Decree forbidding the recitation of the prayer of thanksgiving,
409:
364:
292:
254:
1251:
The interruption of the first and last three blessings of the
2819:
Kohut, Gesch. der Deutschen Juden, p. 121, Berlin, 1898;
323:
To the Prophets before the destruction of Solomon's Temple:
947:
even the Gentile may share in the harvest gifts to the poor
879:
the ransom paid for prisoners must not exceed the usual sum
656:
the lulav to be swung on all the seven days of the festival
636:
were promulgated before the time of the destruction of the
327:
payment of terumah and tithes in Babylon as well as in the
1258:
The recitation of the morning blessings in the synagogue
429:
Introduction of blessings, prayer, Kiddush, and Havdalah
393:
early rising on Friday morning for the purpose of baking
826:
a husband must defray the expenses of his wife's burial
396:
the wearing of a girdle by women for reasons of modesty
2807:
Bloch, Sha'are Torat ha-Taḳḳanot, Budapest, 1879–1902;
1312:
prayer on the Sabbath, in memory of the death of Moses
1179:
Movables may be attached for the dowry of orphan girls
820:
the husband must pay all bills for his wife's illness
668:
abolition of the ritual governing trials for adultery
351:
To the Prophets after the destruction of the Temple:
2828:
Perles, in Monatsschrift, 1865, pp. 84 et seq.;
2632:"Ḥemdah Genuzah," 112; "Halakot Gedolot," p. 9a
829:
whatever is found by the wife belongs to her husband
162:, a greater sin than neglecting the banned mitzvah.
86:
40:
1230:
Permission to trade with Gentiles on their holidays
1201:
The debtor must take an oath if he is unable to pay
935:
the cistern nearest the river is to be filled first
780:
concerning the purchase of fields among the Sicarii
432:
the recitation of the "Shemoneh Esreh" on weekdays;
617:the signatures of witnesses to the bill of divorce
518:the appointment of officials to collect the tithes
1576:"Yedei Eliyahu," ed. Constantinople, 1728, xl. 14
1481:Bava Kamma 80b, 81b, 114a; Tosefta Bava Metzia 11
1182:An oath is valid in cases involving real estate (
417:Second Temple period (excluding biblical figures)
228:, which Samuel and David increased to twenty-four
2801:Rapoport, 'Erek Millin, s.v. Usha, Prague, 1852;
1220:The priest to be the first one called up to the
864:For the "preservation of the order of the world"
408:ritual baths for those who have become unclean (
340:payment of it in Egypt, Ammon, and Moab likewise
912:a guardian may not be compelled to take an oath
297:the washing of the hands before Kiddush, which
817:the earnings of the wife belong to her husband
94:Takkanot were enacted even in the time of the
1007:a convert may be the heir of a Gentile father
909:one who finds anything shall not take an oath
847:the date must be given in all legal documents
823:a husband must ransom his wife from captivity
384:sessions of the courts on Monday and Thursday
8:
1472:Yerushalmi Ketuvot 1:1; compare Ketuvot 3a,b
744:, Rabbi Ishmael being especially mentioned.
