History of the Taliban - Knowledge (XXG)

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among" their factions"; that $ 7 billion in Afghan government funds in US banks has been frozen, and that the 80% of the previous government's budget that came from "the United States, its partners, or international lenders", has been shut off, creating serious economic crisis; according to the U.N. World Food Program country director, Mary Ellen McGroarty, as of late 2021, early 2022 "22.8 million Afghans are already severely food insecure, and seven million of them are one step away from famine"; and that the world community has "unanimously" asked the Taliban "to form an inclusive government, ensure the rights of women and minorities and guarantee that Afghanistan will no more serve as the launching pad for global terrorist operations", before it recognizes the Taliban government. In conversation with journalist Anderson, senior Taliban leaders implied that the harsh application of sharia during their first era of rule in the 1990s was necessary because of the "depravity" and "chaos" that remained from the Soviet occupation, but that now "mercy and compassion" were the order of the day. This was contradicted by former senior members of the

347: 1066:, a traditional dress covering the entire body, with a small screen covering the face through which the wearer could see. Taliban restrictions became more severe after they took control of the capital. In February 1998, religious police forced all women off the streets of Kabul and issued new regulations ordering "householders to blacken their windows, so women would not be visible from the outside." Home schools for girls, which had been allowed to continue, were forbidden. In June 1998, the Taliban stopped all women from attending general hospitals, leaving the use of one all-women hospital in Kabul. There were many reports of Muslim women being beaten by the Taliban for violating the Taliban interpretation of the 645:

fundamentalist political parties. They also lacked knowledge of their country's history, including the war against the Soviets. Furthermore, they were ignorant of the tribal and cultural context of their country and community, its traditions and ethnic groups, having been orphaned and made rootless by the continuous war with little economic prospects, warfare, and puritanical Islam being the only sources of purpose available. Growing up in Islamic schools or segregated refugee camps or with few female relatives, they had little contact with women when mullahs told them women were a temptation. The Taliban offered the young men a way of life that gave it meaning.

1799: 1770: 1835:", so vigorous in their early rule, has been abandoned, perhaps made impossible by smartphones and Instagram. One local observer (Sayed Hamid Gailani) has argued the Taliban have not killed "a lot" of people after returning to power. Women are seen out on the street, Zabihullah Mujahid (acting Deputy Minister of Information and Culture) noted there are still women working in a number of government ministries, and claimed that girls will be allowed to attend secondary education when bank funds are unfrozen and the government can fund "separate" spaces and transportation for them. 251: 1882:'s report released in November 2021, the Taliban killed or forcibly disappeared more than 100 former members of the Afghan security forces in the three months since the takeover in just the four provinces of Ghazni, Helmand, Kandahar, and Kunduz. According to the report, the Taliban identified targets for arrest and execution through intelligence operations and access to employment records that were left behind. Former members of the security forces were also killed by the Taliban within days of registering with them to receive a letter guaranteeing their safety. 507: 1620:), though this might be lower in practice. These might be joined into a front around a popular commander. Above group commanders were district governors, and above them provincial governors. The units were usually ethnically homogenous. Groups could also specialise from tax collection to intelligence and special operations, among other specialties. Formations of 300–350 fighters were deployed for operations. Dadullah was the most powerful commander, with around 2000 fighters, and eventually gaining command of all operations in the south. 1664: 1519:, with a commanding representative in each one. Its fighters were claimed to be Taliban forces who never demobilised, and used weapons and ammunition left by the Emirate inside Afghanistan. It was composed of 23 groups of about 50 individuals each, for a total of around 1,100–1,200. However, it never established a shadow government, without any governance structures beyond the shura, representatives, and commanders. The commanders were self-sufficient, reducing fighting capability. It shut down in 2003. 1313:, visited the US in March, 2001. He portrayed the Taliban's action not as an act of irrationality, but as an act of rage over UNESCO and some western governments denying the Taliban use of the funds meant for the repairs of the war-damaged statues of the Buddha. He contended that the Taliban intended to use the money for drought relief. However, the Taliban spent much money and effort on destroying the statues, resources which they could have instead used for drought relief. 1811: 1782: 1476: 1335: 826: 1432:('fronts'), with between tens and a few hundred members each. In Pakistan, leaders tried to organise their old contacts. At first, the response was muted with few remaining in the ranks, mainly active in organisational activities. Assassinations and night letters against government collaborators were starting by 2003, however. Local groups started coalescing together under senior leaders, with such active leaders in 37: 1400: 1172:, the largest city in the north. Entering at 10 am on 8 August 1998, for the next two days the Taliban drove their pickup trucks "up and down the narrow streets of Mazar-i-Sharif shooting to the left and right and killing everything that moved – shop owners, cart pullers, women and children shoppers and even goats and donkeys." More than 8000 noncombatants were reported killed in Mazar-i-Sharif and later in 1593:. Support from Pakistan was modest in 2003–2004, with total external funding at US$ 20 million at the time. In 2005, however, Pakistan informed it of full support. The Haqqanis also joined the Shura. From 2005, the Shura began organising new structures for policymaking, such as a Health Commission and a Finance Commission. A Shura was also established for appointments of governors and commanders. 685:, with Mujahideen warlords often surrendering to them without a fight and the "heavily armed population" giving up their weapons. In the spring of 1996, Mullah Omar held a meeting of over a thousand Pashtun leaders for two weeks in Kandahar. It was the largest gathering of religious leaders in modern Afghan history. Pakistani officials also took part. The assembly ratified him as the 533:, dominated the city and freely traveled around it, with hundreds of roadblocks on its main roads and at the same time, widespread acts of violence and sexual crimes were also occurring inside the city. The rise of the Taliban was subsequently portrayed as creating Islamic order against crime and chaos. This connected popular Islamic values with the restoration of the glory of the 992:." The Afghan people were not allowed to have any cultural celebrations if women were present. If there were only men at the celebration it would be allowed, so long as it ended by 7:00 p.m, a set time. Many Taliban officials were slightly opposed to the idea of no entertainment, but even they wanted it to follow many of the religious restrictions. These rules were issued by the 637:(Mullah Omar) and his students to vow to rid Afghanistan of these criminals. Another motivation was that the Pakistan-based truck shipping mafia known as the "Afghanistan Transit Trade" and their allies in the Pakistan government, trained, armed, and financed the Taliban to clear the southern road across Afghanistan to the Central Asian Republics of extortionate bandit gangs. 1856:, noting "how seriously the men appeared to take their assignment." The unit's commander said that "We do not care which ethnic group we serve, our goal is to serve and provide security for Afghans." In response to "international criticism" over lack of diversity, an ethnic Hazara was appointed deputy health minister, and an ethnic Tajik appointed deputy trade minister. 1577:. The goal was reportedly not originally to overthrow the new government, but to gain an accommodation with it. Mullah Omar was not a part, but later endorsed the Shura. It made the southern insurgency more organised, with provincial and district governors in all its areas. In 2003 this included Kandahar and Helmand, and by 2004 Zabul, 4900: 1550:, with Al-Qaeda and local tribesmen also joining. Foreign fighters played a large role, with much support coming from northwest Pakistan. After military capacity was proven, Pakistani authorities also began to support to a significant extent. After support from the authorities to start a jihad in southeastern Afghanistan, the 492:. As the convoy arrived at the Pakistani border, the Taliban had just begun operating in the area. The ISI grasped the chance to wield power in the region by fostering a previously unknown Kandahari student movement. They continued to support the Taliban, as Pakistani allies, in their push to conquer Afghanistan in the 1990s. 1128:. The Taliban was experiencing the worst defeat in its history, with over 3,000 casualties and 3,600 troops captured in ten weeks, while over 250 Pakistanis were killed and 550 captured. Mullah Omar called for fresh arrivals from the Pakistani madrassas, with 5,000 answering the call. Help was also sought from 1019: 980:

activities: music, shaving of beards, keeping of pigeons, flying kites, displaying of pictures or portraits, western hairstyles, music and dancing at weddings, gambling, "sorcery", and not praying at prayer times. In February 2001, Taliban used sledgehammers to destroy representational works of art at the

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described their detention as "a sad reflection of the overall decline of press freedom and increasing attacks on journalists under Taliban rule." The journalists were released after several days. Subsequently, watchdog organizations have continued to document a number of arrests of local journalists,

