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Pike refers to "Le
Original Leve" as "my friend" in his journal entry dated September 24, 1805. General Palmer presumed the two men traveled together to what is now Colorado. Tahama later chose to be called by a Dakota nickname, “Tamahay,” which means “pike,” a fish. Tahama was amused by the pun, but
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To locate the spring, Palmer and his good friend, park enthusiast Mrs. Gilbert McClurg, visited the park's site and flagged the spring's approximate whereabouts. Palmer then directed his engineer team to begin an excavation. Once the spring was located, the water flow was traced inland about 50
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Inside the restored pavilion will be wall-mounted reproductions of the original bronze medallions honoring Tahama, Pike and Palmer. Tahama and Pike are represented as young men from the expedition at age 27. Palmer, who was a railroad tycoon at the age of 32, is represented as a young industrialist.
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Recently more than 150 people raised their glasses with a toast to Tahama Spring and tasted the spring's delicious mineral water. This marked the first time in 53 years that anyone had done so. Collected and polished just days before, the spring water was enjoyed and celebrated by guests at the
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Regrettably, the bridge was washed away in the flood of 1935 and the spring and pavilion were moderately damaged. Hoping to prevent future catastrophes, the Works
Progress Administration (WPA) made substantial modifications to the park grounds by widening the channel and increasing the height of the
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A few years later a bridge was installed to link Tahama Spring directly to the downtown area allowing pedestrians easier access from the east side of the creek. Local resident and park neighbor, Helen McCaffrey, recalled in 2015 during an interview with the
Historic Preservation Alliance of Colorado
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Even with the taller WPA creek banks, heavy rains and subsequent flooding in May 1965 badly damaged the memorial pavilion and font. The pavilion was later razed and the font was capped. With little more than a slab remaining, and being obscured by the elevated creek banks, Tahama Spring, the
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Many enjoyed the mineral springs, and Palmer often visited the area to draw water. However, continued flooding over the next few years buried the springs with sands, and the source of the mineral water was again lost for a time. With the area covered, it was neglected and became unsightly and
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This HPA event formally kicked off the full restoration of Tahama Spring, its memorial pavilion and the surrounding grounds. The reconstructed pavilion will rest above the flood plain, but will otherwise follow the original design. Tahama Spring water will flow from a limestone font and through a
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by architect Elmer L. Nieman, the pavilion was octagonal in plan, constructed of masonry and embellished with limestone accents and terracotta roofing. Four opposing arches had iron railings with integral benches facing inward toward the font while the alternating four arches served as entrances.
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The mineral spring was enjoyed by the public, and, in June 1905, Edward C. Schneider, a professor at
Colorado College, published an analysis of the mineral content and proclaimed the water's purity. The source of the spring water was also documented. “Water flows from the west along a shale
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Tragically, Palmer was paralyzed in a horseback riding accident in 1906 and died in 1909. Some years later, community leaders sought ideas from the public to honor Palmer. It was then, in 1923, that McClurg proposed a memorial to Palmer, Pike and Tahama and to carry out Palmer's wishes in
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While many referred to the spring initially as “Carlsbad Spring,” Palmer preferred naming the spring after "Tammaha," the man believed to be
Zebulon Pike's Sioux Indian scout. This would commemorate Tammaha's presumed service in the expedition, which was crucial to opening the high plains and
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The public agreed and embraced McClurg's proposal. Soon after, the Parks Board selected “Tahama” as the name for the spring and commissioned the design of a pavilion. The structure was to be a memorial to “Tahama, the native; Lieut. Zebulon Pike, the explorer, and Gen. William J. Palmer, the
200:, the two men would have been 27 years old. Each was regarded as a leader and a warrior, but being similar in age, they were peers, truly comrades, and likely shared stories and laughter during their challenging journey. They continued their rapport for many years and served together in the
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Intending to memorialize the community's original spring and to beautify the surrounding grounds, Palmer envisioned
Monument Valley Park, a world-class public green similar to those he had seen in England. In 1904, he tasked chief engineer Edmond C. Van Diest to create a “charming and
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In Pike's journal, he refers to Tamaha as "Le
Original Leve," which was a misspelling of his French name (L'Orignal Levé or "Standing Moose, which Pike translated as "Rising Moose"). In an index to his own memoirs, Pike lists Dakota name as Tahamie.