581:the declaration that foreign glass is impure
808:the permission to marry a feebleminded girl
2822:Güdemann, Gesch. i. 44, 138, 243, note i.;
1164:: enactments were promulgated also in the
653:the shofar to be blown even on the Sabbath
2831:Sefer ha-Eshkol, i. 9. Halberstadt, 1867;
1239:An apostate may draw up a bill of divorce
811:a virgin should be married on a Wednesday
374:the reading of Leviticus 26:14-46 before
347:("ma'aser 'ani") even in the seventh year
2840:Kerem Ḥamar, ii. 34a-36b, Leghorn, 1869;
2457:
2455:
1834:
1832:
2427:
2425:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1409:
882:prisoners must not be allowed to escape
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2105:
2103:
2101:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1343:, as well as removing restrictions on
1195:Criminal cases may be tried in Babylon
801:and relating to women are as follows:
488:addition of the "Magen Avot" from the
2623:17; Megillah 31b; Tosefta Berachot 19
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1438:Megillah 28a; Yerushalmi Megillah 4:1
1290:The recitation of the "Shema" in the
1148:lost articles to be announced in the
718:a man must support his minor children
378:, and of Deuteronomy 28:15-69 before
359:, First of Tishri, and Tenth of Tevet
337:("ma'aser sheni") in the seventh year
276:the recitation of 100 blessings daily
246:the second blessing in Birkat Hamazon
7:
279:the third blessing in Birkat Hamazon
1131:if a Sabbath follows a holiday, an
539:festival, beginning on the 25th of
233:seven days of mourning for the dead
76:
30:
16:Novel edict in Jewish religious law
2270:Bava Metzia 16a; Tosefta Nedarim 6
797:Ordinances from the period of the
387:the washing of clothes on Thursday
355:fasting on the Seventh of Tammuz,
14:
2748:The Moroccan Rabbinic Conferences
1315:The blessing for the bridal night
1192:No oath may be taken on the Bible
696:, in memory of those who fell at
455:period of duration of each prayer
452:recitation of a number of prayers
446:, and of twenty-four on fast-days
2790:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2758:
2562:responsa, "Ge'onim Kadmonim," 46
1018:Ordinances relating to civil law
688:Ascribed to the court of Yavne:
531:By the court of the Hasmoneans:
524:prohibition of blacksmithing on
2837:Neubauer, in R. E. J. xvii. 69;
2813:Aronius, Regesten, p. 115;
1261:The recitation of the blessing
1118:four cups of wine must be drunk
987:Ordinances relating to commerce
925:The call to the reading of the
755:(third generation of tannaim):
710:of Yavne seems to have gone to
578:compulsory attendance at school
929:to be made in a definite order
706:After R. Gamaliel's death the
390:the eating of garlic on Friday
1:
2514:"Ḥemdah Genuzah," p. 60a
2496:"Sha'arei Tzedek," v. 4, § 22
1690:Megillat Ta'anit; Shabbat 21b
261:salutation in the name of God
106:Classical Jewish law granted
2825:Weiss, Dor, iv., v., passim;
1856:Keritot 9a; Rosh Hashana 31b
1502:18; but compare Menachot 43b
814:various laws of purification
458:the offering of prayer daily
442:prayer for the New Moon and
1847:Sotah 40a; Rosh Hashana 31b
291:the practise regarding the
200:on the Sabbath, holy days,
87:
41:
2880:
1892:Bava Batra 28b; Niddah 14b
1749:Shevuot 10:3,4; Gittin 36a
1740:Shabbat 14b; Ketuvot 8,end
1681:Sotah 47a, Moed Kattan 11a
1378:Mitzvah#Rabbinical mitzvot
632:Most of the ordinances of
55:, the normative system of
2592:, ed. Prague, p. 78d
2541:"Sha'arei Tzedek," iv. 59
2523:Tur Hoshen Mishpaṭ, 61, 2
1511:Shabbat 14b; Eruvin 21a;
1349:Chief Rabbinate of Israel
1248:must be read on fast-days
461:three times on week-days,
257:, the ancestor of David:
2859:Hebrew words and phrases
2601:"Ḥemdah Genuzah," 51, 86
2487:Tur Even haEzer 112, 113
2243:Gitin 13b; Kiddushin 48a
1717:Yevamot 39a; Ketuvot 82b
1156:Post-Mishnaic ordinances
1126:Miscellaneous ordinances
472:(festivals), fasts, and
2810:Brüll, Jahrb. viii. 61;
2787:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2704:Abudirham, p. 115a
1758:Arachin 31b; Gittin 74b
1524:Shabbat 14b; Eruvin 21b
952:Facilitating repentance
920:For "the sake of peace"
692:the fourth blessing of
449:Recitation of prayers:
308:To the early prophets:
2784:; et al. (eds.).