1331:, the US struck Bin Laden's training camps in northeastern Afghanistan with cruise missiles, killing over 20 people. UN offices around the country were attacked by mobs in response, and an Italian UN military officer was killed while a French diplomat was wounded, with the organisation leaving Kabul. 1606:

followed by kidnappings and assassinations of government officials and collaborating village elders by 2005, with the former leaving villages in fear. Government schools and clinics were also burned down. Propaganda was also a part of the effort, with mosques used for disseminating messages, as well

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In May and June 2003, high Taliban officials proclaimed the Taliban regrouped and ready for guerrilla war to expel US forces from Afghanistan. Omar assigned five operational zones to Taliban commanders such as Dadullah. Dadullah took charge in Zabul province. From the second half of 2003 and through

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Only in mid-2002 exiled Taliban leaders in Pakistan began reconnecting with each other. Until 2003, even the Pakistani government was rejecting the defeated Taliban. Funding and supplies were also low, with the first donations coming in 2002 and early 2003 from some supportive Afghan businessmen and

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in 2001, the Taliban was quickly defeated in a campaign of American air power and special forces supporting anti-Taliban forces, being completely routed by November. An estimated 8,000 to 12,000 Taliban were killed, making up to 20 percent of total manpower. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ceased

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passed a resolution on 8 December 1998 threatening with sanctions if the Taliban did not change its behaviour, including in harbouring terrorists. On 15 October 1999, the bank accounts of the Taliban were frozen and international flights in and out of the country banned by the Security Council. On 6

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Employment of women was restricted to the medical sector because male medical personnel were not allowed to examine women. One result of the Taliban's ban on employment of women was the closing down of many primary schools, in places such as Kabul, not only for girls but for boys too, because almost

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involving Islamist rebels. India, meanwhile, was simply opposed to the Pakistani support given to the Taliban. They all gave support to the Taliban's enemies. After the fall of Kabul, Iran, Russia, and the Central Asian republics warned the Taliban not to move north, offering support to its enemies,

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The reasons for the remobilisation of the Taliban were related to the desire to push out foreign occupiers from the country, as well as the unjust treatment of former Taliban at the hands of the new government. Some non-Taliban began supporting them after bad experiences with the new government and

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on 25 August 1998 to make shared plans to stop the Taliban from advancing further. The wider international community continued to decry the Taliban's gender policies and refusal to honour diplomatic norms. After Saudi Arabia withdrew its representatives from Kabul and cut funding, Pakistan remained

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was moving towards Taliban heartlands in the south during 1996. Pakistani intelligence may have helped form the relationship between the two. The Taliban offered Bin Laden to the Saudis at the time, but they refused the offer. In Kandahar, Bin Laden delivered sermons and was praised by Mullah Omar.

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was more successfully disrupted, with 30–40 districts claimed to have been prevented from voting. The ISI reportedly paid US$ 30 million for this effort. Nevertheless, violence remained mild. The Taliban launched a re-escalation of the insurgency campaign in 2006. That year, a coordinated campaign

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emerged as the first Taliban centre in the region, with three autonomous groups being formed during 2002–2003. However, logistical problems kept activities limited in eastern Afghanistan. Most attacks were raids across the border from Pakistan. However, in 2004 another centre of activity came into

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Last year you rebelled against us and killed us. From all your homes you shot at us. Now we are here to deal with you. The Hazaras are not Muslims and now we have to kill Hazaras. You either accept to be Muslims or leave Afghanistan. Wherever you go we will catch you. If you go up we will pull you

1933:, have reportedly been prevented from celebrating their holidays as of 2023 by the Taliban government. Despite this, the Taliban in a later statement praised the communities and assured that their private land and property will be secured. In April 2024, the former sole Sikh member of parliament, 1321:

In 1998, the Taliban also forced foreign aid agencies to shut down. Saudi Arabia still supported them by providing pick up trucks and money, while Pakistan supported logistics and sent officers to help attacks. Iran, Russia, and Uzbekistan all supported the Northern Alliance. The support from the

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and the surrounding provinces, only losing a few dozen men. Either private Pakistani trucking interests or the Pakistani government aided its first military breakthroughs. It captured a weapons dump in mid-October with equipment for tens of thousands of soldiers in 17 tunnels created by Saudi and

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Explanations for the relative moderation of the new Taliban government and statements from its officials such as – "We have started a new page. We do not want to be entangled with the past," –?include that it did not expect to take over the country so quickly and still had "problems to work out

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pork, pig, pig oil, anything made from human hair, satellite dishes, cinematography, and equipment that produces the joy of music, pool tables, chess, masks, alcohol, tapes, computers, VCRs, television, anything that propagates sex and is full of music, wine, lobster, nail polish, firecrackers,

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was interpreted to ban a wide variety of activities hitherto lawful in Afghanistan: employment, education and sports for women, movies, television, videos, music, dancing, hanging pictures in homes, clapping during sports events, kite flying, and beard trimming. One Taliban list of prohibitions

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were later revealed to have contained over 2000 bodies, with the UN finding that they had been tortured and starved. The prisoners had been thrown into wells with 10 to 15 metres of water, followed by shots and handgrenades before the wells were bulldozed shut. They had also been suffocated in

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were also destroyed including a major museum and countless private art collections. A sample Taliban edict issued after their capture of Kabul is one decreed in December 1996 by the "General Presidency of Amr Bil Maruf and Nahi Anil Munkar" (or Religious Police) banning a variety of things and

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While the south of Afghanistan contained most of the population, the north contained 60 percent of the country's agricultural resources and 80 percent of its industrial, mineral and gas resources, with the Taliban viewing its capture as a high priority. The Taliban quickly moved into northern

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agreed to an initial reduction of its force level from 13,000 to 8,600 troops by July 2020, followed by a full withdrawal of its troops within 14 months if the Taliban honors its commitments. The deal was supported by China, Russia and Pakistan, although it did not involve the government of

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Men were required to have a beard extending farther than a fist clamped at the base of the chin. On the other hand, they had to wear their head hair short. Men were also required to wear a head covering. Possession was forbidden of depictions of living things, whether drawings, paintings or

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A small Taliban militia first emerged near Kandahar in the spring and summer of 1994, committing vigilante acts against minor warlords, with a fund of US$ 250,000 being supplied to it by local businessmen. They soon began to receive backing from local Durrani Pashtun leaders. These included

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ended up with two competing claimants for recognition, with the existing ambassador opposing the Taliban, while his deputy swore allegiance to them. After a period of competing missions with neither being given formal recognition, the US finally closed down the embassy and concluded that

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which were located in Pakistani refugee camps, and thousands more joined the march on the way. The students were mainly between the ages of 14 and 24, with little education other than Islamic subjects which were taught by "barely literate" teachers who were hired by mullahs or Pakistani

818:-led, Taliban-supported pipeline project on trips to Afghanistan and Pakistan in April and August 1996. She was one of the first senior American officials to meet personally with Taliban. Raphel called on the international community to engage the Taliban shortly after its takeover of 1694:, were released by the Afghan government as part of the Doha Agreement between the United States and the Taliban. According to Afghanistan's National Security Council, many of the released prisoners who were "experts" returned to the battlefield and strengthened the Taliban's hand. 864:

He also entertained visiting wealthy Gulf Arabs on hunting trips. In return for the Taliban, Bin Laden planned to train foreigners who would support the continuing Taliban campaign. Meanwhile, the Taliban assured that Afghanistan would not "be used to launch terrorist attacks".

1176:. Contrary to the injunctions of Islam, which demands immediate burial, the Taliban forbade anyone to bury the corpses for the first six days while they rotted in the summer heat and were eaten by dogs. In addition to this indiscriminate slaughter, the Taliban sought out and 1838:

When asked about the slaughter of Hazara Shia by the first Taliban régime, Suhail Shaheen, the Taliban nominee for Ambassador to the U.N. told Anderson "The Hazara Shia for us are also Muslim. We believe we are one, like flowers in a garden." In late 2021, journalists from

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troops to the border. Later, 200,000 regular soldiers were sent to the border, while the Taliban mobilised 5,000 fighters in response. However, tensions calmed after Afghanistan promised to release all Iranian truck drivers and return the bodies of the diplomats. After the

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of 1979, with their "sweeping" remake of society. However, as of 2021–2022, senior Taliban leaders have emphasized the "softness" of their revolution and how they desired "good relations" with the United States, in discussions with American journalist Jon Lee Anderson.