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The mineral spring was a popular feature of
Monument Valley Park, which was completed for public use in November 1907, but its name was undecided. As a placeholder, Palmer had simply noted “Mineral Spring” on the map of the park.
105:, due east of Pikes Peak, where mineral springs had been reported. The local newspaper detailed how mineral water was piped to the D&RG depot in 1871, but those improvements were lost in periodic flooding along the shifting creek basin.
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feet from the creek bank and a cistern structure was built to a depth of 12 feet. A font was erected at grade with a pipe extending downward to the water flow, and a hand pump was installed to bring water to the surface.
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During excavations in 1880 to accommodate a new railroad bridge for the D&RG, Monument Creek was reconfigured in an area just north of downtown
Colorado Springs. Within the newly carved creek banks, numerous
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picturesque” network of gardens, water features and bridges. Palmer also announced plans for a handsome structure at the mineral spring, comparable to the finely crafted springhouses in neighboring
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History of
Hennepin County and the City of Minneapolis: Including the Explorers and Pioneers of Minnesota, by Rev. Edward D. Neill, and Outlines of the History of Minnesota, by J. Fletcher Williams
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mineral springs slowly reemerged and were discovered by Dr. Charles Gatchell. Iron salts from the spring water had discolored the creek banks allowing Gatchell to trace the flow to the source.
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Springs (HPA), that she often crossed that bridge to reach the spring. She also confirmed that the pavilion was a roofed structure where she and a high school sweetheart would often visit.
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Bronze medallions were placed on the interior above each entrance with castings in the likenesses of Tahama, Pike, and Palmer and a fourth plaque offered a brief epitaph on each man.
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While accounts differ on the dates of Tahama's birth, it appears Pike and Tahama were the same age. When the Pike expedition tried the ascent of the mountain known today as
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471:"Tahama Well Suspension Bridge, Monument Valley Park" (1929-02). Historical blueprints. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Pikes Peak Library District, Special Collections.
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was recognized by many names including Tahama, Tahamie and Tamahaw. Pike's memoirs and the writings of Elliott Coues, Edward D. Neill, J. Fletcher Williams and
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in 1926 to commemorate these early pioneers, the name “Tahama Spring” was selected and inscribed on decorative limestone-carved cartouches above each entrance.
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The Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike: To Headwaters of the Mississippi River, Through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, During the Years 1805-6-7
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Schneider, Edward C. "Analysis of the Water of the Spring in Monument Valley Park" (1905-06-26) . Colorado Springs Parks Collection. Colorado College.
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The Pike expedition opened the central-west and southwest region to trade and the growth of industry and settlements. In 1870, Palmer created the
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604:"Historical photographs" (1935) . Historical photographs. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum, Special Collections.
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layer and empties into Monument Creek,” Schneider noted, and the water “is not sourced or influenced by the creek, but is pure.”
101:(D&RG) and envisioned connecting Denver south to a new resort community and eventually to Mexico. He founded Colorado Springs along
615:"Historical photographs" (1935) . Historical photographs. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Pikes Peak Library District, Special Collections.
693:"Historical photographs" (1965). Historical blueprints. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Pikes Peak Library District, Special Collections.
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creek banks. WPA workers also restored the pavilion and font and the community prized Tahama Spring water for the next 30 years.
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man whom Pike believed was a "war chief" and who later inspired the name for the original spring in Colorado Springs.