2713:Tur Orach Chayyim, 283
2695:Tur Orach Chayyim, 292
2686:Tur Orach Chayyim, 221
2677:Abudirham, p. 53c
2659:Tur Orach Chayyim, 236
2532:Tur Hoshen Mishpaṭ, 87
1425:Megillah 32a; compare
1265:in the morning and of
1041:Ordinances on the oath
483:, the Day of Atonement
399:the obligation of the
210:the first blessing in
2668:Tur Orach Chayyim, 51
2650:"Ḥemdah Genuzah," 125
2641:Tur Orach Chayyim, 46
2619:"Ḥemdah Genuzah," 4;
2571:Tur Orach Chayyim 135
1654:Yerushalmi Sotah 9 11
1329:Conservative Movement
1318:"Parashat ha-Musafim"
1287:in the morning prayer
1285:1 Chronicles 29:10–13
1224:, preceding even the
170:'s relationship with
2580:Tur Yoreh De'ah, 149
2472:Mordechai ben Hillel
1373:Conservative Halakha
1274:Baruch Adonai L'Olam
593:Introduction of the
154:, on Shabbat. These
2727:תקנות הרבנות הראשית
2610:Tur Even haEzer, 44
1383:Rabbinic literature
638:Temple in Jerusalem
607:(mid-1st century):
535:Celebration of the
2792:Its bibliography:
2216:Bava Metzia 10a, b
1515:, Shir Hashirim 23
1304:The recitation of
1272:The recitation of
634:Yohanan ben Zakkai
569:Shimon ben Shetach
421:To the men of the
150:, or blessing the
128:rabbinical mitzvot
2553:, Sanhedrin, 21:5
2288:Sanhedrin 3a, 32a
1874:Tosefta Sheviit 1
1663:Tosefta Sotah, 13
1283:The insertion of
1280:before the Amidah
983:. These include:
676:and the court of
640:. These include:
492:on Friday evening
140:shev v'al ta'aseh
85:
61:rabbinical decree
39:
2871:
2791:
2762:
2761:
2752:
2740:
2734:
2723:Zerach Warhaftig
2720:
2714:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2323:
2320:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2185:
2182:
2169:
2166:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:Ketuvot 46b, 47b
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1910:Rosh Hashana 22b
1908:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1838:Rosh Hashana 30a
1836:
1827:
1826:Rosh Hashana 29b
1824:
1818:
1817:Rosh Hashana 21b
1815:
1809:
1808:Rosh Hashana 30b
1806:
1800:
1799:Rosh Hashana 31b
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1768:
1767:Rosh Hashana 23b
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1699:Rosh Hashana 18b
1697:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1368:613 commandments
1335:and to serve as
1255:by supplications
1107:on Passover eve
870:black letter law
753:Jose ben Halafta
628:Tannaitic period
589:(75 BC - 5 AD):
587:Hillel the Elder
476:(New Moons), and
218:priestly watches
90:
80:
78:
44:
34:
32:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2849:
2848:
2782:Singer, Isidore
2768:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2743:Marc B. Shapiro
2741:
2737:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:ib. iv. 1, § 62
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2474:on Ketuvot 10;
2469:
2465:
2461:Bava Metzia 28b
2460:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:Bava Metzia 82b
2400:
2396:
2392:Bava Kamma 114b
2391:
2387:
2383:Bava Metzia 34b
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2326:
2321:
2310:
2306:Bava Batra 176a
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:Bava Kamma 114b
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:Bava Kamma 146b
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:Bava Metzia 44a
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2188:
2183:
2172:
2167:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:Bava Batra 160a
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:Bava Metzia 67a
2031:
2027:
2023:Bava Metzia 52b
2022:
2013:
2009:Bava Metzia 12a
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1364:
1325:
1323:In modern times
1246:Exodus 32:11–14
1185:Halakot Gedolot
1158:
1128:
1115:, must be eaten
1098:
1043:
1020:
989:
981:business ethics
977:
954:
922:
866:
795:
793:Regarding women
790:
783:on menstruation
630:
419:
343:payment of the
333:payment of the
312:The singing of
183:
152:lulav and etrog
104:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2774:Schulim Ochser