1867:. According to Anderson, some women still employed by the government are "being forced to sign in at their jobs and then go home, to create the illusion of equity"; and the appointment of ethnic minorities has been dismissed by an "adviser to the Taliban" as tokenism. 996:(PVSV) and enforced by its "religious police," a concept thought to be borrowed from the Saudis. In newly conquered towns hundreds of religious police beat offenders (typically men without beards and women who were not wearing their burqas properly) with long sticks. 1097:, 2,500 Taliban troops took over the city in 1997, imposing oppressive rule on the historically diverse and tolerant city. On 28 May, a street altercation escalated into street battles in which 600 Taliban were massacred and 1000 captured, including ten top leaders. 1380:

flight was hijacked and flown to London by passengers asking for asylum. After the drought of 2000, the Taliban only received 8 million out of 67 million US dollars requested for aid from international donors. An embassy by the unrecognised breakaway state of

1685:. The provisions of the deal included the withdrawal of all American and NATO troops from Afghanistan, a Taliban pledge to prevent al-Qaeda from operating in areas which were under Taliban control, and talks between the Taliban and the Afghan government. The 782:

swore loyalty to the Taliban. Money and materiel helped create these alliances. Meanwhile, volunteer fighters were arriving from the border madrassas. The aim for Pakistan was to succeed in Zia's aim of an Islamist, Pashtun-led government loyal to Islamabad.

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The Taliban had "seized power from an established government backed by some of the world's best-equipped militaries"; and as an ideological insurgent movement dedicated to "bringing about a truly Islamic state" its victory has been compared to that of the

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having women in its leadership council and with some fighting alongside the men, even killing Taliban. It was expressed by Mullah Niazi, the commander of the attack and governor of Mazar after the attack, in his declaration from Mazar's central mosque:

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law and brought order, as well as opening the roads to traffic, dropping food prices. The measures were well received by the population. They also closed down schools and banned girls from even studying at home. In Kabul, the Taliban set up a six-man

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a few Arab donors. The tribal elders were also not in support of a new war. This led to some Taliban leaders considering joining the political process, with meetings on the issue until 2004, though these did not result in a decision to do so.

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former two included vehicles and helicopters. During the 1998 massacres in Mazar, the Taliban killed 11 Iranian diplomats, intelligence officers, and a journalist under direct orders from Mullah Omar. Iran threatened with war, sending 70,000

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While the slaughter can be attributed to several factors – ethnic difference, suspicion of Shia Hazara loyalty to their co-religionists in Iran, fury at the loss of life suffered in an earlier unsuccessful Taliban takeover of Mazar – the

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was a major target, though only 20 districts and 200 villages elsewhere were claimed to have been successfully prevented from voting. Pakistan reportedly limited movement due to US pressure, though Saudi Arabia may have aided in turn.

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Local festivities were not exempt from prohibitions. The Taliban banned the traditional Afghan New Year's celebrations and "for a time they also banned the Shia Islamic month of mourning and even restricted any show of festivity at

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as the Information Minister. The leadership had never lived in a large city, many having never visited Kabul before. The city was soon essentially under occupation. In the north, the civil war with the Northern Alliance continued.

378:(ISI) agency provided arms to Afghans resisting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the ISI assisted the process of gathering radical Muslims from around the world to fight against the Soviets. The Pakistani leader 1713:

announced in April 2021 that it would continue the withdrawal beyond the initial deadline, with an expected completion date by 11 September 2021. On 8 July, Biden shifted the U.S. withdrawal deadline to 31 August. The

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supported its new Afghan equivalent. Direct subsidies and training made it stronger than other parts of the Taliban government. The Saudis saw this support as a way to buttress their power and form of Islam against

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and his brother were killed violently and hung above a traffic circle. The capture of the capital from Tajik rule gave the Taliban a new height of prestige. Weeks after the fall of Kabul, Massoud had founded the

221: 5044: 407:, Islamic religious schools, along the border to educate young Afghans, with their number in all of Pakistan increasing from 900 in 1971 to about 33,000 by 1988. Many of these had been financed by patrons from 5714: 999:

Theft was punished by the amputation of a hand, rape and murder by public execution. Married adulterers were stoned to death. In Kabul, punishments were carried out in front of crowds in the city's former

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to negotiate a peace out of fear of the Taliban. This allowed Masoud to receive Iranian and Russian support more effectively, with the Northern Alliance declaring Mazar their capital on 13 June 1997.

822:. She welcomed their taking of Kabul in September 1996 as a "positive step". Her consistent support for the Taliban from its earliest days earned her the sobriquet "Lady Taliban" in the Indian press. 666:

by buying it from an Afghan commander supposedly loyal to Massoud. A Pakistani government convoy was soon aided across checkpoints by the Taliban. By mid-November, the Taliban ruled Kandahar with six

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The fighting had caused the ethnic divisions of Afghanistan to worsen. Uzbeks and Hazaras had massacred captured Taliban fighters. The mass graves where Taliban prisoners had been massacred near

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together with defeated northern militias. Hekmatyar, on the other hand, had escaped to Iran, with many of his supporters switching to the Taliban. The country was becoming evermore divided by

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began in response to the announcement of a compulsory literacy program for girls. This gave rise to a spreading rebellion in the western countryside. Eventually, a larger insurgency by the

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Women in particular were targets of the Taliban's restrictions. They were prohibited from working; from wearing clothing regarded as "stimulating and attractive," including the "Iranian

1240:. A month after the Mazar slaughter, Taliban broke through Hazar lines and took over Hazarajat. The number of civilians killed was not as great as in Mazar, but occurred nevertheless. 4733: 4634: 1874:"Hazara farmers being forced from their land by ethnic Pashtuns, of raids of activists' homes, and of extrajudicial executions of former government soldiers and intelligence agents". 1557:

The top leaders of the Taliban took longer to re-organise, with an easying of movement, increased funding, and the pressure to take advantage of new resistance movements causing the

529:, as well as one of the major centres of political power in the country, but by 1994, it had fallen into disarray. Hekmatyar's forces, trucking mafias and local warlords, such as 396:

as a political weapon. Zia insisted that all CIA support to the mujahideen go through Pakistani hands. Pakistani support for them was overseen by the Inter-Services Intelligence.

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The year 2005 is commonly seen as a turning point for the Taliban insurgency. This is when the Taliban began expanding beyond their old circles from the days of the Emirate. The

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was established by former mid-level Taliban officials in Gardi Jangal in a refugee camp near the Helman border. It operated in the core southern provinces of Kandahar, Helmand,

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opposed the Taliban. Iran opposed the anti-Shia Pashtun force supported by its rivals Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Russia was worried about the effects on the republics of former

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While the early insurgent groups had been small and tied to local commanders, the Quetta Shura systematised them with a mandatory fixed strength of 25 for each group (called a

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fell in September 1995, all of southern Afghanistan was held by the Taliban. In the next three months this hitherto "unknown force" took control of twelve of Afghanistan's 34

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The government of Pakistan (itself host to one of the richest and most ancient collections of Buddhist art) implored the Taliban to spare the statues. Saudi Arabia and the

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Women were also not permitted to attend co-educational schools; in practice, this prevented the vast majority of young women and girls in Afghanistan from receiving even a

578:, began to hold discussions about the bad situation which existed in the area. An agenda was agreed to, which included restoring peace, disarming the population, enforcing 370:. Although no documentation which proves that the CIA directly supported the Taliban has surfaced, it has been argued that military support was indirectly provided to the 4603: 5795: 5481: 1554:

shura was established on 14 February 2003, with senior Pakistani officials attending. In 2003, the shura appointed representatives in 46 districts and four provinces.