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338:"Chalybeate Springs, discovered within the corporation of this city, medicinal waters flowing into the Monument"
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Long, Jeffrey. (2015). Interview with Helen McCaffrey. : Historic Preservation Alliance of Colorado Springs.
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of the explorer near the main entrance of the Antlers Hotel, and he was eager to honor Tammaha as well.
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Tahama Spring pavilion designed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style by architect Elmer L. Nieman
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358:"Pavilion for new spring: Gen. Palmer will make some additional improvements in Monument Park".
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The pavilion and refurbished spring font opened in the summer of 1926. Designed in the
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foothills for Palmer and his new community. Palmer had already honored Pike with a
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photos tell the bleak story of Thursday's devastating floods and tornados"
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handcrafted pump, both replicated to match the earliest components.
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in two journal entries in 1805. When the local Parks Board commissioned a
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Newport in the Rockies: The life and good times of Colorado Springs
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web page of the Historic Preservation Alliance of Colorado Springs
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550:. Vol. 4. Scituate, MA: Digital Scanning, Inc. p. 680.
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he was equally honored to share the name of his American friend.
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Warner, G.E.; Foote, C.M.; Neill, E.D.; Williams, J.F. (1881).
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all confirm that these names are for the same individual: the
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city's original spring and namesake, was nearly forgotten.
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Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in the United States
428:. Vol. 9, no. 13/14. 1902-01-01. pp. 31–32.
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Buildings and structures in Colorado Springs, Colorado
383:"Would erect Fountain in park as Palmer Memorial"
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648:"Tahama Spring popular Colorado Springs spot"
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548:Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico
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528:. North Star Publishing Company. p. 83
788:Buildings and structures completed in 1926
715:https://hpasprings.org/restoration-tahama/
704:https://hpasprings.org/restoration-tahama/
451:"C.S. History Makers on Bronze Medallions"
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64:. Named by the city's founder, General
680:Colorado Springs Gazette and Telegraph
655:Colorado Springs Gazette and Telegraph
753:History of Colorado Springs, Colorado
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403:"Spring may make this city famous".
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783:Monuments and memorials in Colorado
583:. Mineola, N.Y: Dover. p. 27.
298:(1st ed.). Denver: Sage Books.
581:Indian heroes and great chieftains
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99:Denver & Rio Grande Railroad
773:1926 establishments in Colorado
347:. 1880-10-30. page 5, column 5.
255:"New Pavilion at Tahama Spring"
72:, who is mentioned by explorer
763:Pavilions in the United States
498:Pike, Z.M.; Coues, E. (1895).
158:Spanish Colonial Revival style
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458:The Colorado Springs Gazette
405:The Colorado Springs Gazette
390:The Colorado Springs Gazette
360:The Colorado Springs Gazette
262:Sunday Gazette and Telegraph
682:. 1965-06-18. pp. 7–8.
149:naming the mineral spring.
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504:. F. P. Harper. p. 88
309:Gatchell, Charles (1886).
37:38.8401778°N 104.8277611°W
16:Mineral spring in Colorado
579:Eastman, Charles (1997).
546:Hodge, Frederick (2003).
392:. 1923-07-23. p. 12.
634:Colorado Springs Gazette
407:. 1905-03-30. p. 5.
362:. 1905-04-23. p. 5.
345:Colorado Springs Gazette
226:HPA annual awards gala.
173:Zebulon Pike's "friend"
42:38.8401778; -104.8277611
74:Zebulon Montgomery Pike
730:Tahama Spring web page
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66:William Jackson Palmer
736:Restore Tahama Spring
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68:, the spring honors
58:Monument Valley Park
758:Springs of Colorado
419:"William J. Palmer"
169:Origins of the name
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747:Categories
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508:2019-01-11
268:2019-01-10
238:References
198:Pikes Peak
111:chalybeate
566:961309517
312:Haschisch
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294:(1961).
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93:History
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208:Damage
175:Tamaha
135:statue
70:Tamaha
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