2770:Wilhelm Bacher
2754:
2753:
2735:
2731:Herzog College
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2463:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2374:Bava Metzia 2a
2367:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2324:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2186:
2170:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2120:
2111:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1609:Bava Kamma 82a
1587:
1578:
1569:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1533:Bava Kamma 80b
1526:
1517:
1513:Yalkut Shimoni
1504:
1500:Numbers Rabbah
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1440:
1431:
1418:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1393:Shulkhan Arukh
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1354:The rabbis of
1347:marriage. The
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1306:Psalms 119:142
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1270:
1269:in the evening
1259:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:Fast of Esther
1231:
1228:
1218:
1217:is not "issur"
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1140:techum shabbat
1136:
1133:eruv tavshilin
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
988:
985:
976:
969:
968:
967:
964:
961:
958:
953:
950:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
921:
918:
917:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
883:
880:
877:
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
784:
781:
778:
767:
766:
763:
760:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
704:
703:
700:
694:Birkat Hamazon
686:
685:
670:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
629:
626:
625:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
601:
600:
597:
583:
582:
579:
576:
565:
564:
561:
558:
551:priestly court
547:
546:
543:
529:
528:
522:
519:
516:
509:Viddui Ma'aser
503:(135-106 BC):
497:
496:
493:
486:
485:
484:
479:five times on
477:
464:four times on
462:
459:
456:
453:
447:
436:
433:
430:
423:Great Assembly
418:
415:
414:
413:
406:
403:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
372:
361:
360:
349:
348:
341:
338:
331:
329:Land of Israel
321:
320:
317:
306:
305:
302:
295:
281:
280:
277:
274:
263:
262:
251:
250:
247:
236:
235:
229:
214:
212:Birkat Hamazon
208:
194:
182:
176:
132:
131:
121:
108:rabbinic sages
103:
100:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2876:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2776:(1901–1906).
2775:
2771:
2766:
2765:public domain
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2551:Mishneh Torah
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:Mishneh Torah
2473:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2419:Pesachim 120a
2416:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2261:Kiddushin 17b
2258:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2234:Kiddushin 26a
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1901:Sanhedrin 19a
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1542:Pesachim 117a
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1416:Sanhedrin 74b
1413:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:Torah reading
1219:
1216:
1213:Wine made by
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:, mixed with
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
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513:Deut. 26:5–10
510:
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494:
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380:Rosh Hashanah
377:
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198:Torah reading
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96:Second Temple
92:
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58:
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43:
37:
28:
24:
23:
2785:
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2691:
2682:
2673:
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2655:
2646:
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2615:
2606:
2597:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2466:
2445:
2436:
2431:Pesachim 99b
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2150:
2141:
2114:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1946:Yevamot 112b
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
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1870:
1861:
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1822:
1813:
1804:
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1754:
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1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1645:Berachot 26b
1641:
1636:Berachot 33a
1632:
1623:
1618:Berachot 33a
1614:
1585:Megillah 31b
1581:
1572:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1507:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1454:Berachot 48b
1434:
1421:
1412:
1353:
1326:
1263:Ahava rabbah
1183:
1159:
1109:bitter herbs
1093:Relating to
978:
972:
867:
796:
771:Judah HaNasi
768:
750:
746:
739:
705:
687:
672:Ascribed to
671:
631:
602:
584:
566:
548:
530:
508:
499:Ascribed to
498:
474:Rosh Chodesh
420:
362:
350:
335:second tithe
322:
307:
285:King Solomon
282:
264:
252:
237:
224:and four by
185:Ascribed to
184:
179:
164:
155:
139:
136:
133:
123:
119:commandments
114:
105:
102:Introduction
93:
68:
47:
46:
21:
20:
18:
2478:, Ishut, 15
2440:Beitzah 15b
2410:Pesachim 2a
2365:Ketuvot 97b
2356:Shevuot 42b
2347:Ketuvot 97a
2338:Ketuvot 87a
2322:Shevuot 44b
2297:Ketuvot 18b
2086:Yevamot 87b
2000:Ketuvot 76a
1991:Ketuvot 76b
1982:Ketuvot 51a
1937:Ketuvot 46b
1726:Ketuvot 10a
1708:Ketuvot 12a
1627:Megillah 2a
1567:Yadayim 4:3
1551:Ta'anit 27a
1463:Ta'anit 27a
1267:Ahavat Olam
1030:(Sanhedrin)
674:Gamaliel II
526:Chol HaMoed
444:Chol HaMoed
206:Chol HaMoed
202:Rosh Hodesh
160:39 Melakhot
2864:Jewish law
2853:Categories
2778:"Takkanah"
2449:Eruvin 49b
2207:Gittin 59a
2198:Gittin 55a
2184:Gittin 59b
2168:Gittin 59a
2154:Gittin 52b
2145:Gittin 52a
2136:Gittin 48b
2118:Gittin 47a
2109:Gittin 45a
2095:Gittin 40b
2068:Gittin 10a
2059:Gittin 79b
2050:Gittin 17a
2041:Gittin 1:1
1964:Niddah 11a
1955:Ketuvot 2a
1928:Niddah 66a
1919:Gittin 55b
1790:Gittin 32a
1781:Gittin 34b
1490:Makkot 23b
1429:Megillah 7
1404:References
1301:of Sabbath
605:Gamaliel I
481:Yom Kippur
357:Tisha B'Av
345:poor tithe
267:King David
220:, four by
216:the eight
2590:Abudirham
1865:Sotah 47a
1672:Sotah 47a
1337:witnesses
1299:Shacharit
1150:synagogue
971:Business
708:Sanhedrin
178:Biblical
172:Ahasuerus
82:romanized
65:ordinance
45:, plural
36:romanized
2470:compare
1388:Responsa
1362:See also
1341:beth din
1292:Kedushah
1170:Saboraic
1095:Passover
886:Tefillin
788:By topic
537:Hanukkah
180:takkanot
156:gezeirot
124:Takkanah
115:Gezeirah
77:גְּזֵרָה
48:takkanot
22:takkanah
2767::
1427:Tosefta
1356:Morocco
1308:at the
1215:Muslims
1166:Amoraic
1162:Mishnah
1113:haroset
1102:chametz
1028:semicha
973:takkano
799:Mishnah
742:tannaim
595:Prosbul
549:By the
470:Yom Tov
466:shabbat
376:Shavuot
299:Shammai
226:Ithamar
222:Eleazar
196:public
148:Shabbat
84::
69:gezerah
57:Judaism
53:halakha
42:taqqānā
38::
2621:Sofrim
1333:minyan
1310:Mincha
1294:prayer
1278:Maariv
1253:Amidah
1189:xxii).
769:To R.
541:Kislev
490:Amidah
440:mussaf
401:mikvah
314:Hallel
240:Joshua
204:, and
168:Esther
144:shofar
88:gǝzērā
73:Hebrew
27:Hebrew
2780:. In
1398:Torah
1345:kohen
1339:to a
927:Torah
698:Betar
678:Yavne
187:Moses
2772:and
1327:The
1233:The
1226:nasi
712:Usha
410:Keri
365:Ezra
293:Eruv
255:Boaz
31:תקנה
1276:in
603:By
585:By
571::
567:By
363:To
283:To
265:To
253:To
238:To
146:on
63:or
2855::
2745:,
2729:,
2725:,
2454:^
2424:^
2327:^
2311:^
2189:^
2173:^
2159:^
2123:^
2100:^
2014:^
1831:^
1772:^
1731:^
1590:^
1556:^
1443:^
1168:,
773::
680::
553::
468:,
425::
367::
287::
269::
242::
189::
174:.
79:,
75::
33:,
29::
19:A
2751:.
2733:.
1187:,
1142:)
975:t
511:(
412:)
130:.
71:(
25:(
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