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was issued claiming all representations of humans and idols, including those in museums, must be destroyed in accordance with Islamic law which prohibits any form of

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containers. The Taliban had in turn massacred Hazara villagers and pushed out Tajiki farmers. The Taliban were also forcing out humanitarian aid agencies such as the

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In the early months of Taliban rule, international journalists have had some access to Afghanistan. In February 2022, several international journalists, including

918: 4815: 857:. Defenders among the American establishment saw the Taliban as Saudi Arabia-esque conservative Islamists who could act as a counterweight to revolutionary Iran. 2901: 1150: 2234: 629:

and predominantly Durrani Pashtuns. Taliban initially enjoyed enormous goodwill from Afghans weary of the corruption, brutality, and the incessant fighting of

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from the neighbouring country through underground networks. Supporters of it started spreading their ideas across the desert, especially to the accessible

2132: 1908: 194:. They emerged in Afghanistan in the mid-1990s, capturing Kandahar and expanding their control across the country; they became involved in a war with the 633:

warlords. One story is that the rape and murder of boys and girls from a family traveling to Kandahar or a similar outrage by Mujahideen bandits sparked

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Hazaras may have been the principal motivation, as apostasy in Islam is punishable by death. The Hazara also were more equal towards women, with their

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In early 2021, both the Pentagon and the Afghan government believed that continuous US military support would need to be provided to Kabul. However,

5840: 5353: 905: 3696:"Human Rights Watch Report, 'Afghanistan, the massacre in Mazar-e-Sharif', November 1998. Incitement of Violence Against Hazaras by Governor Niazi" 237: 198:. The international response to the Taliban varied, with some countries providing support while others opposed and did not recognize their regime. 241: 4503: 5810: 3012: 1269:, one 38 metres (125 ft) tall and carved in 507 CE, the other 53 metres (174 ft) tall and carved in 554 CE. The act was condemned by 325: 5199: 5167: 5091: 4474: 3952: 2001: 1408: 210: 4725: 5660: 4626: 766:

met with them, agreeing to provide support. The support subsequently grew from fuel to materiel to cash. Eventually Bhutto described it as

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on 1 May 2021, simultaneous with the withdrawal of most U.S. troops from Afghanistan. Following its rapid defeat across the country, the

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From 2002, Taliban groups inside Afghanistan began operating without the leadership in Pakistan. These groups were usually organised in

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Afghanistan. In September 2020, over 5,000 Taliban prisoners, including 400 of whom were accused and convicted of major crimes such as

724:. Other sources of funding may have included Saudi and Gulf individuals, local trucking mafia, heroin traders, and the ISI. Armed with 228:

continue, with education policies and international relations, including internal and external challenges faced by the Taliban regime.

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On 26 May 1997, the Pakistani government formally recognised the Taliban as Afghanistan's legitimate government. Saudi Arabia and the

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homeland in central Afghanistan and the refusal by the Taliban to allow the UN to supply food to Hazara in the provinces of Bamiyan,

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The first attempt at a larger organisation of Taliban groups after the invasion occurred in April 2002 in the country's south. A

1368: 415:. Saudi religious ideology was introduced in these institutions. Many senior leaders of the Afghanistan Taliban had attended the 736:

and the Taliban entered it the next day. Within a day, every government building and military base had been occupied. President

4595: 1372: 854: 434:, who is often referred to as the "Father of the Taliban". It blended Islamist politics with the teachings of the conservative 412: 586:

was considered appropriate. This also had the advantage of distancing them from the political maneuvering of the mujahideen.

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The Taliban refer to this government, as they have for decades referred to themselves, as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

1971: 1892:, killing over 115 people. As of late 2021, there were still "sticky bomb" explosions "every few days" in the capital Kabul. 1339: 981: 690: 653:

The first major military action which was engaged in by the Taliban occurred in October–November 1994 when they marched from

316:. Nevertheless, the communist government continued to campaign against traditional and Islamic practices. In March 1979, the 225: 5688: 3790: 488:

to reach the Central Asian markets. In October 1994, Babar organised a trial convoy of Pakistani exports being delivered to

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pursued a religious and political agenda in Afghanistan. Zia believed that political Islam should be embraced, saying that

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Pakistani Unconventional Warfare Against Afghanistan: A Case Study of the Taliban as an Unconventional Warfare Proxy Force

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Taliban: The story of the Afghan warlords: including a new foreword following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001

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Despite Taliban claims that the ISIS has been defeated, IS carried out suicide bombings in October 2021 at Shia mosques

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In the south, Masoud saw his opportunity to counter-attack, territory around Kabul and killing hundreds of Taliban. The

250: 5045:"Taliban is 'particularly committed' to protect rights of Hindus and Sikhs: Spokesperson of Taliban 'Justice Ministry'" 4804: 1798: 1769: 1416:

the US forces. However, the early support was limited, with attempts at infiltration often unsuccessful at this stage.

602:. Their backing gave legitimacy to the militia in its early moment. Their aim was to bring back the exiled former King 5820: 1730:

and 111th Division, both based in Kabul. The capital city itself was left encircled after Taliban forces had captured

375: 363: 4406: 2930:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet invasion to September 10, 2001

449:

warned that "Afghanistan will be turned into a center for terrorism". The Pakistani intelligence initially supported

709:, a first for anyone in 60 years. However, no decisions were made on the economic and social future of the country. 506: 3763: 1886: 5550: 4338: 4310: 1915: 1727: 1543: 1523: 1306: 2142: 2238: 1755: 1709:, despite the fact that the Afghan government continued to rely on the US's manpower and military support. The 1547: 1479: 770:. By spring 1995, ISI was sending military officers and guerrilla leaders to help Taliban. Inside the country, 682: 1663: 269:' for centuries. They were teachers, dispute mediators, and comforters of the dying. They would also study in 201:

During their rule from 1996 to 2001, the Taliban implemented strict religious regulations, notably affecting

1042:," (viewed as insufficiently complete in its covering); from taking a taxi without a "close male relative" ( 729: 667: 1903:

After Taliban retook power in 2021, border clashes erupted between the Taliban with its neighbors includes

5638: 5633: 5494: 5431: 3942: 1719: 1486: 1377: 1233: 1018: 591: 164: 1530:

had started organising after exiling there in 2001. In early 2002 their manpower was estimated at 1,400.

582:, and advancing Islamist politics in Afghanistan. Since they were mostly students of madrassas, the name 245: 191: 5519: 5348: 5298: 1934: 1889: 1743: 1681: 1243:

During the years that followed, massacres of Hazara by Taliban forces were documented by groups such as

1133: 888: 829:

Map showing political control in Afghanistan in late 1996, following the capture of Kabul by the Taliban

774:

troops were repairing and operating their tanks and aircraft. The ISI also helped broker a deal whereby

5016:"'Forced To Dress Like a Muslim': Taliban Imposes Restrictions On Afghanistan's Sikh, Hindu Minorities" 205:

and cultural heritage. This period included significant ethnic persecution and the destruction of the

5643: 5593: 4696:"Biden plans to withdraw U.S. forces from Afghanistan by Sept. 11, missing May deadline, reports say" 1751: 1723: 1710: 1300: 1098: 901: 431: 416: 956:

was renamed Voice of the Sharia and used to announce new religious rules. Under the Taliban regime,

5749: 5729: 5588: 5560: 5514: 5409: 5404: 5372: 3342: 1845: 1810: 1781: 1562: 1086: 884: 775: 737: 725: 686: 603: 469: 450: 446: 400: 379: 317: 171: 156: 135: 40: 5081: 3695: 720:

may have supported with up to three million USD to buy off the remaining commanders on the way to

5623: 5540: 5504: 5464: 5377: 5251: 4810: 3433: 1879: 1841: 1832: 1824: 1527: 1489:, local commanders had organised fronts by 2005. A similar situation was happening in the nearby 1460: 1394: 1266: 1256: 1244: 1114: 842: 779: 702: 454: 453:

forces, with former Afghan military officers directly under its command. However, he failed when

297: 214: 206: 778:

forced helped the Taliban establish an air force. In eastern Afghanistan, local leaders such as

537:

Pashtuns. This happened as wealthy Pashtun leaders in Kandahar were looking for a common cause.

277:, the 'givers' of knowledge. This provided a form of Islamic civil service in absence of state. 5241: 4657: 4577:"India asserts Afghanistan's 'national sovereignty' as peace talks with Taliban start in Qatar" 3301: 1975: 5805: 5709: 5419: 5382: 5216: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5163: 5145: 5129: 5108: 5087: 5052: 4665: 4507: 4470: 4333: 3948: 3658: 3173: 2939: 1574: 1542:

in the second half of 2002 with limited activity. Former members began to return in North and

1475: 1465: 1433: 1281: 1195: 1154: 1056: 941: 763: 742: 706: 618: 477: 355: 341: 321: 261:, whose name literally means the 'students ' or the 'seekers of knowledge', have been part of 202: 195: 160: 5825: 5683: 5573: 5367: 5291: 2401: 2006: 1590: 1578: 1516: 1494: 1437: 1334: 1110: 933: 825: 654: 622: 614: 575: 571: 57: 17: 932:

composed of mullahs to rule the city, dominated by out-of-town Durrani Pashtuns and led by

610:

began to meet Pashtun delegations and was made the head of the movement's supreme council.

5704: 5469: 5436: 4627:"'This is a big problem': The Taliban are storming prisons holding thousands of militants" 1586: 1582: 1535: 1531: 1441: 1106: 1102: 860: 771: 733: 717: 526: 484:

notable who had organised guerrilla training for Afghans in the 1970s. He supported using

281: 117: 1342:

and the Northern Alliance in early 2000, when the Taliban was at the height of its power

273:, living off donations. After they completed their religious studies, they could become 5754: 5446: 5343: 1947: 1570: 1539: 1512: 1490: 1469: 1288:

linked financial aid to the preservation of the statues. However, after a few years, a

1169: 1160:

The worst attack on civilians came in summer of 1998 when the Taliban swept north from

1001: 937: 846: 834: 563: 465: 141: 4305: 1447:

in the east, Taliban activity began again through local commanders, groups of foreign

5779: 5719: 5387: 5123: 5102: 2935: 2928: 2274: 1853: 1706: 1686: 972: 787: 786:

The Saudi intelligence also met with the Taliban, who asked for support to create an

732:

and the plains south of Kabul. On 26 September, Massoud withdrew from the capital to

698: 420: 351: 155:

militant movement, that governs Afghanistan, with an ideology comprising elements of

3403: 2250: 1399: 424: 5414: 1849: 1758: 1702: 1671:

On 29 February 2020, the United States and the Taliban signed a peace agreement in

1603: 1558: 1207: 976: 850: 811: 767: 746: 595: 567: 530: 489: 485: 473: 408: 289: 187: 36: 975:

were closed and music was banned. Hundreds of cultural artifacts that were deemed

5157: 4464: 3798: 2540:

editor in chief, Richard C. Martin, Macmillan Reference : Thomson/Gale, 2004

1132:

tribesmen. The northern fighting also had the effect of forcing the sides of the

5744: 5578: 5568: 5399: 5394: 5338: 3741: 1937:, returned to Afghanistan for the first time since the collapse of the Republic. 1658: 1624: 1277: 989: 953: 663: 634: 607: 559: 458: 427: 147: 5210: 4596:"Afghanistan to Release Last Taliban Prisoners, Removing Final Hurdle to Talks" 4528: 5764: 3429: 2254: 1726:

was left in chaos, and only two units remained operational by mid-August: The

1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1310: 1262: 1145: 1090: 1048:); washing clothes in streams; or having their measurements taken by tailors. 957: 814:, strongly supported efforts to engage with the Taliban. She also supported a 630: 309: 266: 5056: 4802:

Blue, Victor J.; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Padshah, Safiullah (28 January 2022).

4669: 3177: 2387:"Pakistan's godfathers of the Taliban hold the key to the hunt for Bin Laden" 1485:

In Kabul, operations were fragmented, with few large fronts. In northeastern

5759: 5268: 5236: 1731: 1698: 1551: 1225: 1125: 923:

In the areas under their rule, the Taliban disarmed the population, imposed

838: 713: 671: 445:

in 1989, the country was torn apart by warring mujahideen groups. President

2266: 2019:

the Taliban movement, which calls itself the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

1117:. Thousands of captured Taliban and hundreds of Pakistanis were massacred. 5739: 5724: 5583: 5454: 4838:"Executions and Enforced Disappearances in Afghanistan under the Taliban" 4533: 1566: 1448: 1363: 1293: 1177: 1023: 904:

followed soon after. The US, meanwhile, refused to give recognition. The

658: 626: 599: 555: 522: 518: 511: 481: 435: 387: 383: 367: 301: 262: 183: 179: 4976:"Taliban intelligence forces detain Afghan journalist Irfanullah Baidar" 640:

Around 20,000 Afghan students who decided to Join the Taliban came from

182:

and were influenced significantly by foreign support, particularly from

5524: 5314: 3767: 3284:

Amy Waldman, `No TV, no Chess, No Kites: Taliban's Code, from A to Z,`

1968:"Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress" 1791: 1735: 1715: 1216:

down by your feet; if you hide below, we will pull you up by your hair.

1181: 1121: 892:

with the region polarised between support and opposition to the group.

833:

The US Ambassador to Pakistan met with the new acting Foreign Minister

574:, who knew each other since they had fought together and were all from 534: 371: 328:, Islamic mujahideen fighters engaged in war with those Soviet forces. 293: 270: 213:

in 2001, the Taliban were ousted from power but regrouped and launched

175: 152: 50: 30: 4950:"Taliban Says It Released Detained UN Journalist Andrew North, Others" 3013:"FBI Investigates US Diplomat Dubbed 'Lady Taliban' over Secrets Leak" 1649:

against state education began, with a 65 percent increase in attacks.

5734: 1930: 1803: 1774: 1739: 1691: 1609: 1289: 1270: 1237: 1190: 1173: 1165: 1129: 1067: 1044: 1039: 924: 876: 815: 579: 551: 274: 5083:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden

4658:"Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations" 1261:

In March 2001, the Taliban ordered the demolition of two statues of

2002:"How Afghanistan's Militant Groups Are Evolving Under Taliban Rule" 423:

in Pakistan, and it supported the Taliban. The seminary was run by

5509: 1926: 1809: 1797: 1780: 1768: 1747: 1676: 1662: 1507: 1474: 1398: 1333: 1309:, a senior representative of the Taliban designated as the roving 1285: 1221: 1199: 1184:, a mostly Shia ethnic group, while in control of Mazar-i-Sharif. 1161: 1124:

also took advantage of the moment, ending the nine-month siege of

1063: 1027: 1017: 929: 880: 824: 819: 721: 694: 678: 505: 392: 345: 305: 249: 35: 4924:"Taliban arrests 2 journalists on assignment with United Nations" 4879:"Clashes over Iran-Afghanistan's 'border misunderstanding' ended" 1865:

Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice

5277: 5273: 5125:

Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia

4901:"طالبان تسيطر على مواقع ونقاط حراسة ايرانية على الحدود المشتركة" 3302:"US Country Report on Human Rights Practices – Afghanistan 2001" 2235:

The Father of the Taliban: An Interview with Maulana Sami ul-Haq

1672: 1627:

announced an insurgency against "America and its puppets" (i.e.

1229: 1203: 872: 808:

Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs

800: 796:

Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice

313: 5287: 5187:

Radical, religious, and violent: the new economics of terrorism

5159:

Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia

1848:

with a six-man Taliban unit tasked with protecting the Shi'ite

5242:

US Country Report on Human Rights Practices – Afghanistan 2001

4504:"Afghanistan's Taliban, US sign agreement aimed at ending war" 1929:- who form Afghanistan's second largest religion - as well as 1367:

the only ally. The country's support was increased after the

390:

were the main sources of the country's strength. He also saw

178:

society. The Taliban's roots lie in the religious schools of

174:, and its ideological underpinnings are with that of broader 105: 93: 4771: 1493:. The largest front in the northeast was established in the 994:

Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Suppression of Vice

4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4429: 4427: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4265: 4263: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4202: 4200: 4187: 4185: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4153: 4151: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4088: 4086: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 2902:"FBI searches home of former envoy labelled 'Lady Taliban'" 1814:

A Taliban member with chest flags in Kabul, September 2022.

1785:

A Taliban member with chest flags in Kabul, September 2022.

5283: 4857:"Why is the world not recognizing the Taliban government?" 4558:"U.S.-Taliban Deal: India should Chalk-out a New Strategy" 4299: 4297: 705:

for an Afghan leader to be given the title. Omar wore the

5038: 5036: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3890: 3888: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3822: 3820: 794:, gave funding to the Taliban during its rise. The Saudi 99: 78: 72: 66: 4805:"On Patrol: 12 Days With a Taliban Police Unit in Kabul" 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3572: 3570: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 1923:

as well as barring access to international journalists.

1631:

forces) to "regain the sovereignty of our country". the

140:'students'), which also refers to itself by its 3268: 3266: 3118: 3116: 3114: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2708: 2706: 2693: 2691: 2612: 2610: 2597: 2595: 2446: 2444: 2442: 1792:

Taliban § Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021–present)

841:

in November 1996. However, US policy was unclear, with

3147: 3145: 3143: 3089: 3087: 3074: 3072: 3047: 3045: 2883: 2881: 2868: 2866: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2780: 2778: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2666: 2664: 2639: 2637: 2473: 2471: 2417: 2415: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2345: 2343: 2215: 2213: 1754:

on 15 August 2021. The capture took place hours after

1280:

initially supported the preservation of Afghanistan's

5237:

CNN In-Depth Specials – Afghanistan under the Taliban

4726:"Biden says US war in Afghanistan will end August 31" 2176: 2174: 2172: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 1746:, and other cities as well as districts in the east. 1561:

to become established on 14 March 2003, including by

338:

Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan

108: 81: 4529:"US and Taliban sign deal to end 18-year Afghan war" 2090: 2088: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 1863:

has been closed and its building is the new home of

966:

statues, sewing catalogs, pictures, Christmas cards.

220:

The Taliban returned to power in 2021 following the

128: 102: 96: 90: 75: 69: 63: 5697: 5676: 5602: 5559: 5533: 5480: 5321: 4656:Sanger, David E.; Cooper, Helene (14 August 2021). 1831:

Anderson notes that the Taliban's war against any "

853:argued for engaging with the new government at the 662:Pakistani intelligence near the border crossing of 510:The Taliban emerged in the southern Afghan city of 403:, the leader of ISI, supported the construction of 366:(CIA) soon began to support the insurgency through 296:campaign against religious leaders. Meanwhile, the 87: 60: 4803: 2927: 1451:jihadists, as well as pro-Taliban networks in the 1276:The intentions of the destruction remain unclear. 326:the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan in 1979 5001:"S. Jaishankar a Beacon of Hope for Afghan Sikhs" 4594:Mashal, Mujib; Faizi, Fatima (3 September 2020). 4306:"Taliban appears to be regrouped and well-funded" 2402:"Former Pakistani officer embodies policy puzzle" 1705:'s persistent policy to move the US away from an 441:During the power vacuum which was created by the 4304:Tohid, Owias & Baldauf, Scott (8 May 2003). 762:The ISI got interested in the early Taliban and 4407:"Asia: Afghanistan: Taliban Leader Vows Return" 1213: 712:The Taliban launched a surprise attack against 550:After the fall of the Najibullah regime, local 5152:. Page citations are to the Pan Books edition. 1472:, with a guerrilla campaign in the mountains. 1412:to exist and Mullah Omar escaped to Pakistan. 374:because, in the 1980s, the CIA and Pakistan's 5299: 4778:"The Taliban Confront the Realities of Power" 4466:Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History 3764:"Pakistan and Japan plead for Afghan statues" 3166:"In Afghanistan, a Triumph of Fundamentalism" 2553:, Oxford University Press, (1999), pp. 25–26 2551:The Taliban Phenomenon, Afghanistan 1994–1997 1765:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021–present) 1623:In late 2004, the then hidden Taliban leader 1385:was opened in 2000, further angering Russia. 1151:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1030:on 26 August 2001. The footage was filmed by 909:Afghanistan's government had been suspended. 8: 5836:Timelines of 21st-century military conflicts 5831:Timelines of 20th-century military conflicts 3341:, pp. 218–219 See the full edict here: 3334: 3332: 2230: 2228: 1667:Taliban militants in Kabul in September 2021 625:regions and they were overwhelmingly ethnic 4469:. Princeton University Press. p. 327. 3947:. Oxford University Press. pp. 17–18. 3789:Hashimi, Syed Rahmatullah (10 March 2001). 1682:Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan 1602:2004 operations started intensifying, with 5306: 5292: 5284: 5269:The Taliban & Afghan Women: Background 5140:, republished by Pan Books with the title 2538:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world 919:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 292:, the new regime subsequently unleashed a 4489: 4450: 4433: 4392: 4380: 4359: 4288: 4269: 4254: 4235: 4218: 4206: 4191: 4176: 4157: 4142: 4121: 4109: 4092: 4077: 4065: 4053: 4036: 4015: 4003: 3986: 3974: 971:photographs, stuffed animals, and dolls. 792:International Islamic Relief Organization 5128:. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 906:Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, D.C. 29:For broader coverage of this topic, see 5043:Bhattacherjee, Kallol (15 April 2024). 3645: 1958: 1911:, leading to casualties on both sides. 674:helicopters captured from the airport. 5274:Prostitution Under the rule of Taliban 4776:Anderson, Jon Lee (28 February 2022). 3936: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3906: 3894: 3879: 3862: 3845: 3826: 3811: 3728: 3716: 3682: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3576: 3561: 3549: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3454: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3338: 3272: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3134: 3122: 2961:"Lead West's romancing of the Taliban" 2833: 2769: 2712: 2697: 2682: 2655: 2628: 2616: 2601: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2525: 2450: 2433: 2131:Fitchett, Joseph (26 September 2001). 5801:History of Afghanistan (1992–present) 5541:Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan 4334:"Taliban regroups – on the road" 3436:from the original on 21 December 2021 3296: 3294: 1659:Afghanistan § Taliban resurgence 1409:United States invasion of Afghanistan 1389:US invasion and insurgency, 2001–2021 1273:and many countries around the world. 790:. Saudi-based charities, such as the 521:had traditionally been the center of 7: 5661:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 4818:from the original on 28 January 2022 4575:Basu, Nayanima (12 September 2020). 3209: 3197: 3151: 3105: 3093: 3078: 3063: 3051: 3036: 2887: 2872: 2857: 2845: 2821: 2796: 2784: 2752: 2731: 2670: 2643: 2513: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2462: 2421: 2372: 2349: 2334: 2322: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2219: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2163: 2133:"What About the Taliban's Stingers?" 2118: 2106: 2094: 2079: 2060: 2039: 1346:International pressure increased as 5796:Afghanistan conflict (1978–present) 4676:from the original on 15 August 2021 4502:Qazi, Shereena (29 February 2020). 4405:Gall, Carlotta (13 November 2004). 2237:, Imtiaz Ali, Spotlight on Terror, 1966:Thomas, Clayton (2 November 2021). 1453:Federally Administered Tribal Areas 1329:1998 United States embassy bombings 1303:later denounced the act as savage. 1052:all the teachers there were women. 657:in southern Afghanistan to capture 496:Emergence in Afghanistan, 1994–1996 238:Afghanistan conflict (1978–present) 170:The Taliban movement originated in 121: 5107:. University of Washington Press. 4706:from the original on 13 April 2021 4637:from the original on 9 August 2021 4625:George, Susannah (8 August 2021). 4606:from the original on 8 August 2021 3404:"Taleban 'will kill school girls'" 2959:Swami, Praveen (18 January 2012). 1646:2005 Afghan parliamentary election 1597:Beginning of insurgency operations 443:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan 358:leaders in the Oval Office in 1983 286:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 242:History of Afghanistan (1978–1992) 25: 4948:Korpar, Lora (11 February 2022). 4922:Crouch, Erik (11 February 2022). 4855:Haider, Nasim (6 December 2021). 3791:"Lecture: Taliban in Afghanistan" 3430:"Taliban Threatening girls again" 2385:Julian West (23 September 2001). 1925:The country's small community of 1718:and allied militant groups began 1633:2004 Afghan presidential election 1501:Emergence of organised resistance 1324:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 1014:Treatment of women by the Taliban 913:Consolidation of power, 1996–2001 887:, especially with regards to the 224:. Their efforts to establish the 5667:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4980:Committee to Protect Journalists 4928:Committee to Protect Journalists 4736:from the original on 8 July 2021 3659:"The Massacre in Mazar-i-Sharif" 3011:Porter, Tom (21 November 2014). 2987:"The World Isolates the Taliban" 2985:Dorronsoro, Gilles (June 2001). 2900:Sanchez, Raf (7 November 2014). 2241:, Volume 4, Issue 2, 23 May 2007 2138:The International Herald Tribune 1920:Committee to Protect Journalists 1790:This section is an excerpt from 1164:to the predominantly Hazara and 1140:Ethnic massacres and persecution 701:. This was the first time since 56: 5841:Military history of Afghanistan 5156:Rashid, Ahmed (13 April 2010). 2267:Inside Islam's "terror schools" 1420:Early attempts at re-organising 1373:United Nations Security Council 1101:forces retook the provinces of 413:Arab states of the Persian Gulf 3343:The Taliban In Their Own Words 3164:Burns, John F. (26 May 1997). 2400:Carlotta Gall (3 March 2010). 2000:Seldin, Jeff (20 March 2022). 1972:Congressional Research Service 1629:transitional Afghan government 1340:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 982:National Museum of Afghanistan 845:denouncing the Taliban at the 691:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 613:The Taliban were based in the 226:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1: 5811:Modern history of Afghanistan 5442:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai 4974:Crouch, Erik (21 July 2023). 4556:Rai, Manish (21 March 2020). 4332:Tohid, Owias (27 June 2003). 3944:The Taliban at War: 2001–2018 1870:Reports have "circulated" of 1653:Return to power, 2021–present 806:At the early stage, the then 5791:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 5265:Feminist Majority Foundation 5080:Coll, Steve (3 March 2005). 5020:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 4903:. Al Bawaba. 1 December 2021 3432:. YouTube. 27 January 2009. 3017:International Business Times 2251:The 'university of holy war' 1974:. p. 10. Archived from 1821:Chinese Communist Revolution 1457:North-West Frontier Province 1403:Taliban border guard in 2001 1383:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 1080:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 1062:Women were made to wear the 940:as the Foreign Minister and 728:, the Taliban advanced from 502:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 472:through overland trading in 18:Taliban's rise to power 3941:Giustozzi, Antonio (2019). 1898:Ministry of Women's Affairs 1861:Ministry of Women's Affairs 554:who knew each other around 376:Inter-Services Intelligence 364:Central Intelligence Agency 129: 5857: 4881:. Reuters. 1 December 2021 2389:. London: Daily Telegraph. 1789: 1656: 1392: 1369:1999 Pakistani coup d'état 1265:carved into cliffsides at 1254: 1077: 1022:A member of the Taliban's 1011: 916: 849:, while three weeks later 499: 335: 288:into power. Backed by the 254:Mujahideen praying in 1987 235: 28: 5710:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 5689:2021–2022 Afghan protests 5249:by Douglas A. Livermore, 5209:Hosseini, Khaled (2001). 5162:. Yale University Press. 5104:Afghanistan's Endless War 4463:Barfield, Thomas (2012). 4339:Christian Science Monitor 4311:Christian Science Monitor 3304:. State.gov. 4 March 2002 1524:North Waziristan District 1307:Sayed Rahmatullah Hashemi 1095:Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif 217:that lasted two decades. 2239:The Jamestown Foundation 1679:, officially titled the 1480:Provinces of Afghanistan 1224:by the Taliban of their 476:. Her interior minister 464:The new Prime Minister, 457:captured Kabul in 1992. 5534:Human rights/violations 5101:Goodson, Larry (2001). 1859:On the other hand, the 1761:fled from the country. 1317:International relations 1220:Hazara also suffered a 936:, as well as including 668:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 300:was spreading militant 5495:Cabinet (2021–present) 5432:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 5280:report on prostitution 5122:Rashid, Ahmed (2000). 1876: 1815: 1807: 1806:in Kabul, August 2021. 1786: 1778: 1777:in Kabul, August 2021. 1752:fell to Taliban forces 1720:a widespread offensive 1668: 1487:Maidan Wardak Province 1482: 1404: 1378:Ariana Afghan Airlines 1343: 1218: 1099:Abdul Malik Pahlawan's 1035: 968: 830: 753:International response 592:Hashmat Ghani Ahmadzai 515: 514:around September 1994. 359: 308:, which also had many 255: 165:Islamic fundamentalism 43: 5349:Hibatullah Akhundzada 5190:. MIT Press. p. 1935:Narendra Singh Khalsa 1872: 1813: 1801: 1784: 1772: 1666: 1657:Further information: 1478: 1402: 1337: 1134:Tajikistani Civil War 1021: 963: 949:Religious regulations 889:Tajikistani Civil War 828: 776:Abdul Rashid Dostum's 509: 451:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's 349: 253: 39: 5786:1990s in Afghanistan 5715:Guantanamo detainees 5184:Berman, Eli (2009). 4562:OpedColumn.News.Blog 2938:. pp. 334–335. 2926:Coll, Steve (2004). 1724:Afghan National Army 1711:Biden administration 1701:continued to follow 1362:, and Russia met in 1301:United Arab Emirates 902:United Arab Emirates 432:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam 417:Darul Uloom Haqqania 5816:Political timelines 5589:Badri 313 Battalion 5410:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 5405:Shahabuddin Delawar 5373:Abdul Ghani Baradar 5215:. Riverhead Books. 4844:. 30 November 2021. 3909:, pp. 117–118. 3801:on 25 October 2008. 3369:, pp. 115–116. 2991:Global Policy Forum 2549:Matinuddin, Kamal, 2492:, pp. 285–287. 2465:, pp. 284–285. 2337:, pp. 289–290. 1978:on 21 February 2022 1918:were detained. 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5033: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4981: 4977: 4970: 4967: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4941: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4915: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4880: 4874: 4871: 4858: 4851: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4806: 4798: 4795: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4649: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4618: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4549: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4459: 4456: 4453:, p. 44. 4452: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4436:, p. 40. 4435: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4398: 4395:, p. 38. 4394: 4389: 4386: 4383:, p. 37. 4382: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4362:, p. 36. 4361: 4356: 4353: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4328: 4325: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4291:, p. 43. 4290: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4272:, p. 35. 4271: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4257:, p. 34. 4256: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4238:, p. 33. 4237: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4212: 4209:, p. 32. 4208: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4194:, p. 31. 4193: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4179:, p. 29. 4178: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4160:, p. 28. 4159: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4145:, p. 27. 4144: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4115: 4112:, p. 23. 4111: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4095:, p. 22. 4094: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4080:, p. 21. 4079: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4059: 4056:, p. 20. 4055: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4042: 4039:, p. 19. 4038: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4018:, p. 18. 4017: 4012: 4009: 4006:, p. 26. 4005: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3989:, p. 25. 3988: 3983: 3980: 3977:, p. 24. 3976: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3782: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3743: 3742:"Afghanistan" 3737: 3734: 3731:, p. 76. 3730: 3725: 3722: 3719:, p. 68. 3718: 3713: 3710: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3676: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3648:, p. 79. 3647: 3642: 3639: 3636:, p. 73. 3635: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3612:, p. 98. 3611: 3606: 3603: 3600:, p. 99. 3599: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3579:, p. 96. 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3564:, p. 94. 3563: 3558: 3555: 3552:, p. 93. 3551: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3520: 3517:, p. 92. 3516: 3511: 3508: 3505:, p. 91. 3504: 3499: 3496: 3493:, p. 88. 3492: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3460: 3457:, p. 70. 3456: 3451: 3448: 3435: 3431: 3425: 3422: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3303: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3275:, p. 83. 3274: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3260:, p. 82. 3259: 3254: 3251: 3248:, p. 67. 3247: 3242: 3239: 3236:, p. 63. 3235: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3125:, p. 74. 3124: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3030: 3018: 3014: 3007: 3004: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2941: 2937: 2936:Penguin Books 2932: 2931: 2922: 2919: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2839: 2836:, p. 68. 2835: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2772:, p. 87. 2771: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2715:, p. 72. 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2700:, p. 71. 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2685:, p. 70. 2684: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2619:, p. 59. 2618: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2604:, p. 58. 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2580: 2577:, p. 57. 2576: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2531: 2528:, p. 98. 2527: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2456: 2453:, p. 46. 2452: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2436:, p. 45. 2435: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2275:New Statesman 2272: 2268: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2207:, p. 65. 2206: 2201: 2198: 2195:, p. 62. 2194: 2189: 2186: 2183:, p. 61. 2182: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2166:, p. 59. 2165: 2160: 2157: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2127: 2124: 2121:, p. 46. 2120: 2115: 2112: 2109:, p. 45. 2108: 2103: 2100: 2097:, p. 40. 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2082:, p. 39. 2081: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1854:Islamic State 1851: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1836: 1834: 1833:graven images 1829: 1826: 1822: 1812: 1805: 1800: 1793: 1783: 1776: 1771: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1687:United States 1684: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1665: 1660: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625:Mohammed Omar 1621: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1605: 1604:night letters 1596: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1546:, as well as 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1526:of Pakistan, 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1464:existence in 1462: 1459:of Pakistan. 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1401: 1396: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1081: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1007: 1005: 1003: 997: 995: 991: 985: 983: 978: 974: 967: 962: 959: 955: 948: 946: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 920: 912: 910: 907: 903: 895: 893: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 867: 865: 862: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 827: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 797: 793: 789: 788:Islamic state 784: 781: 777: 773: 769: 768:carte blanche 765: 757: 752: 750: 748: 744: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 699:Ahmad Massoud 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 660: 659:Kandahar City 656: 648: 646: 643: 638: 636: 635:Mohammed Omar 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 609: 608:Mohammed Omar 605: 601: 597: 593: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 560:Mohammed Omar 557: 553: 545: 540: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 513: 508: 503: 495: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 429: 426: 422: 421:Akora Khattak 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 394: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 357: 354:meeting with 353: 352:Ronald Reagan 348: 343: 339: 331: 329: 327: 324:began. After 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 280:In 1978, the 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 252: 247: 243: 239: 231: 229: 227: 223: 222:US withdrawal 218: 216: 215:an insurgency 212: 208: 204: 199: 197: 193: 190:, during the 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 168: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 149: 143: 137: 131: 119: 113: 53: 52: 46: 42: 38: 32: 27: 19: 5620:(2001–2021) 5594:Conscription 5489: 5415:Hasan Akhund 5250: 5211: 5186: 5158: 5141: 5124: 5103: 5082: 5074:Bibliography 5060:. Retrieved 5048: 5023:. Retrieved 5019: 5009: 4995: 4983:. Retrieved 4979: 4969: 4957:. Retrieved 4953: 4943: 4931:. Retrieved 4927: 4917: 4905:. Retrieved 4895: 4883:. Retrieved 4873: 4861:. Retrieved 4850: 4841: 4832: 4820:. Retrieved 4809: 4797: 4785:. Retrieved 4781: 4738:. Retrieved 4729: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4699: 4690: 4678:. Retrieved 4661: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4630: 4620: 4608:. Retrieved 4599: 4589: 4580: 4570: 4561: 4551: 4539:. Retrieved 4532: 4523: 4511:. 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Retrieved 2143:the original 2136: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2018: 2011:. Retrieved 2005: 1995: 1987: 1980:. Retrieved 1976:the original 1961: 1916:Andrew North 1913: 1902: 1894: 1890:and Kandahar 1884: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1858: 1850:Sakhi Shrine 1840: 1837: 1830: 1817: 1759:Ashraf Ghani 1696: 1680: 1670: 1643: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1608: 1600: 1559:Quetta Shura 1556: 1521: 1506: 1504: 1484: 1446: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1406: 1345: 1320: 1305: 1298: 1294:idol worship 1275: 1260: 1242: 1219: 1214: 1208:Hezbe Wahdat 1189: 1186: 1159: 1143: 1119: 1083: 1061: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1037: 998: 986: 977:polytheistic 969: 964: 952: 922: 899: 871: 859: 851:Robin Raphel 832: 812:Robin Raphel 805: 785: 761: 747:sectarianism 711: 676: 652: 641: 639: 612: 596:Hamid Karzai 588: 583: 568:Hasan Akhund 558:, including 549: 531:Mullah Naqib 517: 490:Turkmenistan 486:Pashtunistan 474:Central Asia 463: 440: 419:seminary in 409:Saudi Arabia 404: 398: 391: 361: 310:Shia Muslims 290:Soviet Union 284:brought the 279: 258: 257: 219: 209:. After the 200: 188:Saudi Arabia 169: 145: 49: 47: 45: 26: 5745:Pashtunwali 5614:(1996–2001) 5451:Commanders 5400:Tayyab Agha 5395:Abdul Kabir 5339:Mullah Omar 4416:8 September 4345:28 February 4317:28 February 3924:Rashid 2010 3907:Rashid 2010 3895:Rashid 2010 3880:Rashid 2010 3863:Rashid 2010 3846:Rashid 2010 3827:Rashid 2010 3812:Rashid 2010 3729:Rashid 2000 3717:Rashid 2000 3683:Rashid 2010 3663:www.hrw.org 3634:Rashid 2000 3622:Rashid 2010 3610:Rashid 2010 3598:Rashid 2010 3577:Rashid 2010 3562:Rashid 2010 3550:Rashid 2010 3527:Rashid 2010 3515:Rashid 2010 3503:Rashid 2010 3491:Rashid 2010 3479:Rashid 2000 3467:Rashid 2000 3455:Rashid 2000 3391:Rashid 2000 3379:Rashid 2000 3367:Rashid 2000 3339:Rashid 2000 3273:Rashid 2010 3258:Rashid 2010 3246:Rashid 2010 3234:Rashid 2010 3222:Rashid 2010 3135:Rashid 2010 3123:Rashid 2010 3022:2 September 2996:2 September 2970:2 September 2911:2 September 2834:Rashid 2010 2770:Rashid 2010 2713:Rashid 2010 2698:Rashid 2010 2683:Rashid 2010 2656:Rashid 2000 2629:Rashid 2000 2617:Rashid 2010 2602:Rashid 2010 2587:Rashid 2010 2575:Rashid 2010 2563:Rashid 2000 2526:Rashid 2000 2451:Rashid 2010 2434:Rashid 2010 2149:11 November 1823:in 1949 or 1728:201st Corps 1278:Mullah Omar 1089:fleeing to 954:Radio Kabul 896:Recognition 664:Spin Boldak 459:Javed Nasir 428:Sami-ul-Haq 148:Afghanistan 5780:Categories 5765:Waziristan 5750:Safe house 5624:Insurgency 5551:War crimes 5505:Propaganda 5482:Government 5322:Leadership 4907:1 December 4885:1 December 4508:Al-Jazeera 3774:20 January 3748:5 February 3702:31 January 3440:31 January 3308:31 January 2945:1594200076 2255:BBC Online 1954:References 1360:Tajikistan 1356:Uzbekistan 1352:Kyrgyzstan 1348:Kazakhstan 1311:Ambassador 1146:Sheberghan 1091:Uzbekistan 961:included: 958:Sharia law 917:See also: 868:Opposition 726:technicals 631:Mujahideen 598:, and the 546:Beginnings 525:power and 438:movement. 411:and other 350:President 322:mujahideen 267:Quran Belt 263:Kandahar's 236:See also: 232:Background 144:name, the 122:طَالِبَانْ 5760:Theocracy 5612:Civil War 5604:Conflicts 5574:Air Force 5057:0971-751X 5049:The Hindu 4680:15 August 4670:0362-4331 3744:. 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In the 839:Islamabad 714:Jalalabad 683:provinces 672:Mil Mi-17 642:madrassas 405:madrassas 5806:Islamism 5740:Deobandi 5725:Islamism 5584:Red Unit 5561:Military 5460:Shahzada 5455:Dadullah 5062:17 April 5025:17 April 4954:Newsweek 4816:Archived 4734:Archived 4710:13 April 4704:Archived 4674:Archived 4641:9 August 4635:Archived 4610:9 August 4604:Archived 4581:ThePrint 4534:BBC News 3434:Archived 3414:26 April 3408:BBC News 3353:Wright, 3322:Wright, 2013:19 April 1942:See also 1909:Pakistan 1846:embedded 1802:Taliban 1773:Taliban 1744:Asadabad 1567:Dadullah 1449:Al-Qaeda 1434:Kandahar 1364:Tashkent 1282:heritage 1196:apostasy 1168:city of 697:against 627:Pashtuns 619:Kandahar 600:Popalzai 556:Kandahar 519:Kandahar 512:Kandahar 436:Deobandi 399:Zia and 388:ideology 384:religion 368:Pakistan 302:Islamism 271:madrasas 184:Pakistan 180:Kandahar 159:and the 151:, is an 5826:Taliban 5629:leaders 5490:History 5354:decrees 5315:Taliban 5276:– 1999 4985:27 July 4959:27 July 4933:27 July 4863:4 March 4822:7 March 4787:3 March 4730:AP News 4541:6 March 4513:6 March 3768:CNN.com 1982:5 March 1736:Sharana 1716:Taliban 1591:Paktika 1579:Uruzgan 1522:In the 1517:Uruzgan 1438:Helmand 1430:mahazes 1267:Bamiyan 1263:Buddhas 1122:Hazaras 1111:Jowzjan 758:Support 693:with a 655:Maiwand 623:Uruzgan 615:Helmand 552:mullahs 535:Durrani 527:culture 523:Pashtun 482:Pashtun 430:of the 425:Maulana 372:Taliban 294:Marxist 275:mullahs 259:Taliban 138: 130:ṭālibān 51:Taliban 31:Taliban 5735:Sharia 5677:Events 5520:Emblem 5219: 5198: 5166: 5148: 5132: 5111: 5090: 5055: 4740:8 July 4668: 4473: 3951: 3176: 2942: 1931:Hindus 1804:Humvee 1775:Humvee 1740:Gardez 1692:murder 1610:tarana 1589:, and 1587:Paktia 1583:Ghazni 1573:, and 1515:, and 1442:Ghazni 1440:, and 1371:. 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